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Zhao X, Yan F, Li X, Qu D, Xu Y. A systematic review of tea pigments: Prevention of major diseases, protection of organs, and potential mechanisms and applications. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:6830-6844. [PMID: 37970420 PMCID: PMC10630803 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
With the growing awareness of a healthy life, tea pigments (TPGs) are in focus for their health benefits. TPGs not only provide specific color to tea liquor but also possess health benefits such as anti-obesity, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, anti-oxidative, and bacteriostatic properties. Also, TPGs can benefit bone, liver, kidney, cardiovascular, gut microbiome, and sleep health. Based on previous reports, this review provides a brief introduction to the health benefits of TPGs, focusing on the prevention of human diseases and the protection of organs. Also, the latest research on the functional mechanism(s), practical application, and development strategies of TPGs is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhao
- Qinba Black Tea Research Institute, Shaanxi University of TechnologyHanzhongChina
| | - Fei Yan
- Qinba Black Tea Research Institute, Shaanxi University of TechnologyHanzhongChina
- Shaanxi Bio‐Resources Key LaboratoryHanzhongChina
- Coordination and Innovation Center for Comprehensive Development of Qinba Biological ResourcesHanzhongChina
- College of Biological Science and EngineeringShaanxi University of TechnologyHanzhongChina
| | - Xin‐Sheng Li
- Qinba Black Tea Research Institute, Shaanxi University of TechnologyHanzhongChina
- Shaanxi Bio‐Resources Key LaboratoryHanzhongChina
- Coordination and Innovation Center for Comprehensive Development of Qinba Biological ResourcesHanzhongChina
- College of Biological Science and EngineeringShaanxi University of TechnologyHanzhongChina
| | - Dong Qu
- Shaanxi Bio‐Resources Key LaboratoryHanzhongChina
- Coordination and Innovation Center for Comprehensive Development of Qinba Biological ResourcesHanzhongChina
- College of Biological Science and EngineeringShaanxi University of TechnologyHanzhongChina
| | - Yue‐Ling Xu
- Qinba Black Tea Research Institute, Shaanxi University of TechnologyHanzhongChina
- College of Biological Science and EngineeringShaanxi University of TechnologyHanzhongChina
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Helvacıoğlu S, Charehsaz M, Güzelmeriç E, Oçkun MA, Ayran İ, Kırmızıbekmez H, Kan Y, Aydın A, Yeşilada E. Protective Effect of Nigella sativa and Nigella damascena Fixed Oils Against Aflatoxin Induced Mutagenicity in the Classical and Modified Ames Test. Chem Biodivers 2021; 18:e2000936. [PMID: 34432933 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202000936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The antioxidant and mutagenic/antimutagenic activities of the fixed oils from Nigella sativa (NSO) and Nigella damascena (NDO) seeds, obtained by cold press-extraction from the cultivar samples, were comparatively investigated for the first time. The antimutagenicity test was carried out using classical and modified Ames tests. The fatty acid composition of the fixed oils was characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) while the quantification of thymoquinone in the fixed oils was determined by UPC2 . The main components of the NSO and NDO were found to be linoleic acid, oleic acid, and palmitic acid. The results of the Ames test confirmed the safety of NSO and NDO from the viewpoint of mutagenicity. The results of the three antioxidant test methods were correlated with each other, indicating NDO as having a superior antioxidant activity, when compared to the NSO. Both NSO and NDO exhibited a significant protective effect against the mutagenicity induced by aflatoxin B1 in Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 strains. When microsomal metabolism was terminated after metabolic activation of the mycotoxin, a significant increase in antimutagenic activity was observed, suggesting that the degradation of aflatoxin B1 epoxides by these oils may be a possible antimutagenic mechanism. It is worthy to note that this is the first study to assess the mutagenicity of NSO and NDO according to the OECD 471 guideline and to investigate antimutagenicity of NDO in comparison to NSO against aflatoxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinem Helvacıoğlu
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yeditepe University, 34755, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mohammad Charehsaz
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yeditepe University, 34755, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Etil Güzelmeriç
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yeditepe University, 34755, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Ali Oçkun
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Yeditepe University, 34755, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - İrem Ayran
- Selçuk University, Agriculture Faculty, Department of Medicinal Plants, 42130, Konya, Turkey
| | - Hasan Kırmızıbekmez
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yeditepe University, 34755, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yüksel Kan
- Selçuk University, Agriculture Faculty, Department of Medicinal Plants, 42130, Konya, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Aydın
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yeditepe University, 34755, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Erdem Yeşilada
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yeditepe University, 34755, Istanbul, Turkey
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Gomes DAS, Alves JPDS, da Silva EGP, Novaes CG, Silva DS, Aguiar RM, Araújo SA, dos Santos ACL, Bezerra MA. Evaluation of metal content in tea samples commercialized in sachets using multivariate data analysis techniques. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.104248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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The Antibiotic Trimethoprim Displays Strong Mutagenic Synergy with 2-Aminopurine. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2019; 63:AAC.01577-18. [PMID: 30509944 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01577-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We show that trimethoprim (TMP), an antibiotic in current use, displays a strong synergistic effect on mutagenesis in Escherichia coli when paired with the base analog 2-aminopurine (2AP), resulting in a 35-fold increase in mutation frequencies in the rpoB-Rifr system. Combination therapies are often employed both as antibiotic treatments and in cancer chemotherapy. However, mutagenic effects of these combinations are rarely examined. An analysis of the mutational spectra of TMP, 2AP, and their combination indicates that together they trigger a response via an alteration in deoxynucleoside triphosphate (dNTP) ratios that neither compound alone can trigger. A similar, although less strong, response is seen with the frameshift mutagen ICR191 and 2AP. These results underscore the need for testing the effects on mutagenesis of combinations of antibiotics and chemotherapeutics.
