1
|
Buela L, Cuenca M, Sarmiento J, Peláez D, Mendoza AY, Cabrera EJ, Yarzábal LA. Role of Guinea Pigs (Cavia porcellus) Raised as Livestock in Ecuadorian Andes as Reservoirs of Zoonotic Yeasts. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12243449. [PMID: 36552369 PMCID: PMC9774381 DOI: 10.3390/ani12243449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) have been reared for centuries in the Andean region for ceremonial purposes or as the main ingredient of traditional foods. The animals are kept in close proximity of households and interact closely with humans; this also occurs in western countries, where guinea pigs are considered pets. Even though it is acknowledged that domestic animals carry pathogenic yeasts in their tissues and organs that can cause human diseases, almost nothing is known in the case of guinea pigs. In this work we used traditional microbiological approaches and molecular biology techniques to isolate, identify, and characterize potentially zoonotic yeasts colonizing the nasal duct of guinea pigs raised as livestock in Southern Ecuador (Cañar Province). Our results show that 44% of the 100 animals studied were colonized in their nasal mucosa by at least eleven yeast species, belonging to eight genera: Wickerhamomyces, Diutina, Meyerozyma, Candida, Pichia, Rhodotorula, Galactomyces, and Cryptococcus. Noticeably, several isolates were insensitive toward several antifungal drugs of therapeutic use, including fluconazole, voriconazole, itraconazole, and caspofungin. Together, our results emphasize the threat posed by these potentially zoonotic yeasts to the farmers, their families, the final consumers, and, in general, to public and animal health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lenys Buela
- Carrera de Bioquímica y Farmacia, Unidad Académica de Salud y Bienestar, Universidad Católica de Cuenca, Av. Las Américas, Cuenca 010101, Ecuador
| | - Mercy Cuenca
- Carrera de Medicina Veterinaria, Unidad Académica de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Católica de Cuenca, Av. Las Américas, Cuenca 010101, Ecuador
| | - Jéssica Sarmiento
- Carrera de Odontología, Unidad Académica de Salud y Bienestar, Universidad Católica de Cuenca, Av. Las Américas, Cuenca 010101, Ecuador
| | - Diana Peláez
- Centro de Investigación, Innovación y Transferencia de Tecnología (CIITT), Universidad Católica de Cuenca, Ricaurte 010162, Ecuador
| | - Ana Yolanda Mendoza
- Carrera de Bioquímica y Farmacia, Unidad Académica de Salud y Bienestar, Universidad Católica de Cuenca, Av. Las Américas, Cuenca 010101, Ecuador
| | - Erika Judith Cabrera
- Carrera de Bioquímica y Farmacia, Unidad Académica de Salud y Bienestar, Universidad Católica de Cuenca, Av. Las Américas, Cuenca 010101, Ecuador
| | - Luis Andrés Yarzábal
- Carrera de Bioquímica y Farmacia, Unidad Académica de Salud y Bienestar, Universidad Católica de Cuenca, Av. Las Américas, Cuenca 010101, Ecuador
- Correspondence: or
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Whitman RE, Whipple KM, Plummer CE, Beatty SSK. What is your diagnosis? Corneal scrape cytology from a horse. Vet Clin Pathol 2022; 52 Suppl 2:142-145. [PMID: 35445435 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.13077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Whitman
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic, and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Caryn E Plummer
- Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sarah S K Beatty
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic, and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Antech Diagnostics, Fountain Valley, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Arteaga K, Aftab G, Rajaei SM, Faghihi H, Crasta M. Comparison of conjunctival microbiota of clinically normal Persian cats with and without nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Vet Ophthalmol 2021; 24:455-459. [PMID: 34402572 DOI: 10.1111/vop.12925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was performed to determine the conjunctival microbiota of Persian cats with and without nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO). ANIMALS STUDIED Twenty-five Persian cats: 15 with bilateral NLDO (Group A) and 10 with no NLDO (Group B). PROCEDURES All fifty eyes were assessed. Sterile swab applicators were used for the collection of specimens, which were cultured. PCR was performed on conjunctival swab and blood samples for the detection of Mycoplasma spp. and feline herpesvirus 1(FHV-1), respectively. RESULTS FHV-1 was detected in two cats in Group A. Twelve eyes from Group A and four from Group B were Mycoplasma spp. positive based on the PCR results. Moreover, fungal culture was positive in six eyes from Group A and three eyes from Group B. The dominant fungus isolated was Aspergillus spp. (6 out of 11 fungal isolates). Other isolated fungi were Alternaria spp. and Cladosporidium spp. Twenty-three eyes had positive bacterial culture in Group A, while twelve eyes were positive in Group B. The most commonly isolated bacteria were Staphylococcus epidermidis (15 out of 38 bacterial isolates). β-hemolytic Streptococcus spp., Corynebacterium spp., and Staphylococcus aureus were isolated in similar proportions in both groups. Escherichia coli was also present in both groups. CONCLUSIONS Results of this study revealed same isolated fungal and bacterial spp. and in similar proportions in Persian cats with and without NLDO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ghazal Aftab
