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Rodriguez R, Krishnan Y. The chemistry of next-generation sequencing. Nat Biotechnol 2023; 41:1709-1715. [PMID: 37845570 PMCID: PMC10999191 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-023-01986-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
The first large genome fully sequenced by next-generation sequencing (NGS) was that of a bacteriophage using sequencing by synthesis (SBS) as a paradigm. SBS in NGS is underpinned by 'reversible-terminator chemistry'. To grow from proof of concept to being both affordable and practical, SBS needed to overcome a series of challenges, each of which required the invention of new chemistries. These included the design and synthesis of unnatural deoxynucleotide triphosphates (dNTPs), engineering a suitable polymerase, a new surface chemistry and an ingenious molecular solution to neutralize copying errors inherent to all polymerases. In this historical Perspective, we discuss how NGS was developed from Sanger sequencing, highlighting the chemistry behind this technology, which has impacted biology in unprecedented ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël Rodriguez
- Institut Curie, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France.
| | - Yamuna Krishnan
- Department of Chemistry, the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
- The Neuroscience Institute, the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Institute of Biophysical Dynamics, the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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2
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Mathur D, Díaz SA, Hildebrandt N, Pensack RD, Yurke B, Biaggne A, Li L, Melinger JS, Ancona MG, Knowlton WB, Medintz IL. Pursuing excitonic energy transfer with programmable DNA-based optical breadboards. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:7848-7948. [PMID: 37872857 PMCID: PMC10642627 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00936a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
DNA nanotechnology has now enabled the self-assembly of almost any prescribed 3-dimensional nanoscale structure in large numbers and with high fidelity. These structures are also amenable to site-specific modification with a variety of small molecules ranging from drugs to reporter dyes. Beyond obvious application in biotechnology, such DNA structures are being pursued as programmable nanoscale optical breadboards where multiple different/identical fluorophores can be positioned with sub-nanometer resolution in a manner designed to allow them to engage in multistep excitonic energy-transfer (ET) via Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) or other related processes. Not only is the ability to create such complex optical structures unique, more importantly, the ability to rapidly redesign and prototype almost all structural and optical analogues in a massively parallel format allows for deep insight into the underlying photophysical processes. Dynamic DNA structures further provide the unparalleled capability to reconfigure a DNA scaffold on the fly in situ and thus switch between ET pathways within a given assembly, actively change its properties, and even repeatedly toggle between two states such as on/off. Here, we review progress in developing these composite materials for potential applications that include artificial light harvesting, smart sensors, nanoactuators, optical barcoding, bioprobes, cryptography, computing, charge conversion, and theranostics to even new forms of optical data storage. Along with an introduction into the DNA scaffolding itself, the diverse fluorophores utilized in these structures, their incorporation chemistry, and the photophysical processes they are designed to exploit, we highlight the evolution of DNA architectures implemented in the pursuit of increased transfer efficiency and the key lessons about ET learned from each iteration. We also focus on recent and growing efforts to exploit DNA as a scaffold for assembling molecular dye aggregates that host delocalized excitons as a test bed for creating excitonic circuits and accessing other quantum-like optical phenomena. We conclude with an outlook on what is still required to transition these materials from a research pursuit to application specific prototypes and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divita Mathur
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland OH 44106, USA
| | - Sebastián A Díaz
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, USA.
| | - Niko Hildebrandt
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
- Department of Engineering Physics, McMaster University, Hamilton, L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Ryan D Pensack
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA.
| | - Bernard Yurke
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA.
| | - Austin Biaggne
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA.
| | - Lan Li
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA.
- Center for Advanced Energy Studies, Idaho Falls, ID 83401, USA
| | - Joseph S Melinger
- Electronics Science and Technology Division, Code 6800, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
| | - Mario G Ancona
- Electronics Science and Technology Division, Code 6800, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - William B Knowlton
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA.
| | - Igor L Medintz
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, USA.
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Peykov S, Strateva T. Whole-Genome Sequencing-Based Resistome Analysis of Nosocomial Multidrug-Resistant Non-Fermenting Gram-Negative Pathogens from the Balkans. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11030651. [PMID: 36985224 PMCID: PMC10051916 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11030651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli (NFGNB), such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii, are among the major opportunistic pathogens involved in the global antibiotic resistance epidemic. They are designated as urgent/serious threats by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and are part of the World Health Organization’s list of critical priority pathogens. Also, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is increasingly recognized as an emerging cause for healthcare-associated infections in intensive care units, life-threatening diseases in immunocompromised patients, and severe pulmonary infections in cystic fibrosis and COVID-19 individuals. The last annual report of the ECDC showed drastic differences in the proportions of NFGNB with resistance towards key antibiotics in different European Union/European Economic Area countries. The data for the Balkans are of particular concern, indicating more than 80% and 30% of invasive Acinetobacter spp. and P. aeruginosa isolates, respectively, to be carbapenem-resistant. Moreover, multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant S. maltophilia from the region have been recently reported. The current situation in the Balkans includes a migrant crisis and reshaping of the Schengen Area border. This results in collision of diverse human populations subjected to different protocols for antimicrobial stewardship and infection control. The present review article summarizes the findings of whole-genome sequencing-based resistome analyses of nosocomial multidrug-resistant NFGNBs in the Balkan countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slavil Peykov
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, 8, Dragan Tzankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, 2, Zdrave Str., 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
- BioInfoTech Laboratory, Sofia Tech Park, 111, Tsarigradsko Shosse Blvd., 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Correspondence: (S.P.); (T.S.); Tel.: +359-87-6454492 (S.P.); +359-2-9172750 (T.S.)
| | - Tanya Strateva
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, 2, Zdrave Str., 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Correspondence: (S.P.); (T.S.); Tel.: +359-87-6454492 (S.P.); +359-2-9172750 (T.S.)
