1
|
Liu XD, Chen HB, Tong Q, Li XY, Zhu MJ, Wu ZF, Zhou R, Zhao SH. Molecular characterization of caveolin-1 in pigs infected with Haemophilus parasuis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 186:3031-46. [PMID: 21282513 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0902687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Caveolin-1 (Cav1) plays a critical role in the invasion of pathogenic microbes into host cells, yet little is known about porcine Cav1. In this study, we provide the molecular characterization of Cav1 in pigs following stimulation with LPS/polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid as well as during infection with Haemophilus parasuis. The porcine Cav1 gene is 35 kb long and is located at SSC18q21; two isoforms (Cav1-α and Cav1-β) are produced by alternative splicing. Three point mutations were identified in the coding region of the gene, two of which were significantly associated with nine immunological parameters in Landrace pigs, including the Ab response against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and lymphocyte counts. Promoter analysis indicated that NF-κB activates both Cav1 transcripts, but the forkhead gene family specifically regulates Cav1-β in the pig. Porcine Cav1 is expressed ubiquitously, with Cav1-α more abundantly expressed than Cav1-β in all tissues investigated. Basal expression levels of Cav1 in PBMCs are relatively similar across different pig breeds. LPS and polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid markedly induced the expression of Cav1 in porcine kidney-15 cells in vitro, likely through NF-κB activation. Pigs infected with H. parasuis exhibited decreased expression of Cav1, particularly in seriously impaired organs such as the brain. This study provides new evidence that supports the use of Cav1 as a potential diagnostic and genetic marker for disease resistance in animal breeding. In addition, our results suggest that Cav1 may be implicated in the pathogenesis of Glasser's disease, which is caused by H. parasuis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Dong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhong J, Wang Y, Qiu X, Mo X, Liu Y, Li T, Song Q, Ma D, Han W. Characterization and Expression Profile of CMTM3/CKLFSF3. BMB Rep 2006; 39:537-45. [PMID: 17002874 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2006.39.5.537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
CMTM/CKLFSF is a novel family of proteins linking chemokines and TM4SF. In humans, these proteins are encoded by nine genes, CKLF and CMTM1-8/CKLFSF1-8. Here we report the characteristics and expression profile of CMTM3/CKLFSF3. Human CMTM3/CKLFSF3 has a high sequence identity among various species and similar characteristics as its mouse and rat homologues. Established by results both of RT-PCR and Quantitative Real-time PCR, the gene is highly transcribed in testis, leukocytes and spleen. For further verification, we generated a polyclonal antibody against human CMTM3/CKLFSF3 and found that the protein is highly expressed in the testis and some cells of PBMCs. Therefore, CMTM3/CKLFSF3 is an evolutionarily conserved gene that may have important roles in the male reproductive system and immune system. Further studies are necessary to validate its functions in the two systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Zhong
- Peking University Center for Human Disease Genomics, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100083, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Harada K, Yamada A, Mine T, Kawagoe N, Takasu H, Itoh K. Mouse homologue of the human SART3 gene encoding tumor-rejection antigen. Jpn J Cancer Res 2000; 91:239-47. [PMID: 10761712 PMCID: PMC5926322 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2000.tb00937.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently isolated a human SART3 (hSART3) gene encoding a tumor-rejection antigen recognized by HLA-A2402-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). The hSART3 was also found to exist as an RNA-binding nuclear protein of unknown biological function. In this study, we cloned and analyzed the homologous mouse SART3 (mSART3) gene in order to understand better the function of hSART3, and to aid in establishing animal models of specific immunotherapy. The cloned 3586-bp cDNA encoded a 962-amino acid polypeptide with high homology to hSART3 (80% or 86% identity at the nucleotide or protein level, respectively). Nonapeptides recognized by the HLA-A2402-restricted CTLs and all of the RNA-binding motifs were conserved between hSART3 and mSART3. The mSART3 mRNA was ubiquitously expressed in normal tissues, with low level expression in the liver, heart, and skeletal muscle. It was widely expressed in various organs from as early as day 7 of gestation. mSART3 was mapped to chromosome 5, a syntenic region for human chromosome 12q23-24, and its genomic DNA extended over 28-kb and consisted of 19 exons. This information should be important for studies of the biological functions of the SART3 protein and for the establishment of animal models of specific cancer immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Harada
