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Radakovic-Cosic J, Miković Z, Rajcevic SM, Sudar-Milovanovic E, Stojisavljevic A, Nikolic G, Radojicic O, Perovic M. Does controlled ovarian stimulation during in vitro fertilization affect the level of nitric oxide a potential indicator of oocyte quality? Med Hypotheses 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2023.111061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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Design, synthesis, modeling studies and biological evaluation of pyrazole derivatives linked to oxime and nitrate moieties as nitric oxide donor selective COX-2 and aromatase inhibitors with dual anti-inflammatory and anti-neoplastic activities. Bioorg Chem 2023; 134:106428. [PMID: 36893546 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
Two new series of pyrazole derivatives 10a-f and 11a-f with selective COX-2 inhibition pharmacophore and oxime/nitrate moieties as NO donor moiety were designed, synthesized and tested for anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic activities and NO release. Compounds 10c, 11a, 11e were more selective for COX-2 isozyme (S.I. = 25.95, 22.52 and 21.54 respectively) in comparison to celecoxib (S.I. = 21.41). Regarding anti-cancer activity, all synthesized compounds were screened by the National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, USA for anticancer activity against 60 human cancer cell lines representing the following cancer types: leukemia, non-small cell lung, colon, CNS, melanoma, ovarian, renal, prostate, and breast cancers. Compounds 10c, 11a, 11e were found to be the most potent inhibitors on breast, ovarian and melanoma cell lines (MCF-7, IGROV1 and SK-MEL-5), compound 11a causing 79 % inhibition in case of MCF-7, 78.80 % inhibition in case of SK-MEL-5 and unexpected cell growth -26.22 % inhibition in case of IGROV1 (IC50 = 3.12, 4.28, 4.13 μM respectively). On the other hand, compounds 10c and 11e showed lower inhibition on the same cell lines with IC50 = 3.58, 4.58, 4.28 μM respectively for 10c, IC50 = 3.43, 4.73, 4.43 μM respectively for 11e. Furthermore, DNA-flow cytometric analysis showed that compound 11a induces cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase leading to cell proliferation inhibition and apoptosis. Additionally, these derivatives examined against F180 fibroblasts to investigate their selectivity indexes. The pyrazole derivative with internal oxime 11a was the most potent compound against most used cell lines especially MCF-7, IGROV1 and SK-MEL-5 (IC50 = 3.12, 4.28, 4.13 μM respectively) with 4.82-fold selectivity towards MCF-7 than F180 fibroblasts. Moreover, oxime derivative 11a showed potent aromatase inhibitory activity (IC50 16.50 μM) when compared with reference compound letrozole (IC50 15.60 μM). All compounds 10a-f and 11a-f released NO in a slow rate (0.73-3.88 %) and the six derivatives 10c, 10e, 11a, 11b, 11c and 11e were the highest NO releasers (3.88, 2.15, 3.27, 2.27, 2.55 and 3.74 % respectively). Herein structure based and ligand based studies were implemented to under stand and evaluate the compounds activity for further in vivo and preclinical studies. Docking mode of final designed compounds with celecoxib (ID: 3LN1) represented that their triazole ring adopted as the core aryl in Y shaped structure. Regarding aromatase enzyme inhibition, docking was carried out with ID: 1 M17. The internal oxime series was more active as anticancer because of their ability to form extra HBs with receptor cleft.
