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Abramczyk O, Zień P, Zieliński R, Pilecki M, Hellman U, Szyszka R. The protein kinase 60S is a free catalytic CK2alpha' subunit and forms an inactive complex with superoxide dismutase SOD1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2003; 307:31-40. [PMID: 12849977 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(03)01126-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The 60S ribosomes from Saccharomyces cerevisiae contain a set of acidic P-proteins playing an important role in the ribosome function. Reversible phosphorylation of those proteins is a mechanism regulating translational activity of ribosomes. The key role in regulation of this process is played by specific, second messenger-independent protein kinases. The PK60S kinase was one of the enzymes phosphorylating P-proteins. The enzyme has been purified from yeast and characterised. Pure enzyme has properties similar to those reported for casein kinase type 2. Peptide mass fingerprinting (PMF) has identified the PK60S as a catalytic alpha(') subunit of casein kinase type 2 (CK2alpha(')). Protein kinase activity is inhibited by SOD1 and by highly specific CK2 inhibitor-4,5,6,7-tetrabromo-benzotriazole (TBBt). The possible mechanism of regulation of CK2alpha(') activity in stress conditions, by superoxide dismutase in regulation of 80S-ribosome activity, is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Abramczyk
- Department of Molecular Biology, Environmental Protection Institute, Catholic University of Lublin, Al. Kraśnicka 102, PL-20-718, Lublin, Poland
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2
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Shimizu T, Nakagaki M, Nishi Y, Kobayashi Y, Hachimori A, Uchiumi T. Interaction among silkworm ribosomal proteins P1, P2 and P0 required for functional protein binding to the GTPase-associated domain of 28S rRNA. Nucleic Acids Res 2002; 30:2620-7. [PMID: 12060678 PMCID: PMC117291 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkf379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acidic ribosomal phosphoproteins P0, P1 and P2 were isolated in soluble form from silkworm ribosomes and tested for their interactions with each other and with RNA fragments corresponding to the GTPase-associated domain of residues 1030-1127 (Escherichia coli numbering) in silkworm 28S rRNA in vitro. Mixing of P1 and P2 formed the P1-P2 heterodimer, as demonstrated by gel mobility shift and chemical crosslinking. This heterodimer, but neither P1 or P2 alone, tightly bound to P0 and formed a pentameric complex, presumably as P0(P1-P2)2, assumed from its molecular weight derived from sedimentation analysis. Complex formation strongly stimulated binding of P0 to the GTPase-associated RNA domain. The protein complex and eL12 (E.coli L11-type), which cross-bound to the E.coli equivalent RNA domain, were tested for their function by replacing with the E.coli counterparts L10.L7/L12 complex and L11 on the rRNA domain within the 50S subunits. Both P1 and P2, together with P0 and eL12, were required to activate ribosomes in polyphenylalanine synthesis dependent on eucaryotic elongation factors as well as eEF-2-dependent GTPase activity. The results suggest that formation of the P1-P2 heterodimer is required for subsequent formation of the P0(P1-P2)2 complex and its functional rRNA binding in silkworm ribosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Shimizu
- Institute of High Polymer Research and Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Ueda 386-8567, Japan
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3
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Lambertsson A. The minute genes in Drosophila and their molecular functions. ADVANCES IN GENETICS 1998; 38:69-134. [PMID: 9677706 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2660(08)60142-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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4
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Szick K, Springer M, Bailey-Serres J. Evolutionary analyses of the 12-kDa acidic ribosomal P-proteins reveal a distinct protein of higher plant ribosomes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1998; 95:2378-83. [PMID: 9482893 PMCID: PMC19351 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.95.5.2378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/1997] [Accepted: 12/17/1997] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The P-protein complex of eukaryotic ribosomes forms a lateral stalk structure in the active site of the large ribosomal subunit and is thought to assist in the elongation phase of translation by stimulating GTPase activity of elongation factor-2 and removal of deacylated tRNA. The complex in animals, fungi, and protozoans is composed of the acidic phosphoproteins P0 (35 kDa), P1 (11-12 kDa), and P2 (11-12 kDa). Previously we demonstrated by protein purification and microsequencing that ribosomes of maize (Zea mays L.) contain P0, one type of P1, two types of P2, and a distinct P1/P2 type protein designated P3. Here we implemented distance matrices, maximum parsimony, and neighbor-joining analyses to assess the evolutionary relationships between the 12 kDa P-proteins of maize and representative eukaryotic species. The analyses identify P3, found to date only in mono- and dicotyledonous plants, as an evolutionarily distinct P-protein. Plants possess three distinct groups of 12 kDa P-proteins (P1, P2, and P3), whereas animals, fungi, and protozoans possess only two distinct groups (P1 and P2). These findings demonstrate that the P-protein complex has evolved into a highly divergent complex with respect to protein composition despite its critical position within the active site of the ribosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Szick
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Genetics, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521-0124, USA
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5
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Goddemeier ML, Rensing SA, Feix G. Characterization of a maize ribosomal P2 protein cDNA and phylogenetic analysis of the P1/P2 family of ribosomal proteins. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1996; 30:655-658. [PMID: 8605314 DOI: 10.1007/bf00049340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The nucleotide sequence of a full-length ribosomal P2 protein cDNA from maize was determined and used for a sequence comparison with the P2 and P1 proteins from other organisms. The integration of these data into a phylogenetic tree shows that the P proteins separated into the subspecies P1 and P2 before the eukaryotic kingdoms including plants developed from their ancestor.