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Symbiotic Culture of Three Closely Related Dendrobium Species Reveals a Growth Bottleneck and Differences in Mycorrhizal Specificity at Early Developmental Stages. DIVERSITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/d14121119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Mycorrhizal specificity, i.e., the range of fungi allowing mycorrhizal partnerships, differs among orchid species, but that at early developmental stages is unclear. We investigated whether mycorrhizal specificity during seed germination and seedling development differs among three Dendrobium species, D. officinale, D. okinawense and D. moniliforme, in vitro. Nine mycorrhizal fungal strains were obtained from the roots of these species and cultured with a seed of each Dendrobium species. Five to eight fungal strains stimulated seed germination, whereas one to four fungal isolates significantly promoted protocorm development in the three species. To evaluate effects on leafy seedling growth, seedlings obtained from asymbiotic culture were cultured with nine fungal isolates. D. officinale and D. okinawense showed specificity for a single Serendipitaceae or Tulasnellaceae isolate, whereas D. moniliforme exhibited specificity for three isolates of Serendipitaceae and Tulasnellaceae. Therefore, the three Dendrobium species had a growth bottleneck from seed germination to the protocorm stage, and mycorrhizal specificity of protocorm growth and seedling development in vitro varied among the species. Our findings imply divergent mycorrhizal specificity in Dendrobium species at early developmental stages. This study provides insights into the diversity of orchid mycorrhizal specificity, as well as valuable information for conservation of endangered orchids.
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Heckmann CM, Paradisi F. Looking Back: A Short History of the Discovery of Enzymes and How They Became Powerful Chemical Tools. ChemCatChem 2020; 12:6082-6102. [PMID: 33381242 PMCID: PMC7756376 DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202001107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Enzymatic approaches to challenges in chemical synthesis are increasingly popular and very attractive to industry given their green nature and high efficiency compared to traditional methods. In this historical review we highlight the developments across several fields that were necessary to create the modern field of biocatalysis, with enzyme engineering and directed evolution at its core. We exemplify the modular, incremental, and highly unpredictable nature of scientific discovery, driven by curiosity, and showcase the resulting examples of cutting-edge enzymatic applications in industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian M Heckmann
- School of Chemistry University of Nottingham University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Francesca Paradisi
- School of Chemistry University of Nottingham University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Bern Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
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6
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Physisporinus is an important mycorrhizal partner for mycoheterotrophic plants: Identification of mycorrhizal fungi of three Yoania species. MYCOSCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.myc.2020.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Oketch JW, Kamau E, Otieno GP, Otieno JR, Agoti CN, Nokes DJ. Human metapneumovirus prevalence and patterns of subgroup persistence identified through surveillance of pediatric pneumonia hospital admissions in coastal Kenya, 2007-2016. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:757. [PMID: 31470805 PMCID: PMC6716807 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-4381-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is an important respiratory pathogen that causes seasonal epidemics of acute respiratory illness and contributes significantly to childhood pneumonia. Current knowledge and understanding on its patterns of spread, prevalence and persistence in communities in low resource settings is limited. METHODS We present findings of a molecular-epidemiological analysis of nasal samples from children < 5 years of age admitted with syndromic pneumonia between 2007 and 2016 to Kilifi County Hospital, coastal Kenya. HMPV infection was detected using real-time RT-PCR and positives sequenced in the fusion (F) and attachment (G) genes followed by phylogenetic analysis. The association between disease severity and HMPV subgroup was assessed using Fisher's exact test. RESULTS Over 10 years, 274/6756 (4.1%) samples screened were HMPV positive. Annual prevalence fluctuated between years ranging 1.2 to 8.7% and lowest in the recent years (2014-2016). HMPV detections were most frequent between October of one year to April of the following year. Genotyping was successful for 205/274 (74.8%) positives revealing clades A2b (41.0%) and A2c (10.7%), and subgroups B1 (23.4%) and B2 (24.9%). The dominance patterns were: clade A2b between 2007 and 11, subgroup B1 between 2012 and 14, and clade A2c in more recent epidemics. Subgroup B2 viruses were present in all the years. Temporal phylogenetic clustering within the subgroups for both local and global sequence data was seen. Subgroups occurring in each epidemic season were comprised of multiple variants. Pneumonia severity did not vary by subgroup (p = 0.264). In both the F and G gene, the sequenced regions were found to be predominantly under purifying selection. CONCLUSION Subgroup patterns from this rural African setting temporally map with global strain distribution, suggesting a well-mixed global virus transmission pool of HMPV. Persistence in the local community is characterized by repeated introductions of HMPV variants from the global pool. The factors underlying the declining prevalence of HMPV in this population should be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W. Oketch
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) -Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, KEMRI Centre for Geographic Medicine Research – Coast, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Everlyn Kamau
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) -Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, KEMRI Centre for Geographic Medicine Research – Coast, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Grieven P. Otieno
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) -Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, KEMRI Centre for Geographic Medicine Research – Coast, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - James R. Otieno
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) -Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, KEMRI Centre for Geographic Medicine Research – Coast, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Charles N. Agoti
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) -Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, KEMRI Centre for Geographic Medicine Research – Coast, Kilifi, Kenya
- School of Health and Human Sciences, Pwani University, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - D. James Nokes
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) -Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, KEMRI Centre for Geographic Medicine Research – Coast, Kilifi, Kenya
- School of Health and Human Sciences, Pwani University, Kilifi, Kenya
- School of Life Sciences, and Zeeman Institute for Systems Biology and Infectious Disease Epidemiology Research (SBIDER), University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
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Güixens-Gallardo P, Zawada Z, Matyašovský J, Dziuba D, Pohl R, Kraus T, Hocek M. Brightly Fluorescent 2′-Deoxyribonucleoside Triphosphates Bearing Methylated Bodipy Fluorophore for in Cellulo Incorporation to DNA, Imaging, and Flow Cytometry. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:3906-3912. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Güixens-Gallardo
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 8, CZ-12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Zbigniew Zawada
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Ján Matyašovský
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 8, CZ-12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Dmytro Dziuba
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Pohl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Kraus
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Hocek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 8, CZ-12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic
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Pandey S, Congdon J, McInnes B, Pop A, Coulter C. Evaluation of the GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay on extrapulmonary and respiratory samples other than sputum: a low burden country experience. Pathology 2016; 49:70-74. [PMID: 27913043 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the performance of the GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay on extrapulmonary (EP) and respiratory (non-sputum) clinical samples of patients suspected of having tuberculosis (TB) from Queensland, Australia. A total of 269 EP and respiratory (non-sputum) clinical samples collected from Qld patients who were suspected of having TB were subjected to the GeneXpert MTB/RIF analysis, Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) staining, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) culture and drug susceptibility testing. Phenotypic and genotypic data were compared. The overall performance analysis of the GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay for detection of MTB complex demonstrated sensitivity of 89%, specificity of 95%, PPV of 89% and NPV of 95% using culture as a reference standard. The GeneXpert MTB/RIF analysis of acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear positive samples and AFB smear negative samples showed sensitivities of 100% and 77%, respectively. Looking at individual EP and respiratory (non-sputum) sample types, the sensitivity ranged from 60% to 100% although the specificity ranged from 33% to 100% with the specificity of lymph node tissue biopsy being the lowest. The GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay detected 11% more TB cases than culture and 27% more cases than ZN microscopy. Due to insufficient numbers of presenting rifampicin resistance cases, performance analysis of the GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay on rifampicin resistance could not be carried out. The GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay is potentially valuable for TB diagnosis in the majority of the EP and respiratory (other than sputum) samples in our setting. Although the GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay provides rapid diagnostic results, the overall sensitivity to rule out the disease is suboptimal for some specimen types. Performance varied according to specimen type and AFB smear status. The sensitivity and specificity of lymph node tissue was 63% and 33%. Care must be taken when using the GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay for detection of MTB in lymph node tissue samples. All samples should be cultured regardless of the GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay result.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushil Pandey
- Queensland Mycobacterium Reference Laboratory, Pathology Queensland, Queensland Health, Qld, Australia.
| | - Jacob Congdon
- Queensland Mycobacterium Reference Laboratory, Pathology Queensland, Queensland Health, Qld, Australia
| | - Bradley McInnes
- Queensland Mycobacterium Reference Laboratory, Pathology Queensland, Queensland Health, Qld, Australia
| | - Alina Pop
- Queensland Mycobacterium Reference Laboratory, Pathology Queensland, Queensland Health, Qld, Australia
| | - Christopher Coulter
- Queensland Mycobacterium Reference Laboratory, Pathology Queensland, Queensland Health, Qld, Australia
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Junager NPL, Kongsted J, Astakhova K. Revealing Nucleic Acid Mutations Using Förster Resonance Energy Transfer-Based Probes. SENSORS 2016; 16:s16081173. [PMID: 27472344 PMCID: PMC5017339 DOI: 10.3390/s16081173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic acid mutations are of tremendous importance in modern clinical work, biotechnology and in fundamental studies of nucleic acids. Therefore, rapid, cost-effective and reliable detection of mutations is an object of extensive research. Today, Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) probes are among the most often used tools for the detection of nucleic acids and in particular, for the detection of mutations. However, multiple parameters must be taken into account in order to create efficient FRET probes that are sensitive to nucleic acid mutations. In this review; we focus on the design principles for such probes and available computational methods that allow for their rational design. Applications of advanced, rationally designed FRET probes range from new insights into cellular heterogeneity to gaining new knowledge of nucleic acid structures directly in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina P L Junager
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark.
| | - Jacob Kongsted
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark.
| | - Kira Astakhova
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark.
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Edlefsen PT, Birkmann A, Huang ML, Magaret CA, Kee JJ, Diem K, Goldner T, Timmler B, Stoelben S, Ruebsamen-Schaeff H, Zimmermann H, Warren T, Wald A, Corey L. No Evidence of Pritelivir Resistance Among Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Isolates After 4 Weeks of Daily Therapy. J Infect Dis 2016; 214:258-64. [PMID: 27056950 PMCID: PMC4918824 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiw129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pritelivir is a novel helicase-primase inhibitor in clinical development for treatment of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infections. In preclinical work, resistance-mediating mutations were identified in the HSV-2 genome at 3 loci in the UL5 gene and 1 locus in UL52. METHODS To evaluate whether daily pritelivir treatment results in emergence of resistance-mediating mutations, we analyzed HSV-2 strains detected in genital swab specimens from trial participants who were randomly assigned to receive different dosages of pritelivir. We sequenced resistance regions from 87 participants' samples, the UL5 gene in 73 samples from 44 participants, and the UL52 gene in 71 samples from 43 participants. RESULTS We found no evidence that pritelivir induced known resistance-mediating mutations or for amino acid variation at other loci. In one participant's HSV-2 isolate, we found a previously unidentified mutation close to the putative resistance-mediating region in UL5 and subsequently determined in vitro susceptibility to pritelivir. We characterized mutations from 32 cultivated HSV-2 isolates previously found to be susceptible to pritelivir in vitro and identified several novel mutations that most likely reflect preexisting variation in circulating HSV-2. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates evidence of retained susceptibility of HSV-2 to pritelivir in immunocompetent persons following daily therapy for up to 28 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul T Edlefsen
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center Department of Biostatistics
| | | | - Meei-Li Huang
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center Department of Laboratory Medicine
| | - Craig A Magaret
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center
| | - Jia Jin Kee
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center Department of Biostatistics
| | - Kurt Diem
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center Department of Laboratory Medicine
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Anna Wald
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center Department of Laboratory Medicine Department of Epidemiology Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Lawrence Corey
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center Department of Laboratory Medicine Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
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12
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Gade CR, Dixit M, Sharma NK. Dideoxy nucleoside triphosphate (ddNTP) analogues: Synthesis and polymerase substrate activities of pyrrolidinyl nucleoside triphosphates (prNTPs). Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:4016-4022. [PMID: 27377861 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The dideoxynucleoside triphosphates (ddNTPs) terminate the bio-polymerization of DNA and become essential chemical component of DNA sequencing technology which is now basic tool for molecular biology research. In this method the radiolabeled or fluorescent dye labeled ddNTP analogues are being used for DNA sequencing by detection of the terminated DNA fragment after single labeled ddNTP incorporation into DNA under PCR conditions. This report describes the syntheses of rationally designed novel amino-functionalized ddNTP analogue such as Pyrrolidine nucleoside triphosphates (prNTPs), and their polymerase activities with DNA polymerase by LC-MS and Gel-electrophoretic techniques. The Mass and PAGE analyses strongly support the incorporation of prNTPs into DNA oligonucleotide with Therminator DNA polymerase as like control substrate ddNTP. As resultant the DNA oligonucleotide are functionalized as amine group by prNTP incorporation with polymerase. Hence prNTPs provide opportunities to prepare demandable conjugated DNA with other biomolecules/dyes/fluorescence molecule without modifying nucleobase structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrasekhar Reddy Gade
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar, Jatni 752050, Odisha, India
| | - Manjusha Dixit
- School of Biological Sciences, NISER, Bhubaneswar, Jatni 752050, Odisha, India
| | - Nagendra K Sharma
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar, Jatni 752050, Odisha, India.