- Department of Immunology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Honeybee blue- and ultraviolet-sensitive opsins: cloning, heterologous expression in Drosophila, and physiological characterization. J Neurosci 1998. [PMID: 9502802 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.18-07-02412.1998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The honeybee (Apis mellifera) visual system contains three classes of retinal photoreceptor cells that are maximally sensitive to light at 440 nm (blue), 350 nm (ultraviolet), and 540 nm (green). We performed a PCR-based screen to identify the genes encoding the Apis blue- and ultraviolet (UV)-sensitive opsins. We obtained cDNAs that encode proteins having a high degree of sequence and structural similarity to other invertebrate and vertebrate visual pigments. The Apis blue opsin cDNA encodes a protein of 377 amino acids that is most closely related to other invertebrate visual pigments that are thought to be blue-sensitive. The UV opsin cDNA encodes a protein of 371 amino acids that is most closely related to the UV-sensitive Drosophila Rh3 and Rh4 opsins. To test whether these novel Apis opsin genes encode functional visual pigments and to determine their spectral properties, we expressed them in the R1-6 photoreceptor cells of blind ninaE mutant Drosophila, which lack the major opsin of the fly compound eye. We found that the expression of either the Apis blue- or UV-sensitive opsin in transgenic flies rescued the visual defect of ninaE mutants, indicating that both genes encode functional visual pigments. Spectral sensitivity measurements of these flies demonstrated that the blue and UV visual pigments are maximally sensitive to light at 439 and 353 nm, respectively. These maxima are in excellent agreement with those determined previously by single-cell recordings from Apis photoreceptor cells and provide definitive evidence that the genes described here encode visual pigments having blue and UV sensitivity.
Collapse
|
5
|
Townson SM, Chang BS, Salcedo E, Chadwell LV, Pierce NE, Britt SG. Honeybee blue- and ultraviolet-sensitive opsins: cloning, heterologous expression in Drosophila, and physiological characterization. J Neurosci 1998; 18:2412-22. [PMID: 9502802 PMCID: PMC6793122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The honeybee (Apis mellifera) visual system contains three classes of retinal photoreceptor cells that are maximally sensitive to light at 440 nm (blue), 350 nm (ultraviolet), and 540 nm (green). We performed a PCR-based screen to identify the genes encoding the Apis blue- and ultraviolet (UV)-sensitive opsins. We obtained cDNAs that encode proteins having a high degree of sequence and structural similarity to other invertebrate and vertebrate visual pigments. The Apis blue opsin cDNA encodes a protein of 377 amino acids that is most closely related to other invertebrate visual pigments that are thought to be blue-sensitive. The UV opsin cDNA encodes a protein of 371 amino acids that is most closely related to the UV-sensitive Drosophila Rh3 and Rh4 opsins. To test whether these novel Apis opsin genes encode functional visual pigments and to determine their spectral properties, we expressed them in the R1-6 photoreceptor cells of blind ninaE mutant Drosophila, which lack the major opsin of the fly compound eye. We found that the expression of either the Apis blue- or UV-sensitive opsin in transgenic flies rescued the visual defect of ninaE mutants, indicating that both genes encode functional visual pigments. Spectral sensitivity measurements of these flies demonstrated that the blue and UV visual pigments are maximally sensitive to light at 439 and 353 nm, respectively. These maxima are in excellent agreement with those determined previously by single-cell recordings from Apis photoreceptor cells and provide definitive evidence that the genes described here encode visual pigments having blue and UV sensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S M Townson
- Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas 78245, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chou WH, Hall KJ, Wilson DB, Wideman CL, Townson SM, Chadwell LV, Britt SG. Identification of a novel Drosophila opsin reveals specific patterning of the R7 and R8 photoreceptor cells. Neuron 1996; 17:1101-15. [PMID: 8982159 DOI: 10.1016/s0896-6273(00)80243-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The function of the compound eye is dependent upon a developmental program that specifies different cell fates and directs the expression of spectrally distinct opsins in different photoreceptor cells. Rh5 is a novel Drosophila opsin gene that encodes a biologically active visual pigment that is expressed in a subset of R8 photoreceptor cells. Rh5 expression in the R8 cell of an individual ommatidium is strictly coordinated with the expression of Rh3, in the overlying R7 cell. In sevenless mutant files, which lack R7 photoreceptor cells, the expression of the Rh5 protein in R8 cells is disrupted, providing evidence for a specific developmental signal between the R7 and R8 cells that is responsible for the paired expression of opsin genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W H Chou
