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Fukatsu T, Ishikawa H. Phylogenetic position of yeast-like symbiont of Hamiltonaphis styraci (Homoptera, Aphididae) based on 18S rDNA sequence. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1996; 26:383-8. [PMID: 8814785 DOI: 10.1016/0965-1748(95)00105-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Almost all aphids harbor bacterial intracellular symbionts in mycetocytes. However, some Cerataphidini aphids do not harbor them but possess yeast-like extracellular symbionts in the abdominal hemocoel, suggesting that in a lineage of this group replacement of symbiont occurred from an intracellular bacterium to an extracellular fungus. To investigate the origin of the newly-acquired symbiont, the 18S rDNA sequence of the yeast-like symbiont of Hamiltonaphis styraci was determined by PCR direct sequencing. Molecular phylogenetic analyses indicated that the symbiont belongs to the subphylum Ascomycotina, the class Pyrenomycetes. It was also suggested that the yeast-like symbiont of H. styraci and that of planthoppers are phylogenetically very closely related to each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Fukatsu
- Zoological Institute, Faculty of Science, University of Tokyo, Japan
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2
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Naehring J, Kiefer S, Wolf K. Nucleotide sequence of the Schizosaccharomyces japonicus var. versatilis ribosomal RNA gene cluster and its phylogenetic implications. Curr Genet 1995; 28:353-9. [PMID: 8590481 DOI: 10.1007/bf00326433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Fission yeasts form a small but heterogeneous group of ascomycetes and it is still unclear whether they should be subdivided into three genera (Schizosaccharomyces, Octosporomyces, Hasegawaea) or remain a single genus (Schizosaccharomyces). In order to decide whether a new genus Hasegawaea should be established for the species Schizosaccharomyces japonicus and Schizosaccharomyces versatilis, we have characterized the entire rDNA cluster in Schizosaccharomyces japonicus var. versatilis and compared it with the homologous region from Schizosaccharomyces pombe and with complete rRNA gene sequences from other yeast genera. From a phage genomic library a recombinant lambda phage containing the entire rDNA repeat unit was isolated. In this paper we report the primary sequence of the 18s, 5.8s and 25s rRNA coding regions. The S. japonicus var. versatilis rRNA genes are 1823 (18s), 158 (5.8s) and 3422 (25s) nucleotides long. The two sequences of the larger rRNA genes exhibit 95.7% (18s) and 93% (25s) similarity with the homologous genes from S. pombe. The differences between the rRNA genes of S. japonicus and S. pombe, however, are much smaller than the intrageneric differences within the rDNA sequences of other yeast genera. Therefore, subdivision of fission yeasts into the genera Schizosaccharomyces and Hasegawaea does not to seem to be justified.
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MESH Headings
- Base Sequence
- Cloning, Molecular
- Conserved Sequence
- DNA, Ribosomal/genetics
- Genes, Fungal/genetics
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Multigene Family
- Phylogeny
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
- RNA, Fungal/chemistry
- RNA, Fungal/genetics
- RNA, Ribosomal/biosynthesis
- RNA, Ribosomal/chemistry
- RNA, Ribosomal/genetics
- RNA, Ribosomal, 5.8S/chemistry
- RNA, Ribosomal, 5.8S/genetics
- Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid
- Schizosaccharomyces/chemistry
- Schizosaccharomyces/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- J Naehring
- Institut für Biologie IV (Mikrobiologie), Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Germany
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3
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Nishida H, Sugiyama J. Archiascomycetes: detection of a major new lineage within the Ascomycota. MYCOSCIENCE 1994. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02268506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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4