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Tarasenko YV, Abramova TV, Mamatuk VI, Silnikov VN. Effective Synthesis of Fluorescently Labeled Morpholino Nucleoside Triphosphate Derivatives. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2016; 35:32-42. [PMID: 26810366 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2015.1114125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Morpholino nucleoside triphosphates (A, U, G, C, T) bearing the active functional amino group tethered to morpholine residue and their fluorescently labeled derivatives were synthesized. All compounds were characterized by (1)H, (13)C, and (31)P NMR, and mass spectrometry. A possibility of using fluorescently labeled morpholino nucleoside triphosphates as chain terminators in DNA sequencing is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya V Tarasenko
- a Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS , Lavrent'ev Ave 8, Novosibirsk 630090 , Russian Federation
| | - Tatyana V Abramova
- a Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS , Lavrent'ev Ave 8, Novosibirsk 630090 , Russian Federation
| | - Viktor I Mamatuk
- b Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS , Lavrent'ev Ave 9, Novosibirsk 630090 , Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir N Silnikov
- a Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS , Lavrent'ev Ave 8, Novosibirsk 630090 , Russian Federation.,c NanoTech-S LLS , Lavrent'ev Ave 8, Novosibirsk 630090 , Russian Federation
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14
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Next-Generation Sequencing Approaches in Cancer: Where Have They Brought Us and Where Will They Take Us? Cancers (Basel) 2015; 7:1925-58. [PMID: 26404381 PMCID: PMC4586802 DOI: 10.3390/cancers7030869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies and data have revolutionized cancer research and are increasingly being deployed to guide clinicians in treatment decision-making. NGS technologies have allowed us to take an “omics” approach to cancer in order to reveal genomic, transcriptomic, and epigenomic landscapes of individual malignancies. Integrative multi-platform analyses are increasingly used in large-scale projects that aim to fully characterize individual tumours as well as general cancer types and subtypes. In this review, we examine how NGS technologies in particular have contributed to “omics” approaches in cancer research, allowing for large-scale integrative analyses that consider hundreds of tumour samples. These types of studies have provided us with an unprecedented wealth of information, providing the background knowledge needed to make small-scale (including “N of 1”) studies informative and relevant. We also take a look at emerging opportunities provided by NGS and state-of-the-art third-generation sequencing technologies, particularly in the context of translational research. Cancer research and care are currently poised to experience significant progress catalyzed by accessible sequencing technologies that will benefit both clinical- and research-based efforts.
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15
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Kim YT, Heo HY, Oh SH, Lee SH, Kim DH, Seo TS. Microchip-based forensic short tandem repeat genotyping. Electrophoresis 2015; 36:1728-37. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Tae Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 plus program), Institute for the BioCentury; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Young Heo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 plus program), Institute for the BioCentury; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Shin Hye Oh
- DNA Analysis Laboratory, Division of Forensic DNA; Supreme Prosecutors’ Office; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hwan Lee
- DNA Analysis Laboratory, Division of Forensic DNA; Supreme Prosecutors’ Office; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Do Hyun Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 plus program), Institute for the BioCentury; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Seok Seo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 plus program), Institute for the BioCentury; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); Daejeon Republic of Korea
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Efficient synthesis of terminal 4-methylumbelliferyl labeled 5-fluoro-2′-deoxyuridine-5′-O-tetraphosphate (Um-PPPP-FdU): a potential probe for homogenous fluorescent assay. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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17
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Wald A, Corey L, Timmler B, Magaret A, Warren T, Tyring S, Johnston C, Kriesel J, Fife K, Galitz L, Stoelben S, Huang ML, Selke S, Stobernack HP, Ruebsamen-Schaeff H, Birkmann A. Helicase-primase inhibitor pritelivir for HSV-2 infection. N Engl J Med 2014; 370:201-10. [PMID: 24428466 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1301150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pritelivir, an inhibitor of the viral helicase-primase complex, exhibits antiviral activity in vitro and in animal models of herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection. We tested the efficacy and safety of pritelivir in otherwise healthy persons with genital HSV-2 infection. METHODS We randomly assigned 156 HSV-2-positive persons with a history of genital herpes to receive one of four doses of oral pritelivir (5, 25, or 75 mg daily, or 400 mg weekly) or placebo for 28 days. Participants obtained daily swabs from the genital area for HSV-2 testing, which was performed with a polymerase-chain-reaction assay. Participants also maintained a diary of genital signs and symptoms. The primary end point was the rate of genital HSV shedding. RESULTS HSV shedding among placebo recipients was detected on 16.6% of days; shedding among pritelivir recipients was detected on 18.2% of days among those receiving 5 mg daily, 9.3% of days among those receiving 25 mg daily, 2.1% of days among those receiving 75 mg daily, and 5.3% of days among those receiving 400 mg weekly. The relative risk of viral shedding with pritelivir, as compared with placebo, was 1.11 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.65 to 1.87) with the 5-mg daily dose, 0.57 (95% CI, 0.31 to 1.03) with the 25-mg daily dose, 0.13 (95% CI, 0.04 to 0.38) with the 75-mg daily dose, and 0.32 (95% CI, 0.17 to 0.59) with the 400-mg weekly dose. The percentage of days with genital lesions was also significantly reduced, from 9.0% in the placebo group to 1.2% in both the group receiving 75 mg of pritelivir daily (relative risk, 0.13; 95% CI, 0.02 to 0.70) and the group receiving 400 mg weekly (relative risk, 0.13; 95% CI, 0.03 to 0.52). The rate of adverse events was similar in all groups. CONCLUSIONS Pritelivir reduced the rates of genital HSV shedding and days with lesions in a dose-dependent manner in otherwise healthy men and women with genital herpes. (Funded by AiCuris; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01047540.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wald
- From the University of Washington and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle (A.W., L.C., A.M., C.J., M.-L.H., S. Selke); AiCuris, Wuppertal, Germany (B.T., S. Stoelben, H.-P.S., H.R.-S., A.B.); Westover Heights Clinic, Portland, OR (T.W.); University of Texas, Houston (S.T.); University of Utah, Salt Lake City (J.K.); Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (K.F.); and Cetero Research, Miami (L.G.)
