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Wurzbacher CE, Hammer J, Haufschild T, Wiegand S, Kallscheuer N, Jogler C. " Candidatus Uabimicrobium helgolandensis"-a planctomycetal bacterium with phagocytosis-like prey cell engulfment, surface-dependent motility, and cell division. mBio 2024:e0204424. [PMID: 39189742 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02044-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The unique cell biology presented by members of the phylum Planctomycetota has puzzled researchers ever since their discovery. Initially thought to have eukaryotic-like features, their traits are now recognized as exceptional but distinctly bacterial. However, recently discovered strains again added novel and stunning aspects to the planctomycetal cell biology-shapeshifting by members of the "Saltatorellus" clade to an extent that is unprecedented in any other bacterial phylum, and phagocytosis-like cell engulfment in the bacterium "Candidatus Uabimicrobium amorphum." These recent additions to the phylum Planctomycetota indicate hitherto unexplored members with unique cell biology, which we aimed to make accessible for further investigations. Targeting bacteria with features like "Ca. U. amorphum", we first studied both the morphology and behavior of this microorganism in more detail. While similar to eukaryotic amoeboid organisms at first sight, we found "Ca. U. amorphum" to be rather distinct in many regards. Presenting a detailed description of "Ca. U. amorphum," we furthermore found this organism to divide in a fashion that has never been described in any other organism. Employing the obtained knowledge, we isolated a second "bacterium of prey" from the harbor of Heligoland Island (North Sea, Germany). Our isolate shares key features with "Ca. U. amorphum": phagocytosis-like cell engulfment, surface-dependent motility, and the same novel mode of cell division. Being related to "Ca. U. amorphum" within genus thresholds, we propose the name "Ca. Uabimicrobium helgolandensis" for this strain.IMPORTANCE"Candidatus Uabimicrobium helgolandensis" HlEnr_7 adds to the explored bacterial biodiversity with its phagocytosis-like uptake of prey bacteria. Enrichment of this strain indicates that there might be "impossible" microbes out there, missed by metagenomic analyses. Such organisms have the potential to challenge our understanding of nature. For example, the origin of eukaryotes remains enigmatic, with a contentious debate surrounding both the mitochondrial host entity and the moment of uptake. Currently, favored models involve a proteobacterium as the mitochondrial progenitor and an Asgard archaeon as the fusion partner. Models in which a eukaryotic ancestor engulfed the mitochondrial ancestor via phagocytosis had been largely rejected due to bioenergetic constraints. Thus, the phagocytosis-like abilities of planctomycetal bacteria might influence the debate, demonstrating that prey engulfment is possible in a prokaryotic cellular framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen E Wurzbacher
- Department of Microbial Interactions, Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Jonathan Hammer
- Department of Microbial Interactions, Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Tom Haufschild
- Department of Microbial Interactions, Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Sandra Wiegand
- Department of Microbiology, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Nicolai Kallscheuer
- Department of Microbial Interactions, Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Jogler
- Department of Microbial Interactions, Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Balance of the Microverse, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
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2
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García-Contreras R, de la Mora J, Mora-Montes HM, Martínez-Álvarez JA, Vicente-Gómez M, Padilla-Vaca F, Vargas-Maya NI, Franco B. The inorganic pyrophosphatases of microorganisms: a structural and functional review. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17496. [PMID: 38938619 PMCID: PMC11210485 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Pyrophosphatases (PPases) are enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of pyrophosphate (PPi), a byproduct of the synthesis and degradation of diverse biomolecules. The accumulation of PPi in the cell can result in cell death. Although the substrate is the same, there are variations in the catalysis and features of these enzymes. Two enzyme forms have been identified in bacteria: cytoplasmic or soluble pyrophosphatases and membrane-bound pyrophosphatases, which play major roles in cell bioenergetics. In eukaryotic cells, cytoplasmic enzymes are the predominant form of PPases (c-PPases), while membrane enzymes (m-PPases) are found only in protists and plants. The study of bacterial cytoplasmic and membrane-bound pyrophosphatases has slowed in recent years. These enzymes are central to cell metabolism and physiology since phospholipid and nucleic acid synthesis release important amounts of PPi that must be removed to allow biosynthesis to continue. In this review, two aims were pursued: first, to provide insight into the structural features of PPases known to date and that are well characterized, and to provide examples of enzymes with novel features. Second, the scientific community should continue studying these enzymes because they have many biotechnological applications. Additionally, in this review, we provide evidence that there are m-PPases present in fungi; to date, no examples have been characterized. Therefore, the diversity of PPase enzymes is still a fruitful field of research. Additionally, we focused on the roles of H+/Na+ pumps and m-PPases in cell bioenergetics. Finally, we provide some examples of the applications of these enzymes in molecular biology and biotechnology, especially in plants. This review is valuable for professionals in the biochemistry field of protein structure-function relationships and experts in other fields, such as chemistry, nanotechnology, and plant sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo García-Contreras
