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Thanthrige N, Weston-Olliver G, Das Bhowmik S, Friedl J, Rowlings D, Kabbage M, Ferguson BJ, Mundree S, Williams B. The cytoprotective co-chaperone, AtBAG4, supports increased nodulation and seed protein content in chickpea without yield penalty. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18553. [PMID: 37899486 PMCID: PMC10613627 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45771-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Drought and extreme temperatures significantly limit chickpea productivity worldwide. The regulation of plant programmed cell death pathways is emerging as a key component of plant stress responses to maintain homeostasis at the cellular-level and a potential target for crop improvement against environmental stresses. Arabidopsis thaliana Bcl-2 associated athanogene 4 (AtBAG4) is a cytoprotective co-chaperone that is linked to plant responses to environmental stress. Here, we investigate whether exogenous expression of AtBAG4 impacts nodulation and nitrogen fixation. Transgenic chickpea lines expressing AtBAG4 are more drought tolerant and produce higher yields under drought stress. Furthermore, AtBAG4 expression supports higher nodulation, photosynthetic levels, nitrogen fixation and seed nitrogen content under well-watered conditions when the plants were inoculated with Mesorhizobium ciceri. Together, our findings illustrate the potential use of cytoprotective chaperones to improve crop performance at least in the greenhouse in future uncertain climates with little to no risk to yield under well-watered and water-deficient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nipuni Thanthrige
- Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Grace Weston-Olliver
- Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Sudipta Das Bhowmik
- Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Johannes Friedl
- Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, Institute of Soil Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - David Rowlings
- Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Mehdi Kabbage
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Brett J Ferguson
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Sagadevan Mundree
- Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Brett Williams
- Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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2
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Álvarez C, Jiménez-Ríos L, Iniesta-Pallarés M, Jurado-Flores A, Molina-Heredia FP, Ng CKY, Mariscal V. Symbiosis between cyanobacteria and plants: from molecular studies to agronomic applications. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:6145-6157. [PMID: 37422707 PMCID: PMC10575698 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria from the order Nostocales are able to establish symbiotic relationships with diverse plant species. They are promiscuous symbionts, as the same strain of cyanobacterium is able to form symbiotic biological nitrogen-fixing relationships with different plants species. This review will focus on the different types of cyanobacterial-plant associations, both endophytic and epiphytic, and provide insights from a structural viewpoint, as well as our current understanding of the mechanisms involved in the symbiotic crosstalk. In all these symbioses, the benefit for the plant is clear; it obtains from the cyanobacterium fixed nitrogen and other bioactive compounds, such as phytohormones, polysaccharides, siderophores, or vitamins, leading to enhanced plant growth and productivity. Additionally, there is increasing use of different cyanobacterial species as bio-inoculants for biological nitrogen fixation to improve soil fertility and crop production, thus providing an eco-friendly, alternative, and sustainable approach to reduce the over-reliance on synthetic chemical fertilizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Consolación Álvarez
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad de Sevilla, Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Lucía Jiménez-Ríos
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad de Sevilla, Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Macarena Iniesta-Pallarés
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad de Sevilla, Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ana Jurado-Flores
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad de Sevilla, Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Fernando P Molina-Heredia
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad de Sevilla, Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Carl K Y Ng
- UCD School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
- UCD Centre for Plant Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
- UCD Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Vicente Mariscal
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad de Sevilla, Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
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3
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Yuan S, Ke D, Liu B, Zhang M, Li X, Chen H, Zhang C, Huang Y, Sun S, Shen J, Yang S, Zhou S, Leng P, Guan Y, Zhou X. The Bax inhibitor GmBI-1α interacts with a Nod factor receptor and plays a dual role in the legume-rhizobia symbiosis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:5820-5839. [PMID: 37470327 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
The gene networks surrounding Nod factor receptors that govern the symbiotic process between legumes and rhizobia remain largely unexplored. Here, we identify 13 novel GmNFR1α-associated proteins by yeast two-hybrid screening, and describe a potential interacting protein, GmBI-1α. GmBI-1α had the highest positive correlation with GmNFR1α in a co-expression network analysis, and its expression at the mRNA level in roots was enhanced by rhizobial infection. Moreover, GmBI-1α-GmNFR1α interaction was shown to occur in vitro and in vivo. The GmBI-1α protein was localized to multiple subcellular locations, including the endoplasmic reticulum and plasma membrane. Overexpression of GmBI-1α increased the nodule number in transgenic hairy roots or transgenic soybean, whereas down-regulation of GmBI-1α transcripts by RNA interference reduced the nodule number. In addition, the nodules in GmBI-1α-overexpressing plants became smaller in size and infected area with reduced nitrogenase activity. In GmBI-1α-overexpressing transgenic soybean, the elevated GmBI-1α also promoted plant growth and suppressed the expression of defense signaling-related genes. Infection thread analysis of GmBI-1α-overexpressing plants showed that GmBI-1α promoted rhizobial infection. Collectively, our findings support a GmNFR1α-associated protein in the Nod factor signaling pathway and shed new light on the regulatory mechanism of GmNFR1α in rhizobial symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songli Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Danxia Ke
