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Batlla D, Malavert C, Farnocchia RBF, Footitt S, Benech-Arnold RL, Finch-Savage WE. A quantitative analysis of temperature-dependent seasonal dormancy cycling in buried Arabidopsis thaliana seeds can predict seedling emergence in a global warming scenario. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:2454-2468. [PMID: 35106531 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how the environment regulates seed-bank dormancy changes is essential for forecasting seedling emergence in actual and future climatic scenarios, and to interpret studies of dormancy mechanisms at physiological and molecular levels. Here, we used a population threshold modelling approach to analyse dormancy changes through variations in the thermal range permissive for germination in buried seeds of Arabidopsis thaliana Cvi, a winter annual ecotype. Results showed that changes in dormancy level were mainly associated with variations in the higher limit of the thermal range permissive for germination. Changes in this limit were positively related to soil temperature during dormancy release and induction, and could be predicted using thermal time. From this, we developed a temperature-driven simulation to predict the fraction of the seed bank able to germinate in a realistic global warming scenario that approximated seedling emergence timing. Simulations predicted, in accordance with seedling emergence observed in the field, an increase in the fraction of the seed bank able to emerge as a result of global warming. In addition, our results suggest that buried seeds perceive changes in the variability of the mean daily soil temperature as the signal to change between dormancy release and induction according to the seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Batlla
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Agronomía, Departamento de Producción Vegetal, Cátedra de Cerealicultura, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Fisiología y Ecología Vinculado a la Agricultura, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IFEVA-CONICET), Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cristian Malavert
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Agronomía, Departamento de Producción Vegetal, Cátedra de Cultivos Industriales, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Fisiología y Ecología Vinculado a la Agricultura, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IFEVA-CONICET), Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rocío Belén Fernández Farnocchia
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Agronomía, Departamento de Producción Vegetal, Cátedra de Cultivos Industriales, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Fisiología y Ecología Vinculado a la Agricultura, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IFEVA-CONICET), Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Steven Footitt
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Boğaziçi University, Bebek, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Roberto Luis Benech-Arnold
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Agronomía, Departamento de Producción Vegetal, Cátedra de Cultivos Industriales, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Fisiología y Ecología Vinculado a la Agricultura, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IFEVA-CONICET), Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - William E Finch-Savage
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Wellesbourne Campus, Warwickshire CV35 9EF, UK
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Fernández Farnocchia RB, Benech-Arnold RL, Mantese A, Batlla D. Optimization of timing of next-generation emergence in Amaranthus hybridus is determined via modulation of seed dormancy by the maternal environment. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:4283-4297. [PMID: 33822944 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The timing of emergence of weed species has critical ecological and agronomical implications. In several species, emergence patterns largely depend on the level of dormancy of the seedbank, which is modulated by specific environmental factors. In addition, environmental conditions during seed maturation on the mother plant can have marked effects on the dormancy level at the time of seed dispersal. Hence, the maternal environment has been suggested to affect seedbank dormancy dynamics and subsequent emergence; however, this modulation has not been adequately examined under field conditions, and the mechanisms involved are only partly understood. Combining laboratory and field experiments with population-based models, we investigated how dormancy level and emergence in the field are affected by the sowing date and photoperiod experienced by the mother plant in Amaranthus hybridus, a troublesome weed worldwide. The results showed that an earlier sowing date and a longer photoperiod enhanced the level of dormancy by increasing the dormancy imposed by both the embryo and the seed coat. However, this did not affect the timing and extent of emergence in the field; on the contrary, the variations in dormancy level contributed to synchronizing the emergence of the next generation of plants with the time period that maximized population fitness. Our results largely correspond with effects previously observed in other species such as Polygonum aviculare and Arabidopsis, suggesting a common effect exists within different species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocio Belen Fernández Farnocchia
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Agronomía, Departamento de Producción Vegetal, Cátedra de Cultivos Industriales, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Fisiología y Ecología Vinculado a la Agricultura, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IFEVA-CONICET), Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Roberto Luis Benech-Arnold
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Agronomía, Departamento de Producción Vegetal, Cátedra de Cultivos Industriales, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Fisiología y Ecología Vinculado a la Agricultura, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IFEVA-CONICET), Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Anita Mantese
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Agronomía, Departamento de Recursos Naturales y Ambiente, Cátedra de Botánica General, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego Batlla
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Agronomía, Departamento de Producción Vegetal, Cátedra de Cerealicultura, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Fisiología y Ecología Vinculado a la Agricultura, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IFEVA-CONICET), Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Nakabayashi K, Leubner-Metzger G. Seed dormancy and weed emergence: from simulating environmental change to understanding trait plasticity, adaptive evolution, and population fitness. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:4181-4185. [PMID: 34048571 PMCID: PMC8163051 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This article comments on: Fernández Farnocchia RB, Benech-Arnold RL, Mantese A, Batlla D. 2021. Optimization of timing of next-generation emergence in Amaranthus hybridus is determined via modulation of seed dormancy by the maternal environment. Journal of Experimental Botany 72, 4283–4297.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazumi Nakabayashi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Gerhard Leubner-Metzger