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mehdi Rajaei
- Ophthalmology section, Negah Veterinary Centre, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Alborz, Iran
| | - Houman Faghihi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.,Ophthalmology section, Negah Veterinary Centre, Tehran, Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Domán M, Makrai L, Bali K, Lengyel G, Laukó T, Bányai K. Unexpected Diversity of Yeast Species in Esophageal Mycosis of Waterfowls. Avian Dis 2021; 64:532-535. [PMID: 33570102 DOI: 10.1637/aviandiseases-d20-00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
This study was performed to evaluate the diversity and prevalence of yeasts associated with esophageal mycosis in domestic ducks and geese. Fungi were isolated from esophageal lesions of dead animals sent for microbiologic laboratory diagnosis. Species identification using a culture-dependent method was carried out by sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS)1-5.8S rRNA-ITS2 region. The most frequently isolated yeast was Candida albicans (43.1%) followed by Saccharomyces cerevisiae (17.6%), Candida kefyr (11.7%), Kazachstania bovina (11.7%), Candida lambica (3.9%), and single isolates (1.9%) representing Candida inconspicua, Candida rugosa, Candida pelliculosa, Candida krusei, Magnusiomyces capitatus, and Trichosporon asahii. Our results indicate that a number of potentially pathogenic yeast species can be isolated from esophageal mycosis of waterfowls, but additional studies are needed to make conclusions regarding their possible etiologic role in disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Domán
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Makrai
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Bali
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary
| | - György Lengyel
- Laboratory of Epidemiological Virology, Hungarian Defence Forces Military Medical Centre, H-1134 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tibor Laukó
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory for Animal Health Ltd., H-5600 Békéscsaba, Hungary
| | - Krisztián Bányai
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Castelo-Branco DDSCM, Paiva MDAN, Teixeira CEC, Caetano ÉP, Guedes GMDM, Cordeiro RDA, Brilhante RSN, Rocha MFG, Sidrim JJC. Azole resistance in Candida from animals calls for the One Health approach to tackle the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. Med Mycol 2021; 58:896-905. [PMID: 31950176 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myz135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study initially aimed at investigating the occurrence of azole resistance among Candida spp. from animals and analyzing the involvement of efflux pumps in the resistance phenomenon. Then, the dynamics of antifungal resistance was assessed, by comparing the antifungal epidemiological cutoff values (ECVs) against C. albicans and C. tropicalis from humans and animals. Fifty azole-resistant isolates (24 C. albicans, 24 C. tropicalis; 2 C. parapsilosis sensu lato) were submitted to the efflux pump inhibition assay with promethazine and significant MIC reductions were observed for fluconazole (2 to 250-fold) and itraconazole (16 to 4000-fold). Then, the antifungal ECVs against C. albicans and C. tropicalis from human and animal isolates were compared. Fluconazole, itraconazole and voriconazole ECVs against human isolates were lower than those against animal isolates. Based on the antifungal ECVs against human isolates, only 33.73%, 50.39% and 63.53% of C. albicans and 52.23%, 61.85% and 55.17% of C. tropicalis from animals were classified as wild-type for fluconazole, itraconazole and voriconazole, respectively. Therefore, efflux-mediated mechanisms are involved in azole resistance among Candida spp. from animals and this phenomenon seems to emerge in animal-associated niches, pointing to the existence of environmental drivers of resistance and highlighting the importance of the One Health approach to control it.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Manoel de Araújo Neto Paiva
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Coronel Nunes de Melo, Brazil.,School of Veterinary, Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Science, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo Cordeiro Teixeira
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Coronel Nunes de Melo, Brazil
| | - Érica Pacheco Caetano
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Coronel Nunes de Melo, Brazil
| | - Gláucia Morgana de Melo Guedes
