1
|
Tatsuta T. [Basic Research on Bullfrog Egg-derived Sialic Acid-binding Lectin for Cancer Treatment]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2022; 142:1045-1053. [PMID: 36184438 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.22-00116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Sialic acid-binding lectin from Rana catesbeiana (cSBL) is a multifunctional protein with both lectin and ribonuclease activity and is, therefore, called a leczyme. It exerts cancer cell-selective antitumor effects on a variety of cancer cells in vitro and in vivo under conditions where no undesired side effects are observed. cSBL elicits antitumor effects by degrading cellular RNA and subsequently inducing apoptosis via a pathway mediated by mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Further, it exerts synergistic antitumor effects with other molecules such as tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand and pemetrexed. Recent studies have revealed that long-term treatment of cancer cells with cSBL causes significant pleiotropic changes in the expression profiles of several genes, including multiple genes involved in metabolic pathways. Furthermore, cSBL reduces the expression of some cancer-related molecules such as human epidermal growth factor receptors, aldo-keto reductase 1B10, and ATP-binding cassette transporter C2. The information described above is expected to lead to useful applications, such as effective regimens comprising cSBL and other drugs. These findings reveal favorable properties of cSBL as an anticancer drug, which may contribute to the development of new therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takeo Tatsuta
- Division of Cell Recognition Study, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Discovery of antitumor effects of leczymes. Glycoconj J 2022; 39:157-165. [DOI: 10.1007/s10719-021-10033-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
3
|
Prats-Ejarque G, Lu L, Salazar VA, Moussaoui M, Boix E. Evolutionary Trends in RNA Base Selectivity Within the RNase A Superfamily. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1170. [PMID: 31649540 PMCID: PMC6794472 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a growing interest in the pharmaceutical industry to design novel tailored drugs for RNA targeting. The vertebrate-specific RNase A superfamily is nowadays one of the best characterized family of enzymes and comprises proteins involved in host defense with specific cytotoxic and immune-modulatory properties. We observe within the family a structural variability at the substrate-binding site associated to a diversification of biological properties. In this work, we have analyzed the enzyme specificity at the secondary base binding site. Towards this end, we have performed a kinetic characterization of the canonical RNase types together with a molecular dynamic simulation of selected representative family members. The RNases' catalytic activity and binding interactions have been compared using UpA, UpG and UpI dinucleotides. Our results highlight an evolutionary trend from lower to higher order vertebrates towards an enhanced discrimination power of selectivity for adenine respect to guanine at the secondary base binding site (B2). Interestingly, the shift from guanine to adenine preference is achieved in all the studied family members by equivalent residues through distinct interaction modes. We can identify specific polar and charged side chains that selectively interact with donor or acceptor purine groups. Overall, we observe selective bidentate polar and electrostatic interactions: Asn to N1/N6 and N6/N7 adenine groups in mammals versus Glu/Asp and Arg to N1/N2, N1/O6 and O6/N7 guanine groups in non-mammals. In addition, kinetic and molecular dynamics comparative results on UpG versus UpI emphasize the main contribution of Glu/Asp interactions to N1/N2 group for guanine selectivity in lower order vertebrates. A close inspection at the B2 binding pocket also highlights the principal contribution of the protein ß6 and L4 loop regions. Significant differences in the orientation and extension of the L4 loop could explain how the same residues can participate in alternative binding modes. The analysis suggests that within the RNase A superfamily an evolution pressure has taken place at the B2 secondary binding site to provide novel substrate-recognition patterns. We are confident that a better knowledge of the enzymes' nucleotide recognition pattern would contribute to identify their physiological substrate and eventually design applied therapies to modulate their biological functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guillem Prats-Ejarque
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lu Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vivian A Salazar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mohammed Moussaoui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ester Boix
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sialic Acid-Binding Lectin from Bullfrog Eggs Exhibits an Anti-Tumor Effect Against Breast Cancer Cells Including Triple-Negative Phenotype Cells. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23102714. [PMID: 30347895 PMCID: PMC6222625 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Sialic acid-binding lectin from Rana catesbeiana eggs (cSBL) is a multifunctional protein that has lectin and ribonuclease activity. In this study, the anti-tumor activities of cSBL were assessed using a panel of breast cancer cell lines. cSBL suppressed the cell growth of all cancer cell lines tested here at a concentration that is less toxic, or not toxic at all, to normal cells. The growth suppressive effect was attributed to the cancer-selective induction of apoptosis. We assessed the expressions of several key molecules associated with the breast cancer phenotype after cSBL treatment by western blotting. cSBL decreased the expression level of estrogen receptor (ER) α, while it increased the phosphorylation level of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). cSBL also suppressed the expression of the progesterone receptor (PgR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER2). Furthermore, it was revealed that cSBL decreases the expression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR/HER1) in triple-negative breast cancer cells. These results indicate that cSBL induces apoptosis with decreasing ErbB family proteins and may have great potential for breast cancer chemotherapy, particularly in triple-negative phenotype cells.