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio 78245
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Affiliation(s)
- M Nishikimi
- Institute of Applied Biochemistry, Gifu, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Morris DR, Kakegawa T, Kaspar RL, White MW. Polypyrimidine tracts and their binding proteins: regulatory sites for posttranscriptional modulation of gene expression. Biochemistry 1993; 32:2931-7. [PMID: 8457557 DOI: 10.1021/bi00063a001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D R Morris
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle 98195
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Adám G, Udvardy A, Friedrich P. Mouse microtubule-associated protein 2 expression in transgenic Drosophila. Neuroscience 1992; 51:221-30. [PMID: 1465182 DOI: 10.1016/0306-4522(92)90487-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Full-length mouse microtubule-associated protein 2 complementary DNA inserted between Drosophila heat-shock protein 70 promoter and trailer was introduced in the germ-line of Drosophila melanogaster by P element-mediated transformation. Three transformant lines contained microtubule-associated protein 2 complementary DNA in sense orientation and two in antisense orientation. All sense lines produced microtubule-associated protein 2 after heat-shock in several tissues at low level. In the adult brain, high-level microtubule associated protein 2 expression independent of heat induction occurred in specific neuron types in each sense transformant, suggesting the action of neuron-specific enhancer genes. High microtubule-associated protein 2 levels are expected to interfere with the cells' activity by forming unphysiological cross-links, which may help elucidate the function of the given neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Adám
- Institute of Enzymology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Guinea pigs possess a highly mutated gene for L-gulono-gamma-lactone oxidase, the key enzyme for L-ascorbic acid biosynthesis missing in this species. J Biol Chem 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)36707-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
|
11
|
Differential regulation of expression of the multiple ADP/ATP translocase genes in human cells. J Biol Chem 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)55334-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
|
12
|
Cheah KS, Au PK, Lau ET, Little PF, Stubbs L. The mouse Col2a-1 gene is highly conserved and is linked to Int-1 on chromosome 15. Mamm Genome 1991; 1:171-83. [PMID: 1797232 DOI: 10.1007/bf00351064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Type II collagen is the major extracellular matrix component of cartilage and correct expression of the alpha 1(II) collagen gene is important for vertebrate skeletal development. In order to provide the basis for studying the control of type II collagen gene expression in embryogenesis and in mouse models of human connective tissue disease, the complete mouse Col2-a1 gene has been isolated in a single cosmid clone, cosMco1.2, and partially characterized. The gene is approximately 30 kb and is highly conserved in exon/intron structure and nucleotide and amino acid sequence (greater than 80% homology) when compared with the human, rat, bovine and chicken equivalents. A high degree of conservation was also found in the 5' flanking region of the rat, human and mouse alpha 1(II) collagen genes, including the presence of several G + C and C + T rich, direct repeat motifs. The sites of transcription start, termination codon and polyadenylation have also been identified. Unlike chicken, bovine and human, where polyA attachment is at a single site, for the mouse Col2a-1 gene two polyadenylation sites are utilized. Col2a-1 has also been localized by interspecies backcross analysis to the central portion of mouse Chromosome (Chr) 15, approximately 8 centiMorgans (cM) proximal of Int-1 and 18 cM distal of Myc. Col2a-1 is therefore included in a linkage group which is conserved on human Chr 12q.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K S Cheah
- Department of Biochemistry, Hong Kong University
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Saitta B, Stokes DG, Vissing H, Timpl R, Chu ML. Alternative splicing of the human alpha 2(VI) collagen gene generates multiple mRNA transcripts which predict three protein variants with distinct carboxyl termini. J Biol Chem 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)39351-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
|
14
|
