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Tam A, Li YR, Williams T, Yoon S. Grade 5 Radiation Necrosis After Whole-Brain Radiation Therapy. Pract Radiat Oncol 2024; 14:87-92. [PMID: 38431371 DOI: 10.1016/j.prro.2023.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Whole-brain radiation treatment is often considered for patients with leptomeningeal disease. There are limited reports of the development of radiation necrosis after whole-brain radiation treatment and fewer associating the presence of germline mutations with risk. We present a case report to highlight the need for consideration of radiosensitizing mutations when recommending radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Tam
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope National Cancer Center, Duarte, California
| | - Yun Rose Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope National Cancer Center, Duarte, California; Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Cancer Center, Duarte, California
| | - Terence Williams
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope National Cancer Center, Duarte, California; Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Cancer Center, Duarte, California
| | - Stephanie Yoon
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope National Cancer Center, Duarte, California.
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2
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Tam A, Mercier BD, Thomas RM, Tizpa E, Wong IG, Shi J, Garg R, Hampel H, Gray SW, Williams T, Bazan JG, Li YR. Moving the Needle Forward in Genomically-Guided Precision Radiation Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5314. [PMID: 38001574 PMCID: PMC10669735 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15225314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation treatment (RT) is a mainstay treatment for many types of cancer. Recommendations for RT and the radiation plan are individualized to each patient, taking into consideration the patient's tumor pathology, staging, anatomy, and other clinical characteristics. Information on germline mutations and somatic tumor mutations is at present rarely used to guide specific clinical decisions in RT. Many genes, such as ATM, and BRCA1/2, have been identified in the laboratory to confer radiation sensitivity. However, our understanding of the clinical significance of mutations in these genes remains limited and, as individual mutations in such genes can be rare, their impact on tumor response and toxicity remains unclear. Current guidelines, including those from the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN), provide limited guidance on how genetic results should be integrated into RT recommendations. With an increasing understanding of the molecular underpinning of radiation response, genomically-guided RT can inform decisions surrounding RT dose, volume, concurrent therapies, and even omission to further improve oncologic outcomes and reduce risks of toxicities. Here, we review existing evidence from laboratory, pre-clinical, and clinical studies with regard to how genetic alterations may affect radiosensitivity. We also summarize recent data from clinical trials and explore potential future directions to utilize genetic data to support clinical decision-making in developing a pathway toward personalized RT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Tam
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 E Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (A.T.); (B.D.M.); (R.M.T.); (E.T.); (I.G.W.); (J.S.); (R.G.); (T.W.)
| | - Benjamin D. Mercier
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 E Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (A.T.); (B.D.M.); (R.M.T.); (E.T.); (I.G.W.); (J.S.); (R.G.); (T.W.)
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 E Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (H.H.); (S.W.G.)
| | - Reeny M. Thomas
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 E Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (A.T.); (B.D.M.); (R.M.T.); (E.T.); (I.G.W.); (J.S.); (R.G.); (T.W.)
| | - Eemon Tizpa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 E Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (A.T.); (B.D.M.); (R.M.T.); (E.T.); (I.G.W.); (J.S.); (R.G.); (T.W.)
| | - Irene G. Wong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 E Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (A.T.); (B.D.M.); (R.M.T.); (E.T.); (I.G.W.); (J.S.); (R.G.); (T.W.)
| | - Juncong Shi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 E Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (A.T.); (B.D.M.); (R.M.T.); (E.T.); (I.G.W.); (J.S.); (R.G.); (T.W.)
| | - Rishabh Garg
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 E Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (A.T.); (B.D.M.); (R.M.T.); (E.T.); (I.G.W.); (J.S.); (R.G.); (T.W.)
| | - Heather Hampel
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 E Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (H.H.); (S.W.G.)
| | - Stacy W. Gray
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 E Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (H.H.); (S.W.G.)
| | - Terence Williams
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 E Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (A.T.); (B.D.M.); (R.M.T.); (E.T.); (I.G.W.); (J.S.); (R.G.); (T.W.)
| | - Jose G. Bazan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 E Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (A.T.); (B.D.M.); (R.M.T.); (E.T.); (I.G.W.); (J.S.); (R.G.); (T.W.)
| | - Yun R. Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 E Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (A.T.); (B.D.M.); (R.M.T.); (E.T.); (I.G.W.); (J.S.); (R.G.); (T.W.)
