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Radiotherapy Advances in Renal Disease-Focus on Renal Ischemic Preconditioning. BIOENGINEERING (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:bioengineering10010068. [PMID: 36671640 PMCID: PMC9855155 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10010068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Ionizing irradiation is widely applied as a fundamental therapeutic treatment in several diseases. Acute kidney injury (AKI) represents a global public health problem with major morbidity and mortality. Renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) is the main cause of AKI. I/R injury occurs when blood flow to the kidney is transiently interrupted and then restored. Such an ischemic insult significantly impairs renal function in the short and long terms. Renal ischemic preconditioning (IPC) corresponds to the maneuvers intended to prevent or attenuate the ischemic damage. In murine models, irradiation-induced preconditioning (IP) renders the renal parenchyma resistant to subsequent damage by activating defense pathways involved in oxidative stress, angiogenesis, and inflammation. Before envisioning translational applications in patients, safe irradiation modalities, including timing, dosage, and fractionation, need to be defined.
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Khbouz B, Lallemand F, Cirillo A, Rowart P, Legouis D, Sounni NE, Noël A, De Tullio P, de Seigneux S, Jouret F. Kidney-targeted irradiation triggers renal ischaemic preconditioning in mice. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2022; 323:F198-F211. [PMID: 35796462 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00005.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) causes acute kidney injury (AKI). Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) attenuates I/R-associated AKI. Whole-body irradiation induces renal IPC in mice. Still, the mechanisms remain largely unknown. Furthermore, the impact of kidney-centered irradiation on renal resistance against I/R has not been studied. Renal irradiation (8.5Gy) was done in male 8-12-week-old C57bl/6 mice using Small Animal Radiation Therapy (SmART) device. Left renal I/R was performed by clamping the renal pedicles for 30 minutes, with simultaneous right nephrectomy, at 7, 14, and 28 days post-irradiation. The renal reperfusion lasted 48 hours. Following I/R, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (SCr) levels were lower in pre-irradiated mice compared to controls, so was the histological Jablonski score of AKI. The metabolomics signature of renal I/R was attenuated in pre-irradiated mice. The numbers of PCNA-, CD11b-, and F4-80-positive cells in the renal parenchyma post-I/R were reduced in pre-irradiated versus control groups. Such an IPC was significantly observed as early as D14 post-irradiation. RNA-Seq showed an up-regulation of angiogenesis- and stress response-related signaling pathways in irradiated non-ischemic kidneys at D28. RT-qPCR confirmed the increased expression of VEGF, ALK5, HO1, PECAM1, NOX2, HSP70, and HSP27 in irradiated kidneys compared to controls. In addition, irradiated kidneys showed an increased CD31-positive vascular area compared to controls. A 14-day gavage of irradiated mice with the anti-angiogenic drug Sunitinib before I/R abrogated the irradiation-induced IPC at both functional and structural levels. Our observations suggest that kidney-centered irradiation activates pro-angiogenic pathways and induces IPC, with preserved renal function and attenuated inflammation post-I/R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badr Khbouz
- Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA), Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Division of Nephrology, CHU of Liège, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - François Lallemand
- Cyclotron Research Center, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Division of Radiotherapy, CHU of Liège, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Arianna Cirillo
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), Metabolomics group, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Pascal Rowart
- Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA), Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - David Legouis
- Division of Intensive Care, Department of Acute Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.,Laboratory of Nephrology, Department of Medicine and Cell Physiology, University Hospital and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nor Eddine Sounni
- Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA), Cancer Sciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Agnès Noël
- Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA), Cancer Sciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Pascal De Tullio
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), Metabolomics group, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Sophie de Seigneux
- Laboratory of Nephrology, Department of Medicine and Cell Physiology, University Hospital and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Francois Jouret
- Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA), Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Division of Nephrology, CHU of Liège, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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Coutinho JVDS, Ferreira PS, Soares J, Passamai JL, D'Azeredo Orlando MT, Gouvea SA. Evaluation of induced biological effects in rats by continuous and natural gamma radiation using a physical simulator. Int J Radiat Biol 2020; 96:1473-1485. [PMID: 32845812 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2020.1812760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The effects of radioactivity on human health have been debated for many years but there are still important gaps that need to be addressed especially related to the effects of high natural background radiation on the local population. The beach of Meaípe, in the city of Guarapari (Brazil), emits natural gamma radiation due to the presence of monazite sands. We aimed to investigate the effects of gamma radiation doses on the biological system of wistar rats using a physical simulator of gamma radiation designed using Meaípe monazite sands. METHODS Female Wistar rats were divided into three groups, submitted to no radiation (control group) and to continuous radiation levels, one of very high level (20 μSv h-1) and another of high level (3.6 μSv h-1). The three group of animals were monitored weekly for 3 months and at the end of the study the animals were sacrificed, and the organs were extracted and weighed for anthropometric, oxidative stress and histological evaluations. RESULTS Exposure to radiation released by the monazite sands did not cause anthropometric alterations or blood pressure change in the animals. Similarly, there was no change in the quantification of ovarian follicles between the radiation groups and the control group. There was no difference in the oxidative stress quantification by the thiobarbituric acid reactive substance and advanced oxidation protein product methods in the ovaries. There were no evidenced damages in the structure of the renal tissue. It was observed the presence of granulomas in the hepatic tissue and alterations in the nuclei of the hepatocytes. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the continuous exposure of females rats to 3.6 and 20 μSv h-1 doses of gamma radiation slightly affected the hepatic tissue, but did not alter the histological parameters in the kidneys and ovaries and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Priscila Santos Ferreira
- Postgraduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil
| | - Jacyra Soares
- Department of Atmospheric Science, IAG, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Luis Passamai
- Department of Physics, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil
| | | | - Sonia Alves Gouvea
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil
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Tharmalingam S, Sreetharan S, Brooks AL, Boreham DR. Re-evaluation of the linear no-threshold (LNT) model using new paradigms and modern molecular studies. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 301:54-67. [PMID: 30763548 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The linear no-threshold (LNT) model is currently used to estimate low dose radiation (LDR) induced health risks. This model lacks safety thresholds and postulates that health risks caused by ionizing radiation is directly proportional to dose. Therefore even the smallest radiation dose has the potential to cause an increase in cancer risk. Advances in LDR biology and cell molecular techniques demonstrate that the LNT model does not appropriately reflect the biology or the health effects at the low dose range. The main pitfall of the LNT model is due to the extrapolation of mutation and DNA damage studies that were conducted at high radiation doses delivered at a high dose-rate. These studies formed the basis of several outdated paradigms that are either incorrect or do not hold for LDR doses. Thus, the goal of this review is to summarize the modern cellular and molecular literature in LDR biology and provide new paradigms that better represent the biological effects in the low dose range. We demonstrate that LDR activates a variety of cellular defense mechanisms including DNA repair systems, programmed cell death (apoptosis), cell cycle arrest, senescence, adaptive memory, bystander effects, epigenetics, immune stimulation, and tumor suppression. The evidence presented in this review reveals that there are minimal health risks (cancer) with LDR exposure, and that a dose higher than some threshold value is necessary to achieve the harmful effects classically observed with high doses of radiation. Knowledge gained from this review can help the radiation protection community in making informed decisions regarding radiation policy and limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujeenthar Tharmalingam
- Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Rd, Sudbury, ON, P3E 2C6, Canada.
| | - Shayenthiran Sreetharan
- Department of Medical Physics and Applied Radiation Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street W, Hamilton ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Antone L Brooks
- Environmental Science, Washington State University, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Douglas R Boreham
- Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Rd, Sudbury, ON, P3E 2C6, Canada; Bruce Power, Tiverton, ON(3), UK.