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Javier de la Mora
- Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Héctor Manuel Mora-Montes
- Departamento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - José A. Martínez-Álvarez
- Departamento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Marcos Vicente-Gómez
- Departamento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Felipe Padilla-Vaca
- Departamento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Naurú Idalia Vargas-Maya
- Departamento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Bernardo Franco
- Departamento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
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Quiñonero-Coronel MDM, Devos DP, Garcillán-Barcia MP. Specificities and commonalities of the Planctomycetes plasmidome. Environ Microbiol 2024; 26:e16638. [PMID: 38733104 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Plasmids, despite their critical role in antibiotic resistance and modern biotechnology, are understood in only a few bacterial groups in terms of their natural ecological dynamics. The bacterial phylum Planctomycetes, known for its unique molecular and cellular biology, has a largely unexplored plasmidome. This study offers a thorough exploration of the diversity of natural plasmids within Planctomycetes, which could serve as a foundation for developing various genetic research tools for this phylum. Planctomycetes plasmids encode a broad range of biological functions and appear to have coevolved significantly with their host chromosomes, sharing many homologues. Recent transfer events of insertion sequences between cohabiting chromosomes and plasmids were also observed. Interestingly, 64% of plasmid genes are distantly related to either chromosomally encoded genes or have homologues in plasmids from other bacterial groups. The planctomycetal plasmidome is composed of 36% exclusive proteins. Most planctomycetal plasmids encode a replication initiation protein from the Replication Protein A family near a putative iteron-containing replication origin, as well as active type I partition systems. The identification of one conjugative and three mobilizable plasmids suggests the occurrence of horizontal gene transfer via conjugation within this phylum. This comprehensive description enhances our understanding of the plasmidome of Planctomycetes and its potential implications in antibiotic resistance and biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Damien Paul Devos
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD, CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), Sevilla, Spain
| | - M Pilar Garcillán-Barcia
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC, CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria), Cantabria, Spain
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4
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Rivas-Marin E, Moyano-Palazuelo D, Henriques V, Merino E, Devos DP. Essential gene complement of Planctopirus limnophila from the bacterial phylum Planctomycetes. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7224. [PMID: 37940686 PMCID: PMC10632474 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43096-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Planctopirus limnophila belongs to the bacterial phylum Planctomycetes, a relatively understudied lineage with remarkable cell biology features. Here, we report a genome-wide analysis of essential gene content in P. limnophila. We show that certain genes involved in peptidoglycan synthesis or cell division, which are essential in most other studied bacteria, are not essential for growth under laboratory conditions in this species. We identify essential genes likely involved in lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis, consistent with the view of Planctomycetes as diderm bacteria, and highlight other essential genes of unknown functions. Furthermore, we explore potential stages of evolution of the essential gene repertoire in Planctomycetes and the related phyla Verrucomicrobia and Chlamydiae. Our results provide insights into the divergent molecular and cellular biology of Planctomycetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Rivas-Marin
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, CSIC, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain.
| | - David Moyano-Palazuelo
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, CSIC, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Valentina Henriques
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, CSIC, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Enrique Merino
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Damien P Devos
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, CSIC, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain.
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France.