Collapse
|
5
|
Tatsuta T, Satoh T, Sugawara S, Hara A, Hosono M. Sialic acid-binding lectin from bullfrog eggs inhibits human malignant mesothelioma cell growth in vitro and in vivo. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190653. [PMID: 29298350 PMCID: PMC5752036 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma is an aggressive cancer that results from exposure to asbestos. The therapeutic options for this type of cancer are limited; therefore, the development of novel therapeutic agents is urgently required. Sialic acid-binding lectin isolated from Rana catesbeiana oocytes (cSBL) is a novel therapeutic candidate for cancer, which exhibits antitumor activity mediated through RNA degradation. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of cSBL in vitro and in vivo. Xenograft-competent H2452 and MSTO human mesothelioma cell lines were treated with cSBL, and the pathway by which cSBL induces apoptosis was analyzed. In vivo studies were performed using nude mice inoculated with one of the two cell lines, and the effects of cSBL and pemetrexed were monitored simultaneously. Furthermore, the pharmacological interactions between the three agents (pemetrexed, cisplatin and cSBL) were statistically assessed. It was demonstrated that cSBL treatments caused morphological and biochemical apoptotic changes in both cell lines. Caspase cascade analysis revealed that an intrinsic pathway mediated cSBL-induced apoptosis. The administration of cSBL significantly inhibited tumor growth in two xenograft models, without any adverse effects. Furthermore, the combination index and dose reduction index values indicated that the cSBL + pemetrexed combination showed the highest synergism, and thus potential for reducing dosage of each drug, compared with the other combinations, including the existing pemetrexed + cisplatin regimen. cSBL exerted prominent antitumor effects on malignant mesothelioma cells in vitro and in vivo, and showed favorable effects when combined with pemetrexed. These results suggest that cSBL has potential as a novel drug for the treatment of malignant mesothelioma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takeo Tatsuta
- Division of Cell Recognition Study, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Aobaku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Satoh
- Division of Cell Recognition Study, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Aobaku, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacotherapeutics, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Aobaku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shigeki Sugawara
- Division of Cell Recognition Study, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Aobaku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Hara
- Department of Clinical Pharmacotherapeutics, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Aobaku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hosono
- Division of Cell Recognition Study, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Aobaku, Sendai, Japan
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kariya Y, Tatsuta T, Sugawara S, Kariya Y, Nitta K, Hosono M. RNase activity of sialic acid-binding lectin from bullfrog eggs drives antitumor effect via the activation of p38 MAPK to caspase-3/7 signaling pathway in human breast cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2016; 49:1334-42. [PMID: 27513956 PMCID: PMC5021245 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Sialic acid-binding lectin obtained from bullfrog eggs (SBL) induces cell death in cancer cells but not in normal cells. This antitumor effect is mediated through its ribo-nuclease (RNase) activity. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. We found that the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway was activated when SBL induced cell death in three human breast cancer cell lines: SK-BR-3, MCF-7, and MDA-MB231. The suppression of p38 MAPK phosphorylation by a p38 MAPK inhibitor as well as short interference RNA knockdown of p38 MAPK expression significantly decreased cell death and increased the cell viability of SBL-treated MDA-MB231 cells. H103A, an SBL mutant lacking in RNase activity, showed decreased SBL-induced cell death compared with native SBL. However, the loss of RNase activity of SBL had no effect on its internalization into cells. The H103A mutant also displayed decreased phosphorylation of p38 MAPK. Moreover, SBL promoted caspase-3/7 activation followed by a cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose)-polymerase, whereas the SBL mutant, H103A, lost this ability. The SBL-induced caspase-3/7 activation was suppressed by the p38 MAPK inhibitor, SB203580, as well as pan-caspase inhibitor, zVAD-fmk. In the presence of zVAD-fmk, the SBL-induced cell death was decreased. In addition, the cell viability of SBL-treated MDA-MB231 cells recovered by zVAD-fmk treatment. Taken together, our results suggest that the RNase activity of SBL leads to breast cancer cell death through the activation of p38 MAPK followed by the activation of caspase-3/7.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Kariya
- Division of Cell Recognition Study, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, Sendai 981-8558, Japan
| | - Takeo Tatsuta
- Division of Cell Recognition Study, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, Sendai 981-8558, Japan
| | - Shigeki Sugawara
- Division of Cell Recognition Study, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, Sendai 981-8558, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Kariya
- Department of Biochemistry, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima City, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Kazuo Nitta
- Division of Cell Recognition Study, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, Sendai 981-8558, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hosono
- Division of Cell Recognition Study, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, Sendai 981-8558, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tatsuta T, Sugawara S, Takahashi K, Ogawa Y, Hosono M, Nitta K. Cancer-selective induction of apoptosis by leczyme. Front Oncol 2014; 4:139. [PMID: 24926439 PMCID: PMC4044787 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sialic acid-binding lectin (SBL) is a multi-functional protein that is isolated from oocytes of Rana catesbeiana. It has both lectin and ribonuclease (enzyme) properties, and therefore is called leczyme. We examined the anti-tumor effects of SBL and discovered that SBL has potential as a new type of anti-cancer drug. SBL causes a cancer-selective induction of apoptosis by multiple signaling pathways whereby RNA is its target. It is suggested that the mitochondrial pathway and endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated pathway participate in SBL-induced signaling. The synergistic anti-tumor effects with other molecules, such as tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis ligand and interferon γ, have been reported. In this study, we summarize the effects of SBL and focus on its cancer-selective apoptotic properties. In addition, we present a possible explanation for its cancer specificity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takeo Tatsuta
- Division of Cell Recognition Study, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University , Sendai , Japan
| | - Shigeki Sugawara
- Division of Cell Recognition Study, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University , Sendai , Japan
| | - Kohta Takahashi
- Division of Cell Recognition Study, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University , Sendai , Japan
| | - Yukiko Ogawa
- Divisions of Functional Morphology and Microbiology, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Nagasaki International University , Sasebo , Japan
| | - Masahiro Hosono
- Division of Cell Recognition Study, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University , Sendai , Japan
| | - Kazuo Nitta
- Division of Cell Recognition Study, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University , Sendai , Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang R, Tian G, Zhao Y, Zhao L, Wang H, Gong Z, Ng TB. A novel ribonuclease with HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitory activity purified from the fungusRamaria formosa. J Basic Microbiol 2014; 55:269-75. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201300876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Department of Microbiology; China Agricultural University; Beijing China
| | - Guoting Tian
- Institute of Biotechnology and Germplasmic Resource; Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Science; Kunming China
| | - Yongchang Zhao
- Institute of Biotechnology and Germplasmic Resource; Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Science; Kunming China
| | - Liyan Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology; Nanjing Agricultural University; Weigang Nanjing China
| | - Hexiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Department of Microbiology; China Agricultural University; Beijing China
| | - Zhiyuan Gong
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment; Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Jinan Shandong China
| | - Tzi Bun Ng
- Faculty of Medicine; School of Biomedical Sciences; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin New Territories Hong Kong China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sialyl-glycoconjugates in cholesterol-rich microdomains of P388 cells are the triggers for apoptosis induced by Rana catesbeiana oocyte ribonuclease. Glycoconj J 2013; 31:171-84. [PMID: 24271942 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-013-9513-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2013] [Revised: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
SBL/RC-RNase was originally isolated from frog (Rana catesbeiana) oocytes and purified as a novel sialic acid-binding lectin (SBL) that displayed strong anti-cancer activity. SBL was later shown to be identical to a ribonuclease (RC-RNase) from oocytes of the same species. The administration of SBL/RC-RNase induced apoptosis (with nuclear condensation and DNA fragmentation) in mouse leukemia P388 cells but did not kill umbilical vein endothelial or fibroblast cells derived from normal tissues. The cytotoxic activity of SBL/RC-RNase was inhibited by desialylation of P388 cells and/or the co-presence of free bovine submaxillary mucin. FACS analysis showed that SBL/RC-RNase was incorporated into cells after attachment to cholesterol-rich microdomains. Addition of the cholesterol remover methyl-β-cyclodextrin reduced SBL/RC-RNase-induced apoptosis. Apoptosis occurred through the caspase-3 pathway following activation of caspase-8 by SBL/RC-RNase. A heat shock cognate protein (Hsc70) and a heat shock protein (Hsp70) (each 70 kDa) on the cell membrane were shown to bind to SBL/RC-RNase by mass spectrometric and flow cytometric analyses. Quercetin, an inhibitor of Hsc70 and Hsp70, significantly reduced SBL/RC-RNase-induced apoptosis. Taken together, our findings suggest that sialyl-glycoconjugates present in cholesterol-rich microdomains form complexes with Hsc70 or Hsp70 that act as triggers for SBL/RC-RNase to induce apoptosis through a pathway involving the activation of caspase-3 and caspase-8.