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Bodis J, Farkas B, Nagy B, Kovacs K, Sulyok E. The Role of L-Arginine-NO System in Female Reproduction: A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:14908. [PMID: 36499238 PMCID: PMC9735906 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence are available on the involvement of l-arginine-nitric oxide (NO) system in complex biological processes and numerous clinical conditions. Particular attention was made to reveal the association of l-arginine and methylarginines to outcome measures of women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF). This review attempts to summarize the expression and function of the essential elements of this system with particular reference to the different stages of female reproduction. A literature search was performed on the PubMed and Google Scholar systems. Publications were selected for evaluation according to the results presented in the Abstract. The regulatory role of NO during the period of folliculogenesis, oocyte maturation, fertilization, embryogenesis, implantation, placentation, pregnancy, and delivery was surveyed. The major aspects of cellular l-arginine uptake via cationic amino acid transporters (CATs), arginine catabolism by nitric oxide synthases (NOSs) to NO and l-citrulline and by arginase to ornithine, and polyamines are presented. The importance of NOS inhibition by methylated arginines and the redox-sensitive elements of the process of NO generation are also shown. The l-arginine-NO system plays a crucial role in all stages of female reproduction. Insufficiently low or excessively high rates of NO generation may have adverse influences on IVF outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jozsef Bodis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pecs School of Medicine, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- MTA-PTE Human Reproduction Scientific Research Group, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, 7622 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Balint Farkas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pecs School of Medicine, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- MTA-PTE Human Reproduction Scientific Research Group, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, 7622 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Bernadett Nagy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pecs School of Medicine, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- MTA-PTE Human Reproduction Scientific Research Group, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, 7622 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Kalman Kovacs
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pecs School of Medicine, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- MTA-PTE Human Reproduction Scientific Research Group, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, 7622 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Endre Sulyok
- National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, 7622 Pécs, Hungary
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, 7621 Pécs, Hungary
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Budani MC, Gallorini M, Elsallabi O, Pino V, La Fratta I, Pesce M, Ricciotti E, Tiboni GM, Patruno A. Cigarette smoke is associated with up-regulation of inducible NOS and COX-2 protein expression and activity in granulosa cells of women undergoing in vitro fertilization. Reprod Toxicol 2022; 113:128-135. [PMID: 36049621 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2022.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke exposure represents a well-established ovotoxic exogenous stress, but the molecular mechanisms underlying of this effect are still unclear. Cigarette smoke upregulates inflammatory genes in the female reproductive organs, therefore an abnormal inflammation response may contribute to the impairment of female fertility. In this study we investigated for the first time the effect of cigarette smoke exposure on NOS and COX expression and activity and on their transcription factors (CREB and NF-kB) in human GCs and on the release of NO and PGE2 in the FF in smoking and non-smoking patients undergoing IVF treatment. In addition, correlation analysis between AMH serum levels, an index of ovarian reserve, and smoking exposure or iNOS and COX-2 protein expression levels were performed using a Pearson correlation method. Cigarette smoke exposure resulted in a significant increase of iNOS and COX-2 protein expression together with an increase of iNOS activity and PGE2 levels. pNF-kB and pCREB protein expression were upregulated in the GCs of smokers compared to non-smokers. The habit of smoking was negatively correlated with serum AMH levels, and positively correlated with iNOS and COX-2 protein expression levels. The data presented in the current study revealed a novel molecular mechanism underlying the toxic effects of cigarette smoke on fertility. Additional pathways mediating the effects of cigarette smoke exposure in human GCs cannot be excluded and should be investigated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Budani
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - M Gallorini
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - O Elsallabi
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, SE-141 57 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - V Pino
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - I La Fratta
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University 'G. d'Annunzio' of Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - M Pesce
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - E Ricciotti
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - G M Tiboni
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University 'G. d'Annunzio' of Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - A Patruno
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
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Caballano-Infantes E, Cahuana GM, Bedoya FJ, Salguero-Aranda C, Tejedo JR. The Role of Nitric Oxide in Stem Cell Biology. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030497. [PMID: 35326146 PMCID: PMC8944807 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous biomolecule endogenously synthesized with an essential role in embryonic development and several physiological functions, such as regulating mitochondrial respiration and modulation of the immune response. The dual role of NO in embryonic stem cells (ESCs) has been previously reported, preserving pluripotency and cell survival or inducing differentiation with a dose-dependent pattern. In this line, high doses of NO have been used in vitro cultures to induce focused differentiation toward different cell lineages being a key molecule in the regenerative medicine field. Moreover, optimal conditions to promote pluripotency in vitro are essential for their use in advanced therapies. In this sense, the molecular mechanisms underlying stemness regulation by NO have been studied intensively over the current years. Recently, we have reported the role of low NO as a hypoxia-like inducer in pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), which supports using this molecule to maintain pluripotency under normoxic conditions. In this review, we stress the role of NO levels on stem cells (SCs) fate as a new approach for potential cell therapy strategies. Furthermore, we highlight the recent uses of NO in regenerative medicine due to their properties regulating SCs biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefanía Caballano-Infantes
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemical Engineering, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Seville, Spain; (G.M.C.); (F.J.B.)
