1
|
Sepponen K, Lundin K, Yohannes DA, Vuoristo S, Balboa D, Poutanen M, Ohlsson C, Hustad S, Bifulco E, Paloviita P, Otonkoski T, Ritvos O, Sainio K, Tapanainen JS, Tuuri T. Steroidogenic factor 1 (NR5A1) induces multiple transcriptional changes during differentiation of human gonadal-like cells. Differentiation 2022; 128:83-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
2
|
Planinić A, Marić T, Bojanac AK, Ježek D. Reinke crystals: Hallmarks of adult Leydig cells in humans. Andrology 2022; 10:1107-1120. [DOI: 10.1111/andr.13201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Planinić
- Department of Histology and Embryology University of Zagreb School of Medicine
- Scientific Centre of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine University of Zagreb School of Medicine
| | - Tihana Marić
- Scientific Centre of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine University of Zagreb School of Medicine
- Department of Medical Biology University of Zagreb School of Medicine
| | - Ana Katušić Bojanac
- Scientific Centre of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine University of Zagreb School of Medicine
- Department of Medical Biology University of Zagreb School of Medicine
| | - Davor Ježek
- Department of Histology and Embryology University of Zagreb School of Medicine
- Scientific Centre of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine University of Zagreb School of Medicine
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Guan X, Chen P, Ji M, Wen X, Chen D, Zhao X, Huang F, Wang J, Shao J, Xie J, Zhao X, Chen F, Tian J, Lin H, Zirkin BR, Duan P, Su Z, Chen H. Identification of Rat Testicular Leydig Precursor Cells by Single-Cell-RNA-Sequence Analysis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:805249. [PMID: 35242757 PMCID: PMC8887666 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.805249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem Leydig cells (SLCs) play a critical role in the development and maintenance of the adult Leydig cell (ALC) population. SLCs also are present in the adult testis. Their identification, characteristics, and regulation in the adult testis remain uncertain. Using single-cell RNA-seq, we found that the mesenchymal stromal population may be involved in ALC regeneration. Upon ALC elimination, a fraction of stromal cells begins to proliferate while a different fraction begins to differentiate to ALCs. Transcriptomic analysis identified five stromal clusters that can be classified into two major groups representing proliferation and differentiation populations. The proliferating group represents stem cells expressing high levels of CD90, Nes, Lum, Fn and Gap43. The differentiating group represents a progenitor stage that is ready to form ALCs, and specifically expresses Vtn, Rasl11a, Id1 and Egr2. The observation that the actively dividing cells after ALC loss were not those that formed ALCs suggests that stem cell proliferation and differentiation are regulated separately, and that the maintenance of the stromal stem cell pool occurs at the population level. The study also identified specific markers for the major interstitial cell groups and potential paracrine factors involved in the regulation of SLCs. Our data suggest a new theory about SLC identity, proliferation, differentiation, and regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoju Guan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Panpan Chen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Minpeng Ji
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xin Wen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Dan Chen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xingyi Zhao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Fu Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jiexia Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Shao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jiajia Xie
- Department of Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xingxing Zhao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Fenfen Chen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jing Tian
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Han Lin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Barry R Zirkin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ping Duan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhijian Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haolin Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kliesch S. [Diagnosis and treatment of Leydig cell tumors]. Urologe A 2021; 60:880-885. [PMID: 34223942 DOI: 10.1007/s00120-021-01576-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumors of the testes not originating from germinal epithelium are a rare entity and represent a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Leydig cell tumors (LCT) are rare stromal tumors of the testis. OBJECTIVES To present current approaches in diagnostic and treatment of LCT. METHODS A literature search in PubMed was performed and the currently available guidelines concerning LCT were evaluated. Articles and book chapters were selected based on relevance to daily practice. RESULTS The low incidence of Leydig cell tumors not originating from the germinal epithelium, but from the stroma of the testis requires a standardized approach to determine relevant differential diagnosis and to optimize diagnosis and treatment depending on the current standard of knowledge and to determine whether it is benign or malignant. While more than 90% of LCT are benign and treatment is only restricted to the testis, malignant subtypes require radical surgical resection of the testicular and metastatic sites. CONCLUSION A standardized diagnostic and therapeutic approach as well as a prospective registry of rare LCT could facilitate further detailed analysis to improve the understanding of tumor biology resulting in optimized therapeutic guidelines including follow-up strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Kliesch