Collapse
|
10
|
Tatsuta T, Hosono M, Sugawara S, Kariya Y, Ogawa Y, Hakomori S, Nitta K. Sialic acid-binding lectin (leczyme) induces caspase-dependent apoptosis-mediated mitochondrial perturbation in Jurkat cells. Int J Oncol 2013; 43:1402-12. [PMID: 24008724 PMCID: PMC3823373 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.2092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Sialic acid binding lectin (SBL) isolated from Rana catesbeiana oocytes is a multifunctional protein which has lectin activity, ribonuclease activity and antitumor activity. However, the mechanism of antitumor effects of SBL is unclear to date and the validity for human leukemia cells has not been fully studied. We report here that SBL shows cytotoxicity for some human leukemia cell lines including multidrug-resistant (MDR) cells. The precise mechanisms of SBL-induced apoptotic signals were analyzed by combinational usage of specific caspase inhibitors and the mitochondrial membrane depolarization detector JC-1. It was demonstrated that SBL causes mitochondrial perturbation and the apoptotic signal is amplified by caspases and cell death is executed in a caspase-dependent manner. The efficacy of this combinational usage was shown for the first time, to distinguish the apoptotic pathway in detail. SBL selectively kills tumor cells, is able to exhibit cytotoxicity regardless of P-glycoprotein expression and has potential as an alternative to conventional DNA-damaging anticancer drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takeo Tatsuta
- Division of Cell Recognition Study, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8558, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lee YH, Wei CW, Wang JJ, Chiou CT. Rana catesbeiana ribonuclease inhibits Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) replication and enhances apoptosis of JEV-infected BHK-21 cells. Antiviral Res 2011; 89:193-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2011.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2010] [Revised: 12/20/2010] [Accepted: 01/10/2011] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
|
12
|
Zhang RY, Zhang GQ, Hu DD, Wang HX, Ng TB. A Novel Ribonuclease with Antiproliferative Activity from Fresh Fruiting Bodies of the Edible Mushroom Lyophyllum shimeiji. Biochem Genet 2010; 48:658-68. [DOI: 10.1007/s10528-010-9347-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2009] [Accepted: 02/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
13
|
Abstract
A ribonuclease, with a molecular mass of 9 kDa and an N-terminal sequence resembling the sequence of a fragment of tRNA/rRNA cytosine-C5-methylase and a fragment of a alanyl-tRNA synthetase, was isolated from fresh fruiting bodies of the brown oyster mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus. The ribonuclease was purified using a very simple protocol that comprised ion-exchange chromatography on carboxymethyl (CM)-cellulose and affinity chromatography on Affi-gel blue gel. Subsequent gel filtration by fast protein liquid chromatography on Superdex 75 and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed that the ribonuclease was purified after the first two chromatographic steps. The ribonuclease was adsorbed on CM-cellulose and Affi-gel blue gel. The ribonuclease exhibited the highest activity toward poly A, lower activity toward poly C, slight activity toward poly G, and indiscernible activity toward poly U. The enzyme was stimulated upon exposure to 1 microm Mg2+ and 10 microm Zn2+, but was inhibited by the following ions at 10 mm: Ca2+, Mg2+, Zn2+, Cu2+, Fe2+, Mn2+, and Fe3+. The ribonuclease required a pH of 8.0 and a temperature of 50-70 degrees C to express maximal activity. It had a Km of 60 microm toward yeast tRNA. It lacked mitogenic and HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibiting activities, but exerted antiproliferative activity toward leukemia L1210 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Xia
- Department of Life Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Rutkoski TJ, Raines RT. Evasion of ribonuclease inhibitor as a determinant of ribonuclease cytotoxicity. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2008; 9:185-9. [PMID: 18673284 PMCID: PMC2818677 DOI: 10.2174/138920108784567344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Onconase (ONC) is an amphibian member of the bovine pancreatic ribonuclease (RNase A) superfamily that exhibits innate antitumoral activity. ONC has been granted both orphan-drug and fast-track status by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of malignant mesothelioma, and is poised to become the first chemotherapeutic agent based on a ribonuclease. Investigations into the mechanism of ribonuclease-based cytotoxicity have elucidated several important determinants for cytotoxicity, including efficient deliverance of ribonucleolytic activity to the cytosol and preservation of conformation stability. Nevertheless, the most striking similarity between ONC and bovine seminal ribonuclease, another naturally cytotoxic ribonuclease, is their insensitivity to inhibition by the potent cytosolic ribonuclease inhibitor protein (RI). RI typically binds to its ribonuclease ligands with femtomolar affinity--an extraordinary feat considering the modest sequence identity among the bound ribonucleases. Mammalian ribonucleases such as RNase A or its human homologue, RNase 1, have the potential to be more attractive chemotherapeutic agents than ONC owing to their higher catalytic activity, low potential for immunogenicity, favorable tissue distribution, and high therapeutic index, but are limited by their sensitivity to RI. These non-toxic mammalian ribonucleases can be transformed into potent cytotoxins by engendering them with RI-evasion using protein engineering strategies such as site-directed mutagenesis, multimerization, fusion to a targeting moiety, and chemical modification. In several instances, these engineered ribonucleases exhibit greater cytotoxicity in vitro than does ONC. Herein, we review the biochemical characteristics of RIribonuclease complexes and progress towards the development of mammalian ribonuclease-based chemotherapeutics through the elicitation of RI-evasion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ronald T. Raines
- Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, WI 53706-1544, USA; Tel: (608) 262-8588; Fax: (608) 262-3453;
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Guan G, Wang H, Ng T. A novel ribonuclease with antiproliferative activity from fresh fruiting bodies of the edible mushroom Hypsizigus marmoreus. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2007; 1770:1593-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2007.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2007] [Revised: 07/27/2007] [Accepted: 07/30/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
