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Abdallah S, Jampy A, Moison D, Wieckowski M, Messiaen S, Martini E, Campalans A, Radicella JP, Rouiller-Fabre V, Livera G, Guerquin MJ. Foetal exposure to the bisphenols BADGE and BPAF impairs meiosis through DNA oxidation in mouse ovaries. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 317:120791. [PMID: 36464114 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Many endocrine disruptors have been proven to impair the meiotic process which is required for the production of healthy gametes. Bisphenol A is emblematic of such disruptors, as it impairs meiotic prophase I and causes oocyte aneuploidy following in utero exposure. However, the mechanisms underlying these deleterious effects remain poorly understood. Furthermore, the increasing use of BPA alternatives raises concerns for public health. Here, we investigated the effects of foetal exposure to two BPA alternatives, bisphenol A Diglycidyl Ether (BADGE) and bisphenol AF (BPAF), on oogenesis in mice. These compounds delay meiosis initiation, increase the number of MLH1 foci per cell and induce oocyte aneuploidy. We further demonstrate that these defects are accompanied by changes in gene expression in foetal premeiotic germ cells and aberrant mRNA splicing of meiotic genes. We observed an increase in DNA oxidation after exposure to BPA alternatives. Specific induction of oxidative DNA damage during foetal germ cell differentiation causes similar defects during oogenesis, as observed in 8-oxoguanine DNA Glycosylase (OGG1)-deficient mice or after in utero exposure to potassium bromate (KBrO3), an inducer of oxidative DNA damage. The supplementation of BPA alternatives with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) counteracts the effects of bisphenols on meiosis. Together, our results propose oxidative DNA lesion as an event that negatively impacts female meiosis with major consequences on oocyte quality. This could be a common mechanism of action for numerous environmental pro-oxidant pollutants, and its discovery, could lead to reconsider the adverse effect of bisphenol mixtures that are simultaneously present in our environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Abdallah
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, 92260, Fontenay aux Roses, France; Université de Paris-Cité, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, 92260, Fontenay aux Roses, France; Laboratory of the Development of the Gonads, France
| | - Amandine Jampy
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, 92260, Fontenay aux Roses, France; Université de Paris-Cité, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, 92260, Fontenay aux Roses, France; Laboratory of the Development of the Gonads, France
| | - Delphine Moison
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, 92260, Fontenay aux Roses, France; Université de Paris-Cité, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, 92260, Fontenay aux Roses, France; Laboratory of the Development of the Gonads, France
| | - Margaux Wieckowski
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, 92260, Fontenay aux Roses, France; Université de Paris-Cité, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, 92260, Fontenay aux Roses, France; Laboratory of the Development of the Gonads, France
| | - Sébastien Messiaen
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, 92260, Fontenay aux Roses, France; Université de Paris-Cité, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, 92260, Fontenay aux Roses, France; Laboratory of the Development of the Gonads, France
| | - Emmanuelle Martini
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, 92260, Fontenay aux Roses, France; Université de Paris-Cité, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, 92260, Fontenay aux Roses, France; Laboratory of the Development of the Gonads, France
| | - Anna Campalans
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, 92260, Fontenay aux Roses, France; Université de Paris-Cité, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, 92260, Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - Juan Pablo Radicella
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, 92260, Fontenay aux Roses, France; Université de Paris-Cité, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, 92260, Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - Virginie Rouiller-Fabre
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, 92260, Fontenay aux Roses, France; Université de Paris-Cité, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, 92260, Fontenay aux Roses, France; Laboratory of the Development of the Gonads, France
| | - Gabriel Livera
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, 92260, Fontenay aux Roses, France; Université de Paris-Cité, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, 92260, Fontenay aux Roses, France; Laboratory of the Development of the Gonads, France
| | - Marie-Justine Guerquin
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, 92260, Fontenay aux Roses, France; Université de Paris-Cité, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, 92260, Fontenay aux Roses, France; Laboratory of the Development of the Gonads, France.