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5
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Ferrelli ML, Pidre ML, García-Domínguez R, Alberca LN, Del Saz-Navarro DM, Santana-Molina C, Devos DP. Prokaryotic membrane coat - like proteins: An update. J Struct Biol 2023; 215:107987. [PMID: 37343709 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2023.107987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Membrane coat proteins are essential players in the eukaryotic endomembrane traffic system. Previous work identified proteins with the membrane-coat architecture in prokaryotes, specifically in the Planctomycetes, Verrucomicrobia and Chlamydiae (PVC) superphylum, bacteria that display the most developed prokaryotic endomembrane system. Hence, the membrane coat-like (MCL) proteins are predicted to play a central role in this system but their actual function is still unknown. In this work we strengthened previous structure predictions for these prokaryotic MCL proteins. We also detected new putative MCL proteins in the Planctomycete Gemmata obscuriglobus. Structural analysis of these revealed the presence of additional domains apart from the β-propeller and α-solenoid combination, characteristic of the membrane-coat architecture. Functions associated with these domains include some related to carbohydrate or membrane/lipid binding. Using homology-based methods, we found MCL proteins in other bacterial phyla, but the most abundant hits are still restricted to Planctomycetes and Verrucomicrobia. Detailed inspection of neighbouring genes of MCL in G. obscuriglobus supports the idea that the function of these proteins is related to membrane manipulation. No significant hits were found in Archaea, including Asgard archaea. More than 10 years after their original detection, PVC bacteria are still uniquely linked to eukaryotes through the structure of the MCL proteins sustaining their endomembrane system.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Leticia Ferrelli
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Campus Universidad Pablo de Olavide (UPO), 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Matías L Pidre
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Campus Universidad Pablo de Olavide (UPO), 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Ruben García-Domínguez
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Campus Universidad Pablo de Olavide (UPO), 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Lucas N Alberca
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Campus Universidad Pablo de Olavide (UPO), 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - DMaría Del Saz-Navarro
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Campus Universidad Pablo de Olavide (UPO), 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Carlos Santana-Molina
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Campus Universidad Pablo de Olavide (UPO), 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Damien P Devos
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Campus Universidad Pablo de Olavide (UPO), 41013 Seville, Spain.
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Li B, Liang J, Phillips MA, Michael AJ. Neofunctionalization of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase into pyruvoyl-dependent L-ornithine and L-arginine decarboxylases is widespread in bacteria and archaea. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105005. [PMID: 37399976 PMCID: PMC10407285 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (AdoMetDC/SpeD) is a key polyamine biosynthetic enzyme required for conversion of putrescine to spermidine. Autocatalytic self-processing of the AdoMetDC/SpeD proenzyme generates a pyruvoyl cofactor from an internal serine. Recently, we discovered that diverse bacteriophages encode AdoMetDC/SpeD homologs that lack AdoMetDC activity and instead decarboxylate L-ornithine or L-arginine. We reasoned that neofunctionalized AdoMetDC/SpeD homologs were unlikely to have emerged in bacteriophages and were probably acquired from ancestral bacterial hosts. To test this hypothesis, we sought to identify candidate AdoMetDC/SpeD homologs encoding L-ornithine and L-arginine decarboxylases in bacteria and archaea. We searched for the anomalous presence of AdoMetDC/SpeD homologs in the absence of its obligatory partner enzyme spermidine synthase, or the presence of two AdoMetDC/SpeD homologs encoded in the same genome. Biochemical characterization of candidate neofunctionalized genes confirmed lack of AdoMetDC activity, and functional presence of L-ornithine or L-arginine decarboxylase activity in proteins from phyla Actinomycetota, Armatimonadota, Planctomycetota, Melainabacteria, Perigrinibacteria, Atribacteria, Chloroflexota, Sumerlaeota, Omnitrophota, Lentisphaerota, and Euryarchaeota, the bacterial candidate phyla radiation and DPANN archaea, and the δ-Proteobacteria class. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that L-arginine decarboxylases emerged at least three times from AdoMetDC/SpeD, whereas L-ornithine decarboxylases arose only once, potentially from the AdoMetDC/SpeD-derived L-arginine decarboxylases, revealing unsuspected polyamine metabolic plasticity. Horizontal transfer of the neofunctionalized genes appears to be the more prevalent mode of dissemination. We identified fusion proteins of bona fide AdoMetDC/SpeD with homologous L-ornithine decarboxylases that possess two, unprecedented internal protein-derived pyruvoyl cofactors. These fusion proteins suggest a plausible model for the evolution of the eukaryotic AdoMetDC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Jue Liang
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Margaret A Phillips
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Anthony J Michael
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
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7