- Department of Regeneration and Cell Therapy, Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER), University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, 41092 Seville, Spain
- Correspondence: (E.C.-I.); (J.R.T.)
| | - Gladys Margot Cahuana
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemical Engineering, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Seville, Spain; (G.M.C.); (F.J.B.)
- Biomedical Research Network for Diabetes and Related Metabolic Diseases-CIBERDEM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Bedoya
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemical Engineering, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Seville, Spain; (G.M.C.); (F.J.B.)
- Biomedical Research Network for Diabetes and Related Metabolic Diseases-CIBERDEM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Salguero-Aranda
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Virgen del Rocio University Hospital, CSIC-University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain;
- Spanish Biomedical Research Network Centre in Oncology-CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Normal and Pathological Cytology and Histology, School of Medicine, University of Seville, 41004 Seville, Spain
| | - Juan R. Tejedo
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemical Engineering, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Seville, Spain; (G.M.C.); (F.J.B.)
- Biomedical Research Network for Diabetes and Related Metabolic Diseases-CIBERDEM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (E.C.-I.); (J.R.T.)
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Karami M, Lakzaei F, Jalali Nadoushan M. L–arginine alleviates postmenopausal complications in female rats by stimulating ovarian dopamine beta hydroxylase. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTION 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/2305-0500.361223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Novel Insights on the Role of Nitric Oxide in the Ovary: A Review of the Literature. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18030980. [PMID: 33499404 PMCID: PMC7908174 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18030980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is formed during the oxidation of L-arginine to L-citrulline by the action of multiple isoenzymes of NO synthase (NOS): neuronal NOS (nNOS), endotelial NOS (eNOS), and inducible NOS (iNOS). NO plays a relevant role in the vascular endothelium, in central and peripheral neurons, and in immunity and inflammatory systems. In addition, several authors showed a consistent contribution of NO to different aspects of the reproductive physiology. The aim of the present review is to analyse the published data on the role of NO within the ovary. It has been demonstrated that the multiple isoenzymes of NOS are expressed and localized in the ovary of different species. More to the point, a consistent role was ascribed to NO in the processes of steroidogenesis, folliculogenesis, and oocyte meiotic maturation in in vitro and in vivo studies using animal models. Unfortunately, there are few nitric oxide data for humans; there are preliminary data on the implication of nitric oxide for oocyte/embryo quality and in-vitro fertilization/embryo transfer (IVF/ET) parameters. NO plays a remarkable role in the ovary, but more investigation is needed, in particular in the context of human ovarian physiology.
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Diethylstilbestrol administration inhibits theca cell androgen and granulosa cell estrogen production in immature rat ovary. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8374. [PMID: 28827713 PMCID: PMC5567288 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08780-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Diethylstilbestrol (DES), a strong estrogenic compound, is well-known to affect the reproductive system. In this study, we investigated the effects of DES administration on gonadotropin levels and ovarian steroidogenesis in prepubertal rats. DES treatment acutely reduced serum LH levels, followed by a reduction in the expression of various steroidogenesis-related genes in theca cells. Serum FSH levels were almost unaffected by DES-treatment, even though Cyp19a1 expression was markedly reduced. Serum progesterone, testosterone and estradiol levels were also declined at this time. LH levels recovered from 12 h after DES-treatment and gradually increased until 96 h with a reduction of ERα expression observed in the pituitary. Steroidogenesis-related genes were also up-regulated during this time, except for Cyp17a1 and Cyp19a1. Consistent with observed gene expression pattern, serum testosterone and estradiol concentrations were maintained at lower levels, even though progesterone levels recovered. DES-treatment induced the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in granulosa cells, and a nitric oxide generator markedly repressed Cyp19a1 expression in cultured granulosa cells. These results indicate that DES inhibits thecal androgen production via suppression of pituitary LH secretion and ovarian Cyp17a1 expression. In addition, DES represses Cyp19a1 expression by inducing iNOS gene expression for continuous inhibition of estrogen production in granulosa cells.