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Zhang X, Li G, Zhou J, Lv M, Li L, Chen J. Full-length gonad transcriptome analysis of Amur sturgeon Dmrt family genes: identification, characterization, and expression patterns during gonadal differentiation. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2022; 48:839-852. [PMID: 35650309 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-022-01087-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The regulatory mechanisms that govern sex differentiation in sturgeon are still poorly understood. The doublesex and Mab-3-related transcription factor (Dmrt) gene family is known for its extensive roles in sex determination and differentiation across vertebrates. This study aimed to identify new members of sturgeon Dmrt family genes and core actors in the gonadal differentiation of Amur sturgeon. A full-length gonad transcriptome database was exploited to identify Dmrt gene orthologs. Analyses of phylogenetic relationships and selection pressure were performed, and tissue expression profiles and spatiotemporal expression patterns in gonads were then analyzed using real-time PCR. In total, five Dmrt family genes were identified from the full-length gonad transcriptome, including Dmrt2, DmrtA1, DmrtA2, DmrtB1a, and DmrtB1b. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these genes were clustered into clades corresponding to the doublesex/Mav-3 (DM) genes of vertebrates. Furthermore, the analysis of evolutionary selective pressure indicated that DmrtB1a and DmrtB1b were subject to positive selection, suggesting the existence of adaptive evolution in sturgeon. The extensive tissue expression profiling of each Dmrt family gene revealed typical characteristics. Remarkably, according to a spatiotemporal expression pattern analysis, in later stages, DmrtB1b expression increased in testes and was significantly higher in testes than in ovaries at 24 months after hatching (M) and 36 M. This study provides a genetic resource of full-length Dmrt family genes and increases the understanding of Dmrt functions in sex differentiation in sturgeon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujuan Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guanyu Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiabin Zhou
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mei Lv
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Linmiao Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinping Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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A Risk Score Model Based on Nine Differentially Methylated mRNAs for Predicting Prognosis of Patients with Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. DISEASE MARKERS 2021; 2021:8863799. [PMID: 33510822 PMCID: PMC7822694 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8863799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose DNA methylation alterations play important roles in initiation and progression of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). In this study, we attempted to identify differentially methylated mRNA signatures with prognostic value for ccRCC. Methods The mRNA methylation and expression profiling data of 306 ccRCC tumors were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to screen differentially methylated lncRNAs and mRNAs (DMLs and DMMs) between bad and good prognosis patients. Uni- and multivariable Cox regression analyses and LASSO Cox-PH regression analysis were used to select prognostic lncRNAs and mRNAs. Corresponding risk scores were calculated and compared for predictive performance in the training set using Kaplan-Meier OS and ROC curve analyses. The optimal risk score was then identified and validated in the validation set. Function enrichment analysis was conducted. Results This study screened 461 DMMs and 63 DMLs between good prognosis and bad prognosis patients, and furthermore, nine mRNAs and six lncRNAs were identified as potential prognostic molecules. Compared to nine-mRNA status risk score model, six-lncRNA methylation risk score model, and six-lncRNA status risk score model, the nine-mRNA methylation risk score model showed superiority for prognosis stratification of ccRCC patients in the training set. The prognostic ability of the nine-mRNA methylation risk score model was validated in the validation set. The nine prognostic mRNAs were functionally associated with neuroactive ligand receptor interaction and inflammation-related pathways. Conclusion The nine-mRNA methylation signature (DMRTA2, DRGX, FAM167A, FGGY, FOXI2, KRTAP2-1, TCTEX1D1, TTBK1, and UBE2QL1) may be a useful prognostic biomarker and tool for ccRCC patients. The present results would be helpful to elucidate the possible pathogenesis of ccRCC.