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6
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Ballesta JP, Remacha M. The large ribosomal subunit stalk as a regulatory element of the eukaryotic translational machinery. PROGRESS IN NUCLEIC ACID RESEARCH AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1996; 55:157-93. [PMID: 8787610 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6603(08)60193-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J P Ballesta
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" Canto Blanco, Madrid, Spain
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7
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Remacha M, Jimenez-Diaz A, Santos C, Briones E, Zambrano R, Rodriguez Gabriel MA, Guarinos E, Ballesta JP. Proteins P1, P2, and P0, components of the eukaryotic ribosome stalk. New structural and functional aspects. Biochem Cell Biol 1995; 73:959-68. [PMID: 8722011 DOI: 10.1139/o95-103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The eukaryoic ribosomal stalk is thought to consist of the phosphoproteins P1 and P2, which form a complex with protein PO. This complex interacts at the GTPase domain in the large subunit rRNA, overlapping the binding site of the protein L11-like eukaryotic counterpart (Saccharomyces cerevisiae protein L15 and mammalian protein L12). An unusual pool of the dephosphorylated forms of proteins P1 and P2 is detected in eukaryotic cytoplasm, and an exchange between the proteins in the pool and on the ribosome takes place during translation. Quadruply disrupted yeast strains, carrying four inactive acidic protein genes and, therefore, containing ribosomes totally depleted of acidic proteins, are viable but grow with a doubling time threefold higher than wild-type cells. The in vitro translation systems derived from these stains are active but the two-dimensional gel electrophoresis pattern of proteins expressed in vivo and in vitro is partially different. These results indicate that the P1 and P2 proteins are not essential for ribosome activity but are able to affect the translation of some specific mRNAs. Protein PO is analogous to bacterial ribosomal protein L10 but carries an additional carboxyl domain showing a high sequence homology to the acidic proteins P1 and P2, including the terminal peptide DDDMGFGLFD. Successive deletions of the PO carboxyl domain show that removal of the last 21 amino acids from the PO carboxyl domain only slightly affects the ribosome activity in a wild-type genetic background; however, the same deletion is lethal in a quadruple disruptant deprived of acidic P1/P2 proteins. Additional deletions affect the interaction of PO with the P1 and P2 proteins and with the rRNA. The experimental data available support the implication of the eukaryotic stalk components in some regulatory process that modulates the ribosomal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Remacha
- Centro de Biologia Molecular, C.S.I.C. and U.A.M., Madrid, Spain
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8
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Andersson S, Saebøe-Larssen S, Lambertsson A, Merriam J, Jacobs-Lorena M. A Drosophila third chromosome Minute locus encodes a ribosomal protein. Genetics 1994; 137:513-20. [PMID: 8070662 PMCID: PMC1205974 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/137.2.513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Minutes (M) are a group of over 50 phenotypically similar Drosophila mutations widely believed to affect ribosomal protein genes. This report describes the characterization of the P element-induced M(3)95A(Plac92) mutation [allelic to M(3)95A]. This mutation can be reversed by the mobilization of the P element, demonstrating that the mutation is caused by insertion of this transposable element. The gene interrupted by insertion of the P element was cloned by use of inverse polymerase chain reaction. Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed a 70-75% identity to the human and rat ribosomal protein S3 genes, and to the Xenopus ribosomal protein S1a gene. At the amino acid level, the overall identity is approximately 78% for all three species. This is only the second time that a Minute has been demonstrated to encode a ribosomal protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Andersson
- Department of Genetics, University of Umeå, Sweden
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9