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Singh VK, Lal B. Nitric oxide (NO) stimulates steroidogenesis and folliculogenesis in fish. Reproduction 2017; 153:133-146. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-16-0482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to understand the physiological significance of the existence of nitric oxide synthase (NOS)/nitric oxide (NO) system in fish ovary. For this, two doses of NO donor, sodium nitroprusside (SNP, 25 µg and 50 µg) and NOS inhibitor, N-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME, 50 µg and 100 µg)/100 g body weight were administered during the two reproductive phases of reproductive cycle of theClarias batrachus. During the late-quiescence phase, high dose ofl-NAME decreased the NO, testosterone, 17β-estradiol, vitellogenin contents in serum and ovary and activities of 5-ene-3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (3β-HSD) and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (17β-HSD) in ovary, whereas higher dose of SNP increased these parameters.l-NAME also reduced oocytes-I but increased perinucleolar oocytes in the ovary, whereas SNP treatment increased the number of advanced oocytes (oocytes-I and II) than the perinucleolar oocytes when compared with control ovary. During the mid-recrudescence phase, both doses of SNP increased NO, testosterone, 17β-estradiol and vitellogenin in serum and ovary; however,l-NAME treatment lowered their levels. The activities of ovarian 3β-HSD and 17β-HSD were also stimulated by SNP, butl-NAME suppressed their activities compared to the control. The SNP-treated ovaries were dominated by oocyte-II and III stages, whereasl-NAME-treated ovary revealed more perinucleolar oocytes and oocytes-I and practically no advanced oocytes. Expression of endothelial NOS (eNOS), inducible NOS (iNOS) and neuronal NOS (nNOS) was augmented by the SNP and declined byl-NAME treatments as compared to the control. This study, thus, provides distinct evidence of NO-stimulated steroidogenesis, vitellogenesis and folliculogenesis in fish.
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Abstract
Two major functions of the mammalian ovary are the production of germ cells (oocytes), which allow continuation of the species, and the generation of bioactive molecules, primarily steroids (mainly estrogens and progestins) and peptide growth factors, which are critical for ovarian function, regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis, and development of secondary sex characteristics. The female germline is created during embryogenesis when the precursors of primordial germ cells differentiate from somatic lineages of the embryo and take a unique route to reach the urogenital ridge. This undifferentiated gonad will differentiate along a female pathway, and the newly formed oocytes will proliferate and subsequently enter meiosis. At this point, the oocyte has two alternative fates: die, a common destiny of millions of oocytes, or be fertilized, a fate of at most approximately 100 oocytes, depending on the species. At every step from germline development and ovary formation to oogenesis and ovarian development and differentiation, there are coordinated interactions of hundreds of proteins and small RNAs. These studies have helped reproductive biologists to understand not only the normal functioning of the ovary but also the pathophysiology and genetics of diseases such as infertility and ovarian cancer. Over the last two decades, parallel progress has been made in the assisted reproductive technology clinic including better hormonal preparations, prenatal genetic testing, and optimal oocyte and embryo analysis and cryopreservation. Clearly, we have learned much about the mammalian ovary and manipulating its most important cargo, the oocyte, since the birth of Louise Brown over 30 yr ago.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Edson
- Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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Sasseville M, Côté N, Gagnon MC, Richard FJ. Up-regulation of 3'5'-cyclic guanosine monophosphate-specific phosphodiesterase in the porcine cumulus-oocyte complex affects steroidogenesis during in vitro maturation. Endocrinology 2008; 149:5568-76. [PMID: 18669600 DOI: 10.1210/en.2008-0547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The 3'5'-cyclic GMP (cGMP) pathway is known to influence ovarian functions, including steroidogenesis, ovulation, and granulosa cell proliferation. We show here that cGMP-phosphodiesterase (PDE) activity increased in a gonadotropin-dependent manner more than 3-fold in the cumulus-oocyte complex (COC) after 24 h in vitro maturation (IVM) and up to 5-fold after 48 h. Further characterization of this increase demonstrated that the activity was located primarily in cumulus cells, and was sensitive to sildenafil and zaprinast, two inhibitors specific to both type 5 and 6 PDEs. RT-PCR experiments showed that the mRNAs for cGMP-degrading PDEs 5A and 6C are present in the COC before and after 30 h IVM. Western blotting confirmed the presence of PDE 5A in the COC. Western blotting of PDE 6C revealed a significant up-regulation in the COC during IVM. Isolation and analysis of detergent-resistant membranes suggested that PDE 6C protein, along with half of the total sildenafil-sensitive cGMP-degradation activity, is associated with detergent-resistant membrane in the COC after 30 h IVM. Treatment of porcine COC with sildenafil during IVM caused a significant decrease in gonadotropin-stimulated progesterone secretion. Together, these results constitute the first report exploring the contribution of cGMP-PDE activity in mammalian COC, supporting a functional clustering of the enzyme, and providing the first evidence of its role in steroidogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Sasseville