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, UK
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Hernández F, Vercellino RB, Fanna I, Presotto A. Maternal control of early life history traits affects overwinter survival and seedling phenotypes in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2021; 23:307-316. [PMID: 33222359 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
When cultivated and wild plants hybridize, hybrids often show intermediate phenotypic traits relative to their parents, which makes them unfit in natural environments. However, maternal genetic effects may affect the outcome of hybridization by controlling expression of the earliest life history traits. Here, using wild, cultivated and reciprocal crop-wild sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) hybrids, we evaluated the maternal effects on emergence timing and seedling establishment in the field and on seedling traits under controlled conditions. In the field, we evaluated reciprocal crop-wild hybrids between two wild populations with contrasting dormancy (the high dormant BAR and the low dormant DIA) and one cultivar (CROP) with low dormancy. Under controlled conditions, we evaluated reciprocal crop-wild hybrids between two wild populations (BAR and RCU) and one CROP under three contrasting temperature treatments. In the field, BAR overwintered as dormant seeds whereas DIA and CROP showed high autumn emergence (~50% of planted seeds), resulting in differential overwinter survival and seedling establishment in the spring. Reciprocal crop-wild hybrids resembled their female parents in emergence timing and success of seedling establishment. Under controlled conditions, we observed large maternal effects on most seedling traits across temperatures. Cotyledon size explained most of the variation in seedling traits, suggesting that the maternal effects on seed size have cascading effects on seedling traits. Maternal effects on early life history traits affect early plant survival and phenotypic variation of crop-wild hybrids, thus, they should be addressed in hybridization studies, especially those involving highly divergent parents, such as cultivated species and their wild ancestors.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Hernández
- CERZOS, Dpto. Agronomía, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)-CONICET, San Andrés 800, CP, 8000, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - R B Vercellino
- CERZOS, Dpto. Agronomía, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)-CONICET, San Andrés 800, CP, 8000, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - I Fanna
- CERZOS, Dpto. Agronomía, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)-CONICET, San Andrés 800, CP, 8000, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - A Presotto
- CERZOS, Dpto. Agronomía, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)-CONICET, San Andrés 800, CP, 8000, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
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Klupczyńska EA, Pawłowski TA. Regulation of Seed Dormancy and Germination Mechanisms in a Changing Environment. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1357. [PMID: 33572974 PMCID: PMC7866424 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental conditions are the basis of plant reproduction and are the critical factors controlling seed dormancy and germination. Global climate change is currently affecting environmental conditions and changing the reproduction of plants from seeds. Disturbances in germination will cause disturbances in the diversity of plant communities. Models developed for climate change scenarios show that some species will face a significant decrease in suitable habitat area. Dormancy is an adaptive mechanism that affects the probability of survival of a species. The ability of seeds of many plant species to survive until dormancy recedes and meet the requirements for germination is an adaptive strategy that can act as a buffer against the negative effects of environmental heterogeneity. The influence of temperature and humidity on seed dormancy status underlines the need to understand how changing environmental conditions will affect seed germination patterns. Knowledge of these processes is important for understanding plant evolution and adaptation to changes in the habitat. The network of genes controlling seed dormancy under the influence of environmental conditions is not fully characterized. Integrating research techniques from different disciplines of biology could aid understanding of the mechanisms of the processes controlling seed germination. Transcriptomics, proteomics, epigenetics, and other fields provide researchers with new opportunities to understand the many processes of plant life. This paper focuses on presenting the adaptation mechanism of seed dormancy and germination to the various environments, with emphasis on their prospective roles in adaptation to the changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tomasz A. Pawłowski
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035 Kórnik, Poland;
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Batlla D, Ghersa CM, Benech-Arnold RL. Dormancy, a critical trait for weed success in crop production systems. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2020; 76:1189-1194. [PMID: 31800163 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural practices exert selective forces on weed populations. As these practices change over time, weed adaptive traits also evolve, allowing weeds to persist in the new environment. However, only weeds having individuals showing the trait with adaptive significance will be able to cope with these changes, thus allowing a sub-population to be selected for persistence. In addition, changes in agricultural practices can select new weed species showing functional traits with characteristics adaptive to the modified system. Seed dormancy has long been recognized as a trait with enormous adaptive value to adjust weed biology to cropping systems. In this paper, we illustrate with examples of success and failure, the value of seed dormancy as a functional trait to cope with long-term changes in crop production systems. We show that successful outcomes are mostly related to the existence of sufficient variability for the functioning of physiological mechanisms that control dormancy characteristics as influenced by the agricultural environment. Presented examples illustrate how knowledge about the relationship that exists between agricultural practices and their selective pressure on seed dormancy can be instrumental in predicting changes in weed biotype dormancy characteristics or foreseeing the appearance of new weed species in future agricultural scenarios. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Batlla
- Departamento de Producción Vegetal, Cátedra de Cerealicultura, Facultad de Agronomía de la Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- IFEVA, CONICET/Facultad de Agronomía de la Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudio M Ghersa
- IFEVA, CONICET/Facultad de Agronomía de la Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Biología Aplicada y Alimentos, Cátedra de Ecología, Facultad de Agronomía de la Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Roberto L Benech-Arnold
- IFEVA, CONICET/Facultad de Agronomía de la Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Producción Vegetal, Cátedra de Cultivos Industriales, Facultad de Agronomía de la Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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