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Fawaz R, Dagain A, Pons Y, Haen P, Froussart F, Caruhel JB. Head Face and Neck Surgeon Deployment in the New French Role 2: The Damage Control Resuscitation and Surgical Team. Mil Med 2023; 188:e2868-e2873. [PMID: 36308315 DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usac329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION High-intensity conflict is back after decades of asymmetric warfare. With the increase in the incidence of head, face, and neck (HFN) injuries, the French Medical Military Service has decided to deploy HFN surgeons in the new French Role 2: the Damage Control, Resuscitation, and Surgical Team (DCRST). This study aims to provide an overview of HFN French surgeons from their initial training, including the surgical skills required, to their deployment on the DCRST. MATERIALS AND METHODS The DCRST is a tactical mobile medico-surgical structure with several configurations depending on the battlefield, mission, and flux of casualties. It represents the new French paradigm for the management of combat casualties, including HFN injuries. RESULTS The HFN's military surgeon training starts during residency with rotation in the different subspecialties. The HFN surgeon follows a training course called "The French Course for Deployment Surgery" that provides sufficient background to manage polytrauma, including HFN facilities on modern warfare. We have reviewed the main surgical procedures required for an HFN military surgeon. CONCLUSION The systematic deployment of HFN surgeons in Role 2 is a specificity of the French army as well as the HFN surgeon's training.Currently, the feedback from an asymmetric conflict is encouraging. However, it will have to innovate to adapt to modern warfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayan Fawaz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Percy Military Teaching Hospital, Clamart Cedex 92140, France
| | - Arnaud Dagain
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte Anne Military Teaching Hospital, Toulon Cedex 83000, France
| | - Yoann Pons
- Department of ENT and Maxillo Facial Surgery, Percy Military Teaching Hospital, Clamart Cedex 92140, France
| | - Pierre Haen
- Department of Maxillo Facial Surgery, Laveran Military Teaching Hospital, Marseille Cedex 13384, France
| | - Françoise Froussart
- Department of Ophthalmology, Percy Military Teaching Hospital, Clamart Cedex 92140, France
| | - Jean Baptiste Caruhel
- Department of ENT and Maxillo Facial Surgery, Percy Military Teaching Hospital, Clamart Cedex 92140, France
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Borg TM, Cavale N, Abu-Sittah G, Ghanem A. Plastic and Maxillofacial Training for War-Zones - A Systematic Review. Craniomaxillofac Trauma Reconstr 2023; 16:154-162. [PMID: 37222978 PMCID: PMC10201192 DOI: 10.1177/19433875221083416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Study Design Injuries sustained in war-zones are variable and constantly developing according to the nature of the ongoing conflict. Soft tissue involvement of the extremities, head and neck often necessitates reconstructive expertise. However, current training to manage injuries in such settings is heterogenous. This study involves a systematic review. Objective To evaluate interventions in place to train Plastic and Maxillofacial surgeons for war-zone environments so that limitations to current training can be addressed. Methods A literature search of Medline and EMBase was performed using terms relevant to Plastic and Maxillofacial surgery training and war-zone environments. Articles that met the inclusion criteria were scored then educational interventions described in included literature were categorised according to their length, delivery style and training environment. Between-group ANOVA was performed to compare training strategies. Results 2055 citations were identified through this literature search. Thirty-three studies were included in this analysis. The highest scoring interventions were over an extended time-frame with an action-oriented training approach, using simulation or actual patients. Core competencies addressed by these strategies included technical and non-technical skills necessary when working in war-zone type settings. Conclusions Surgical rotations in trauma centers and areas of civil strife, together with didactic courses are valuable strategies to train surgeons for war-zones. These opportunities must be readily available globally and be targeted to the surgical needs of the local population, anticipating the types of combat injuries that often occur in these environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffanie-Marie Borg
- Academic Plastic Surgery Group, Barts and the London School of
Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London,
UK
- Department of Surgery, Queen’s Hospital, London, UK
| | | | | | - Ali Ghanem
- Academic Plastic Surgery Group, Barts and the London School of
Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London,
UK