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie de la Reproduction, Département des Sciences Animales, Université Laval, Québec, Canada G1K 7P4
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Duggavathi R, Volle DH, Mataki C, Antal MC, Messaddeq N, Auwerx J, Murphy BD, Schoonjans K. Liver receptor homolog 1 is essential for ovulation. Genes Dev 2008; 22:1871-6. [PMID: 18628394 DOI: 10.1101/gad.472008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Female fertility requires normal ovarian follicular growth and ovulation. The nuclear receptor liver receptor homolog 1 has been implicated in processes as diverse as bile acid metabolism, steroidogenesis, and cell proliferation. In the ovary, Lrh1 is expressed exclusively in granulosa and luteal cells. Using somatic targeted mutagenesis, we show that mice lacking Lrh1 in granulosa cells are sterile, due to anovulation. The preovulatory stimulus fails to elicit cumulus expansion, luteinization, and follicular rupture in these mice. Multiple defects, including severely reduced transactivation of the Lrh1 target gene, nitric oxide synthase 3, leads to increased intrafollicular estradiol levels in the absence of Lrh1. This further causes dysfunction of prostaglandin and hyaluronic acid cascades and interrupts cumulus expansion. Lack of Lrh1 also interferes with progesterone synthesis because of failure of normal expression of the Lrh1 targets, steroidogenic acute regulatory protein and cytochrome P450 side-chain cleavage. In addition, expression of extracellular matrix proteases essential for ovulation is compromised. These results demonstrate that Lrh1 is a regulator of multiple mechanisms essential for maturation of ovarian follicles and for ovulation. Lrh1 is therefore a key modulator of female fertility and a potential target for contraception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesha Duggavathi
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS/INSERM/ULP, 67404 Illkirch, France
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Taupeau C, Poupon J, Treton D, Brosse A, Richard Y, Machelon V. Lead reduces messenger RNA and protein levels of cytochrome p450 aromatase and estrogen receptor beta in human ovarian granulosa cells. Biol Reprod 2003; 68:1982-8. [PMID: 12606482 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.102.009894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to lead causes decreased fertility in women. In the present study, we examined the in vitro effects of lead on cytochrome p450 aromatase (p450 arom) and on estrogen receptor beta (ERbeta), two key proteins for the human ovary. Aromatase is required for the bioconversion of androgen to estradiol; ERbeta mediates estrogen effects in granulosa cells. Granulosa cells were collected from women undergoing in vitro fertilization and then cultured with 10 microM lead acetate. Using atomic absorption spectrometry, we showed that lead accumulated in cells. Aromatase activity as measured by a tritiated water production assay was significantly reduced. Using semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting procedures, we showed that p450 arom and ERbeta mRNA and protein content were both significantly reduced. Adding 10 microg/ml of cycloheximide, a protein inhibitor, did not eliminate the effects of lead. The present results support the hypothesis that the action of lead on fertility in women may result, in part, from the down-regulation of p450 arom and ERbeta gene transcription in ovarian granulosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystel Taupeau
- INSERM Institut Paris-Sud Sur les Cytokines, Unité 355 "Maturation Gamétique et Fécondation,", Clamart, France
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LaPolt PS, Leung K, Ishimaru R, Tafoya MA, You-hsin Chen J. Roles of cyclic GMP in modulating ovarian functions. Reprod Biomed Online 2003; 6:15-23. [PMID: 12626139 DOI: 10.1016/s1472-6483(10)62051-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The production of a viable oocyte is dependent upon the critical influences of gonadotrophins on follicular development, granulosa cell maturation, ovulation, and luteinization. While the effects of LH and FSH are due in large part to cyclic AMP-dependent signalling mechanisms, it is clear that a number of other factors modulate the actions of gonadotrophins on the ovary via activation of alternative signalling pathways. In this regard, recent studies indicate that the second messenger guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) mediates a wide range of influences on the ovary. Nitric oxide (NO) is a major regulator of cGMP production via its action on soluble guanylyl cyclase, while natriuretic peptides activate receptors with intrinsic guanylyl cyclase activities. In addition, other factors known to influence ovarian functions are now recognized to act via NO/cGMP pathways. This report will review these previous findings and present new data demonstrating the inhibitory influence of cGMP on cAMP-stimulated LH receptor expression in cultured granulosa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip S LaPolt
- Department of Biological Sciences, 5151 State University Drive, California State University, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA.