- Abteilung für Klinische und Operative Andrologie, Centrum für Reproduktionsmedizin und Andrologie (CeRA), EAA Training Center, WHO Kooperationszentrum zur Erforschung der männlichen Fertilität, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, D11, 48149, Münster, Deutschland.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mularoni V, Esposito V, Di Persio S, Vicini E, Spadetta G, Berloco P, Fanelli F, Mezzullo M, Pagotto U, Pelusi C, Nielsen JE, Rajpert-De Meyts E, Jorgensen N, Jorgensen A, Boitani C. Age-related changes in human Leydig cell status. Hum Reprod 2021; 35:2663-2676. [PMID: 33094328 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deaa271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION What are the consequences of ageing on human Leydig cell number and hormonal function? SUMMARY ANSWER Leydig cell number significantly decreases in parallel with INSL3 expression and Sertoli cell number in aged men, yet the in vitro Leydig cell androgenic potential does not appear to be compromised by advancing age. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY There is extensive evidence that ageing is accompanied by decline in serum testosterone levels, a general involution of testis morphology and reduced spermatogenic function. A few studies have previously addressed single features of the human aged testis phenotype one at a time, but mostly in tissue from patients with prostate cancer. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This comprehensive study examined testis morphology, Leydig cell and Sertoli cell number, steroidogenic enzyme expression, INSL3 expression and androgen secretion by testicular fragments in vitro. The majority of these endpoints were concomitantly evaluated in the same individuals that all displayed complete spermatogenesis. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Testis biopsies were obtained from 15 heart beating organ donors (age range: 19-85 years) and 24 patients (age range: 19-45 years) with complete spermatogenesis. Leydig cells and Sertoli cells were counted following identification by immunohistochemical staining of specific cell markers. Gene expression analysis of INSL3 and steroidogenic enzymes was carried out by qRT-PCR. Secretion of 17-OH-progesterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, androstenedione and testosterone by in vitro cultured testis fragments was measured by LC-MS/MS. All endpoints were analysed in relation to age. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Increasing age was negatively associated with Leydig cell number (R = -0.49; P < 0.01) and concomitantly with the Sertoli cell population size (R= -0.55; P < 0.001). A positive correlation (R = 0.57; P < 0.001) between Sertoli cell and Leydig cell numbers was detected at all ages, indicating that somatic cell attrition is a relevant cellular manifestation of human testis status during ageing. INSL3 mRNA expression (R= -0.52; P < 0.05) changed in parallel with Leydig cell number and age. Importantly, steroidogenic capacity of Leydig cells in cultured testis tissue fragments from young and old donors did not differ. Consistently, age did not influence the mRNA expression of steroidogenic enzymes. The described changes in Leydig cell phenotype with ageing are strengthened by the fact that the different age-related effects were mostly evaluated in tissue from the same men. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION In vitro androgen production analysis could not be correlated with in vivo hormone values of the organ donors. In addition, the number of samples was relatively small and there was scarce information about the concomitant presence of potential confounding variables. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS This study provides a novel insight into the effects of ageing on human Leydig cell status. The correlation between Leydig cell number and Sertoli cell number at any age implies a connection between these two cell types, which may be of particular relevance in understanding male reproductive disorders in the elderly. However aged Leydig cells do not lose their in vitro ability to produce androgens. Our data have implications in the understanding of the physiological role and regulation of intratesticular sex steroid levels during the complex process of ageing in humans. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This work was supported by grants from Prin 2010 and 2017. The authors have no conflicts of interest. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Mularoni
- Section of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopedic Sciences, University of Rome "La Sapienza", 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Esposito
- Section of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopedic Sciences, University of Rome "La Sapienza", 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Di Persio
- Section of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopedic Sciences, University of Rome "La Sapienza", 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Vicini
- Section of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopedic Sciences, University of Rome "La Sapienza", 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Gustavo Spadetta
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrological, Anesthesiological and Geriatric Sciences, University of Rome "La Sapienza", 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Pasquale Berloco
- Department of General and Specialistic Surgery "Paride Stefanini", University of Rome "La Sapienza", 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Flaminia Fanelli