16
|
Mironova NL, Pyshnyi DV, Shtadler DV, Fedorova AA, Vlassov VV, Zenkova MA. RNase T1 mimicking artificial ribonuclease. Nucleic Acids Res 2007; 35:2356-67. [PMID: 17389642 PMCID: PMC1874650 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkm143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, artificial ribonucleases (aRNases)—conjugates of oligodeoxyribonucleotides and peptide (LR)4-G-amide—were designed and assessed in terms of the activity and specificity of RNA cleavage. The conjugates were shown to cleave RNA at Pyr-A and G–X sequences. Variations of oligonucleotide length and sequence, peptide and linker structure led to the development of conjugates exhibiting G–X cleavage specificity only. The most efficient catalyst is built of nonadeoxyribonucleotide of unique sequence and peptide (LR)4-G-NH2 connected by the linker of three abasic deoxyribonucleotides (conjugate pep-9). Investigation of the cleavage specificity of conjugate pep-9 showed that the compound is the first single-stranded guanine-specific aRNase, which mimics RNase T1. Rate enhancement of RNA cleavage at G–X linkages catalysed by pep-9 is 108 compared to non-catalysed reaction, pep-9 cleaves these linkages only 105-fold less efficiently than RNase T1 (kcat_RNase T1/kcat_pep-9 = 105).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - M. A. Zenkova
- *To whom correspondence should be addressed. (383)3333761(383)3333677
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wang HX, Ng TB. A novel ribonuclease from fresh fruiting bodies of the portabella mushroom Agaricus bisporus. Biochem Cell Biol 2006; 84:178-83. [PMID: 16609698 DOI: 10.1139/o06-033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A 14 kDa ribonuclease with a novel N-terminal sequence was isolated from fresh fruiting bodies of the portabella mushroom. It was adsorbed on DEAE-cellulose and carboxymethyl-cellulose, and demonstrated the highest ribonucleolytic potency toward poly (A), 60% as much activity toward poly (C), 40% as much activity toward poly (U), and the least activity (7% as much) toward poly (G). It exhibited a pH optimum at pH 4.5 and a temperature optimum at 60 °C. Its activity at 100 °C was higher than that at 20 °C.Key words: ribonuclease, portabella mushroom, isolation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H X Wang
- Department of Microbiology, China Agricultural University, Beijing and State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wang H, Ng TB. A ribonuclease from the wild mushroom Boletus griseus. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2006; 72:912-6. [PMID: 16544139 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-006-0385-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2005] [Revised: 01/18/2006] [Accepted: 02/18/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A ribonuclease (RNase) with a molecular mass of 29 kDa and cospecific for poly A and poly U was isolated from fruiting bodies of the mushroom Boletus griseus. Its N-terminal sequence exhibited some similarity to those of RNases from the mushrooms Irpex lacteus and Lentinus edodes. The RNase was adsorbed on diethylaminoethyl-cellulose, Q-Sepharose, and Affi-gel blue gel and was unadsorbed on CM-cellulose. The enzyme exhibited a temperature optimum between 60 and 70 degrees C and a pH optimum at 3.5.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hexiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Department of Microbiology, College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lou YC, Huang YC, Pan YR, Chen C, Liao YD. Roles of N-terminal pyroglutamate in maintaining structural integrity and pKa values of catalytic histidine residues in bullfrog ribonuclease 3. J Mol Biol 2005; 355:409-21. [PMID: 16309702 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2005.10.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2005] [Revised: 10/19/2005] [Accepted: 10/25/2005] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Many proteins and bioactive peptides contain an N-terminal pyroglutamate residue (Pyr1). This residue reduces the susceptibility of the protein to aminopeptidases and often has important functional roles. The antitumor ribonuclease RC-RNase 3 (RNase 3) from oocytes of Rana catesbeiana (bullfrog) is one such protein. We have produced recombinant RNase 3 containing the N-terminal Pyr1 (pRNase 3) and found it to be indistinguishable from the native RNase 3 by mass spectrometry and a variety of other biochemical and immunological criteria. We demonstrated by NMR analysis that the Pyr1 of pRNase 3 forms hydrogen bonds with Lys9 and Ile96 and stabilizes the N-terminal alpha-helix in a rigid conformation. In contrast, the N-terminal alpha-helix becomes flexible and the pKa values of the catalytic residues His10 and His97 altered when Pyr1 formation is blocked by an extra methionine at the N terminus in the recombinant mqRNase 3. Thus, our results provide a mechanistic explanation on the essential role of Pyr1 in maintaining the structural integrity, especially at the N-terminal alpha-helix, and in providing the proper environment for the ionization of His10 and His97 residues for catalysis and cytotoxicity against HeLa cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Chao Lou
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan, ROC
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wang HX, Ng TB. Purification of a novel ribonuclease from dried fruiting bodies of the edible wild mushroom Thelephora ganbajun. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2004; 324:855-9. [PMID: 15474506 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.09.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2004] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A ribonuclease, with a molecular mass of 30 kDa and a potent inhibitory activity toward HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (IC50=300 nM), was isolated from dried fruiting bodies of the edible wild mushroom Thelephora ganbajun. The ribonuclease exhibited a unique polyhomoribonucleotide specificity, with the highest activity toward poly(U), about 50% and 25% as much activity toward poly(A) and poly(C), respectively, and minimal activity toward poly(G). Unlike other mushroom RNases, the ribonuclease was adsorbed on DEAE-cellulose and Q-Sepharose, and unadsorbed on CM-cellulose. A temperature of 40 degrees C and a pH of 6-7 were required for maximal activity of the enzyme. The enzyme was characterized by an N-terminal sequence without any homology to known proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H X Wang
- Department of Microbiology, China Agricultural University, Beijing and State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Beijing, China.