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Abstract
High-throughput DNA sequencing development for mutation screening and identification is essential to realize the goal of pharmacogenomics and personalized medicine, which will lead to a new era in clinical medicine and healthcare. Molecular engineering approaches to modify the building blocks of DNA by introducing functional groups for purification and detection has led to the development of high-throughput genetic analysis technologies. This review is focused on the following two DNA sequencing approaches. The first approach is based on the use of molecular affinity and mass spectrometry to perform quick and highly accurate mutation screening, heterozygote identification and insertion/deletion detection. The second approach is based on a sequencing-by-synthesis platform that has the potential for generating DNA sequencing data in a massive, parallel manner. The basic principles, fundamental challenges and methods of implementation of these exciting new technologies will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Bai
- Columbia University, Department of Chemical Engineering, NY 10027, USA.
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19
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Talukder ZI, Hulke BS, Qi L, Scheffler BE, Pegadaraju V, McPhee K, Gulya TJ. Candidate gene association mapping of Sclerotinia stalk rot resistance in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) uncovers the importance of COI1 homologs. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2014; 127:193-209. [PMID: 24193356 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-013-2210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Functional markers for Sclerotinia basal stalk rot resistance in sunflower were obtained using gene-level information from the model species Arabidopsis thaliana. Sclerotinia stalk rot, caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, is one of the most destructive diseases of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) worldwide. Markers for genes controlling resistance to S. sclerotiorum will enable efficient marker-assisted selection (MAS). We sequenced eight candidate genes homologous to Arabidopsis thaliana defense genes known to be associated with Sclerotinia disease resistance in a sunflower association mapping population evaluated for Sclerotinia stalk rot resistance. The total candidate gene sequence regions covered a concatenated length of 3,791 bp per individual. A total of 187 polymorphic sites were detected for all candidate gene sequences, 149 of which were single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 38 were insertions/deletions. Eight SNPs in the coding regions led to changes in amino acid codons. Linkage disequilibrium decay throughout the candidate gene regions declined on average to an r (2) = 0.2 for genetic intervals of 120 bp, but extended up to 350 bp with r (2) = 0.1. A general linear model with modification to account for population structure was found the best fitting model for this population and was used for association mapping. Both HaCOI1-1 and HaCOI1-2 were found to be strongly associated with Sclerotinia stalk rot resistance and explained 7.4 % of phenotypic variation in this population. These SNP markers associated with Sclerotinia stalk rot resistance can potentially be applied to the selection of favorable genotypes, which will significantly improve the efficiency of MAS during the development of stalk rot resistant cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahirul I Talukder
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, 166 Loftsgard Hall, Fargo, ND, 58108-6050, USA
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20
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Talukder ZI, Hulke BS, Qi L, Scheffler BE, Pegadaraju V, McPhee K, Gulya TJ. Candidate gene association mapping of Sclerotinia stalk rot resistance in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) uncovers the importance of COI1 homologs. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2014; 127:193-209. [PMID: 24193356 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-013-2210-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Functional markers for Sclerotinia basal stalk rot resistance in sunflower were obtained using gene-level information from the model species Arabidopsis thaliana. Sclerotinia stalk rot, caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, is one of the most destructive diseases of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) worldwide. Markers for genes controlling resistance to S. sclerotiorum will enable efficient marker-assisted selection (MAS). We sequenced eight candidate genes homologous to Arabidopsis thaliana defense genes known to be associated with Sclerotinia disease resistance in a sunflower association mapping population evaluated for Sclerotinia stalk rot resistance. The total candidate gene sequence regions covered a concatenated length of 3,791 bp per individual. A total of 187 polymorphic sites were detected for all candidate gene sequences, 149 of which were single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 38 were insertions/deletions. Eight SNPs in the coding regions led to changes in amino acid codons. Linkage disequilibrium decay throughout the candidate gene regions declined on average to an r (2) = 0.2 for genetic intervals of 120 bp, but extended up to 350 bp with r (2) = 0.1. A general linear model with modification to account for population structure was found the best fitting model for this population and was used for association mapping. Both HaCOI1-1 and HaCOI1-2 were found to be strongly associated with Sclerotinia stalk rot resistance and explained 7.4 % of phenotypic variation in this population. These SNP markers associated with Sclerotinia stalk rot resistance can potentially be applied to the selection of favorable genotypes, which will significantly improve the efficiency of MAS during the development of stalk rot resistant cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahirul I Talukder
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, 166 Loftsgard Hall, Fargo, ND, 58108-6050, USA
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21
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Molecular methods. Clin Immunol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-7234-3691-1.00112-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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22