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Abstract
This review attempts to give a comprehensive overview of ovarian innervation, considering the whole nervous system and its different levels that may modify the ovarian function. The connection between the ovary and the central nervous system through the autonomic pathways, including the peripheral ganglia, is highlighted. The evidence obtained over the last years highlights the role of the superior ovarian nerve (SON) in the ovarian phenomena. Besides, the effect on the ovary of conventional neurotransmitters and others such as indolamines and peptides, which have been found in this organ, are discussed. Various reproductive diseases have been studied almost exclusively from the endocrine point of view. It is evident that a better knowledge about the role of the neural factors involved in the ovarian physiology may facilitate the understanding of some of these. A review of the concepts and an update of some experimental designs is made that permits clarifying several aspects of the relationship between the neural system and the ovary. At present, there is no doubt that the innervation of the ovary is involved in several physiological aspects of this gland function. However, the relationship of some levels of the nervous system and the ovary offer a wide avenue for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis I Aguado
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción (LABIR), Facultad de Química, Facultad de Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, San Luis, Argentina 5700.
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17
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Vega M, Urrutia L, Iñiguez G, Gabler F, Devoto L, Johnson MC. Nitric oxide induces apoptosis in the human corpus luteum in vitro. Mol Hum Reprod 2000; 6:681-7. [PMID: 10908276 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/6.8.681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the role of nitric oxide (NO) in regression of the human corpus luteum. We therefore examined the effect of both NO and human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) on luteal cell apoptosis, and Bcl-2 production. The effect of NO on oestrogen production during corpus luteum regression was also studied. Slices from corpus luteum collected throughout the luteal phase were incubated for 4 h with the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) substrate, L-arginine (L-Arg, 1 mmol/l), the NOS inhibitor N-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA) (1 mmol/l), or with HCG (10 IU/ml). Oestradiol concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassay; Bcl-2 concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; apoptosis was detected in-situ by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labelling; and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Consistent with our previous findings, L-Arg elicited an inhibitory action on the production of oestradiol (P< 0.05). The number of apoptotic cells increased (P<0.05) from early to late corpus luteum, as did the number of cells positive for the expression of iNOS. The percentage of apoptotic cells in mid and late luteal phase was increased by L-Arg (56% and 310% respectively; P <0.05), and decreased by L-NMMA and HCG. Although no changes were observed in Bcl-2 concentration during the corpus luteum life span, L-Arg inhibited, and HCG augmented, Bcl-2 production (P<0.05) from mid and late corpus luteum cells in vitro. In summary, these results suggest that the opposite actions of L-Arg and HCG on human corpus luteum viability may, in part, be mediated by changes in the level of the anti-apoptotic activities caused by oestradiol and Bcl-2 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Vega
- Institute of Maternal and Child Research and Pathology Department, San Borja-Arriaran Clinical Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Chile
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18
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Abstract
Nitric oxide is a short-lived free radical, that is capable of multiple effects at the molecular, cellular, and physiologic levels. Over the past several years, nitric oxide has been proved to play an important role in the healing of various types of wounds. The present review examines some of the recently defined roles of nitric oxide in normal and pathologic healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- D T Efron
- Department of Surgery, Sinai Hospital of Baltimore, Maryland 21215, USA
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