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Castella S, Benedetti H, de Llorens R, Dacheux JL, Dacheux F. Train A, an RNase A-Like Protein Without RNase Activity, Is Secreted and Reabsorbed by the Same Epididymal Cells under Testicular Control1. Biol Reprod 2004; 71:1677-87. [PMID: 15253924 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.104.031666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Most of the proteins secreted in the epididymis are produced by the proximal region, and several of them are secreted in abundance. Many of these major proteins have now been identified, including a new epididymis-specific RNase A-like Train A protein, which has been recently described in several mammals. This protein is expressed and secreted exclusively in the initial part of the epididymis. RNase A activity was analyzed in the fluids from the testis and from different epididymal regions, but in no case was the Train A protein found to have RNase A activity. The protein was present only in the luminal fluid of the epididymal region that secreted it. Using an in vitro/in vivo microperfusion technique and immunogold electron microscopy labeling, we demonstrated that the epithelium that secreted it specifically reabsorbed the protein that was present in the lumen of the tubule. Thus, the presence of Train A protein in epididymal fluid was the result of a steady state between secretion and absorption. The transcription and translation of Train A mRNA were simultaneous and actively regulated by testicular factors. The function of this protein is unknown, but it does not seem to interact directly with sperm. As for other members of the RNase family (e.g., angiogenin), its biological activity might be expressed after its cellular reabsorption. This new compound might therefore participate in an unknown function in the epithelial cells of this first part of the epididymis by an autocrine pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Castella
- Equipe Gamète Mâle et Fertilité UMR 6175 INRA-CNRS-Université, PRC, INRA, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wang H, Ng TB. A ribonuclease with distinctive features from the wild green-headed mushroom Russulus virescens. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2004; 312:965-8. [PMID: 14651965 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2003.10.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A ribonuclease with an N-terminal sequence different from those of other ribonucleases has been purified from fruiting bodies of the mushroom Russula virescens. The RNase was adsorbed on DEAE-cellulose and Q-Sepharose in 10mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 7.1-7.3) and on CM-Sepharose in 10mM NH(4)OAc buffer (pH 4.6), unlike other mushroom ribonucleases which are unadsorbed on DEAE-cellulose. The RNase demonstrated a molecular mass of 28kDa in both gel filtration and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In contrast to other mushroom ribonucleases which are monospecific, it exhibited co-specificity towards poly A and poly C. It demonstrated a pH optimum of 4.5, which is lower than values reported for other mushroom ribonucleases, and a temperature optimum of 60 degrees C.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hexiang Wang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
|
24
|
Ngai PHK, Ng TB. A ribonuclease with antimicrobial, antimitogenic and antiproliferative activities from the edible mushroom Pleurotus sajor-caju. Peptides 2004; 25:11-7. [PMID: 15003351 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2003.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2003] [Accepted: 11/25/2003] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A 12 kDa ribonuclease preferential for poly U and with much lower activity toward poly A, poly G and poly C was isolated from fresh fruiting bodies of the mushroom Pleurotus sajor-caju. A purification procedure involving ion exchange chromatography on CM-cellulose, affinity chromatography on Red-Sepharose and Heparin-Sepharose, and fast protein liquid chromatography-gel filtration on Superdex 75 was used. The ribonuclease was adsorbed on all of the first three types of chromatographic media. It exhibited some activity toward herring sperm DNA and calf thymus DNA. The ribonuclease activity was unaffected in the presence of KCl (10 and 100 mM) and NaCl (100 mM and 1 M), but was strongly inhibited by CuSO4 (0.01 and 0.1 mM) and less potently inhibited by other divalent salts including MgCl2, CaCl2, ZnCl2, ZnSO4 and FeSO4. The optimal pH was 5.5 and the ribonuclease was stable up to 60 degrees C for 1 h. The ribonuclease inhibited mycelial growth in the fungi Fusarium oxysporum and Mycosphaerella arachidicola with an IC50 value of 95 and 72 microM, respectively. Out of the 12 species of bacteria tested, only Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus were inhibited in growth by the ribonuclease. Viability of the tumor cells HepG2 (hepatoma) and L1210 (leukemia) was reduced with an IC50 of 0.22 and 0.1 microM, respectively in the presence of the ribonuclease. The ribonuclease inhibited translation in a cell-free rabbit reticulocyte lysate system with an IC50 of 158 nM and 3H-methyl-thymidine uptake by murine splenocytes with an IC50 of 65 nM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick H K Ngai
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Gorbatyuk VY, Tsai CK, Chang CF, Huang TH. Effect of N-terminal and Met23 mutations on the structure and dynamics of onconase. J Biol Chem 2003; 279:5772-80. [PMID: 14645226 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m311233200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Onconase (rONC), otherwise known as ranpirnase or P-30 protein, which was initially purified from extracts of Rana pipiens oocytes and early embryos, exhibits anticancer activity both in vitro and in vivo and is in phase III clinical trials for tumor therapy. We have determined the solution NMR structure of a recombinant onconase with Met(-1), Gln1, and Leu23 residues (M-1, Q1, M23L)rONC. The 20 best solution structures had a backbone root mean square deviation of 0.41 +/- 0.09 A with respect to the average structure. The energy-minimized average NMR structure had a backbone root mean square deviation of 0.72 A from the x-ray crystallographic structure of native onconase; however, the orientation of the N-terminal residue in the two structures was very different. Comparison of the 15N HSQC spectrum of (M-1, Q1, M23L)rONC with that of a mutant E1S-rONC, which is identical to the nONC except with the N-terminal pyroglutamyl residue replaced by Ser, showed that N-terminal and residue 23 mutations induced structural changes in regions beyond the mutation sites. Model-free analysis of the backbone amide 15N-T1, 15N-T2, and 15N-1H NOE relaxation data for (M-1, Q1, M23L)rONC and E1S-rONC revealed that the E1S-rONC molecule showed very little flexibility, whereas (M-1, Q1, M23L)rONC exhibited substantial flexibility, which may account for the previously observed reduced stability and increased protease susceptibility. The alpha1 helix and beta-sheets of (M-1, Q1, M23L)rONC displayed bending motions. These data provided strong evidence for the presence of an N-terminal hydrogen bond network in E1S-rONC, but not in (M-1, Q1, M23L)rONC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vitaliy Y Gorbatyuk