Abstract
Complementary DNA (cDNA) and genomic clones encoding chicken glutamine synthetase (Glns) have been isolated. The nucleotide (nt) sequence of the 2728-bp cDNA specifies a 91-nt 5' untranslated sequence, a 1119-nt open reading frame, and a 1518-nt 3' untranslated sequence that contains several A + T-rich regions but lacks a canonical endonucleolytic-cleavage/polyadenylation signal. Based on sequence analysis of the cloned gene, the Glns transcription unit spans 7.0 kb and contains seven exons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H F Pu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Chicago 60680
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Mann K, Deutzmann R, Aumailley M, Timpl R, Raimondi L, Yamada Y, Pan TC, Conway D, Chu ML. Amino acid sequence of mouse nidogen, a multidomain basement membrane protein with binding activity for laminin, collagen IV and cells. EMBO J 1989; 8:65-72. [PMID: 2496973 PMCID: PMC400773 DOI: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1989.tb03349.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The whole amino acid sequence of nidogen was deduced from cDNA clones isolated from expression libraries and confirmed to approximately 50% by Edman degradation of peptides. The protein consists of some 1217 amino acid residues and a 28-residue signal peptide. The data support a previously proposed dumb-bell model of nidogen by demonstrating a large N-terminal globular domain (641 residues), five EGF-like repeats constituting the rod-like domain (248 residues) and a smaller C-terminal globule (328 residues). Two more EGF-like repeats interrupt the N-terminal and terminate the C-terminal sequences. Weak sequence homologies (25%) were detected between some regions of nidogen, the LDL receptor, thyroglobulin and the EGF precursor. Nidogen contains two consensus sequences for tyrosine sulfation and for asparagine beta-hydroxylation, two N-linked carbohydrate acceptor sites and, within one of the EGF-like repeats an Arg-Gly-Asp sequence. The latter was shown to be functional in cell attachment to nidogen. Binding sites for laminin and collagen IV are present on the C-terminal globule but not yet precisely localized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Mann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Biochemie, Martinsried, FRG
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Gimmi ER, Soprano KJ, Rosenberg M, Reff ME. Deletions in the SV40 late polyadenylation region downstream of the AATAAA mediate similar effects on expression in various mammalian cell lines. Nucleic Acids Res 1988; 16:8977-97. [PMID: 2845363 PMCID: PMC338647 DOI: 10.1093/nar/16.18.8977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of deletions in the SV40 late polyadenylation region was assayed by transient expression in a hamster fibroblast cell line. Because of differences in expression data between our results and the published results of another laboratory using a similar set of deletions introduced into a monkey kidney cell line, we studied our deletions in cells of different tissue-types and species (1). Deletion of the SV40 late polyadenylation region to 49 nucleotides downstream of the hexanucleotide AATAAA showed a small effect on gene expression, while further truncation of the region to 6 nucleotides downstream of the AATAAA showed an 85% drop in marker enzyme activity, protein levels and steady-state message levels. Another deletion in the same region, from base pair 10 to 15 past the AATAAA, which removes the wild-type site of RNA cleavage, showed a 50% drop in marker gene expression. The effects of these mutants on gene expression were similar in all of the cell lines tested and agree with other studies that DNA downstream of the AATAAA plays a role in efficient gene expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E R Gimmi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Affiliation(s)
- J L Manley
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
The genome of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is known to contain eight open reading frames (ORFs) on the minus strand of the double-stranded DNA replicative intermediate. Data presented here indicate that the DNA plus strand of HIV contains a previously unidentified ORF in a region complementary to the envelope gene sequence. This ORF could encode a protein of approximately 190 amino acid residues with a relative molecular mass of 20 kilodaltons if translation began from the first initiation codon. The predicted protein is highly hydrophobic and thus could be membrane associated. It is possible, therefore, that the HIV genome encodes a protein on antisense messenger RNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R H Miller
- Hepatitis Viruses Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
