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Maier CR, Chavan SG, Klause N, Liang W, Cazzonelli CI, Ghannoum O, Chen ZH, Tissue DT. Light blocking film in a glasshouse impacts Capsicum annuum L. yield differentially across planting season. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1277037. [PMID: 38179477 PMCID: PMC10766360 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1277037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
High energy costs are a barrier to producing high-quality produce at protected cropping facilities. A potential solution to mitigate high energy costs is film technology, which blocks heat-producing radiation; however, the alteration of the light environment by these films may impact crop yield and quality. Previous studies have assessed the impact of ULR 80 [i.e., light-blocking film (LBF)] on crop yield and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR); however, an assessment of the spectral environment over different seasons is important to understand potential crop impacts through different developmental phases. In this study, two varieties (red and orange) of Capsicum annuum were grown across two crop cycles: one cycle with primary crop growth in the autumn (i.e., autumn experiment [AE]) and the other with primary crop growth in the summer (i.e., summer experiment [SE]). LBF reduced PAR (roof level: 26%-30%, plant canopy level: 8%-25%) and net radiation (36%-66%). LBF also reduced total diffuse PAR (AE: 8%, SE: 15%), but the diffuse fraction of PAR increased by 7% and 9% for AE and SE, respectively, potentially resulting in differential light penetration throughout the canopy across treatments. LBF reduced near-infrared radiation (700 nm-2,500 nm), including far-red (700 nm-780 nm) at mid- and lower-canopy levels. LBF significantly altered light quantity and quality, which determined the amount of time that the crop grew under light-limited (<12 mol m-2 d-1) versus sufficient light conditions. In AE, crops were established and grown under light-limited conditions for 57% of the growing season, whereas in SE, crops were established and grown under sufficient light conditions for 66% of the growing season. Overall, LBF significantly reduced the yield in SE for both varieties (red: 29%; orange: 16%), but not in AE. The light changes in different seasons in response to LBF suggest that planting time is crucial for maximizing fruit yield when grown under a film that reduces light quantity. LBF may be unsuitable for year-round production of capsicum, and additional development of LBF is required for the film to be beneficial for saving energy during production and sustaining good crop yields in protected cropping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea R. Maier
- National Vegetable Protected Cropping Centre, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Sachin G. Chavan
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Norbert Klause
- National Vegetable Protected Cropping Centre, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Weiguang Liang
- National Vegetable Protected Cropping Centre, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Christopher I. Cazzonelli
- National Vegetable Protected Cropping Centre, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Oula Ghannoum
- National Vegetable Protected Cropping Centre, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Zhong-Hua Chen
- National Vegetable Protected Cropping Centre, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - David T. Tissue
- National Vegetable Protected Cropping Centre, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
- Global Centre for Land-Based Innovation, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
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He X, Solis CA, Chavan SG, Maier C, Wang Y, Liang W, Klause N, Ghannoum O, Cazzonelli CI, Tissue DT, Chen ZH. Novel transcriptome networks are associated with adaptation of capsicum fruit development to a light-blocking glasshouse film. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1280314. [PMID: 38023880 PMCID: PMC10658010 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1280314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Light-blocking films (LBFs) can contribute to significant energy savings for protected cropping via altering light transmitting, such as UVA, photosynthetically active radiation, blue and red spectra affecting photosynthesis, and capsicum yield. Here, we investigated the effects of LBF on orange color capsicum (O06614, Capsicum annuum L.) fruit transcriptome at 35 (mature green) and 65 (mature ripe) days after pollination (DAP) relative to untreated control in a high-technology glasshouse. The results of targeted metabolites showed that LBF significantly promotes the percentage of lutein but decreased the percentage of zeaxanthin and neoxanthin only at 35 DAP. At 35 DAP, fruits were less impacted by LBF treatment (versus control) with a total of 1,192 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) compared with that at 65 DAP with 2,654 DEGs. Response to stress and response to light stimulus in biological process of Gene Ontology were found in 65-DAP fruits under LBF vs. control, and clustering analysis revealed a predominant role of light receptors and phytohormone signaling transduction as well as starch and sucrose metabolism in LBF adaptation. The light-signaling DEGs, UV light receptor UVR8, transcription factors phytochrome-interacting factor 4 (PIF4), and an E3 ubiquitin ligase (COP1) were significantly downregulated at 65 DAP. Moreover, key DEGs in starch and sucrose metabolism (SUS, SUC, and INV), carotenoid synthesis (PSY2 and BCH1), ascorbic acid biosynthesis (VTC2, AAO, and GME), abscisic acid (ABA) signaling (NCED3, ABA2, AO4, and PYL2/4), and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis (PAL and DFR) are important for the adaptation of 65-DAP fruits to LBF. Our results provide new candidate genes for improving quality traits of low-light adaptation of capsicum in protected cropping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin He