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Liao YD, Wang SC, Leu YJ, Wang CF, Chang ST, Hong YT, Pan YR, Chen C. The structural integrity exerted by N-terminal pyroglutamate is crucial for the cytotoxicity of frog ribonuclease from Rana pipiens. Nucleic Acids Res 2003; 31:5247-55. [PMID: 12954760 PMCID: PMC203329 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkg746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2003] [Revised: 08/01/2003] [Accepted: 08/01/2003] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Onconase, a cytotoxic ribonuclease from Rana pipiens, possesses pyroglutamate (Pyr) at the N-terminus and has a substrate preference for uridine-guanine (UG). To identify residues responsible for onconase's cytotoxicity, we cloned the rpr gene from genomic DNA and expressed it in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). The recombinant onconase with Met at the N-terminus had reduced thermostability, catalytic activity and antigenicity. Therefore, we developed two methods to produce onconase without Met. One relied on the endogeneous E.coli methionine aminopeptidase and the other relied on the cleavage of a pelB signal peptide. The Pyr1 substitutional variants maintained similar secondary structures to wild-type onconase, but with less thermostability and specific catalytic activity for the innate substrate UG. However, the non-specific catalytic activity for total RNAs varied depending on the relaxation of base specificity. Pyr1 promoted the structural integrity by forming a hydrogen bond network through Lys9 in alpha1 and Val96 in beta6, and participated in catalytic activity by hydrogen bonds to Lys9 and P(1) catalytic phosphate. Residues Thr35 and Asp67 determined B(1) base specificity, and Glu91 determined B(2) base specificity. The cytotoxicity of onconase is largely determined by structural integrity and specific catalytic activity for UG through Pyr1, rather than non-specific activity for total RNAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- You-Di Liao
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Ye XY, Ng TB. Purification and characterization of a new ribonuclease from fruiting bodies of the oyster mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus. J Pept Sci 2003; 9:120-4. [PMID: 12630697 DOI: 10.1002/psc.437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A ribonuclease (RNase), possessing an N-terminal sequence disparate from those of ribonucleases from other mushrooms and previously isolated Pleuotus ostreatus RNases, was purified from the fruiting bodies of the edible mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus. The N-terminal sequence of Pleurotus ostreatus RNase did not manifest homology even to a previously reported RNase from the same mushroom. The ribonuclease was adsorbed on CM-Sepharose and Mono S. It exhibited a molecular mass of 12 kDa in both sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and gel filtration on Superdex 75. The ribonuclease displayed an activity of 11490 U/mg on yeast tRNA. The highest ribonuclease activity was exhibited toward poly U, followed by poly A and poly C. No activity was shown toward poly G. The optimal pH for its activity was 7 and the optimal temperature was 55 degrees C. It inhibited cell-free translation in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate with an IC50 of 240 nM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X Y Ye
- Department of Biochemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Wei CW, Hu CCA, Tang CHA, Lee MC, Wang JJ. Induction of differentiation rescues HL-60 cells from Rana catesbeiana ribonuclease-induced cell death. FEBS Lett 2002; 531:421-6. [PMID: 12435586 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(02)03577-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Rana catesbeiana ribonuclease (RC-RNase) exerted strong anti-tumor activity and its cytotoxicity was shown to correlate with differentiation stages of three different hepatoma cell lines. In this study, we demonstrate different RC-RNase cytotoxicity in undifferentiated HL-60 cells and in those that had been induced to differentiate by retinoic acid or dimethylsulfoxide. RC-RNase showed cytotoxicity in undifferentiated HL-60 cells, but not in HL-60 cells undergoing terminal differentiation. Furthermore, the caspase-9/caspase-3 pathway was activated when RC-RNase induced death in undifferentiated HL-60 cells and induction of differentiation led to a reversal of the caspase activation pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chyou Wei Wei
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, 114, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ye XY, Ng TB. A novel and potent ribonuclease from fruiting bodies of the mushroom Pleurotus pulmonarius. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2002; 293:857-61. [PMID: 12054550 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(02)00301-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A ribonuclease (RNase), with an N-terminal sequence different from those of ribonucleases from the mushrooms Irpex lacteus, Lentinus edodes, Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus tuber-regium, and Volvariella volvacea, was purified from fruiting bodies of the edible mushroom Pleurotus pulmonarius. The N-terminal sequence of P. pulmonarius RNase manifested homology to a portion of the sequences of ribosome inactivating protein abrin-b, abrin-c, and abrin-d, and Bacillus subtilis transcriptional regulator. The ribonuclease was adsorbed on Affi-gel blue gel, CM-Sepharose, and Mono S. It displayed a molecular mass of 14.4 kDa in both sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and gel filtration on Superdex 75. The ribonuclease exhibited an activity of 25 114 U/mg on yeast tRNA. The highest ribonucleolytic activity was demonstrated toward poly C, followed by poly A, and then by poly G. There was no activity toward poly U. The optimal pH for its activity was 7 and the optimal temperature was 55 degrees C. It inhibited cell-free translation in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate with an IC50 of 0.33 nM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X Y Ye
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Hu CC, Lee YH, Tang CH, Cheng JT, Wang JJ. Synergistic cytotoxicity of Rana catesbeiana ribonuclease and IFN-gamma on hepatoma cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001; 280:1229-36. [PMID: 11162659 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2001.4272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