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Division of Quantitative Medicine & Systems Biology, Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N. Fifth Street, Phoenix, AZ 85022, USA
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Beddok A, Krieger S, Castera L, Stoppa-Lyonnet D, Thariat J. Management of Fanconi Anemia patients with head and neck carcinoma: Diagnosis and treatment adaptation. Oral Oncol 2020; 108:104816. [PMID: 32480311 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2020.104816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare genetic disease that is mostly transmitted, according to a recessive model with biallelic germline alterations in one of the 22 genes of the FA pathway, or monoallelic alteration of the 23rd FA gene (RAD51). The FA pathway is implicated in interstrand DNA crosslink repair, induces genome stability, and is a potent driver of tumorigenesis. Patients with FA have a 500 to 1000-fold increased risk of developing head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Patients with FA developing an HNSCC, usually have severe radiation toxicities. In this context, the modalities of radiation therapy should be adapted. Some patients with FA present a milder phenotype, especially in the case of medullary FA gene spontaneous reversion. Therefore, in an unusual context of HNSCC, such as no risk factors or a young age, it may be very useful to search anemia or development abnormalities, that may unravel a yet undiagnosed FA disease. Besides, in some young patients with HNSCC who did not suffer from FA, a monoallelic germline alteration in an FA gene could be combined with a second risk factor such as HPV infection or APOBEC alteration. Although several in vitro studies showed that normal cells with monoallelic FA gene alteration may have a particular radiosensitivity, these observations have not been confirmed in vivo in FA heterozygotes patients. Finally, some somatic activating alterations have also been found in HSNCC tumor samples and could be associated with radioresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Beddok
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Curie Institute, Paris, France.
| | - Sophie Krieger
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Inserm U1245, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, François Baclesse Center, Caen, France
| | - Laurent Castera
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Inserm U1245, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, François Baclesse Center, Caen, France
| | | | - Juliette Thariat
- Department of Radiation Oncology, François Baclesse Center, Caen, France
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Sirák I, Šinkorová Z, Šenkeříková M, Špaček J, Laco J, Vošmiková H, John S, Petera J. Hypersensitivity to chemoradiation in FANCA carrier with cervical carcinoma-A case report and review of the literature. Rep Pract Oncol Radiother 2014; 20:309-15. [PMID: 26109920 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpor.2014.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Compared to Fanconi anemia (FA) patients with homozygous defective two-alleles inheritance, there is a scarce or no evidence on one defective allele FANCA carriers, with respect to their cancer incidence, clinical and in vitro radiosensitivity and chemosensitivity. On that account, we report a case of a 30-year old FANCA mutation carrier woman with uterine cervix adenocarcinoma who was treated with chemoradiotherapy, in which unexpected acute toxicity and fatal late morbidity occured. METHODS We also report the results of an in vitro test for radiosensitivity, immunohistochemical examination with FANCA staining and human papillomavirus genotypization, and a review of the literature for FA carrier patients with respect to cancer incidence, clinical and in vitro response to chemo/radiotherapy, options of early heterozygosity detection, and methods of in vitro prediction of hypersensitivity to oncologic treatment. CONCLUSION Although there are no standard guidelines for management of FA carriers with malignancies and reports about chemo- or radiosensitivity in this population are scarce; patients with FA-A heterozygosity may have a high rate of complications from chemo/radiotherapy. Up to now, an optimum method for the prediction of radiosensitivity and the best parameter has not been found. Clinical radioresponsiveness is unpredictable in FA carriers and there is a pressing need of new rapid and predictive in vitro assays of radiation responses. Until then, the treatment of FA carriers with malignancies should be individualized, with respect to potential hypersensitivity to ionizing radiation or cross-linking agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Sirák
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Sokolská 581, Hradec Kralove 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Šinkorová
- Department of Radiobiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Defence in Brno, Sokolská 581, Hradec Kralove 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Mária Šenkeříková
