Fisher AD, April MD, Schauer SG. An analysis of the incidence of hypothermia in casualties presenting to emergency departments in Iraq and Afghanistan.
Am J Emerg Med 2019;
38:2343-2346. [PMID:
31859193 DOI:
10.1016/j.ajem.2019.11.050]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
Hypothermia on the battlefield has been shown to be associated with severe injury and higher mortality. The incidence of battlefield casualties presenting with hypothermia are described.
METHODS
The Department of Defense Trauma Registry (DoDTR) was queried from January 2007 to August 2016. We identified casualties with a documented temperature of <32°Celsius (C) (severe), 32-33.9 °C (moderate), 34-36 °C (mild). We defined serious injuries as those resulting in an AIS of ≥3 by body region.
RESULTS
There were 25,484 records with at least one documented temperature and 2501 (9.8%) casualties with hypothermia within our range. Nineteen (0.75%) casualties presented with severe hypothermia, 225 (9%) with moderate, and 2257 (90%) with mild. The mean injury severity score (ISS) for non-hypothermic, mild, moderate, and severe hypothermic casualties was 8 [4-14], 14 [6-24], 21 [13-29], and 21 [9-25], (p <0.001), respectively. Survival for casualties with severe hypothermia was 57.8%, moderate 80.9%, mild hypothermia 90.9%, and non-hypothermic group 97.6%, p<0.001. When adjusting for composite injury score, patient category, mechanism of injury, and location, this finding remained significant (OR 0.27, 0.21-0.34, p<0.001). Massive transfusion was more common in hypothermia casualties n = 566 (19%) versus non-hypothermic recipients n = 1734 (6.9%), p <0.001.
CONCLUSIONS
Though the number of casualties that presented hypothermic was small, their injuries were more severe, and were more likely to receive massive blood transfusions. This cohort also had a higher mortality rate, a finding which held when adjusting for confounders. There appears to be an opportunity to improve hypothermia prevention for combat.
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