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Miller JH. Mutagenesis: Interactions with a parallel universe. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2018; 776:78-81. [PMID: 29807579 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Unexpected observations in mutagenesis research have led to a new perspective in this personal reflection based on years of studying mutagenesis. Many mutagens have been thought to operate via a single principal mechanism, with secondary effects usually resulting in only minor changes in the observed mutation frequencies and spectra. For example, we conceive of base analogs as resulting in direct mispairing as their main mechanism of mutagenesis. Recent studies now show that in fact even these simple mutagens can cause very large and unanticipated effects both in mutation frequencies and in the mutational spectra when used in certain pair-wise combinations. Here we characterize this leap in mutation frequencies as a transport to an alternate universe of mutagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey H Miller
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, The Molecular, Biology Institute, and The David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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Pu-erh black tea extract supplementation attenuates the oxidative DNA damage and oxidative stress in Sprague–Dawley rats with renal dysfunction induced by subchronic 3-methyl-2-quinoxalin benzenevinylketo-1,4-dioxide exposure. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:147-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2011.10.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2011] [Revised: 09/22/2011] [Accepted: 10/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Snijman PW, Swanevelder S, Joubert E, Green IR, Gelderblom WCA. The antimutagenic activity of the major flavonoids of rooibos (Aspalathus linearis): some dose-response effects on mutagen activation-flavonoid interactions. Mutat Res 2007; 631:111-23. [PMID: 17537670 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2007.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2006] [Revised: 02/25/2007] [Accepted: 03/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The antimutagenic properties of the most prevalent flavonoids in rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) were compared in the Salmonella typhimurium mutagenicity assay using tester strains TA98 and TA100 with, respectively, 2-acetamido-fluorene (2-AAF) and aflatoxin B(1) (AFB(1)) as mutagens in the presence of metabolic activation. The flavonoids included the dihydrochalcones aspalathin and nothofagin and their flavone analogues, orientin and isoorientin, and vitexin and isovitexin, respectively, as well as luteolin, chrysoeriol, (+)-catechin, quercetin, isoquercitrin, hyperoside and rutin. Flavonoid-mutagen interactions ranged from antimutagenic, comutagenic and promutagenic to mutagenic, while dose-response effects were mutagen-specific and ranged from typical to atypical including biphasic and threshold effects. Aspalathin and nothofagin and their structural flavonoid analogues displayed moderate antimutagenic properties while luteolin and to some extent, chrysoeriol, showed activities comparable to those of the green tea flavonoid (-) epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). Apart from their mutagenic and promutagenic properties, quercetin and isoquercitrin exhibited concentration-dependent comutagenic and/or antimutagenic effects against 2-AAF- and AFB(1)-induced mutagenesis. Different structural parameters known to affect the antimutagenic properties of flavonoids include their hydrophilic or lipophilic nature due to the extent of hydroxylation and O-methylation, glycosylation on the A and B rings, the C4-keto group and the C2-C3 double bond. The C ring does not appear to be a prerequisite when comparing for the antimutagenic activity of the dihydrochalcones when compared of the dihydrochalcones with the structural flavone analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra W Snijman
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
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van der Merwe JD, Joubert E, Richards ES, Manley M, Snijman PW, Marnewick JL, Gelderblom WCA. A comparative study on the antimutagenic properties of aqueous extracts of Aspalathus linearis (rooibos), different Cyclopia spp. (honeybush) and Camellia sinensis teas. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2006; 611:42-53. [PMID: 16949333 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2006.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2005] [Revised: 06/06/2006] [Accepted: 06/30/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Antimutagenic activity of aqueous extracts of the South African herbal teas, Aspalathus linearis (rooibos) and Cyclopia spp. (honeybush) was compared with that of Camellia sinensis (black, oolong and green) teas in the Salmonella mutagenicity assay using aflatoxin B(1) (AFB(1)) and 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF) as mutagens. The present study presents the first investigation on antimutagenic properties of C. subternata, C. genistoides and C. sessiliflora. The herbal teas demonstrated protection against both mutagens in the presence of metabolic activation, with the exception of "unfermented" (green/unoxidised) C. genistoides against 2-AAF, which either protected or enhanced mutagenesis depending on the concentration. Antimutagenic activity of "fermented" (oxidised) rooibos was significantly (P<0.05) less than that of Camellia sinensis teas against AFB(1), while for 2-AAF it was less (P<0.05) than that of black tea and similar (P>0.05) to that of oolong and green teas. Antimutagenic activity of unfermented C. intermedia and C. subternata exhibited a similar protection as fermented rooibos against AFB(1). Against 2-AAF, fermented rooibos exhibited similar protective properties than unfermented C. intermedia and C. sessiliflora. Unfermented rooibos was less effective than the C. sinensis teas and fermented rooibos, but had similar (P>0.05) antimutagenicity to that of fermented C. sessiliflora against AFB(1) and fermented C. subternata against 2-AAF. Fermented C. intermedia and C. genistoides exhibited the lowest protective effect against 2-AAF, while fermented C. intermedia exhibited the lowest protection when utilising AFB(1) as mutagen. Aspalathin and mangiferin, major polyphenols in rooibos and Cyclopia spp., respectively, exhibited weak to moderate protective effects when compared to the major green tea catechin, (-)epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). Antimutagenic activity of selected herbal tea phenolic compounds indicated that they contribute towards (i) observed antimutagenic activity of the aqueous extracts against both mutagens and (ii) enhancement of the mutagenicity of 2-AAF by unfermented C. genistoides. Antimutagenic activity of the South African herbal teas was mutagen-specific, affected by fermentation and plant material, presumably due to changes and variation in phenolic composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D van der Merwe
- Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa
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