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Padilla-Vaca F, de la Mora J, García-Contreras R, Ramírez-Prado JH, Alva-Murillo N, Fonseca-Yepez S, Serna-Gutiérrez I, Moreno-Galván CL, Montufar-Rodríguez JM, Vicente-Gómez M, Rangel-Serrano Á, Vargas-Maya NI, Franco B. Two-Component System Sensor Kinases from Asgardian Archaea May Be Witnesses to Eukaryotic Cell Evolution. Molecules 2023; 28:5042. [PMID: 37446705 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The signal transduction paradigm in bacteria involves two-component systems (TCSs). Asgardarchaeota are archaea that may have originated the current eukaryotic lifeforms. Most research on these archaea has focused on eukaryotic-like features, such as genes involved in phagocytosis, cytoskeleton structure, and vesicle trafficking. However, little attention has been given to specific prokaryotic features. Here, the sequence and predicted structural features of TCS sensor kinases analyzed from two metagenome assemblies and a genomic assembly from cultured Asgardian archaea are presented. The homology of the sensor kinases suggests the grouping of Lokiarchaeum closer to bacterial homologs. In contrast, one group from a Lokiarchaeum and a meta-genome assembly from Candidatus Heimdallarchaeum suggest the presence of a set of kinases separated from the typical bacterial TCS sensor kinases. AtoS and ArcB homologs were found in meta-genome assemblies along with defined domains for other well-characterized sensor kinases, suggesting the close link between these organisms and bacteria that may have resulted in the metabolic link to the establishment of symbiosis. Several kinases are predicted to be cytoplasmic; some contain several PAS domains. The data shown here suggest that TCS kinases in Asgardian bacteria are witnesses to the transition from bacteria to eukaryotic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Padilla-Vaca
- Departamento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta s/n, Guanajuato 36050, Mexico
| | - Javier de la Mora
- Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiologia Celular, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Circuito Exterior s/n, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Rodolfo García-Contreras
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | | | - Nayeli Alva-Murillo
- Departamento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta s/n, Guanajuato 36050, Mexico
| | - Sofia Fonseca-Yepez
- Departamento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta s/n, Guanajuato 36050, Mexico
| | - Isaac Serna-Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta s/n, Guanajuato 36050, Mexico
| | - Carolina Lisette Moreno-Galván
- Departamento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta s/n, Guanajuato 36050, Mexico
| | - José Manolo Montufar-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta s/n, Guanajuato 36050, Mexico
| | - Marcos Vicente-Gómez
- Departamento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta s/n, Guanajuato 36050, Mexico
| | - Ángeles Rangel-Serrano
- Departamento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta s/n, Guanajuato 36050, Mexico
| | - Naurú Idalia Vargas-Maya
- Departamento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta s/n, Guanajuato 36050, Mexico
| | - Bernardo Franco
- Departamento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta s/n, Guanajuato 36050, Mexico
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9
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Miles JA, Egan JL, Fowler JA, Machattou P, Millard AD, Perry CJ, Scanlan DJ, Taylor PC. The evolutionary origins of peroxynitrite signalling. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 580:107-112. [PMID: 34638028 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.09.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Peroxynitrite is a reactive intermediate formed in vivo through uncatalysed reaction of superoxide and nitric oxide radicals. Despite significant interest in detecting peroxynitrite in vivo and understanding its production, little attention has been given to the evolutionary origins of peroxynitrite signalling. Herein we focus on two enzymes that are key to the biosynthesis of superoxide and nitric oxide, NADPH oxidase 5 (NOX5) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), respectively. Multiple sequence alignments of both enzymes including homologues from all domains of life, coupled with a phylogenetic analysis of NOX5, suggest eNOS and NOX5 are present in animals as the result of horizontal gene transfer from ancestral cyanobacteria to ancestral eukaryotes. Therefore, biochemical studies from other laboratories on a NOX5 homologue in Cylindrospermum stagnale and an eNOS homologue in Synechococcus sp. PCC 7335 are likely to be of relevance to human NOX5 and eNOS and to the production of superoxide, nitric oxide and peroxynitrite in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Miles
- School of Chemistry & Astbury Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Joseph L Egan
- School of Chemistry & Astbury Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Jake A Fowler
- School of Chemistry & Astbury Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Petrina Machattou
- School of Chemistry & Astbury Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Andrew D Millard
- Dept. of Genome Biology & Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | | | - David J Scanlan
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Paul C Taylor
- School of Chemistry & Astbury Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
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10
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Franke JD, Fuerst JA, Poole AM. Editorial: Structure, Function and Evolution of Complex Cellular Organization in Bacteria and Archaea. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:751416. [PMID: 34526983 PMCID: PMC8435829 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.751416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Josef D Franke
- Department of Biology, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - John A Fuerst
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Anthony M Poole
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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