RC-RNase purified from Rana catesbeiana (bullfrog) oocytes is a pyrimidine-guanine sequence-specific ribonuclease. RC-RNase is derived from the RNase superfamily genes exerting distinct ribonucleolytic activity and possesses cytotoxicity to tumor cells, but rarely to primary cells. In this study, we utilized RC-RNase to function with antiproliferative cytokines. The combination with TNF-alpha or TNF-beta would not aggravate cell death. However, the combination with IFN-gamma could induce synergistic cytotoxicity verified by XTT assays toward three hepatoma cell lines bearing different differentiation stages. The distinct cytotoxicity from RC-RNase or RC-RNase/IFN-gamma on different hepatoma cells was correlated with the differentiation extent but not the proliferation rate of the cells. Despite the synergistic cytotoxicity and severe mitochondrial disruptions in the RC-RNase/IFN-gamma-treated cells, we scarcely detected any significant feature of apoptosis or necrosis by FACS analysis on annexin-V/propidium iodide staining. The mechanisms of cell death triggered by RC-RNase or RC-RNase/IFN-gamma require further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C C Hu
- Institute of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Hsu CH, Chen LW, Liao YD, Wu SH, Chen C. 1H, 15N and 13C resonance assignments and secondary structure determination of the RC-RNase 2 from oocytes of bullfrog Rana catesbeiana. JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR NMR 2001; 19:87-88. [PMID: 11246862 DOI: 10.1023/a:1008348302036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
|
32
|
Liao YD, Huang HC, Leu YJ, Wei CW, Tang PC, Wang SC. Purification and cloning of cytotoxic ribonucleases from Rana catesbeiana (bullfrog). Nucleic Acids Res 2000; 28:4097-104. [PMID: 11058105 PMCID: PMC113159 DOI: 10.1093/nar/28.21.4097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2000] [Revised: 09/20/2000] [Accepted: 09/20/2000] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribonucleases with antitumor activity are mainly found in the oocytes and embryos of frogs, but the role of these ribonucleases in frog development is not clear. Moreover, most frog ribonuclease genes have not been cloned and characterized. In the present study, a group of ribonucleases were isolated from Rana catesbeiana (bullfrog). These ribonucleases in mature oocytes, namely RC-RNase, RC-RNase 2, RC-RNase 3, RC-RNase 4, RC-RNase 5 and RC-RNase 6, as well as liver-specific ribonuclease RC-RNase L1, were purified by column chromatographs and detected by zymogram assay and western blotting. Characterization of these purified ribonucleases revealed that they were highly conserved in amino acid sequence and had a pyroglutamate residue at their N-termini, but possessed different specific activities, base specificities and optimal pH values for their activities. These ribonucleases were cytotoxic to cervical carcinoma HeLa cells, but their cytotoxicities were not closely correlated to their enzymatic specific activities. Some other amino acid residues in addition to their catalytic residues were implicated to be involved in the cytotoxicity of the frog ribonucleases to tumor cells. Because the coding regions lack introns, the ribonuclease genes were cloned by PCR using genomic DNA as template. Their DNA sequences and amino acid sequences are homologous to those of mammalian ribonuclease superfamily, approximately 50 and approximately 25%, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y D Liao
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan, Institute of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Chang CF, Chen C, Chen YC, Hom K, Huang RF, Huang TH. The solution structure of a cytotoxic ribonuclease from the oocytes of Rana catesbeiana (bullfrog). J Mol Biol 1998; 283:231-44. [PMID: 9761686 DOI: 10.1006/jmbi.1998.2082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
RC-RNase is a pyrimidine-guanine sequence-specific ribonuclease and a lectin possessing potent cell cytotoxicity. It was isolated from the oocytes of Rana catesbeiana (bull frog). From analysis of an extensive set of 1H homonuclear 2D NMR spectra we have completed the resonance assignments. Determination of the three-dimensional structure was carried out with the program X-PLOR using a total of 951 restraints including 814 NMR-derived distances, 61 torsion angles, and 76 hydrogen bond restraints. In the resultant family of 15 best structures, selected from a total of 150 calculated structures, the root-mean-square deviation from the average structure for the backbone heavy-atoms involved in well-defined secondary structure is 0.48 A, while that for all backbone heavy-atoms is 0.91 A. The structure of RC-RNase consists of three alpha-helices and two triple-stranded anti-parallel beta-sheets and folds in a kidney-shape, very similar to the X-ray crystal structure of a homolo gous protein, onconase isolated from Rana pipiens. We have also investigated the interaction between RC-RNase and two inhibitors, cytidylyl(2'-->5')guanosine (2',5'-CpG) and 2'-deoxycytidylyl(3'-->5')-2'-deoxyguanosine (3',5'-dCpdG). Based on the ligand-induced chemical shift changes in RC-RNase and the NOE cross-peaks between RC-RNase and the inhibitors, the key residues involved in protein-inhibitor interaction have been identified. The inhibitors were found to bind in a "retro-binding" mode, with the guanine base bonded to the B1 subsite. The His103 residue was found to occupy the B state with the imidazole ring pointing away from the active site. The structure coordinates and the NMR restraints have been deposited in the Brookhaven Protein Data Bank (1bc4 and 1bc4mr, respectively).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C F Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan, 11529, The Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Huang HC, Wang SC, Leu YJ, Lu SC, Liao YD. The Rana catesbeiana rcr gene encoding a cytotoxic ribonuclease. Tissue distribution, cloning, purification, cytotoxicity, and active residues for RNase activity. J Biol Chem 1998; 273:6395-401. [PMID: 9497370 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.273.11.6395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Rana catesbeiana ribonuclease (RC-RNase) is a pyrimidine-guanine sequence-specific ribonuclease found in R. catesbeiana (bullfrog) oocytes. It possesses both ribonuclease activity and cytotoxicity against tumor cells. We report here for the first time the cloning of RC-RNase cDNA from liver rather than from oocytes where RC-RNase is stored. An internal fragment of cDNA was obtained by reverse transcription-PCR using deduced oligonucleotides as primers. Full-length cDNA was obtained by 5'- and 3'-RACE technique. The cDNA clone, named rcr gene, contained a 5'-untranslated region, a putative signal peptide (22 amino acids), a mature protein (111 amino acids), a 3'-untranslated region, and a polyadenylation site. The cDNA which encoded the mature protein was fused upstream with a modified pelB signal peptide DNA and inserted into pET11d for expression in Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3). The secretory RC-RNase in the culture medium was enzymatically active and was purified to homogeneity. The recombinant RC-RNase had the same amino acid sequence, specific activity, substrate specificity, antigenicity, and cytotoxicity as that of native RC-RNase from frog oocytes. Amino acid residues His-10, Lys-35, and His-103 are involved in RC-RNase catalytic activity. Ribonucleolytic activity was involved in and may be essential for RC-RNase cytotoxicity. DNA sequence analysis showed that RC-RNase had approximately 45% identity to that of RNase superfamily genes. This indicates that RC-RNase is a distinct ribonuclease gene in the RNase superfamily.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H C Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Chen C, Hom K, Huang RF, Chou PJ, Liao YD, Huang T. The secondary structure of a pyrimidine-guanine sequence-specific ribonuclease possessing cytotoxic activity from the oocytes of Rana catesbeiana. JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR NMR 1996; 8:331-344. [PMID: 8953220 DOI: 10.1007/bf00410331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