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Coronel Nunes de Melo, Brazil
| | - Rossana de Aguiar Cordeiro
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Coronel Nunes de Melo, Brazil
| | - Raimunda Sâmia Nogueira Brilhante
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Coronel Nunes de Melo, Brazil
| | - Marcos Fábio Gadelha Rocha
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Coronel Nunes de Melo, Brazil.,School of Veterinary, Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Science, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil
| | - José Júlio Costa Sidrim
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Coronel Nunes de Melo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Oliveira JSD, Pereira VS, Castelo-Branco DDSCM, Cordeiro RDA, Sidrim JJC, Brilhante RSN, Rocha MFG. The yeast, the antifungal, and the wardrobe: a journey into antifungal resistance mechanisms of Candida tropicalis. Can J Microbiol 2020; 66:377-388. [PMID: 32319304 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2019-0531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Candida tropicalis is a prominent non-Candida albicans Candida species involved in cases of candidemia, mainly causing infections in patients in intensive care units and (or) those presenting neutropenia. In recent years, several studies have reported an increase in the recovery rates of azole-resistant C. tropicalis isolates. Understanding C. tropicalis resistance is of great importance, since resistant strains are implicated in persistent or recurrent and breakthrough infections. In this review, we address the main mechanisms underlying C. tropicalis resistance to the major antifungal classes used to treat candidiasis. The main genetic basis involved in C. tropicalis antifungal resistance is discussed. A better understanding of the epidemiology of resistant strains and the mechanisms involved in C. tropicalis resistance can help improve diagnosis and assessment of the antifungal susceptibility of this Candida species to improve clinical management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathas Sales de Oliveira
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, School of Medicine, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Graduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil
| | - Vandbergue Santos Pereira
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, School of Medicine, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Graduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil
| | - Débora de Souza Collares Maia Castelo-Branco
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, School of Medicine, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Graduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil
| | - Rossana de Aguiar Cordeiro
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, School of Medicine, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Graduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil
| | - José Júlio Costa Sidrim
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, School of Medicine, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Graduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil
| | - Raimunda Sâmia Nogueira Brilhante
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, School of Medicine, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Graduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil
| | - Marcos Fábio Gadelha Rocha
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, School of Medicine, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Graduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil.,School of Veterinary, Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, State University of Ceará, 1315 Coronel Nunes de Melo Street, Rodolfo Teófilo, CEP 60420-270, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ali MJ, Rehorek SJ, Paulsen F. A major review on disorders of the animal lacrimal drainage systems: Evolutionary perspectives and comparisons with humans. Ann Anat 2019; 224:102-112. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
8
|
Seyedmousavi S, Bosco SDMG, de Hoog S, Ebel F, Elad D, Gomes RR, Jacobsen ID, Jensen HE, Martel A, Mignon B, Pasmans F, Piecková E, Rodrigues AM, Singh K, Vicente VA, Wibbelt G, Wiederhold NP, Guillot J. Fungal infections in animals: a patchwork of different situations. Med Mycol 2018. [PMID: 29538732 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myx104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of fungal infections in both human and animals has increased over the last decades. This article represents an overview of the different categories of fungal infections that can be encountered in animals originating from environmental sources without transmission to humans. In addition, the endemic infections with indirect transmission from the environment, the zoophilic fungal pathogens with near-direct transmission, the zoonotic fungi that can be directly transmitted from animals to humans, mycotoxicoses and antifungal resistance in animals will also