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Li T, Zhang H, Wang X, Yin D, Chen N, Kang L, Zhao X, Ma Y. Cloning, Molecular Characterization and Expression Patterns of DMRTC2 Implicated in Germ Cell Development of Male Tibetan Sheep. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072448. [PMID: 32244802 PMCID: PMC7177445 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The double sex and mab-3-related transcription factors like family C2 (DMRTC2) gene is indispensable for mammalian testicular function and spermatogenesis. Despite its importance, what expression and roles of DMRTC2 possesses and how it regulates the testicular development and spermatogenesis in sheep, especially in Tibetan sheep, remains largely unknown. In this study, DMRTC2 cDNA from testes of Tibetan sheep was firstly cloned by the RT-PCR method, and its molecular characterization was identified. Subsequently, the expression and localization patterns of DMRTC2 were evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), Western blot, and immunofluorescence. The cloning and sequence analysis showed that the Tibetan sheep DMRTC2 cDNA fragment contained 1113 bp open reading frame (ORF) capable of encoding 370 amino acids, and displayed high identities with some other mammals, which shared an identical DM domain sequence of 47 amino acids ranged from residues 38 to 84. qPCR and Western blot results showed that DMRTC2 was expressed in testes throughout the development stages while not in epididymides (caput, corpus, and cauda), with higher mRNA and protein abundance in Tibetan sheep testes of one- and three-year-old (post-puberty) compared with that of three-month-old (pre-puberty). Immunofluorescence results revealed that immune staining for DMRTC2 protein was observed in spermatids and spermatogonia from post-puberty Tibetan sheep testes, and gonocytes from pre-puberty Tibetan sheep testes. Together, these results demonstrated, for the first time, in sheep, that DMRTC2, as a highly conserved gene in mammals, is essential for sheep spermatogenesis by regulating the proliferation or differentiation of gonocytes and development of spermatids in ram testes at different stages of maturity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taotao Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (T.L.); (H.Z.); (X.W.); (D.Y.); (N.C.); (L.K.)
- Sheep Breeding Biotechnology Engineering Laboratory of Gansu Province, Minqin 733300, China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (T.L.); (H.Z.); (X.W.); (D.Y.); (N.C.); (L.K.)
| | - Xia Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (T.L.); (H.Z.); (X.W.); (D.Y.); (N.C.); (L.K.)
| | - De′en Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (T.L.); (H.Z.); (X.W.); (D.Y.); (N.C.); (L.K.)
| | - Nana Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (T.L.); (H.Z.); (X.W.); (D.Y.); (N.C.); (L.K.)
| | - Lingyun Kang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (T.L.); (H.Z.); (X.W.); (D.Y.); (N.C.); (L.K.)
| | - Xingxu Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
| | - Youji Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (T.L.); (H.Z.); (X.W.); (D.Y.); (N.C.); (L.K.)
- Sheep Breeding Biotechnology Engineering Laboratory of Gansu Province, Minqin 733300, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-931-763-1225
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Clément Y, Torbey P, Gilardi-Hebenstreit P, Crollius HR. Enhancer-gene maps in the human and zebrafish genomes using evolutionary linkage conservation. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:2357-2371. [PMID: 31943068 PMCID: PMC7049698 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz1199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The spatiotemporal expression of genes is controlled by enhancer sequences that bind transcription factors. Identifying the target genes of enhancers remains difficult because enhancers regulate gene expression over long genomic distances. To address this, we used an evolutionary approach to build two genome-wide maps of predicted enhancer-gene associations in the human and zebrafish genomes. Evolutionary conserved sequences were linked to their predicted target genes using PEGASUS, a bioinformatics method that relies on evolutionary conservation of synteny. The analysis of these maps revealed that the number of predicted enhancers linked to a gene correlate with its expression breadth. Comparison of both maps identified hundreds of putative vertebrate ancestral regulatory relationships from which we could determine that predicted enhancer-gene distances scale with genome size despite strong positional conservation. The two maps represent a resource for further studies, including the prioritization of sequence variants in whole genome sequence of patients affected by genetic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Clément
- École Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, CNRS, Inserm, Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), F-75005 Paris, France
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel:+33 1 57 27 80 35;
| | - Patrick Torbey
- École Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, CNRS, Inserm, Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Pascale Gilardi-Hebenstreit
- École Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, CNRS, Inserm, Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Hugues Roest Crollius
- École Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, CNRS, Inserm, Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), F-75005 Paris, France
- Correspondence may also be addressed to Hugues Roest Crollius. Tel: +33 1 44 32 23 70;