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, 350002, China
- College of Life Sciences and Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, China
| | - Bo Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Mengke Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Xiangyong Li
- College of Life Sciences and Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, China
| | - Haifeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Chanjuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Shuai Sun
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Jiafang Shen
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Shuqi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Shunxin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Piao Leng
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Yuefeng Guan
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Xinan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China
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4
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Nguyen CX, Dohnalkova A, Hancock CN, Kirk KR, Stacey G, Stacey MG. Critical role for uricase and xanthine dehydrogenase in soybean nitrogen fixation and nodule development. THE PLANT GENOME 2023; 16:e20171. [PMID: 34904377 DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
De novo purine biosynthesis is required for the incorporation of fixed nitrogen in ureide exporting nodules, as formed on soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] roots. However, in many cases, the enzymes involved in this pathway have been deduced strictly from genome annotations with little direct genetic evidence, such as mutant studies, to confirm their biochemical function or importance to nodule development. While efforts to develop large mutant collections of soybean are underway, research on this plant is still hampered by the inability to obtain mutations in any specific gene of interest. Using a forward genetic approach, as well as CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing via Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated hairy root transformation, we identified and characterized the role of GmUOX (Uricase) and GmXDH (Xanthine Dehydrogenase) in nitrogen fixation and nodule development in soybean. The gmuox knockout soybean mutants displayed nitrogen deficiency chlorosis and early nodule senescence, as exemplified by the reduced nitrogenase (acetylene reduction) activity in nodules, the internal greenish-white internal appearance of nodules, and diminished leghemoglobin production. In addition, gmuox1 nodules showed collapsed infected cells with degraded cytoplasm, aggregated bacteroids with no discernable symbiosome membranes, and increased formation of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate granules. Similarly, knockout gmxdh mutant nodules, generated with the CRISPR/Cas9 system, also exhibited early nodule senescence. These genetic studies confirm the critical role of the de novo purine metabolisms pathway not only in the incorporation of fixed nitrogen but also in the successful development of a functional, nitrogen-fixing nodule. Furthermore, these studies demonstrate the great utility of the CRISPR/Cas9 system for studying root-associated gene traits when coupled with hairy root transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuong X Nguyen
- Division of Plant Sciences, Univ. of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Alice Dohnalkova
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - C Nathan Hancock
- Dep. of Biology & Geology, Univ. of South Carolina, Aiken, SC, 29801, USA
| | - Kendall R Kirk
- Edisto Research & Education Center, Clemson Univ., Blackville, SC, 29817, USA
| | - Gary Stacey
- Division of Plant Sciences, Univ. of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- Division of Biochemistry, Univ. of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Minviluz G Stacey
- Division of Plant Sciences, Univ. of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
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5
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You J, Li D, Yang L, Dossou SSK, Zhou R, Zhang Y, Wang L. CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Efficient Targeted Mutagenesis in Sesame ( Sesamum indicum L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:935825. [PMID: 35898225 PMCID: PMC9309882 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.935825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) system has been widely utilized for targeted genome modification in a wide range of species. It is a powerful genome editing technology, providing significant benefits for gene functional research and molecular breeding. However, to date, no study has applied this genome editing tool to sesame (Sesamum indicum L.), one of the most ancient and important oil crops used widely in diverse industries such as food and medicine. Herein, the CRISPR/Cas9 system along with hairy root transformation was used to induce targeted mutagenesis in sesame. Two single guide RNAs (sgRNAs) were designed to target two sesame cytochrome P450 genes (CYP81Q1 and CYP92B14), which are the key biosynthetic gene of sesamin and sesamolin, respectively. Sequencing data illustrated the expected InDel mutations at the target sites, with 90.63 and 93.33% mutation frequency in CYP81Q1 and CYP92B14, respectively. The most common editing event was single nucleotide deletion and insertion. Sequencing of potential off-target sites of CYP92B14-sgRNA showed no off-target events in cases of three mismatches. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis showed that sesamin and sesamolin biosynthesis was effectively disrupted in the mutated hairy roots, confirming the crucial role of CYP81Q1 and CYP92B14 in sesame lignan biosynthesis. These results demonstrated that targeted mutagenesis was efficiently created by the CRISPR/Cas9 system, and CRISPR/Cas9 coupled with hairy root transformation is an effective tool for assessing gene functions in sesame.