A 64 kd protein was shown to bind to RNAs that contain functional polyadenylation signals by a UV cross-linking procedure in which label was transferred from RNA substrate to protein in cell-free polyadenylation extracts. The 64 kd nuclear protein bound specifically to three different substrates (adenovirus type 5 L3, SV40 early, and SV40 late polyadenylation domains), as determined by competition experiments and partial protease analysis. Deleted derivatives of the SV40 late substrate that retained the sequence 5'-CUGCAAUAAACAAGUU-3' were able to bind the 64 kd polypeptide. This sequence contains the canonical AAUAAA element that has been shown to be indispensable for polyadenylation. A single nucleotide change, converting AAUAAA to AAGAAA, prevented binding of the 64 kd moiety. The 64 kd protein was shown to be distinct from poly(A) polymerase by biochemical fractionation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Wilusz
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, New Jersey 08544
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Troen BR, Gal S, Gottesman MM. Sequence and expression of the cDNA for MEP (major excreted protein), a transformation-regulated secreted cathepsin. Biochem J 1987; 246:731-5. [PMID: 3689328 PMCID: PMC1148338 DOI: 10.1042/bj2460731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The major excreted protein (MEP) of malignantly transformed mouse fibroblasts is a secreted thiol proteinase. Sequencing of the MEP cDNA shows the coding region for the protein to be identical with the sequence for a mouse cysteine proteinase isolated from macrophages, but the MEP cDNA is polyadenylated at a different site in the 3' non-coding region. Strong homology of MEP with human cathepsin L suggests that MEP is the mouse analogue of cathepsin L. Amino acid sequencing of the N-terminus of the secreted form of MEP indicates that, during secretion, the polypeptide is cleaved between amino acids 17 and 18. We have placed the MEP cDNA in a eukaryotic expression vector and demonstrated the production of the 39 kDa polypeptide form of mouse MEP in monkey CV-1 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B R Troen
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Huber M, Garfinkel L, Gitler C, Mirelman D, Revel M, Rozenblatt S. Entamoeba histolytica: cloning and characterization of actin cDNA. Mol Biochem Parasitol 1987; 24:227-35. [PMID: 2888016 DOI: 10.1016/0166-6851(87)90154-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In order to study gene expression in the human parasite Entamoeba histolytica, a cDNA library of E. histolytica strain 200:NIH was constructed using the phage vector lambda gt10. Three cDNA clones (A, B and C) were selected for further analysis. Each of the three clones hybridized to a distinct mRNA. Two of these mRNAs were translated in vitro after hybrid selection, and yielded distinct translation products. One of these mRNAs, selected by hybridization to clone A, encodes the most abundantly expressed protein in E. histolytica. DNA sequence analysis of this cDNA clone identified the DNA as that encoding actin. The deduced amino acid sequence of E. histolytica actin resembles both cytoplasmic and muscle actins and has an unusual N-terminal glycine residue. We have shown that a family of actin genes is present in E. histolytica. Six different E. histolytica actin clones were obtained from a lambda gt10 genomic library using subcloned cDNA probes. Southern analysis of three different E. histolytica strains (200:NIH, Rhaman, and HM-1:IMSS) revealed at least four different actin genes. Strain HM-1:IMSS, however, differs by the presence of an additional actin gene.
Collapse
|
22
|
Dahl HH, Hunt SM, Hutchison WM, Brown GK. The human pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. Isolation of cDNA clones for the E1 alpha subunit, sequence analysis, and characterization of the mRNA. J Biol Chem 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)48250-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
|
23
|
Lovell-Badge RH, Bygrave A, Bradley A, Robertson E, Tilly R, Cheah KS. Tissue-specific expression of the human type II collagen gene in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1987; 84:2803-7. [PMID: 3033664 PMCID: PMC304747 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.84.9.2803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Type II collagen is crucial to the development of form in vertebrates as it is the major protein of cartilage. To study the factors regulating its expression we introduced a cosmid containing the human type II collagen gene, including 4.5 kilobases of 5' and 2.2 kilobases of 3' flanking DNA, into embryonic stem cells in vitro. The transformed cells contribute to all tissues in chimeric mice allowing the expression of the exogenous gene to be studied in vivo. Human type II collagen mRNA is restricted to tissues showing transcription from the endogenous gene and human type II collagen is found in extracellular matrix surrounding chondrocytes in cartilage. The results indicate that the cis-acting requirements for correct temporal and spatial regulation of the gene are contained within the introduced DNA.