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Liao D, Dennis PP. Molecular phylogenies based on ribosomal protein L11, L1, L10, and L12 sequences. J Mol Evol 1994; 38:405-19. [PMID: 8007008 DOI: 10.1007/bf00163157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Available sequences that correspond to the E. coli ribosomal proteins L11, L1, L10, and L12 from eubacteria, archaebacteria, and eukaryotes have been aligned. The alignments were analyzed qualitatively for shared structural features and for conservation of deletions or insertions. The alignments were further subjected to quantitative phylogenetic analysis, and the amino acid identity between selected pairs of sequences was calculated. In general, eubacteria, archaebacteria, and eukaryotes each form coherent and well-resolved nonoverlapping phylogenetic domains. The degree of diversity of the four proteins between the three groups is not uniform. For L11, the eubacterial and archaebacterial proteins are very similar whereas the eukaryotic L11 is clearly less similar. In contrast, in the case of the L12 proteins and to a lesser extent the L10 proteins, the archaebacterial and eukaryotic proteins are similar whereas the eubacterial proteins are different. The eukaryotic L1 equivalent protein has yet to be identified. If the root of the universal tree is near or within the eubacterial domain, our ribosomal protein-based phylogenies indicate that archaebacteria are monophyletic. The eukaryotic lineage appears to originate either near or within the archaebacterial domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Liao
- Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver
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10
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Soto M, Requena J, Garcia M, Gómez L, Navarrete I, Alonso C. Genomic organization and expression of two independent gene arrays coding for two antigenic acidic ribosomal proteins of Leishmania. J Biol Chem 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(20)80617-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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11
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Levin MJ, Vazquez M, Kaplan D, Schijman AG. The Trypanosoma cruzi ribosomal P protein family: Classification and antigenicity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993; 9:381-4. [PMID: 15463674 DOI: 10.1016/0169-4758(93)90088-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The multi-copy ribosomal P proteins have been identified on the ribosomes of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, and their antigenicity is an important feature of human Trypanosoma cruzi infection. In this review, Mariano Levin, Martin Vazquez, Dan Kaplan and Alejandro Schijman give a rational basis for the classification of these proteins, and discuss their inter-relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Levin
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingenieria Genética y Biologia Molecular (INGEBI), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
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12
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Olson PF, Salo T, Garrison K, Fessler JH. Drosophila acidic ribosomal protein rpA2: sequence and characterization. J Cell Biochem 1993; 51:353-9. [PMID: 8501137 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.240510315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A cDNA encoding the Drosophila melanogaster acidic ribosomal protein rpA2 was cloned and sequenced. rpA2 is homologous to the Artemia salina acidic ribosomal protein eL12'. In situ hybridization to salivary gland polytene chromosomes localizes the rpA2 gene to band 21C. It is a single copy gene, with an mRNA of 0.8 kb. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of Drosophila ribosomal proteins followed by immuno-blotting showed that the rpA2 protein has an apparent relative mobility in SDS of 17 kD and an isoelectric point less than pH 5.0. Although the Drosophila gene rp21C may be the same as rpA2, the reported sequences differ. Comparisons of the aligned nucleotide sequences coding for the acidic ribosomal proteins rpA1 and rpA2 of Drosophila with those of other eukaryotes support the view of two separate, though closely related, groups of acidic proteins. Comparison with the Artemia homologues suggests that nucleotide identity may have been conserved by some constraint that acts in addition to the requirement for substantial similarity of amino acid sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- P F Olson
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles 90024-1570
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13
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Patel RC, Jacobs-Lorena M. Cis-acting sequences in the 5'-untranslated region of the ribosomal protein A1 mRNA mediate its translational regulation during early embryogenesis of Drosophila. J Biol Chem 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)48409-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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14