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6
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Qing Y, Zheng Y, Mlotshwa S, Smith HN, Wang X, Zhai X, van der Knaap E, Wang Y, Fei Z. Dynamically expressed small RNAs, substantially driven by genomic structural variants, contribute to transcriptomic changes during tomato domestication. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 110:1536-1550. [PMID: 35514123 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Tomato has undergone extensive selections during domestication. Recent progress has shown that genomic structural variants (SVs) have contributed to gene expression dynamics during tomato domestication, resulting in changes of important traits. Here, we performed comprehensive analyses of small RNAs (sRNAs) from nine representative tomato accessions. We demonstrate that SVs substantially contribute to the dynamic expression of the three major classes of plant sRNAs: microRNAs (miRNAs), phased secondary short interfering RNAs (phasiRNAs), and 24-nucleotide heterochromatic siRNAs (hc-siRNAs). Changes in the abundance of phasiRNAs and 24-nucleotide hc-siRNAs likely contribute to the alteration of mRNA gene expression in cis during tomato domestication, particularly for genes associated with biotic and abiotic stress tolerance. We also observe that miRNA expression dynamics are associated with imprecise processing, alternative miRNA-miRNA* selections, and SVs. SVs mainly affect the expression of less-conserved miRNAs that do not have established regulatory functions or low abundant members in highly expressed miRNA families. Our data highlight different selection pressures on miRNAs compared to phasiRNAs and 24-nucleotide hc-siRNAs. Our findings provide insights into plant sRNA evolution as well as SV-based gene regulation during crop domestication. Furthermore, our dataset provides a rich resource for mining the sRNA regulatory network in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Qing
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
- Bioinformatics Center, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
- Bioinformatics Center, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | | | - Heather N Smith
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, 39759, USA
| | - Xin Wang
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Xuyang Zhai
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
- Bioinformatics Center, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Esther van der Knaap
- Center for Applied Genetic Technologies, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
- Institute for Plant Breeding, Genetics and Genomics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
- Department of Horticulture, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, 39759, USA
| | - Zhangjun Fei
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- USDA-ARS, Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
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7
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Belton S, Lamari N, Jermiin LS, Mariscal V, Flores E, McCabe PF, Ng CKY. Genetic and lipidomic analyses suggest that Nostoc punctiforme, a plant-symbiotic cyanobacterium, does not produce sphingolipids. Access Microbiol 2022; 4:000306. [PMID: 35252750 PMCID: PMC8895605 DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids, a class of amino-alcohol-based lipids, are well characterized in eukaryotes and in some anaerobic bacteria. However, the only sphingolipids so far identified in cyanobacteria are two ceramides (i.e., an acetylsphingomyelin and a cerebroside), both based on unbranched, long-chain base (LCB) sphingolipids in Scytonema julianum and Moorea producens, respectively. The first step in de novo sphingolipid biosynthesis is the condensation of l-serine with palmitoyl-CoA to produce 3-keto-diyhydrosphingosine (KDS). This reaction is catalyzed by serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT), which belongs to a small family of pyridoxal phosphate-dependent α-oxoamine synthase (AOS) enzymes. Based on sequence similarity to molecularly characterized bacterial SPT peptides, we identified a putative SPT (Npun_R3567) from the model nitrogen-fixing, plant-symbiotic cyanobacterium, Nostoc punctiforme strain PCC 73102 (ATCC 29133). Gene expression analysis revealed that Npun_R3567 is induced during late-stage diazotrophic growth in N. punctiforme. However, Npun_R3567 could not produce the SPT reaction product, 3-keto-diyhydrosphingosine (KDS), when heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli. This agreed with a sphingolipidomic analysis of N. punctiforme cells, which revealed that no LCBs or ceramides were present. To gain a better understanding of Npun_R3567, we inferred the phylogenetic position of Npun_R3567 relative to other bacterial AOS peptides. Rather than clustering with other bacterial SPTs, Npun_R3567 and the other cyanobacterial BioF homologues formed a separate, monophyletic group. Given that N. punctiforme does not appear to possess any other gene encoding an AOS enzyme, it is altogether unlikely that N. punctiforme is capable of synthesizing sphingolipids. In the context of cross-kingdom symbiosis signalling in which sphingolipids are emerging as important regulators, it appears unlikely that sphingolipids from N. punctiforme play a regulatory role during its symbiotic association with plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Belton
- UCD School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin D4, Ireland
- Present address: DBN Plant Molecular Biology Lab, National Botanic Gardens of Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nadia Lamari
- Present address: Philip Morris International, Quai Jeanrenaud 3, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
- UCD Earth Institute, O’Brien Centre for Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin D4, Ireland
- UCD School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin D4, Ireland
| | - Lars S. Jermiin
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