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Eladak S, Moison D, Guerquin MJ, Matilionyte G, Kilcoyne K, N’Tumba-Byn T, Messiaen S, Deceuninck Y, Pozzi-Gaudin S, Benachi A, Livera G, Antignac JP, Mitchell R, Rouiller-Fabre V, Habert R. Effects of environmental Bisphenol A exposures on germ cell development and Leydig cell function in the human fetal testis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191934. [PMID: 29385186 PMCID: PMC5791995 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Using an organotypic culture system termed human Fetal Testis Assay (hFeTA) we previously showed that 0.01 μM BPA decreases basal, but not LH-stimulated, testosterone secreted by the first trimester human fetal testis. The present study was conducted to determine the potential for a long-term antiandrogenic effect of BPA using a xenograft model, and also to study the effect of BPA on germ cell development using both the hFETA and xenograft models. METHODS Using the hFeTA system, first trimester testes were cultured for 3 days with 0.01 to 10 μM BPA. For xenografts, adult castrate male nude mice were injected with hCG and grafted with first trimester testes. Host mice received 10 μM BPA (~ 500 μg/kg/day) in their drinking water for 5 weeks. Plasma levels of total and unconjugated BPA were 0.10 μM and 0.038 μM respectively. Mice grafted with second trimester testes received 0.5 and 50 μg/kg/day BPA by oral gavage for 5 weeks. RESULTS With first trimester human testes, using the hFeTA model, 10 μM BPA increased germ cell apoptosis. In xenografts, germ cell density was also reduced by BPA exposure. Importantly, BPA exposure significantly decreased the percentage of germ cells expressing the pluripotency marker AP-2γ, whilst the percentage of those expressing the pre-spermatogonial marker MAGE-A4 significantly increased. BPA exposure did not affect hCG-stimulated androgen production in first and second trimester xenografts as evaluated by both plasma testosterone level and seminal vesicle weight in host mice. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to BPA at environmentally relevant concentrations impairs germ cell development in first trimester human fetal testis, whilst gonadotrophin-stimulated testosterone production was unaffected in both first and second trimester testis. Studies using first trimester human fetal testis demonstrate the complementarity of the FeTA and xenograft models for determining the respective short-term and long term effects of environmental exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soria Eladak
- Univ. Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratory of Development of the Gonads, Unit of Genetic Stability, Stem Cells and Radiation, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- CEA, DSV, iRCM, SCSR, LDG, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- INSERM, Unité 967, Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - Delphine Moison
- Univ. Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratory of Development of the Gonads, Unit of Genetic Stability, Stem Cells and Radiation, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- CEA, DSV, iRCM, SCSR, LDG, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- INSERM, Unité 967, Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - Marie-Justine Guerquin
- Univ. Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratory of Development of the Gonads, Unit of Genetic Stability, Stem Cells and Radiation, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- CEA, DSV, iRCM, SCSR, LDG, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- INSERM, Unité 967, Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - Gabriele Matilionyte
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, The University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Karen Kilcoyne
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, The University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Thierry N’Tumba-Byn
- Univ. Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratory of Development of the Gonads, Unit of Genetic Stability, Stem Cells and Radiation, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- CEA, DSV, iRCM, SCSR, LDG, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- INSERM, Unité 967, Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - Sébastien Messiaen
- Univ. Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratory of Development of the Gonads, Unit of Genetic Stability, Stem Cells and Radiation, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- CEA, DSV, iRCM, SCSR, LDG, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- INSERM, Unité 967, Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - Yoann Deceuninck
- Laboratoire d’Etude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments (LABERCA), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire Agroalimentaire et de l’Alimentation Nantes Atlantique (ONIRIS), Nantes, France
| | - Stéphanie Pozzi-Gaudin
- Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique et Médecine de la Reproduction, Hôpital A. Béclère, Université Paris Sud, Clamart, France
| | - Alexandra Benachi
- Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique et Médecine de la Reproduction, Hôpital A. Béclère, Université Paris Sud, Clamart, France
| | - Gabriel Livera
- Univ. Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratory of Development of the Gonads, Unit of Genetic Stability, Stem Cells and Radiation, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- CEA, DSV, iRCM, SCSR, LDG, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- INSERM, Unité 967, Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Antignac
- Laboratoire d’Etude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments (LABERCA), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire Agroalimentaire et de l’Alimentation Nantes Atlantique (ONIRIS), Nantes, France
| | - Rod Mitchell
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, The University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Virginie Rouiller-Fabre