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Prieto J, Candel E, Fernández-Renart M, Coloma A. Dictyostelium discoideum acidic ribosomal phosphoproteins: identification and in vitro phosphorylation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1991; 1115:6-14. [PMID: 1958705 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4165(91)90004-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Four acidic phosphoproteins from the ribosomes of the slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum have been identified and partially characterized. These proteins are selectively released from ribosomal particles by salt/ethanol washes, have low molecular weight and acidic pI, and tend to aggregate in solution to form homodimers. These features correspond to proteins of different origins that have been included in the conserved family of eukaryotic A-ribosomal proteins, and, therefore, we have named them Dictyostelium ribosomal proteins A1, A2, A3 and A4. We also demonstrate that Dictyostelium ribosomal A-proteins are specifically phosphorylated in vitro by a type II casein kinase previously identified in Dictyostelium. Isoelectric focusing separation has permitted us to identify four proteins (or P-proteins) that may consist of the phosphorylated forms of A-proteins. A-proteins from Dictyostelium and yeast do not present immunological cross-reactivity. Dictyostelium A-proteins contain, therefore, some specific features in their amino acid sequence that distinguish them from other members of the conserved eukaryotic A-protein family; this conclusion is coherent with data deduced from the nucleotide sequence of cDNA clones encoding two Dictyostelium A-proteins (P1 and P2) which we have recently reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Prieto
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
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15
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Dorer DR, Anane-Firempong A, Christensen AC. Ribosomal protein S14 is not responsible for the Minute phenotype associated with the M(1)7C locus in Drosophila melanogaster. MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS : MGG 1991; 230:8-11. [PMID: 1745245 DOI: 10.1007/bf00290642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A locus associated with a severe Minute effect has been mapped at 7C on the X chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster. Previous work has suggested that this Minute encodes ribosomal proteins S14A and S14B. We have made a chromosomal deficiency that removes the S14 ribosomal protein genes, yet does not display the Minute phenotype. These data suggest that the S14 genes do not actually correspond to the Minute locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Dorer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
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16
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Hansen TS, Andreasen PH, Dreisig H, Højrup P, Nielsen H, Engberg J, Kristiansen K. Tetrahymena thermophila acidic ribosomal protein L37 contains an archaebacterial type of C-terminus. Gene 1991; 105:143-50. [PMID: 1937011 DOI: 10.1016/0378-1119(91)90144-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We have cloned and characterized a Tetrahymena thermophila macronuclear gene (L37) encoding the acidic ribosomal protein (A-protein) L37. The gene contains a single intron located in the 3'-part of the coding region. Two major and three minor transcription start points (tsp) were mapped 39 to 63 nucleotides upstream from the translational start codon. The uppermost tsp mapped to the first T in a putative T. thermophila RNA polymerase II initiator element, TATAA. The coding region of L37 predicts a protein of 109 amino acid (aa) residues. A substantial part of the deduced aa sequence was verified by protein sequencing. The T. thermophila L37 clearly belongs to the P1-type family of eukaryotic A-proteins, but the C-terminal region has the hallmarks of archaebacterial A-proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- T S Hansen
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Odense, Denmark
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17
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Dutton FL, Chovnick A. The l(3)S12 locus of Drosophila melanogaster: heterochromatic position effects and stage-specific misexpression of the gene in P element transposons. Genetics 1991; 128:103-18. [PMID: 1648000 PMCID: PMC1204441 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/128.1.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