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Sugiyama J, Suh SO. Phylogenetic analysis of basidiomycetous yeasts by means of 18S ribosomal RNA sequences: relationship of Erythrobasidium hasegawianum and other basidiomycetous yeast taxa. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 1993; 63:201-9. [PMID: 8259836 DOI: 10.1007/bf00872394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The basidiomycetous yeast genus Erythrobasidium Hamamoto, Sugiyama & Komagata, based on the type species E. hasegawianum Hamamoto et al., is characterized by filobasidiaceous basidia and the Q-10 (H2) system as its major ubiquinone. It is tentatively placed in the Filobasidiaceae. The molecular characterization is based on 18S ribosomal RNA sequence comparisons among the basidiomycetous yeasts, and the ultrastructural characterization on the cell wall and hyphal septal pores in E. hasegawianum clearly indicate a close relationship with the teliospore-forming yeasts Rhodosporidium toruloides and Leucosporidium scottii. Our molecular phylogeny with statistical analysis suggests that the existing taxonomic system of basidiomycetous yeasts, based primarily on the morphology of basidia including the teliospores (probasidia), should be revised.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sugiyama
- Institute of Applied Microbiology, University of Tokyo, Japan
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Govind NS, McNally KL, Trench RK. Isolation and sequence analysis of the small subunit ribosomal RNA gene from the euryhaline yeast Debaryomyces hansenii. Curr Genet 1992; 22:191-5. [PMID: 1525872 DOI: 10.1007/bf00351725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The small subunit ribosomal RNA gene (SSU rDNA) from the euryhaline yeast Debaryomyces hansenii has been isolated and sequenced. After appropriate alignment of this sequence with SSU rDNA sequences from 30 other taxa, phylogenetic reconstruction using distance matrix and maximum parsimony methods indicates that D. hansenii is most closely affiliated with Candida albicans, and occurs in the cluster of the yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Torulaspora delbruekii, Candida glabrata, and Kluyveromyces lactis. It appears that the capacity to tolerate high salt is independent of phylogenetic affiliations based on SSU rDNA analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- N S Govind
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara 93106
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6
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Evolution of Basidiomycetous Yeasts as Deduced from Small Ribosomal Subunit RNA Sequences. Syst Appl Microbiol 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0723-2020(11)80099-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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7
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Hendriks L, Goris A, Van De Peer Y, Neefs JM, Vancanneyt M, Kersters K, Berny JF, Hennebert GL, De Wachter R. Phylogenetic Relationships among Ascomycetes and Ascomycete-like Yeasts as Deduced from Small Ribosomal Subunit RNA Sequences. Syst Appl Microbiol 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0723-2020(11)80145-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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8
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Berbee ML, Taylor JW. Detecting morphological convergence in true fungi, using 18S rRNA gene sequence data. Biosystems 1992; 28:117-25. [PMID: 1292657 DOI: 10.1016/0303-2647(92)90014-p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
For the true fungi, phylogenetic relationships inferred from 18S ribosomal DNA sequence data agree with morphology when (1) the fungi exhibit diagnostic morphological characters, (2) the sequence-based phylogenetic groups are statistically supported, and (3) the ribosomal DNA evolves at roughly the same rate in the lineages being compared. 18S ribosomal RNA gene sequence data and biochemical data provide a congruent definition of true fungi. Sequence data support the traditional fungal subdivisions Ascomycotina and Basidiomycotina. In conflict with morphology, some zygomycetes group with chytrid water molds rather than with other terrestrial fungi, possibly owing to unequal rates of nucleotide substitutions among zygomycete lineages. Within the ascomycetes, the taxonomic consequence of simple or reduced morphology has been a proliferation of mutually incongruent classification systems. Sequence data provide plausible resolution of relationships for some cases where reduced morphology has created confusion. For example, phylogenetic trees from rDNA indicate that those morphologically simple ascomycetes classified as yeasts are polyphyletic and that forcible spore discharge was lost convergently from three lineages of ascomycetes producing flask-like fruiting bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Berbee
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Berkeley 94720
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9