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Choufani C, Barbier O, Mathieu L, de L'Escalopier N. Military Orthopedic Surgeons Are Not Just Traumatologists. Mil Med 2021; 187:1376-1380. [PMID: 34591093 DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usab400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Each French military orthopedic surgeon is both an orthopedic surgeon and a trauma surgeon. Their mission is to support the armed forces in France and on deployment. The aim of this study was to describe the type of orthopedic surgery performed for the armed forces in France. Our hypothesis was that scheduled surgery was more common than trauma surgery. METHODS We conducted a retrospective descriptive analysis of the surgical activity for military patients in the orthopedic surgery departments of the four French military platform hospitals. All surgical procedures performed during 2020 were collected. We divided the procedures into the following categories: heavy and light trauma, posttraumatic reconstruction surgery, sports surgery, degenerative surgery, and specialized surgery. Our primary endpoint was the number of procedures performed per category. RESULTS A total of 827 individuals underwent surgery, 91 of whom (11%) were medical returnees from deployment. The surgeries performed for the remaining 736 soldiers present in metropolitan France (89%) consisted of 181 (24.6%) trauma procedures (of which 86.7% were light trauma) and 555 (75.4%) scheduled surgery procedures (of which 60.8% were sports surgery). Among the medical returnees, there were 71 traumatology procedures (78%, of which 87.3% were light traumatology) and 20 procedures corresponding to surgery usually carried out on a scheduled basis (22%, of which 95% were sports surgery). CONCLUSION Military orthopedic surgeons are not just traumatologists; their activity for the armed forces is varied and mainly consists of so-called programmed interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Choufani
- Clinic of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Saint-Anne Military Teaching Hospital, Toulon 83000, France
| | - Olivier Barbier
- Clinic of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Saint-Anne Military Teaching Hospital, Toulon 83000, France.,French Military Health Service Academy, Ecole du Val-de-Grâce, Paris 75005, France
| | - Laurent Mathieu
- French Military Health Service Academy, Ecole du Val-de-Grâce, Paris 75005, France.,Clinic of Orthopedics, Traumatology and Reconstructive Surgery, Percy Military Teaching Hospital, Clamart 92140, France
| | - Nicolas de L'Escalopier
- Clinic of Orthopedics, Traumatology and Reconstructive Surgery, Percy Military Teaching Hospital, Clamart 92140, France
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Boudin L, de Lesquen H, Patient M, Romeo E, Rivière D, Cungi PJ, Savoie PH, Avaro JP, Dagain A, Bladé JS, Balandraud P, Bourgouin S. Role of Cancer Surgery in the Improvement of the Operative Skills of Military Surgeons During Deployment: A Single-Center Study. Mil Med 2021; 186:e469-e473. [PMID: 33135732 DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usaa327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The maintenance of military surgeons' operative skills is challenging. Different and specific training strategies have been implemented in this context; however, little has been evaluated with regard to their effectiveness. Cancer surgery is a part of military surgeons' activities in their home hospitals. This study aimed to assess the role of oncological surgery in the improvement of military surgeons' operative skills. METHODS Between January and June 2019, the surgical activities of the departments of visceral, ear, nose, and throat, urological, and thoracic surgery were retrospectively reviewed and assessed in terms of the operative time (OT). All surgeons working at the Sainte Anne Military Teaching Hospital were sent a survey to rate on a 5-point scale the current surgical practices on their usefulness in improving surgical skills required for treating war injuries during deployment (primary endpoint) and to compare on a 10-point visual analog scale the influence of cancer surgery and specific training on surgical fluency (secondary endpoint). RESULTS Over the study period, 2,571 hours of OT was analyzed. Oncological surgery represented 52.5% of the surgical activity and almost 1,350 hours of cumulative OT. Considering the primary endpoint, the mean rating allocated to cancer surgery was 4.53 ± 0.84, which was not statistically different than that allocated to trauma surgery (4.42 ± 1.02, P = 0.98) but higher than other surgery (2.47 ± 1.00, P < 0.001). Considering the secondary endpoint, cancer surgery was rated higher than specific training by all surgeons, without statistically significant difference (positive mean score of + 2.00; 95% IC: 0.85-3.14). CONCLUSION This study demonstrates the usefulness of cancer surgery in improving the operative skills of military surgeons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurys Boudin
- Department of Oncology and Haematology, Sainte Anne Military Hospital, Toulon 83000, Var, France
| | - Henri de Lesquen
- Department of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Sainte Anne Military Hospital, Toulon 83000, France