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Sokolská 581, Hradec Kralove 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Špaček
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Sokolská 581, Hradec Kralove 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Laco
- The Fingerland Department of Pathology, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Hradec Králové, Sokolská 581, Hradec Kralove 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Vošmiková
- The Fingerland Department of Pathology, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Hradec Králové, Sokolská 581, Hradec Kralove 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Stanislav John
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Sokolská 581, Hradec Kralove 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Petera
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Sokolská 581, Hradec Kralove 500 05, Czech Republic
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Baskar R, Dai J, Wenlong N, Yeo R, Yeoh KW. Biological response of cancer cells to radiation treatment. Front Mol Biosci 2014; 1:24. [PMID: 25988165 PMCID: PMC4429645 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2014.00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 337] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a class of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell growth and has the ability to spread or metastasize throughout the body. In recent years, remarkable progress has been made toward the understanding of proposed hallmarks of cancer development, care, and treatment modalities. Radiation therapy or radiotherapy is an important and integral component of cancer management, mostly conferring a survival benefit. Radiation therapy destroys cancer by depositing high-energy radiation on the cancer tissues. Over the years, radiation therapy has been driven by constant technological advances and approximately 50% of all patients with localized malignant tumors are treated with radiation at some point in the course of their disease. In radiation oncology, research and development in the last three decades has led to considerable improvement in our understanding of the differential responses of normal and cancer cells. The biological effectiveness of radiation depends on the linear energy transfer (LET), total dose, number of fractions and radiosensitivity of the targeted cells or tissues. Radiation can either directly or indirectly (by producing free radicals) damages the genome of the cell. This has been challenged in recent years by a newly identified phenomenon known as radiation induced bystander effect (RIBE). In RIBE, the non-irradiated cells adjacent to or located far from the irradiated cells/tissues demonstrate similar responses to that of the directly irradiated cells. Understanding the cancer cell responses during the fractions or after the course of irradiation will lead to improvements in therapeutic efficacy and potentially, benefitting a significant proportion of cancer patients. In this review, the clinical implications of radiation induced direct and bystander effects on the cancer cell are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajamanickam Baskar
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jiawen Dai
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nei Wenlong
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Richard Yeo
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kheng-Wei Yeoh
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
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Burdak-Rothkamm S, Rothkamm K, McClelland K, Al Rashid ST, Prise KM. BRCA1, FANCD2 and Chk1 are potential molecular targets for the modulation of a radiation-induced DNA damage response in bystander cells. Cancer Lett 2014; 356:454-61. [PMID: 25304378 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Radiotherapy is an important treatment option for many human cancers. Current research is investigating the use of molecular targeted drugs in order to improve responses to radiotherapy in various cancers. The cellular response to irradiation is driven by both direct DNA damage in the targeted cell and intercellular signalling leading to a broad range of bystander effects. This study aims to elucidate radiation-induced DNA damage response signalling in bystander cells and to identify potential molecular targets to modulate the radiation induced bystander response in a therapeutic setting. Stalled replication forks in T98G bystander cells were visualised via bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) nuclear foci detection at sites of single stranded DNA. γH2AX co-localised with these BrdU foci. BRCA1 and FANCD2 foci formed in T98G bystander cells. Using ATR mutant F02-98 hTERT and ATM deficient GM05849 fibroblasts it could be shown that ATR but not ATM was required for the recruitment of FANCD2 to sites of replication associated DNA damage in bystander cells whereas BRCA1 bystander foci were ATM-dependent. Phospho-Chk1 foci formation was observed in T98G bystander cells. Clonogenic survival assays showed moderate radiosensitisation of directly irradiated cells by the Chk1 inhibitor UCN-01 but increased radioresistance of bystander cells. This study identifies BRCA1, FANCD2 and Chk1 as potential targets for the modulation of radiation response in bystander cells. It adds to our understanding of the key molecular events propagating out-of-field effects of radiation and provides a rationale for the development of novel molecular targeted drugs for radiotherapy optimisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Burdak-Rothkamm