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Bhattacharya D, Stickel SK, Sogin ML. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of actin genic regions from Achlya bisexualis (Oomycota) and Costaria costata (Chromophyta). J Mol Evol 1991; 33:525-36. [PMID: 1779434 DOI: 10.1007/bf02102805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Actin genic regions were isolated and characterized from the heterokont-flagellated protists, Achlya bisexualis (Oomycota) and Costaria costata (Chromophyta). Restriction enzyme and cloning experiments suggested that the genes are present in a single copy and sequence determinations revealed the existence of two introns in the C. costata actin genic region. Phylogenetic analyses of actin genic regions using distance matrix and maximum parsimony methods confirmed the close evolutionary relationship of A. bisexualis and C. costata suggested by ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequence comparisons and reproductive cell ultrastructure. The higher fungi, green plants, and animals were seen as monophyletic groups; however, a precise order of branching for these assemblages could not be determined. Phylogentic frameworks inferred from comparisons of rRNAs were used to assess rates of evolution in actin genic regions of diverse eukaryotes. Actin genic regions had nonuniform rates of nucleotide substitution in different lineages. Comparison of rates of actin and rDNA sequence divergence indicated that actin genic regions evolve 2.0 and 5.3 times faster in higher fungi and flowering plants, respectively, than their rDNA sequences. Conversely, animal actins evolve at approximately one-fifth the rate of their rDNA sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Bhattacharya
- Center for Molecular Evolution, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543
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10
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Clark-Walker GD. Contrasting mutation rates in mitochondrial and nuclear genes of yeasts versus mammals. Curr Genet 1991; 20:195-8. [PMID: 1657417 DOI: 10.1007/bf00326232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Base substitutions have been compared in two mitochondrial and two nuclear genes from three yeasts and three mammals. In yeasts, the two mitochondrial genes, cytochrome oxidase subunit 2 (COX2) and apocytochrome b (CYB), have fewer changes on a percentage basis than the nuclear-encoded cytochrome c (CYC) gene. By contrast, in mammals, the same mitochondrial genes have more mutations than CYC on a percentage basis. Sequence comparisons of the nuclear small-subunit ribosomal RNA (nSSU) gene shows that there are more substitutions per unit length in the three yeasts than in the three mammals. This result suggests that although the yeasts are more distantly related than the mammals, their mitochondrial genes have accumulated fewer changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- G D Clark-Walker
- Research School of Biological Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, A.C.T
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11
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Neefs JM, Van de Peer Y, De Rijk P, Goris A, De Wachter R. Compilation of small ribosomal subunit RNA sequences. Nucleic Acids Res 1991; 19 Suppl:1987-2015. [PMID: 2041797 PMCID: PMC331343 DOI: 10.1093/nar/19.suppl.1987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J M Neefs
- Departement Biochemie, Universiteit Antwerpen, UIA, Belgium
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12
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Barns SM, Lane DJ, Sogin ML, Bibeau C, Weisburg WG. Evolutionary relationships among pathogenic Candida species and relatives. J Bacteriol 1991; 173:2250-5. [PMID: 2007550 PMCID: PMC207775 DOI: 10.1128/jb.173.7.2250-2255.1991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Small subunit rRNA sequences have been determined for 10 of the most clinically important pathogenic species of the yeast genus Candida (including Torulopsis [Candida] glabrata and Yarrowia [Candida] lipolytica) and for Hansenula polymorpha. Phylogenetic analyses of these sequences and those of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Kluyveromyces marxianus var. lactis, and Aspergillus fumigatus indicate that Candida albicans, C. tropicalis, C. parapsilosis, and C. viswanathii form a subgroup within the genus. The remaining significant pathogen, T. glabrata, falls into a second, distinct subgroup and is specifically related to S. cerevisiae and more distantly related to C. kefyr (psuedotropicalis) and K. marxianus var. lactis. The 18S rRNA sequence of Y. lipolytica has evolved rapidly in relation to the other Candida sequences examined and appears to be only distantly related to them. As anticipated, species of several other genera appear to bear specific relationships to members of the genus Candida.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Barns
- GENE-TRAK Systems, Framingham, Massachusetts 01701
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