l(3)S12 is a vital locus whose function is required in embryos, early larvae, late pupae and oogenesis. We have identified a cold-sensitive allele, l(3)S12(3), and characterized conditional misexpression of the gene associated with this mutation as well as with several euchromatic insertions of l(3)S12+ transposons. Surviving cold-sensitive mutants as well as underexpression variants generated by P element transformation display a phenotypic syndrome that can include delayed development, abnormal bristle morphology, and female sterility. Using these phenotypes, defects in putative "early" and "late" l(3)S12 expression can be identified. The sensitivity of certain l(3)S12+ insertions to site-specific euchromatic position effect appears to be due to separation of the gene from an endogenous enhancer element during cloning. This enhancerless construct can be used to identify and perhaps to select "permissive" euchromatic sites, presumably adjacent to enhancer elements, which in some cases permit elevated production not only of the l(3)S12 message, but also of a P element-l(3)S12 fusion transcript. Certain of these permissive sites appear to control stage-specific expression, and we propose that this system may be used to identify, clone, and characterize such loci. Heterochromatic position effect on this locus has been demonstrated. Available evidence suggests that the l(3)S12 gene may be involved in protein synthesis, perhaps encoding a ribosomal protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- F L Dutton
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs 06269-2131
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18
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Prieto J, Candel E, Coloma A. Nucleotide sequence of a cDNA encoding acidic ribosomal phosphoprotein P2 in Dictyostelium discoideum. Nucleic Acids Res 1991; 19:1341. [PMID: 1840653 PMCID: PMC333866 DOI: 10.1093/nar/19.6.1341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J Prieto
- Departmento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
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19
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Vilella MD, Remacha M, Ortiz BL, Mendez E, Ballesta JP. Characterization of the yeast acidic ribosomal phosphoproteins using monoclonal antibodies. Proteins L44/L45 and L44' have different functional roles. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1991; 196:407-14. [PMID: 1706664 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1991.tb15831.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In order to characterize the acidic ribosomal proteins immunologically and functionally, a battery of monoclonal antibodies specific for L44, L44' and L45, the three acidic proteins detected in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, were obtained. Eight monoclonal antibodies were obtained specific for L45, three for L44' and one for L44. In addition, two mAbs recognizing only the phosphorylated forms of the three proteins were obtained. The specific immunogenic determinants are located in the middle region of the protein structure and are differently exposed in the ribosomal surface. The common determinants are present in the carboxyl end of the three proteins. An estimation of the acidic proteins by ELISA indicated that, in contrast to L44 and L45, L44' is practically absent from the cell supernatant; this suggests that protein L44' does not intervene in the exchange that has been shown to take place between the acidic proteins in the ribosome and in the cytoplasmic pool. It has also been found that, while IgGs specific for L44 and L45 do not inhibit the ribosome activity, the anti-L44' effectively blocks the polymerizing activity of the particles. These results show for the first time that the different eukaryotic acidic ribosomal proteins play a different functional role.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Vilella
- Centro de Biologia Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
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20
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Disruption of single-copy genes encoding acidic ribosomal proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Cell Biol 1990. [PMID: 2183022 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.10.5.2182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Using the cloned genes coding for the ribosomal acidic proteins L44 and L45, constructions were made which deleted part of the coding sequence and inserted a DNA fragment at that site carrying either the URA3 or HIS3 gene. By gene disruption techniques with linearized DNA from these constructions, strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were obtained which lacked a functional gene for either protein L44 or protein L45. The disrupted genes in the transformants were characterized by Southern blots. The absence of the proteins was verified by electrofocusing and immunological techniques, but a compensating increase of the other acidic ribosomal proteins was not detected. The mutant lacking L44 grew at a rate identical to the parental strain in complex as well as in minimal medium. The L45-disrupted strain also grew well in both media but at a slower rate than the parental culture. A diploid strain was obtained by crossing both transformants, and by tetrad analysis it was shown that the double transformant lacking both genes is not viable. These results indicated that proteins L44 and L45 are independently dispensable for cell growth and that the ribosome is functional in the absence of either of them.