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Efficient method for the synthesis of dideoxyuridine-5′-triphosphate fluorescent derivative. Russ Chem Bull 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-012-0059-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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23
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Schrijver I, Aziz N, Farkas DH, Furtado M, Gonzalez AF, Greiner TC, Grody WW, Hambuch T, Kalman L, Kant JA, Klein RD, Leonard DGB, Lubin IM, Mao R, Nagan N, Pratt VM, Sobel ME, Voelkerding KV, Gibson JS. Opportunities and challenges associated with clinical diagnostic genome sequencing: a report of the Association for Molecular Pathology. J Mol Diagn 2012; 14:525-40. [PMID: 22918138 PMCID: PMC6504171 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2012.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Revised: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/19/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This report of the Whole Genome Analysis group of the Association for Molecular Pathology illuminates the opportunities and challenges associated with clinical diagnostic genome sequencing. With the reality of clinical application of next-generation sequencing, technical aspects of molecular testing can be accomplished at greater speed and with higher volume, while much information is obtained. Although this testing is a next logical step for molecular pathology laboratories, the potential impact on the diagnostic process and clinical correlations is extraordinary and clinical interpretation will be challenging. We review the rapidly evolving technologies; provide application examples; discuss aspects of clinical utility, ethics, and consent; and address the analytic, postanalytic, and professional implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Schrijver
- Whole Genome Analysis Working Group, Association for Molecular Pathology Clinical Practice Committee, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
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Restagno G, Gomez A, Lombardo F, Cocco E, Calvo A, Ghiglione P, Mutani R, Chiò A. The IVS1 +319 t>a of SOD1 gene is not an ALS causing mutation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/14660820410021276a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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25
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Abstract
A versatile microfluidic platform for the evolving molecular diagnostics industry is described. It incorporates low cost Rheonix CARD(®) (Chemistry and Reagent Device) technology to analyze a variety of clinical specimens. A patented lamination process incorporates all pumps, valves, microchannels and reaction compartments into an inexpensive disposable plastic device. Once an untreated clinical specimen is introduced, all assay steps, including cell lysis, nucleic acid purification, multiplex PCR, and end-point analysis, are automatically performed. Three distinct CARD assays are described which utilize either a low density microarray for multiplex detection of amplicons or an integrated primer extension assay to detect single nucleotide polymorphisms of interest. The STI (Sexually Transmitted Infections) CARD(®) is able to simultaneously detect four sexually transmitted infectious agents (N. gonorrhoeae, C.trachomatis, T. pallidum and T. vaginalis). Human C33A cervical epithelial cells were spiked with different levels of genomic DNA from the four species of interest, singly or in combination, and applied to the CARD device. Using multiplex PCR amplification of the targets followed by microarray detection, the CARD device was able to correctly detect a minimum of 10 copies of each of the four pathogens. The HPV (Human Papillomavirus) CARD(®) was able to detect and distinguish 20 different clinically relevant HPV types using cloned HPV DNA. In addition, the HPV CARD could identify HPV types in vaginal specimens previously demonstrated to contain high or low risk HPV using a currently commercially available testing method. Finally, the detection of specific single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) associated with warfarin dosing sensitivity was achieved on the Warfarin Genotyping CARD(®) by analyzing human buccal swabs. Once multiplex PCR was completed, the SNPs were detected using a primer extension assay.
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Factors affecting the detection and quantification of mitochondrial point heteroplasmy using Sanger sequencing and SNaPshot minisequencing. Int J Legal Med 2011; 125:427-36. [PMID: 21249378 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-011-0549-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2010] [Accepted: 01/04/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA analysis plays an important role in forensic science as well as in the diagnosis of mitochondrial diseases. The occurrence of two different nucleotides at the same sequence position can be caused either by heteroplasmy or by a mix of samples. The detection of superimposed positions in forensic samples and their quantification can provide additional information and might also be useful to identify a mixed sample. Therefore, the detection and visualization of heteroplasmy has to be robust and sensitive at the same time to allow for reliable interpretation of results and to avoid a loss of information. In this study, different factors influencing the analysis of mitochondrial heteroplasmy (DNA polymerases, PCR and sequencing primers, nucleotide incorporation, and sequence context) were examined. BigDye Sanger sequencing and the SNaPshot minisequencing were compared as to the accuracy of detection using artificially created mitochondrial DNA mixtures. Both sequencing strategies showed to be robust, and the parameters tested showed to have a variable impact on the display of nucleotide ratios. However, experiments revealed a high correlation between the expected and the measured nucleotide ratios in cell mixtures. Compared to the SNaPshot minisequencing, Sanger sequencing proved to be the more robust and reliable method for quantification of nucleotide ratios but showed a lower detection sensitivity of minor cytosine components.