- UCD Earth Institute, O’Brien Centre for Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin D4, Ireland
- UCD School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin D4, Ireland
| | - Vicente Mariscal
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad de Sevilla, cicCartuja, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Seville, Spain
| | - Enrique Flores
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad de Sevilla, cicCartuja, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Seville, Spain
| | - Paul F. McCabe
- UCD Earth Institute, O’Brien Centre for Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin D4, Ireland
- UCD Centre for Plant Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin D4, Ireland
- UCD School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin D4, Ireland
| | - Carl K. Y. Ng
- UCD Earth Institute, O’Brien Centre for Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin D4, Ireland
- UCD School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin D4, Ireland
- UCD Centre for Plant Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin D4, Ireland
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8
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Rae AE, Rolland V, White RG, Mathesius U. New methods for confocal imaging of infection threads in crop and model legumes. PLANT METHODS 2021; 17:24. [PMID: 33678177 PMCID: PMC7938587 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-021-00725-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The formation of infection threads in the symbiotic infection of rhizobacteria in legumes is a unique, fascinating, and poorly understood process. Infection threads are tubes of cell wall material that transport rhizobacteria from root hair cells to developing nodules in host roots. They form in a type of reverse tip-growth from an inversion of the root hair cell wall, but the mechanism driving this growth is unknown, and the composition of the thread wall remains unclear. High resolution, 3-dimensional imaging of infection threads, and cell wall component specific labelling, would greatly aid in our understanding of the nature and development of these structures. To date, such imaging has not been done, with infection threads typically imaged by GFP-tagged rhizobia within them, or histochemically in thin sections. RESULTS We have developed new methods of imaging infection threads using novel and traditional cell wall fluorescent labels, and laser confocal scanning microscopy. We applied a new Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) stain using rhodamine-123 to the labelling of whole cleared infected roots of Medicago truncatula; which allowed for imaging of infection threads in greater 3D detail than had previously been achieved. By the combination of the above method and a calcofluor-white counter-stain, we also succeeded in labelling infection threads and plant cell walls separately, and have potentially discovered a way in which the infection thread matrix can be visualized. CONCLUSIONS Our methods have made the imaging and study of infection threads more effective and informative, and present exciting new opportunities for future research in the area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angus E Rae
- Department of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia.
| | - Vivien Rolland
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, GPO Box 1700, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Rosemary G White
- Department of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Ulrike Mathesius
- Department of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia.
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9
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Wang B, Zhang M, Zhang J, Huang L, Chen X, Jiang M, Tan M. Profiling of rice Cd-tolerant genes through yeast-based cDNA library survival screening. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 155:429-436. [PMID: 32814279 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The bioaccumulation of cadmium (Cd) in crop and the subsequent food chain has aroused extensive concerns. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of plant Cd tolerance remain to be clarified from the viewpoint of novel candidate genes. Here we described a highly efficient approach for preliminary identifying rice Cd-tolerant genes through the yeast-based cDNA library survival screening combined with high-throughput sequencing strategy. About 690 gene isoforms were identified as being Cd-tolerant candidates using this shotgun approach. Among the Cd-tolerant genes identified, several categories of genes such as BAX inhibitor (BI), NAC transcription factors and Rapid ALkalinization Factors (RALFs) were of particular interest, and their function of Cd tolerance was further validated via heterologous expression, which suggested that SNAC1, RALF12, OsBI-1 can confer Cd tolerance in yeast and tobacco leaves. Regarding the genes involved in ion transport, the validated Cd-tolerant heavy metal-associated domain (HMAD) isoprenylated protein HIPP42 was particularly noteworthy. Further elucidation of these genes associated with Cd tolerance in rice will benefit agricultural activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoxiang Wang
- Lianyungang Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Jiangsu Xuhuai Region, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lianyungang, China.
| | - Manman Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Jie Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Liping Huang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China.
| | - Xi Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Mingyi Jiang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Mingpu Tan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
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Khan MS, Akther T, Mubarak Ali D, Hemalatha S. An investigation on the role of salicylic acid alleviate the saline stress in rice crop (Oryza sativa (L)). BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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