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Prevention and Care-Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Centre for Applied Biomedical Research, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Mezzullo
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Prevention and Care-Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Centre for Applied Biomedical Research, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Uberto Pagotto
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Prevention and Care-Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Centre for Applied Biomedical Research, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Carla Pelusi
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Prevention and Care-Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Centre for Applied Biomedical Research, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - John E Nielsen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet 2100, Denmark, Copenhagen
| | - Ewa Rajpert-De Meyts
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet 2100, Denmark, Copenhagen
| | - Niels Jorgensen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet 2100, Denmark, Copenhagen
| | - Anne Jorgensen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet 2100, Denmark, Copenhagen
| | - Carla Boitani
- Section of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopedic Sciences, University of Rome "La Sapienza", 00161 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
|
7
|
Cai Z, Niu Y, Li H. RNA N6-methyladenosine modification, spermatogenesis, and human male infertility. Mol Hum Reprod 2021; 27:6179814. [PMID: 33749751 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaab020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification is one of the main forms of posttranscriptional modification, and its dysregulation is involved in a series of pathological processes. RNA m6A regulators, which mediate dynamic RNA m6A modification, are expressed in almost all types of testicular cells, including spermatogenetic cells and somatic cells. Cumulative studies have found that knockout of RNA m6A regulators in the testis leads to abnormal metabolism of the target mRNAs, which eventually causes spermatogenetic disorders and infertility. To date, a role for dysregulated RNA m6A modification in human male infertility remains elusive; however, dysregulated expression of RNA m6A regulators in abnormal human semen samples, including oligospermia, asthenozoospermia and azoospermia, has been found. Therefore, we speculate that abnormal RNA m6A methylation may be an important mechanism of male infertility. In this review, we summarize the recent findings regarding the spatiotemporal expression of RNA m6A regulators in the testes, mechanisms of RNA m6A modification in spermatogenesis and the relation between dysregulated RNA m6A regulators and human male infertility. In addition, we also discuss future directions in studying the molecular mechanism of male infertility and exploring their clinical applications from the viewpoint of RNA m6A modification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhonglin Cai
- Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yamei Niu
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Science, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hongjun Li
- Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Paduch DA, Hilz S, Grimson A, Schlegel PN, Jedlicka AE, Wright WW. Aberrant gene expression by Sertoli cells in infertile men with Sertoli cell-only syndrome. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216586. [PMID: 31071133 PMCID: PMC6508736 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sertoli cell-only (SCO) syndrome is a severe form of human male infertility seemingly characterized by the lack all spermatogenic cells. However, tubules of some SCO testes contain small patches of active spermatogenesis and thus spermatogonial stem cells. We hypothesized that these stem cells cannot replicate and seed spermatogenesis in barren areas of tubule because as-of-yet unrecognized deficits in Sertoli cell gene expression disable most stem cell niches. Performing the first thorough comparison of the transcriptomes of human testes exhibiting complete spermatogenesis with the transcriptomes of testes with SCO syndrome, we defined transcripts that are both predominantly expressed by Sertoli cells and expressed at aberrant levels in SCO testes. Some of these transcripts encode proteins required for the proper assembly of adherent and gap junctions at sites of contact with other cells, including spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs). Other transcripts encode GDNF, FGF8 and BMP4, known regulators of mouse SSCs. Thus, most SCO Sertoli cells can neither organize junctions at normal sites of cell-cell contact nor stimulate SSCs with adequate levels of growth factors. We propose that the critical deficits in Sertoli cell gene expression we have identified contribute to the inability of spermatogonial stem cells within small patches of spermatogenesis in some SCO testes to seed spermatogenesis to adjacent areas of tubule that are barren of spermatogenesis. Furthermore, we predict that one or more of these deficits in gene expression are primary causes of human SCO syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Darius A. Paduch
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
| | - Stephanie Hilz
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Genomic Analysis and Sequencing Core Facility, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Andrew Grimson
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Peter N. Schlegel