RC-RNase is a pyrimidine-guanine sequence-specific ribonuclease and a sialic-acid-binding lectin purified from Rana catesbeiana (bullfrog) oocytes. This 111-amino acid protein exhibits cytotoxicity toward several tumor cell lines. In this paper we report the assignments of proton NMR resonances and the identification of the secondary structure deduced from NOE constraints, chemical shift index, 3JNH alpha and amide proton exchange rates. The protein was directly isolated from bullfrog oocytes; we were able to assign all but five of the amino acid backbone protons of the unlabeled protein by analyzing a large set of two-dimensional proton NMR spectra obtained at several temperatures and pH conditions. Our results indicate that the structure of RC-RNase is dominated by the presence of two triple-stranded antiparallel beta-sheets and three alpha-helices, similar to those of the pyrimidine family ribonucleases. Two sets of resonances were observed for 11 amide protons and 8 alpha-protons located in the loop-1 region, an alpha 2 helix, and three beta-strands, (beta 1, beta 3 and beta 4), suggesting the presence of nonlocalized multiple conformations for RC-RNase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Chen
- Division of Structural Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
The presence of RNase A activity was studied in vitro in homogenates of quail oocytes and early embryos using [3H]poly(U) as a substrate. The activity was measured by adsorption of the undegraded substrate onto DE-81 filter paper discs and by chromatographic separation on a Sephadex G-50 column. RNase A activity examined by these methods was almost undetectable in quail previtellogenic, vitellogenic and ovulated oocytes as well as in the embryos from laid eggs. It is estimated to be about 1.1 x 10(-5) Kunitz units per ovulated oocyte. Higher activity starts to appear in gastrulating embryos. These findings are discussed in relation to other studies demonstrating the high stability of maternal RNA during early development, especially in growing oocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- U Stepińska
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Mroków, Poland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Wang JJ, Tang PC, Chao SH, Cheng CH, Ma HJ, Liao YD. Immunocytochemical localization of ribonuclease in yolk granules of adult Rana catesbeiana oocytes. Cell Tissue Res 1995; 280:259-65. [PMID: 7781023 DOI: 10.1007/bf00307797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
To determine the localization of the pyrimidine-guanine sequence-specific ribonuclease in Rana catesbeiana (bullfrog) oocytes, the RNase was first isolated and used to prepare a specific rabbit antiserum. Only one protein of similar molecular size to the RNase was immunoprecipitated from ovary homogenate by the antiserum, but two bands were observed by Western blotting analysis. These two proteins were shown by further purification of antibody and Western blotting analysis to have similar antigenicity. Immunoprecipitation and Western blotting of tissue homogenates showed that the RNase was found predominantly in the ovary, but not in other tissues. The specific localization of the RNase was determined by immuno-electron microscopy of oocyte sections incubated with the specific antiserum; the yolk granules, but not other organelles, were found to contain the RNase. Most of the RNase was evenly distributed in the lateral amorphous area of the yolk granule but not in the central yolk crystal area which contains stored vitellogenin proteins. Our results indicate that the RNase is compartmentalized in the yolk granules of oocytes, which might prevent damage to cellular RNAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J J Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
Ribonucleases are widely found on the tissues of living organisms, but the functions of individual ribonucleases are not clear. To facilitate characterization of individual ribonucleases, I have developed a rapid method to separate and identify each ribonuclease from a crude sample by gel electrophoresis instead of by time-consuming purification steps. The ribonucleases in a crude sample are first separated by RNA-cast SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and then eluted from the gel after ethidium bromide staining. To determine the base specificity of each ribonuclease, a 5' labelled oligonucleotide with known sequence is added to the enzyme eluate and the digested products are analyzed by denaturing gel electrophoresis. The base specificity of bovine pancreatic ribonuclease (RNase A), bullfrog oocyte-specific ribonuclease (RC-RNase), human serum ribonucleases and sweet potato leaf ribonucleases were determined by this method. Other properties of individual ribonucleases, e.g. substrate preference, may also be determined from crude samples by this method without further purification steps.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y D Liao
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Liao YD, Wang JJ. Yolk granules are the major compartment for bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) oocyte-specific ribonuclease. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1994; 222:215-20. [PMID: 8200346 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1994.tb18859.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Rana catesbeiana ribonuclease (RC-RNase) is a pyrimidine guanine sequence-specific ribonuclease found only in R. catesbeiana (bullfrog) oocytes, not in other organs. An immunohistochemical assay showed that RC-RNase was present in the regular yolk granules, but not in forming yolk granules, yolk platelets, pigment granules, mitochondria clouds or the nucleus. The RC-RNase was restricted to the lateral amorphous area of the yolk granules, and was absent from the central area that has a vitellogenin crystal lattice. The RC-RNase was extracted from yolk granules by 0.5 M NaCl and purified by dialysis and affinity chromatography. Most of the RC-RNase (94%) was found in the yolk granules, the rest RC-RNase (6%) was found in the cytosol in the form of free RNase and latent RNase. The RC-RNase extracted from yolk granules was further analyzed by immunoprecipitation and RNase activity assay on an SDS/polyacrylamide gel. Our results suggest that the RC-RNase activity is regulated by both compartmentation and inhibitor binding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y D Liao
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | | |
Collapse
|