| | - Matthieu Patient
- Department of Oncology and Haematology, Sainte Anne Military Hospital, Toulon 83000, Var, France
| | - Emilie Romeo
- Department of Oncology and Haematology, Sainte Anne Military Hospital, Toulon 83000, Var, France
| | - Damien Rivière
- Head and Neck Surgery Department, Sainte Anne Military Hospital, Toulon 83000, France
| | - Pierre-Julien Cungi
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Sainte Anne Military Hospital, Toulon 83000, France
| | - Pierre-Henri Savoie
- Department of Urology, Sainte Anne Military Hospital, Toulon 83000, France.,French Military Health Service Academy, Val-de-Grâce Academy, Paris 75005, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Avaro
- Department of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Sainte Anne Military Hospital, Toulon 83000, France.,French Military Health Service Academy, Val-de-Grâce Academy, Paris 75005, France
| | - Arnaud Dagain
- French Military Health Service Academy, Val-de-Grâce Academy, Paris 75005, France.,Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte Anne Military Hospital, Toulon 83000, France
| | - Jean-Sébastien Bladé
- Department of Oncology and Haematology, Sainte Anne Military Hospital, Toulon 83000, Var, France
| | - Paul Balandraud
- French Military Health Service Academy, Val-de-Grâce Academy, Paris 75005, France.,Department of Digestive Surgery, Sainte Anne Military Hospital, Toulon 83000, Var, France
| | - Stéphane Bourgouin
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Sainte Anne Military Hospital, Toulon 83000, Var, France
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Choufani C, Barbier O, Demoures T, Mathieu L, Rigal S. Evaluation of a fellowship abroad as part of the initial training of the French military surgeon. BMJ Mil Health 2020; 167:168-171. [PMID: 32015183 DOI: 10.1136/jramc-2019-001303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Military surgery requires skills that in general cannot be easily learnt in civilian training. Participation in a fellowship abroad adapted to the particular operating conditions of the foreign deployment is one route that might secure the necessary supplementary training. We therefore assessed the relevance of such a fellowship in the preparedness of young military surgeons in their first deployment. METHODS This study included all active military surgeons who had completed a fellowship abroad during their initial training from 2004 to 2017 in Tchad or Senegal or Djibouti. The collection of data was performed using a questionnaire. The main judgement criterion was the rate of positive answers awarded to the relevance of this fellowship in the preparedness of respondents' first foreign deployment. RESULTS Sixty-nine of 73 surgeons answered. Sixty-one estimated the fellowship had allowed them to feel more operational during their first mission, with 83.61% rating this feeling as important. Also, 61 recommended the use of a fellowship for war surgery training. The grade assigned to the surgical benefit was 8.48/10. CONCLUSION A fellowship abroad permits one to become familiar with surgical practice under austere circumstances and the particularities of the surgical structures at the front. Current trainees' feedback confirms its relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Choufani
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Military Training Hospital Begin, Saint Mande, France
| | - O Barbier
- Orthopedic and Traumatology, Hopital d'Instruction des Armees Begin, Saint Mande, France
| | - T Demoures
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Military Training Hospital Begin, Saint Mande, France
| | - L Mathieu
- Department of Orthopaedic, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, HIA Percy, Clamart, France
| | - S Rigal
- Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics, HIA Percy, Clamart, France
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Choufani C, Barbier O, Mayet A, Rigal S, Mathieu L. Preparedness Evaluation of French Military Orthopedic Surgeons Before Deployment. Mil Med 2019; 184:e206-e212. [PMID: 29901771 DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usy134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Camille Choufani
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Begin Military Teaching Hospital, Saint-Mandé, France
| | - Olivier Barbier
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Begin Military Teaching Hospital, Saint-Mandé, France
| | - Aurélie Mayet
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Camp de Sainte Marthe, Marseille, France
| | - Sylvain Rigal
- Department of Orthopaedic, Traumatology and Reconstructive surgery, Percy Military Teaching Hospital, Clamart, France.,Department of Surgery, French Military Health Service Academy, Ecole du-Val-de-Grâce, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Mathieu
- Department of Orthopaedic, Traumatology and Reconstructive surgery, Percy Military Teaching Hospital, Clamart, France.,Department of Surgery, French Military Health Service Academy, Ecole du-Val-de-Grâce, Paris, France
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