Collapse
|
24
|
Dahl HH, Hutchison W, McAdam W, Wake S, Morgan FJ, Cotton RG. Human dihydropteridine reductase: characterisation of a cDNA clone and its use in analysis of patients with dihydropteridine reductase deficiency. Nucleic Acids Res 1987; 15:1921-32. [PMID: 3031582 PMCID: PMC340608 DOI: 10.1093/nar/15.5.1921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Deficiency of human dihydropteridine reductase (hDHPR) causes malignant hyperphenylalaninemia. We report the isolation of a cDNA clone for hDHPR that spans the complete coding region, and present the nucleotide sequence and the predicted amino acid sequence. The hDHPR protein does not share extensive homology with the enzymatically related protein human dihydrofolate reductase. Patients with hDHPR deficiency were analysed for the presence of hDHPR cross-reacting protein, mRNA encoding hDHPR, and chromosomal DNA rearrangements. The results show that this inherited error of metabolism can result from a variety of mutations. However, no major rearrangements were seen in 11 patients analysed by Southern blotting. Three RFLPs were found with the restriction endonucleases AvaII and MspI. These RFLPs are useful for prenatal diagnosis of hDHPR deficiency.
Collapse
|
25
|
Yan YL, Kunert CJ, Postlethwait JH. Sequence homologies among the three yolk polypeptide (Yp) genes in Drosophila melanogaster. Nucleic Acids Res 1987; 15:67-85. [PMID: 3029679 PMCID: PMC340398 DOI: 10.1093/nar/15.1.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
To identify candidates for cis-acting sequences that regulate the sex-, stage-, and cell-specific expression of three coordinately regulated yolk polypeptide genes (Yp) in Drosophila melanogaster, we have mapped the Yp3 transcript, sequenced a 4278 bp DNA fragment containing the Yp3 gene, compared Yp3 region sequences to corresponding parts of Yp1 and Yp2, and compared the predicted amino acid sequence of YP3 to YP1 and YP2. The results showed that the Yps are largely homologous in translated regions, especially in the 3' half of the genes. Untranscribed flanking regions had little homology. A conserved inverted repeat (the H-box) has homology both to vertebrate steroid hormone receptor binding sites and to the ecdysone control region of Drosophila's hsp23. These results identify sequences to mutate in order to define elements that regulate Yp gene expression and govern YP polypeptide function.
Collapse
|
26
|
Marie J, Simon MP, Lone YC, Cognet M, Kahn A. Tissue-specific heterogeneity of the 3'-untranslated region of L-type pyruvate kinase mRNAs. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1986; 158:33-41. [PMID: 2874025 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1986.tb09717.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A single L-type pyruvate kinase (PK) gene seems to exist per haploid genome. It is expressed in the liver, kidney and small intestine in the form of three mRNA species of 2, 2.2 and 3.2 X 10(3) bases (kb). All three species are polyadenylated and translatable into the same L-type subunit. Primer extension experiments demonstrate that all three PK mRNAs have the same 5' ends. Nuclease S1 protection experiments with various cDNA and 3' genomic probes indicate that the different mRNA species only differ by the length of their 3' noncoding region. The mechanism responsible for the production of the three transcripts seems to be the use of alternative unusual polyadenylation sites. Run-on assays with specific probes recognizing only the 3.2-kb or all three mRNA species show that the transcription proceeds across the gene with similar rate. This means that the process involved in generation of the three transcripts is a posttranscriptional event, probably due to different sites of endonucleolytic cleavage of primary transcripts extending 3' from the gene region encoding the mature mRNAs. The ratio between the different PK mRNA species is, to a certain extent, tissue-specific and changes with development. The role of an 'identifier sequence' located in the 3' noncoding sequence of the 3.2-kb species in such a tissue-specific use of alternative polyadenylation sites is discussed.
Collapse
|