- National Vegetable Protected Cropping Centre, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Celymar A. Solis
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Sachin G. Chavan
- National Vegetable Protected Cropping Centre, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Chelsea Maier
- National Vegetable Protected Cropping Centre, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Weiguang Liang
- National Vegetable Protected Cropping Centre, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Norbert Klause
- National Vegetable Protected Cropping Centre, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Oula Ghannoum
- National Vegetable Protected Cropping Centre, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Christopher I. Cazzonelli
- National Vegetable Protected Cropping Centre, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - David T. Tissue
- National Vegetable Protected Cropping Centre, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
- Global Centre for Land Based Innovation, Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW, Australia
| | - Zhong-Hua Chen
- National Vegetable Protected Cropping Centre, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
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Petrík P, Petek-Petrik A, Mukarram M, Schuldt B, Lamarque LJ. Leaf physiological and morphological constraints of water-use efficiency in C 3 plants. AOB PLANTS 2023; 15:plad047. [PMID: 37560762 PMCID: PMC10407996 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plad047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
The increasing evaporative demand due to climate change will significantly affect the balance of carbon assimilation and water losses of plants worldwide. The development of crop varieties with improved water-use efficiency (WUE) will be critical for adapting agricultural strategies under predicted future climates. This review aims to summarize the most important leaf morpho-physiological constraints of WUE in C3 plants and identify gaps in knowledge. From the carbon gain side of the WUE, the discussed parameters are mesophyll conductance, carboxylation efficiency and respiratory losses. The traits and parameters affecting the waterside of WUE balance discussed in this review are stomatal size and density, stomatal control and residual water losses (cuticular and bark conductance), nocturnal conductance and leaf hydraulic conductance. In addition, we discussed the impact of leaf anatomy and crown architecture on both the carbon gain and water loss components of WUE. There are multiple possible targets for future development in understanding sources of WUE variability in plants. We identified residual water losses and respiratory carbon losses as the greatest knowledge gaps of whole-plant WUE assessments. Moreover, the impact of trichomes, leaf hydraulic conductance and canopy structure on plants' WUE is still not well understood. The development of a multi-trait approach is urgently needed for a better understanding of WUE dynamics and optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Petrík
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research-Atmospheric Environmental Research (IMK-IFU), Kreuzeckbahnstraße 19, 82467 Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | - Anja Petek-Petrik
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Lidická 971, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Mohammad Mukarram
- Department of Phytology, Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, T.G. Masaryka 24, 960 01 Zvolen, Slovakia
| | - Bernhard Schuldt
- Chair of Forest Botany, Institute of Forest Botany and Forest Zoology, Technical University of Dresden (TUD), Pienner Str. 7, 01737 Tharandt, Germany
| | - Laurent J Lamarque
- Département des Sciences de l’environnement, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC G8Z 4M3, Canada
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Siddiqui Z, Hagare D, Liu MH, Panatta O, Hussain T, Memon S, Noorani A, Chen ZH. A Food Waste-Derived Organic Liquid Fertiliser for Sustainable Hydroponic Cultivation of Lettuce, Cucumber and Cherry Tomato. Foods 2023; 12:foods12040719. [PMID: 36832794 PMCID: PMC9956311 DOI: 10.3390/foods12040719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously reported a sustainable food waste management approach to produce an acceptable organic liquid fertiliser for recycling food waste called "FoodLift." This study follows our previous work to evaluate the macronutrients and cation concentrations in harvested structural parts of lettuce, cucumber, and cherry tomatoes produced using food waste-derived liquid fertiliser (FoodLift) and compare them against commercial liquid fertiliser (CLF) under hydroponic conditions. N and P concentrations in the structural parts of lettuce and the fruit and plant structural parts