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Puukila S, Lemon JA, Lees SJ, Tai TC, Boreham DR, Khaper N. Impact of Ionizing Radiation on the Cardiovascular System: A Review. Radiat Res 2017; 188:539-546. [PMID: 28873026 DOI: 10.1667/rr14864.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Radiation therapy has become one of the main forms of treatment for various types of cancers. Cancer patients previously treated with high doses of radiation are at a greater risk to develop cardiovascular complications later in life. The heart can receive varying doses of radiation depending on the type of therapy and can even reach doses in the range of 17 Gy. Multiple studies have highlighted the role of oxidative stress and inflammation in radiation-induced cardiovascular damage. Doses of ionizing radiation below 200 mGy, however, have been shown to have beneficial effects in some experimental models of radiation-induced damage, but low-dose effects in the heart is still debated. Low-dose radiation may promote heart health and reduce damage from oxidative stress and inflammation, however there are few studies focusing on the impact of low-dose radiation on the heart. In this review, we summarize recent studies from animal models and human data focusing on the effects and mechanism(s) of action of radiation-induced damage to the heart, as well as the effects of high and low doses of radiation and dose rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Puukila
- a Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON, P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Jennifer A Lemon
- b Medical Physics and Applied Radiation Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Simon J Lees
- c Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - T C Tai
- d Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada; and Bruce Power, Tiverton, ON, N0G 2T0 Canada
| | - Douglas R Boreham
- d Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada; and Bruce Power, Tiverton, ON, N0G 2T0 Canada
| | - Neelam Khaper
- c Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
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Tang FR, Loke WK, Khoo BC. Low-dose or low-dose-rate ionizing radiation-induced bioeffects in animal models. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2017; 58:165-182. [PMID: 28077626 PMCID: PMC5439383 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrw120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Animal experimental studies indicate that acute or chronic low-dose ionizing radiation (LDIR) (≤100 mSv) or low-dose-rate ionizing radiation (LDRIR) (<6 mSv/h) exposures may be harmful. It induces genetic and epigenetic changes and is associated with a range of physiological disturbances that includes altered immune system, abnormal brain development with resultant cognitive impairment, cataractogenesis, abnormal embryonic development, circulatory diseases, weight gain, premature menopause in female animals, tumorigenesis and shortened lifespan. Paternal or prenatal LDIR/LDRIR exposure is associated with reduced fertility and number of live fetuses, and transgenerational genomic aberrations. On the other hand, in some experimental studies, LDIR/LDRIR exposure has also been reported to bring about beneficial effects such as reduction in tumorigenesis, prolonged lifespan and enhanced fertility. The differences in reported effects of LDIR/LDRIR exposure are dependent on animal genetic background (susceptibility), age (prenatal or postnatal days), sex, nature of radiation exposure (i.e. acute, fractionated or chronic radiation exposure), type of radiation, combination of radiation with other toxic agents (such as smoking, pesticides or other chemical toxins) or animal experimental designs. In this review paper, we aimed to update radiation researchers and radiologists on the current progress achieved in understanding the LDIR/LDRIR-induced bionegative and biopositive effects reported in the various animal models. The roles played by a variety of molecules that are implicated in LDIR/LDRIR-induced health effects will be elaborated. The review will help in future investigations of LDIR/LDRIR-induced health effects by providing clues for designing improved animal research models in order to clarify the current controversial/contradictory findings from existing studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Ru Tang
- Singapore Nuclear Research and Safety Initiative (SNRSI), National University of Singapore, 1 CREATE Way #04-01, CREATE Tower, 138602, Singapore
| | - Weng Keong Loke
- Temasek Laboratories, National University of Singapore, 5A, Engineering Drive 1, 117411,Singapore
| | - Boo Cheong Khoo
- DSO National Laboratories,Defence Medical and Environmental Research Institute, 11 Stockport Road,117605,Singapore
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Schnarr K, Carter TF, Gillis D, Webber C, Lemon JA, Dayes I, Dolling JA, Gulenchyn K, Boreham DR. Biological Response of Positron Emission Tomography Scan Exposure and Adaptive Response in Humans. Dose Response 2015; 13:1559325815611904. [PMID: 26740810 PMCID: PMC4679193 DOI: 10.1177/1559325815611904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological effects of exposure to radioactive fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) were investigated in the lymphocytes of patients undergoing positron emission tomography (PET) procedures. Low-dose, radiation-induced cellular responses were measured using 3 different end points: (1) apoptosis; (2) chromosome aberrations; and (3) γH2AX foci formation. The results showed no significant change in lymphocyte apoptosis, or chromosome aberrations, as a result of in vivo 18F-FDG exposure, and there was no evidence the PET scan modified the apoptotic response of lymphocytes to a subsequent 2 Gy in vitro challenge irradiation. However, lymphocytes sampled from patients following a PET scan showed an average of 22.86% fewer chromosome breaks and 39.16% fewer dicentrics after a subsequent 2 Gy in vitro challenge irradiation. The effect of 18F-FDG exposure on phosphorylation of histone H2AX (γH2AX) in lymphocytes of patients showed a varied response between individuals. The relationship between γH2AX foci formation and increasing activity of 18F-FDG was not directly proportional to dose. This variation is most likely attributed to differences in the factors that combine to constitute an individual’s radiation response. In summary, the results of this study indicate18F-FDG PET scans may not be detrimental but can elicit variable responses between individuals and can modify cellular response to subsequent radiation exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara Schnarr
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Timothy F Carter
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel Gillis
- School of Computer Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario,Canada
| | - Colin Webber
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Deceased
| | - Jennifer A Lemon
- Department of Medical Physics and Applied Radiation Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ian Dayes
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Juravinski Cancer Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joanna A Dolling
- Genetics Laboratory, Health Sciences North, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karen Gulenchyn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Douglas R Boreham
- Department of Medical Sciences, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
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