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27
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Gießler K, Griesser H, Göhringer D, Sabirov T, Richert C. Synthesis of 3′-BODIPY-Labeled Active Esters of Nucleotides and a Chemical Primer Extension Assay on Beads. European J Org Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201000210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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28
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Guo J, Yu L, Turro NJ, Ju J. An integrated system for DNA sequencing by synthesis using novel nucleotide analogues. Acc Chem Res 2010; 43:551-63. [PMID: 20121268 DOI: 10.1021/ar900255c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The Human Genome Project has concluded, but its successful completion has increased, rather than decreased, the need for high-throughput DNA sequencing technologies. The possibility of clinically screening a full genome for an individual's mutations offers tremendous benefits, both for pursuing personalized medicine and for uncovering the genomic contributions to diseases. The Sanger sequencing method, although enormously productive for more than 30 years, requires an electrophoretic separation step that, unfortunately, remains a key technical obstacle for achieving economically acceptable full-genome results. Alternative sequencing approaches thus focus on innovations that can reduce costs. The DNA sequencing by synthesis (SBS) approach has shown great promise as a new sequencing platform, with particular progress reported recently. The general fluorescent SBS approach involves (i) incorporation of nucleotide analogs bearing fluorescent reporters, (ii) identification of the incorporated nucleotide by its fluorescent emissions, and (iii) cleavage of the fluorophore, along with the reinitiation of the polymerase reaction for continuing sequence determination. In this Account, we review the construction of a DNA-immobilized chip and the development of novel nucleotide reporters for the SBS sequencing platform. Click chemistry, with its high selectivity and coupling efficiency, was explored for surface immobilization of DNA. The first generation (G-1) modified nucleotides for SBS feature a small chemical moiety capping the 3'-OH and a fluorophore tethered to the base through a chemically cleavable linker; the design ensures that the nucleotide reporters are good substrates for the polymerase. The 3'-capping moiety and the fluorophore on the DNA extension products, generated by the incorporation of the G-1 modified nucleotides, are cleaved simultaneously to reinitiate the polymerase reaction. The sequence of a DNA template immobilized on a surface via click chemistry is unambiguously identified with this chip-SBS system. The second generation (G-2) SBS system was developed based on the concept that the closer the structures of the added nucleotide and the primer are to their natural counterparts, the more faithfully the polymerase would incorporate the nucleotide. In this approach, the polymerase reaction is performed with the combination of 3'-capped nucleotide reversible terminators (NRTs) and cleavable fluorescent dideoxynucleotides (ddNTPs). By sacrifice of a small amount of the primers permanently terminated by ddNTPs, the majority of the primers extended by the reversible terminators are reverted to the natural ones after each sequencing cycle. We have also developed the 3'-capped nucleotide reversible terminators to solve the problem of deciphering the homopolymeric regions of the template in conventional pyrosequencing. The 3'-capping moiety on the DNA extension product temporarily terminates the polymerase reaction, which allows only one nucleotide to be incorporated during each sequencing cycle. Thus, the number of nucleotides in the homopolymeric regions are unambiguously determined using the 3'-capped NRTs. It has been established that millions of DNA templates can be immobilized on a chip surface through a variety of approaches. Therefore, the integration of these high-density DNA chips with the molecular-level SBS approaches described in this Account is expected to generate a high-throughput and accurate DNA sequencing system with wide applications in biological research and health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Guo
- Columbia Genome Center, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Lin Yu
- Columbia Genome Center, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032
- Department of Chemical Engineering
| | | | - Jingyue Ju
- Columbia Genome Center, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032
- Department of Chemical Engineering
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29
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SANGKITPORN SK, EKSIRI L, SANGNOI A, DUANGRUANG S, DUMBUA A, RATTANAKITTISOPHON K, SANGKITPORN S. Identification of β-globin gene mutations in Thailand using an automated fluorescence-based DNA sequencer. Int J Lab Hematol 2009; 31:521-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-553x.2008.01072.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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30
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Gao L, Lu Z. The removal of fluorescence in sequencing-by-synthesis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 387:421-4. [PMID: 19616513 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.07.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2009] [Accepted: 07/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent oligonucleotides provide useful way to study DNA during the sequencing-by-synthesis process. They allow researchers to determine the sequence of a short DNA strand. Fluorescence created by these chemicals must be removed after a few based pairs are read in order to continue reading the DNA sequence. Researchers have developed a variety of methods to solve this problem. This paper reviews the development of fluorescence removal in DNA sequencing and summarizes several methods of removing the fluorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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31
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Kvach MV, Stepanova IA, Prokhorenko IA, Stupak AP, Bolibrukh DA, Korshun VA, Shmanai VV. Practical Synthesis of Isomerically Pure 5- and 6-Carboxytetramethylrhodamines, Useful Dyes for DNA Probes. Bioconjug Chem 2009; 20:1673-82. [DOI: 10.1021/bc900037b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maksim V. Kvach
- Institute of Physical Organic Chemistry, Surganova 13, 220072 Minsk, Belarus, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia, Institute of Physics, Nezavisimosti av. 70, 220072 Minsk, Belarus, and Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Kuprevicha 5/2, 220141, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Irina A. Stepanova
- Institute of Physical Organic Chemistry, Surganova 13, 220072 Minsk, Belarus, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia, Institute of Physics, Nezavisimosti av. 70, 220072 Minsk, Belarus, and Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Kuprevicha 5/2, 220141, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Igor A. Prokhorenko
- Institute of Physical Organic Chemistry, Surganova 13, 220072 Minsk, Belarus, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia, Institute of Physics, Nezavisimosti av. 70, 220072 Minsk, Belarus, and Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Kuprevicha 5/2, 220141, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Aleksander P. Stupak
- Institute of Physical Organic Chemistry, Surganova 13, 220072 Minsk, Belarus, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia, Institute of Physics, Nezavisimosti av. 70, 220072 Minsk, Belarus, and Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Kuprevicha 5/2, 220141, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Dmitry A. Bolibrukh
- Institute of Physical Organic Chemistry, Surganova 13, 220072 Minsk, Belarus, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia, Institute of Physics, Nezavisimosti av. 70, 220072 Minsk, Belarus, and Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Kuprevicha 5/2, 220141, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Vladimir A. Korshun