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21
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Remacha M, Santos C, Ballesta JP. Disruption of single-copy genes encoding acidic ribosomal proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Cell Biol 1990; 10:2182-90. [PMID: 2183022 PMCID: PMC360566 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.10.5.2182-2190.1990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Using the cloned genes coding for the ribosomal acidic proteins L44 and L45, constructions were made which deleted part of the coding sequence and inserted a DNA fragment at that site carrying either the URA3 or HIS3 gene. By gene disruption techniques with linearized DNA from these constructions, strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were obtained which lacked a functional gene for either protein L44 or protein L45. The disrupted genes in the transformants were characterized by Southern blots. The absence of the proteins was verified by electrofocusing and immunological techniques, but a compensating increase of the other acidic ribosomal proteins was not detected. The mutant lacking L44 grew at a rate identical to the parental strain in complex as well as in minimal medium. The L45-disrupted strain also grew well in both media but at a slower rate than the parental culture. A diploid strain was obtained by crossing both transformants, and by tetrad analysis it was shown that the double transformant lacking both genes is not viable. These results indicated that proteins L44 and L45 are independently dispensable for cell growth and that the ribosome is functional in the absence of either of them.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Remacha
- Centro de Biologia Molecular, CSIC, Canto Blanco, Madrid, Spain
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22
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A family of genes encode the multiple forms of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae ribosomal proteins equivalent to the Escherichia coli L12 protein and a single form of the L10-equivalent ribosomal protein. J Bacteriol 1990; 172:579-88. [PMID: 2404943 PMCID: PMC208480 DOI: 10.1128/jb.172.2.579-588.1990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae contains a family of genes that encodes four different but related small acidic ribosomal proteins designated L12eIA, L12eIB, L12eIIA, and L12eIIB and a single larger protein designated L10e. These proteins are equivalent (e) to the L12 and L10 proteins of Escherichia coli that assemble as a 4:1 complex onto the large ribosomal subunit. The five yeast genes (or their cDNAs) have been cloned and sequenced (M. Remacha, M. T. Saenz-Robles, M. D. Vilella, and J. P. G. Ballesta, J. Biol. Chem. 263:9044-9101, 1988; K. Mitsui and K. Tsurugi, Nucleic Acids Res. 16:3573, 3574, and 3575, 1988; this work). Here, the transcripts of these genes were characterized and quantitated and the proteins they encode were compared and aligned. Four of the genes, L12eIA, -IB, -IIA, and L10e, are uninterrupted, whereas the L12eIIB gene contains a 301-nucleotide-long intron between codons 38 and 39. The transcripts derived from each of these genes were analyzed by Northern (RNA) hybridization, primer extension, and S1 nuclease protection. All five genes are expressed, albeit at different levels. The transcript levels are coordinate and exhibit growth rate-dependent regulation in rich (glucose) and poor (ethanol) media. The five yeast proteins each contain a highly conserved acidic carboxy terminus of about 20 residues in length. This domain of unknown function is also present in archaebacterial but absent from eubacterial L10e and L12e proteins. Comparisons of the factor-binding domains in the yeast and other eucaryotic and archaebacterial L12e proteins indicate that the original duplication to produce the type I and II genes was a very ancient event. The evolutionary relationships between the eucaryotic, archaebacterial, and eubacterial L10e and L12e genes (and proteins) are discussed.
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Shimmin LC, Ramirez C, Matheson AT, Dennis PP. Sequence alignment and evolutionary comparison of the L10 equivalent and L12 equivalent ribosomal proteins from archaebacteria, eubacteria, and eucaryotes. J Mol Evol 1989; 29:448-62. [PMID: 2515294 DOI: 10.1007/bf02602915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The genes corresponding to the L10 and L12 equivalent ribosomal proteins (L10e and L12e) of Escherichia coli have been cloned and sequenced from two widely divergent species of archaebacteria, Halobacterium cutirubrum and Sulfolobus solfataricus. The deduced amino acid sequences of the L10e and L12e proteins have been compared to each other and to available eubacterial and eucaryotic sequences. We have identified the human P0 protein as the eucaryotic L10e. The L10e proteins from the three kingdoms were found to be colinear. The eubacterial L10e protein is much shorter than the archaebacterial-eucaryotic proteins because of two large deletions, one internal and one at the carboxy terminus. The archaebacterial and eucaryotic L12e proteins were also colinear; the eubacterial protein is homologous to the archaebacterial and eucaryotic L12e proteins, but has suffered rearrangement through what appear to be gene fusion events. Intraspecies comparisons between L10e and L12e sequences indicate the archaebacterial and eucaryotic L10e proteins contain a partial copy of the L12e protein fused to their carboxy terminus. In the eubacteria most of this fusion has been removed by the carboxy terminal deletion. Within the L12e-derived region, a 26-amino acid-long internal modular sequence reiterated thrice in the archaebacterial L10e, twice in the eucaryotic L10e, and once in the eubacterial L10e was discovered. This modular sequence also appears to be present as a single copy in all L12e proteins and may play a role in L12e dimerization, L10e-L12e complex formation, and the function of L10e-L12e complex in translation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Shimmin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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