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Anne E. Jedlicka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - William W. Wright
- Consulting Research Services, Inc, North Bergen, N.J., United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Moradi A, Forootan FS, Hosseini M, Pouresmaeili F. Leydig cells express the FABP9 in human testis. Hum Antibodies 2019; 27:275-278. [PMID: 31127760 DOI: 10.3233/hab-190382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that the FABP9/PERF15 gene is expressed in mice and in some other mammals in the testicles and in the spermatozoa, and its possible effect on the ability of the sperm to form and maintain the nucleus until fertilization. OBJECTIVE Since the FABP9 homologue gene exists in humans, and so far no research has been done to indicate the exact location of this gene in the organism, it is necessary to find a better interpretation of its possible performance by its localization in the testis. MATERIAL AND METHODS Biopsied testicular tissue samples after sectioning and embedding on class slide were subjected to IHC with specific monoclonal antibody and underwent final staining with hematoxylin and eventually evaluated by light microscope. RESULTS The antibody could successfully bind and detect its related protein, FABP9, in Leydig cells rather than spermatogenic cells. CONCLUSION The expression of FABP9 in a different cell type rather than spermatogenic cells in other mammals, reports of a plausible different function for the gene product like its involvement in fertility potential in homo sapiens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Afshin Moradi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Shohada Tajrish Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad S Forootan
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
- Legal Medicine Research Center, Legal Medicine Organization, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Shohada Tajrish Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Farkhondeh Pouresmaeili
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Infertility and Reproductive Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Nordkap L, Almstrup K, Nielsen JE, Bang AK, Priskorn L, Krause M, Holmboe SA, Winge SB, Egeberg Palme DL, Mørup N, Petersen JH, Juul A, Skakkebaek NE, Rajpert-De Meyts E, Jørgensen N. Possible involvement of the glucocorticoid receptor (NR3C1) and selected NR3C1
gene variants in regulation of human testicular function. Andrology 2017; 5:1105-1114. [DOI: 10.1111/andr.12418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Nordkap
- Department of Growth and Reproduction and International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC); Rigshospitalet; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Ø Denmark
| | - K. Almstrup
- Department of Growth and Reproduction and International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC); Rigshospitalet; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Ø Denmark
| | - J. E. Nielsen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction and International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC); Rigshospitalet; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Ø Denmark
| | - A. K. Bang
- Department of Growth and Reproduction and International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC); Rigshospitalet; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Ø Denmark
| | - L. Priskorn
- Department of Growth and Reproduction and International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC); Rigshospitalet; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Ø Denmark
| | - M. Krause
- Department of Growth and Reproduction and International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC); Rigshospitalet; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Ø Denmark
| | - S. A. Holmboe
- Department of Growth and Reproduction and International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC); Rigshospitalet; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Ø Denmark
| | - S. B. Winge
- Department of Growth and Reproduction and International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC); Rigshospitalet; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Ø Denmark
| | - D. L. Egeberg Palme
- Department of Growth and Reproduction and International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC); Rigshospitalet; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Ø Denmark
| | - N. Mørup
- Department of Growth and Reproduction and International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC); Rigshospitalet; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Ø Denmark
| | - J. H. Petersen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction and International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC); Rigshospitalet; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Ø Denmark
- Department of Biostatistics; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - A. Juul
- Department of Growth and Reproduction and International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC); Rigshospitalet; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Ø Denmark
| | - N. E. Skakkebaek
- Department of Growth and Reproduction and International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC); Rigshospitalet; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Ø Denmark
| | - E. Rajpert-De Meyts
- Department of Growth and Reproduction and International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC); Rigshospitalet; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Ø Denmark
| | - N. Jørgensen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction and International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC); Rigshospitalet; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Ø Denmark
| |
Collapse
|