- Univ. Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratory of Development of the Gonads, Unit of Genetic Stability, Stem Cells and Radiation, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- CEA, DSV, iRCM, SCSR, LDG, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- INSERM, Unité 967, Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - René Habert
- Univ. Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratory of Development of the Gonads, Unit of Genetic Stability, Stem Cells and Radiation, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- CEA, DSV, iRCM, SCSR, LDG, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- INSERM, Unité 967, Fontenay aux Roses, France
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Isaacson D, Shen J, Cao M, Sinclair A, Yue X, Cunha G, Baskin L. Renal Subcapsular xenografing of human fetal external genital tissue - A new model for investigating urethral development. Differentiation 2017; 98:1-13. [PMID: 29031189 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 08/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we introduce our novel renal subcapsular xenograft model for the study of human penile urethral and clitoral development. We grafted fifteen intact fetal penes and clitorides 8-11 weeks fetal age under the renal capsules of gonadectomized athymic mice. The mice were treated with a subcutaneous pellet of dihydrotestosterone (DHT), diethylstilbestrol (DES) or untreated with hormones. Xenografts were harvested after fourteen days of growth and analyzed via serial histologic sectioning and immunostaining for Ki-67, cytokeratins 6, 7 and 10, uroplakin and the androgen receptor. Non-grafted specimens of similar fetal age were sectioned and immunostained for the same antigenic markers. 14/15 (93.3%) grafts were successfully propagated and harvested. The developing urethral plate, urethral groove, tubular urethra, corporal bodies and preputial lamina were easily identifiable. These structures demonstrated robust cellularity, appropriate architecture and abundant Ki-67 expression. Expression patterns of cytokeratins 6, 7 and 10, uroplakin and the androgen receptor in xenografted specimens demonstrated characteristic male/female differences analogous to non-grafted specimens. DHT treatment reliably produced tubularization of nascent urethral and vestibular structures and male patterns of androgen receptor expression in grafts of both genetic sexes while estrogenic or hormonally absent conditions reliably resulted in a persistent open urethral/vestibular groove and female patterns of androgen receptor expression. This model's success enables further study into causal pathways by which endocrine-disrupting and endocrine-mimicking substances may directly cause disruption of normal human urethral development or hypospadias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan Isaacson
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Joel Shen
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mei Cao
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Adriane Sinclair
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Xuan Yue
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Gerald Cunha
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Laurence Baskin
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Division of Pediatric Urology, University of California San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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8
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Zhang T, Zarkower D. DMRT proteins and coordination of mammalian spermatogenesis. Stem Cell Res 2017; 24:195-202. [PMID: 28774758 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2017.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
DMRT genes encode a deeply conserved family of transcription factors that share a unique DNA binding motif, the DM domain. DMRTs regulate development in a broad variety of metazoans and they appear to have controlled sexual differentiation for hundreds of millions of years. In mice, starting during embryonic development, three Dmrt genes act sequentially to help establish and maintain spermatogenesis. Dmrt1 has notably diverse functions that include repressing pluripotency genes and promoting mitotic arrest in embryonic germ cells, reactivating prospermatogonia perinatally, establishing and maintaining spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs), promoting spermatogonial differentiation, and controlling the mitosis/meiosis switch. Dmrt6 acts in differentiating spermatogonia to coordinate an orderly exit from the mitotic/spermatogonial program and allow proper timing of entry to the meiotic/spermatocyte program. Finally, Dmrt7 takes over during the first meiotic prophase to help choreograph a transition in histone modifications that maintains transcriptional silencing of the sex chromosomes. The combined action of these three Dmrt genes helps ensure robust and sustainable spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Zhang
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, and Developmental Biology Center, University of Minnesota Medical School, 6-160 Jackson Hall, 321 Church St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - David Zarkower
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, and Developmental Biology Center, University of Minnesota Medical School, 6-160 Jackson Hall, 321 Church St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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9