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
| | - Kai Rothkamm
- Public Health England, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Chilton/Didcot OX11 0RQ, UK
| | - Keeva McClelland
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Shahnaz T Al Rashid
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Kevin M Prise
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
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Lu ZM, Luo TH, Nie MM, Fang GE, Ma LY, Xue XC, Wei G, Ke CW, Bi JW. Influence of ERCC1 and ERCC4 polymorphisms on response to prognosis in gastric cancer treated with FOLFOX-based chemotherapy. Tumour Biol 2013; 35:2941-8. [PMID: 24318989 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-1378-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymorphisms in the excision repair cross-complimentary group 1 (ERCC1)-excision repair cross-complimentary group 4 (ERCC4) genes have been implicated in the prognosis of various cancers. We conducted a cohort study to investigate the role of ERCC1-ERCC4 gene polymorphisms on the response to chemotherapy and the role of these two gene polymorphisms on the clinical outcomes of gastric cancer. Four hundred forty-seven patients with newly diagnosed and histopathologically confirmed primary gastric cancer were collected in our study and were followed up until March 2012. ERCC1 (rs11615, rs3212986C>A, and rs2298881) and ERCC4 (rs226466C>G, rs2276465, and rs6498486) were selected and genotyped. The overall chemotherapy response rate for treatment was 68 %. Carriers of the rs11615 TT and T allele and ERCC1 rs2298881 CC and C allele had a marginally significantly higher response rate to the chemotherapy. In the Cox proportional hazard model, the hazard ratios (HRs) for overall survival (OS) in patients carrying ERCC1 rs11615 TT genotype and T allele were 0.53 (0.29-0.95) and 0.63 (0.42-0.94), respectively. Similarly, we found a significant decreased risk of death from gastric cancer among patients carrying ERCC1 rs2298881 CC genotype and C allele when compared with CC genotype, and HRs (95% confidence interval (CI)) of OS were 0.50 (0.24-0.98) and 0.62 (0.40-0.96), respectively. Moreover, individuals carrying ERCC1 rs11615 T allele and rs2298881 C allele could decrease a 0.62-fold risk of death from gastric cancer. This study reported a carriage of ERCC1 rs11615, and rs2298881 polymorphism can be used as a predictor of response to folinic acid/5-fluorouracil (5-FU)/oxaliplatin (FOLFOX)-based chemotherapy in gastric cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-mao Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
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Tippisetty S, Goudi D, Mohammed AW, Jahan P. Repair efficiency and PUVA therapeutic response variation in patients with vitiligo. Toxicol In Vitro 2012; 27:438-40. [PMID: 22921987 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2012.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Revised: 07/04/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Vitiligo is an acquired depigmentation disorder affecting 0.1% to >8.8% in Indian population. Psoralen and ultraviolet A radiation (PUVA) is a gold standard treatment for vitiligo, however, response is still empirical. In order to investigate whether drug response variation is influenced by the repair ability of PUVA treated vitiligo subjects, single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) for genotoxicity and serum malonaldehyde (MDA) for cytotoxicity were performed on 107 subjects (77 cases and 30 healthy controls) in South Indian population. In vitro repair ability was assessed by considering the residual damage. A significant difference was observed between the patients and controls with regard to their mean values of DNA damage and MDA levels (p<0.05). On categorization to fast and slow responders based on the time of response, patients exhibited a significant deviation in residual DNA damage, suggestive of variation with respect to DNA repair efficiency (p<0.05). This is the first study to our knowledge with respect to PUVA drug response variation in vitiligo in relation to DNA repair. Large systematic studies on DNA repair may help in a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in the PUVA drug response variation.