of cucumber appear to be similar between FoodLift and CLF (p > 0.05), with significantly different N concentrations in the various parts of cherry tomato plants (p < 0.05). For lettuce, N and P content varied from 50 to 260 g/kg and 11 to 88 g/kg, respectively. For cucumber and cherry tomato plants, N and P concentrations ranged from 1 to 36 g/kg and 4 to 33 g/kg, respectively. FoodLift was not effective as a nutrient source for growing cherry tomatoes. Moreover, the cation (K, Ca, and Mg) concentrations appear to significantly differ between FoodLift and CLF grown plants (p < 0.05). For example, for cucumber, Ca content varied from 2 to 18 g/kg for FoodLift grown plants while Ca in CLF-grown cucumber plants ranged from 2 to 28 g/kg. Overall, as suggested in our previous work, FoodLift has the potential to replace CLF in hydroponic systems for lettuce and cucumber. This will lead to sustainable food production, recycling of food waste to produce liquid fertiliser, and will promote a circular economy in nutrient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuhaib Siddiqui
- School of Engineering, Design and Built Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Dharmappa Hagare
- School of Engineering, Design and Built Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Min-Hang Liu
- School of Engineering, Design and Built Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Orousa Panatta
- School of Engineering, Design and Built Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Tanveer Hussain
- School of Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, Agriculture, Business and Law, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2350, Australia
| | - Sheeraz Memon
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro 76062, Pakistan
| | - Amber Noorani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi 75510, Pakistan
| | - Zhong-Hua Chen
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW 2753, Australia
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He X, Chavan SG, Hamoui Z, Maier C, Ghannoum O, Chen ZH, Tissue DT, Cazzonelli CI. Smart Glass Film Reduced Ascorbic Acid in Red and Orange Capsicum Fruit Cultivars without Impacting Shelf Life. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:985. [PMID: 35406965 PMCID: PMC9003265 DOI: 10.3390/plants11070985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Smart Glass Film (SGF) is a glasshouse covering material designed to permit 80% transmission of photosynthetically active light and block heat-generating solar energy. SGF can reduce crop water and nutrient consumption and improve glasshouse energy use efficiency yet can reduce crop yield. The effect of SGF on the postharvest shelf life of fruits remains unknown. Two capsicum varieties, Red (Gina) and Orange (O06614), were cultivated within a glasshouse covered in SGF to assess fruit quality and shelf life during the winter season. SGF reduced cuticle thickness in the Red cultivar (5%) and decreased ascorbic acid in both cultivars (9-14%) without altering the overall morphology of the mature fruits. The ratio of total soluble solids (TSSs) to titratable acidity (TA) was significantly higher in Red (29%) and Orange (89%) cultivars grown under SGF. The Red fruits had a thicker cuticle that reduced water loss and extended shelf life when compared to the Orange fruits, yet neither water loss nor firmness were impacted by SGF. Reducing the storage temperature to 2 °C and increasing relative humidity to 90% extended the shelf life in both cultivars without evidence of chilling injury. In summary, SGF had minimal impact on fruit development and postharvest traits and did not compromise the shelf life of mature fruits. SGF provides a promising technology to block heat-generating solar radiation energy without affecting fruit ripening and marketable quality of capsicum fruits grown during the winter season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin He
- National Vegetable Protected Cropping Centre, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia; (X.H.); (S.G.C.); (C.M.); (O.G.); (Z.-H.C.); (D.T.T.)
| | - Sachin G. Chavan
- National Vegetable Protected Cropping Centre, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia; (X.H.); (S.G.C.); (C.M.); (O.G.); (Z.-H.C.); (D.T.T.)
| | - Ziad Hamoui
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia;
| | - Chelsea Maier
- National Vegetable Protected Cropping Centre, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia; (X.H.); (S.G.C.); (C.M.); (O.G.); (Z.-H.C.); (D.T.T.)
| | - Oula Ghannoum
- National Vegetable Protected Cropping Centre, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia; (X.H.); (S.G.C.); (C.M.); (O.G.); (Z.-H.C.); (D.T.T.)
| | - Zhong-Hua Chen
- National Vegetable Protected Cropping Centre, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia; (X.H.); (S.G.C.); (C.M.); (O.G.); (Z.-H.C.); (D.T.T.)
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia;
| | - David T. Tissue
- National Vegetable Protected Cropping Centre, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia; (X.H.); (S.G.C.); (C.M.); (O.G.); (Z.-H.C.); (D.T.T.)
- Global Centre for Land Based Innovation, Western Sydney University, Hawkesbury Campus, Richmond, NSW 2753, Australia
| | - Christopher I. Cazzonelli
- National Vegetable Protected Cropping Centre, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia; (X.H.); (S.G.C.); (C.M.); (O.G.); (Z.-H.C.); (D.T.T.)
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