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Zhong T, Men Y, Lu L, Geng T, Zhou J, Mitsuhashi A, Shozu M, Maihle NJ, Carmichael GG, Taylor HS, Huang Y. Metformin alters DNA methylation genome-wide via the H19/SAHH axis. Oncogene 2017; 36:2345-2354. [PMID: 27775072 PMCID: PMC5415944 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms underlying the antineoplastic properties of metformin, a first-line drug for type 2 diabetes, remain elusive. Here we report that metformin induces genome-wide alterations in DNA methylation by modulating the activity of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (SAHH). Exposing cancer cells to metformin leads to hypermethylation of tumor-promoting pathway genes and concomitant inhibition of cell proliferation. Metformin acts by upregulating microRNA let-7 through AMPK activation, leading to degradation of H19 long noncoding RNA, which normally binds to and inactivates SAHH. H19 knockdown activates SAHH, enabling DNA methyltransferase 3B to methylate a subset of genes. This metformin-induced H19 repression and alteration of gene methylation are recapitulated in endometrial cancer tissue samples obtained from patients treated with antidiabetic doses of metformin. Our findings unveil a novel mechanism of action for the drug metformin with implications for the molecular basis of epigenetic dysregulation in cancer. This novel mechanism of action also may be occurring in normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Zhong
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Y Men
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - L Lu
- Department of Chronic Diseases Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - T Geng
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - J Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - A Mitsuhashi
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - M Shozu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - N J Maihle
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - G G Carmichael
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - H S Taylor
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Y Huang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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10
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Rosario R, Adams IR, Anderson RA. Is there a role for DAZL in human female fertility? Mol Hum Reprod 2016; 22:377-83. [PMID: 26989066 PMCID: PMC4884919 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaw024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The RNA binding protein deleted in azoospermia-like (Dazl) is a key determinant of germ cell maturation and entry into meiosis in rodents and other animal species. Although the complex phenotype of Dazl deficiency in both sexes, with defects at multiple stages of germ cell development and during meiosis, demonstrates its obligate significance in fertility in animal models, its involvement in human fertility is less clear. As an RNA binding protein, identification of the in vivo mRNA targets of DAZL is necessary to understand its influence. Thus far, only a small number of Dazl targets have been identified, which typically have pivotal roles in germ cell development and meiotic progression. However, it is likely that there are a number of additional germ cell and meiosis-relevant transcripts whose translation is affected in the absence of Dazl. Efforts to identify these RNA targets have mainly been focused on spermatogenesis, and restricted to mouse. In women, prophase I occurs in fetal life and it is during this period that the ovarian follicle pool is established, thus factors that have a role in determining the quality and quantity of the ovarian reserve may have significant impact on reproductive outcomes later in adult life. Here, we suggest that DAZL may be one such factor, and there is a need for greater understanding of the role of DAZL in human oogenesis and its contribution to lifelong female fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roseanne Rosario
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Ian R Adams
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Richard A Anderson
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
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11
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Wnt signaling in testis development: Unnecessary or essential? Gene 2015; 565:155-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.04.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 03/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Spade DJ, McDonnell EV, Heger NE, Sanders JA, Saffarini CM, Gruppuso PA, De Paepe ME, Boekelheide K. Xenotransplantation models to study the effects of toxicants on human fetal tissues. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 101:410-22. [PMID: 25477288 DOI: 10.1002/bdrb.21131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Many diseases that manifest throughout the lifetime are influenced by factors affecting fetal development. Fetal exposure to xenobiotics, in particular, may influence the development of adult diseases. Established animal models provide systems for characterizing both developmental biology and developmental toxicology. However, animal model systems do not allow researchers to assess the mechanistic effects of toxicants on developing human tissue. Human fetal tissue xenotransplantation models have recently been implemented to provide human-relevant mechanistic data on the many tissue-level functions that may be affected by fetal exposure to toxicants. This review describes the development of human fetal tissue xenotransplant models for testis, prostate, lung, liver, and adipose tissue, aimed at studying the effects of xenobiotics on tissue development, including implications for testicular dysgenesis, prostate disease, lung disease, and metabolic syndrome. The mechanistic data obtained from these models can complement data from epidemiology, traditional animal models, and in vitro studies to quantify the risks of toxicant exposures during human development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Spade
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
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