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Savina NV, Smal MP, Kuzhir TD, Egorova TM, Khurs OM, Polityko AD, Goncharova RI. Biomarkers for genome instability in some genetic disorders: a pilot study. Biomarkers 2012; 17:201-8. [DOI: 10.3109/1354750x.2011.651157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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10
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Mozdarani H. Biological complexities in radiation carcinogenesis and cancer radiotherapy: impact of new biological paradigms. Genes (Basel) 2012; 3:90-114. [PMID: 24704845 PMCID: PMC3899963 DOI: 10.3390/genes3010090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2011] [Revised: 01/07/2012] [Accepted: 01/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Although radiation carcinogenesis has been shown both experimentally and epidemiologically, the use of ionizing radiation is also one of the major modalities in cancer treatment. Various known cellular and molecular events are involved in carcinogenesis. Apart from the known phenomena, there could be implications for carcinogenesis and cancer prevention due to other biological processes such as the bystander effect, the abscopal effect, intrinsic radiosensitivity and radioadaptation. Bystander effects have consequences for mutation initiated cancer paradigms of radiation carcinogenesis, which provide the mechanistic justification for low-dose risk estimates. The abscopal effect is potentially important for tumor control and is mediated through cytokines and/or the immune system (mainly cell-mediated immunity). It results from loss of growth and stimulatory and/or immunosuppressive factors from the tumor. Intrinsic radiosensitivity is a feature of some cancer prone chromosomal breakage syndromes such as ataxia telangectiasia. Radiosensitivity is manifested as higher chromosomal aberrations and DNA repair impairment is now known as a good biomarker for breast cancer screening and prediction of prognosis. However, it is not yet known whether this effect is good or bad for those receiving radiation or radiomimetic agents for treatment. Radiation hormesis is another major concern for carcinogenesis. This process which protects cells from higher doses of radiation or radio mimic chemicals, may lead to the escape of cells from mitotic death or apoptosis and put cells with a lower amount of damage into the process of cancer induction. Therefore, any of these biological phenomena could have impact on another process giving rise to genome instability of cells which are not in the field of radiation but still receiving a lower amount of radiation. For prevention of radiation induced carcinogenesis or risk assessment as well as for successful radiation therapy, all these phenomena should be taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Mozdarani
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran P.O. Box 14115-111, Iran.
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11
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Budrukkar A, Shahid T, Murthy V, Hussain T, Mulherkar R, Vundinti BR, Deshpande M, Sengar M, Laskar SG, Agarwal JP. Squamous cell carcinoma of base of tongue in a patient with Fanconi's anemia treated with radiation therapy: case report and review of literature. Head Neck 2011; 32:1422-7. [PMID: 19672872 DOI: 10.1002/hed.21211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fanconi's anemia (FA) is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder characterized by congenital anomalies, progressive aplastic anemia, and a predisposition for malignancies. Solid tumors in the head and neck region, especially in the tongue, are rarely observed. Management of these patients is a challenge because of hematological complications and increased toxicities. METHODS We report a case of Fanconi's anemia in a 27-year-old man with carcinoma of the base of tongue (T2N0M0) who was treated with radical radiation therapy to a dose of 70 Gy/35 fractions/51 days. We have also done in vitro radiosensitivity tests. RESULTS The patient tolerated the radiation treatment well and completed it without any interruptions. In vitro studies did not show any increased radiosensitivity in this patient. CONCLUSION Head and neck cancer in a patient with FA requires individualized treatment. The decision about opting for different modalities should be based on a balanced approach with respect to locoregional control and toxicities of the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwini Budrukkar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, India.
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12
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Decordier I, Loock KV, Kirsch-Volders M. Phenotyping for DNA repair capacity. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2010; 705:107-129. [PMID: 20478396 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2010.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2009] [Revised: 05/10/2010] [Accepted: 05/10/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ilse Decordier
- Laboratorium voor Cellulaire Genetica, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium.
| | - Kim Vande Loock
- Laboratorium voor Cellulaire Genetica, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium
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13
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Zhi G, Chen X, Newcomb W, Brown J, Semmes OJ, Kupfer GM. Purification of FANCD2 sub-complexes. Br J Haematol 2010; 150:88-92. [PMID: 20456353 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2010.08217.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Fanconi anaemia (FA) is a recessive genetic disorder characterized by bone marrow failure, birth defects and cancer. Cells from FA patients are particularly defective in removing DNA interstrand crosslinks. We have developed a working chromatography purification scheme for FANCD2, a pivotal player in the FA DNA repair pathway, to facilitate identification of FANCD2 interacting partners. In doing so, at least three distinct FANCD2 subcomplexes were found to be present, designated as large, middle, and small complexes. The small complex is composed of tetramer of FANCD2 polypeptides, which may be the building block for other FANCD2 subcomplexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Zhi
- Department of Microbiology, University of Virginia Health System, Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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