be discussed. Opportunistic mycoses are responsible for a wide range of diseases from localized infections to fatal disseminated diseases, such as aspergillosis, mucormycosis, candidiasis, cryptococcosis and infections caused by melanized fungi. The amphibian fungal disease chytridiomycosis and the Bat White-nose syndrome are due to obligatory fungal pathogens. Zoonotic agents are naturally transmitted from vertebrate animals to humans and vice versa. The list of zoonotic fungal agents is limited but some species, like Microsporum canis and Sporothrix brasiliensis from cats, have a strong public health impact. Mycotoxins are defined as the chemicals of fungal origin being toxic for warm-blooded vertebrates. Intoxications by aflatoxins and ochratoxins represent a threat for both human and animal health. Resistance to antifungals can occur in different animal species that receive these drugs, although the true epidemiology of resistance in animals is unknown, and options to treat infections caused by resistant infections are limited.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seyedmojtaba Seyedmousavi
- Molecular Microbiology Section, Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology (LCMI), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sandra de M G Bosco
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biosciences-UNESP Univ Estadual Paulista Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sybren de Hoog
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, and Center of Expertise in Mycology of Radboudumc/CWZ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Ebel
- Institut für Infektionsmedizin und Zoonosen, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Elad
- Department of Clinical Bacteriology and Mycology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Veterinary Services, Ministry of Agriculture, Beit Dagan, Israel
| | - Renata R Gomes
- Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology Graduate Programme, Curitiba Department of Basic Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Ilse D Jacobsen
- Research Group Microbial Immunology, Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
| | | | - An Martel
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Bernard Mignon
- Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, FARAH (Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Frank Pasmans
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Elena Piecková
- Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Anderson Messias Rodrigues
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karuna Singh
- Department of Zoology, Mahila Mahavidyalaya, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Vania A Vicente
- Research Group Microbial Immunology, Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Gudrun Wibbelt
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nathan P Wiederhold
- Fungus Testing Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Jacques Guillot
- Department of Parasitology, Mycology and Dermatology, EA Dynamyc UPEC, EnvA, Ecole nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Relationship between the Antifungal Susceptibility Profile and the Production of Virulence-Related Hydrolytic Enzymes in Brazilian Clinical Strains of Candida glabrata. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:8952878. [PMID: 28814823 PMCID: PMC5549490 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8952878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida glabrata is a facultative intracellular opportunistic fungal pathogen in human infections. Several virulence-associated attributes are involved in its pathogenesis, host-pathogen interactions, modulation of host immune defenses, and regulation of antifungal drug resistance. This study evaluated the in vitro antifungal susceptibility profile to five antifungal agents, the production of seven hydrolytic enzymes related to virulence, and the relationship between these phenotypes in 91 clinical strains of C. glabrata. All C. glabrata strains were susceptible to flucytosine. However, some of these strains showed resistance to amphotericin B (9.9%), fluconazole (15.4%), itraconazole (5.5%), or micafungin (15.4%). Overall, C. glabrata strains were good producers of catalase, aspartic protease, esterase, phytase, and hemolysin. However, caseinase and phospholipase in vitro activities were not detected. Statistically significant correlations were identified between micafungin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and esterase production, between fluconazole and micafungin MIC and hemolytic activity, and between amphotericin B MIC and phytase production. These results contribute to clarify some of the C. glabrata mechanisms of pathogenicity. Moreover, the association between some virulence attributes and the regulation of antifungal resistance encourage the development of new therapeutic strategies involving virulence mechanisms as potential targets for effective antifungal drug development for the treatment of C. glabrata infections.
Collapse
|