- Institute of Physical Organic Chemistry, Surganova 13, 220072 Minsk, Belarus, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia, Institute of Physics, Nezavisimosti av. 70, 220072 Minsk, Belarus, and Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Kuprevicha 5/2, 220141, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Vadim V. Shmanai
- Institute of Physical Organic Chemistry, Surganova 13, 220072 Minsk, Belarus, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia, Institute of Physics, Nezavisimosti av. 70, 220072 Minsk, Belarus, and Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Kuprevicha 5/2, 220141, Minsk, Belarus
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Rojas R, Miranda CD, Amaro AM. Pathogenicity of a highly exopolysaccharide-producing Halomonas strain causing epizootics in larval cultures of the Chilean scallop Argopecten purpuratus (Lamarck, 1819). MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2009; 57:129-139. [PMID: 18548185 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-008-9401-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2007] [Revised: 04/26/2008] [Accepted: 05/08/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Mass mortalities of larval cultures of Chilean scallop Argopecten purpuratus have repeatedly occurred in northern Chile, characterized by larval agglutination and accumulation in the bottom of rearing tanks. The exopolysaccharide slime (EPS) producing CAM2 strain was isolated as the primary organism from moribund larvae in a pathogenic outbreak occurring in a commercial hatchery producing larvae of the Chilean scallop Argopecten purpuratus located in Bahía Inglesa, Chile. The CAM2 strain was characterized biochemically and was identified by polymerase chain reaction amplification of 16S rRNA as Halomonas sp. (Accession number DQ885389.1). Healthy 7-day-old scallop larvae cultures were experimentally infected for a 48-h period with an overnight culture of the CAM2 strain at a final concentration of ca. 10(5) cells per milliliter, and the mortality and vital condition of larvae were determined by optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to describe the chronology of the disease. Pathogenic action of the CAM2 strain was clearly evidenced by SEM analysis, showing a high ability to adhere and detach larvae velum cells by using its "slimy" EPS, producing agglutination, loss of motility, and a posterior sinking of scallop larvae. After 48 h, a dense bacterial slime on the shell surface was observed, producing high percentages of larval agglutination (63.28 +/- 7.87%) and mortality (45.03 +/- 4.32%) that were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than those of the unchallenged control cultures, which exhibited only 3.20 +/- 1.40% dead larvae and no larval agglutination. Furthermore, the CAM2 strain exhibited a high ability to adhere to fiberglass pieces of tanks used for scallop larvae rearing (1.64 x 10(5) cells adhered per square millimeters at 24 h postinoculation), making it very difficult to eradicate it from the culture systems. This is the first report of a pathogenic activity on scallop larvae of Halomonas species, and it prompts the necessity of an appraisal on biofilm-producing bacteria in Chilean scallop hatcheries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Rojas
- Laboratorio de Patobiología Acuática, Departamento de Acuicultura, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
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Erfurth F, Tretyakov A, Nyuyki B, Mrotzek G, Schmidt WD, Fassler D, Saluz HP. Two-Laser, Large-Field Hyperspectral Microarray Scanner for the Analysis of Multicolor Microarrays. Anal Chem 2008; 80:7706-13. [DOI: 10.1021/ac801014m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Erfurth
- Department of Photonics and Sensors, Innovative Bio-, Medical- and Environmental Technologies (GMBU e.V.), Felsbachstrasse 7 D-07745 Jena, Germany, and Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology e.V., Hans-Knöll-Institute (HKI), Beutenbergstrasse 11a, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Alexander Tretyakov
- Department of Photonics and Sensors, Innovative Bio-, Medical- and Environmental Technologies (GMBU e.V.), Felsbachstrasse 7 D-07745 Jena, Germany, and Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology e.V., Hans-Knöll-Institute (HKI), Beutenbergstrasse 11a, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Berla Nyuyki
- Department of Photonics and Sensors, Innovative Bio-, Medical- and Environmental Technologies (GMBU e.V.), Felsbachstrasse 7 D-07745 Jena, Germany, and Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology e.V., Hans-Knöll-Institute (HKI), Beutenbergstrasse 11a, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Grit Mrotzek
- Department of Photonics and Sensors, Innovative Bio-, Medical- and Environmental Technologies (GMBU e.V.), Felsbachstrasse 7 D-07745 Jena, Germany, and Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology e.V., Hans-Knöll-Institute (HKI), Beutenbergstrasse 11a, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Wolf-Dieter Schmidt
- Department of Photonics and Sensors, Innovative Bio-, Medical- and Environmental Technologies (GMBU e.V.), Felsbachstrasse 7 D-07745 Jena, Germany, and Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology e.V., Hans-Knöll-Institute (HKI), Beutenbergstrasse 11a, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Dieter Fassler
- Department of Photonics and Sensors, Innovative Bio-, Medical- and Environmental Technologies (GMBU e.V.), Felsbachstrasse 7 D-07745 Jena, Germany, and Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology e.V., Hans-Knöll-Institute (HKI), Beutenbergstrasse 11a, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Hans Peter Saluz
- Department of Photonics and Sensors, Innovative Bio-, Medical- and Environmental Technologies (GMBU e.V.), Felsbachstrasse 7 D-07745 Jena, Germany, and Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology e.V., Hans-Knöll-Institute (HKI), Beutenbergstrasse 11a, D-07745 Jena, Germany
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Four-color DNA sequencing with 3'-O-modified nucleotide reversible terminators and chemically cleavable fluorescent dideoxynucleotides. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008; 105:9145-50. [PMID: 18591653 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0804023105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA sequencing by synthesis (SBS) on a solid surface during polymerase reaction can decipher many sequences in parallel. We report here a DNA sequencing method that is a hybrid between the Sanger dideoxynucleotide terminating reaction and SBS. In this approach, four nucleotides, modified as reversible terminators by capping the 3'-OH with a small reversible moiety so that they are still recognized by DNA polymerase as substrates, are combined with four cleavable fluorescent dideoxynucleotides to perform SBS. The ratio of the two sets of nucleotides is adjusted as the extension cycles proceed. Sequences are determined by the unique fluorescence emission of each fluorophore on the DNA products terminated by ddNTPs. On removing the 3'-OH capping group from the DNA products generated by incorporating the 3'-O-modified dNTPs and the fluorophore from the DNA products terminated with the ddNTPs, the polymerase reaction reinitiates to continue the sequence determination. By using an azidomethyl group as a chemically reversible capping moiety in the 3'-O-modified dNTPs, and an azido-based cleavable linker to attach the fluorophores to the ddNTPs, we synthesized four 3'-O-azidomethyl-dNTPs and four ddNTP-azidolinker-fluorophores for the hybrid SBS. After sequence determination by fluorescence imaging, the 3'-O-azidomethyl group and the fluorophore attached to the DNA extension product via the azidolinker are efficiently removed by using Tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine in aqueous solution that is compatible with DNA. Various DNA templates, including those with homopolymer regions, were accurately sequenced with a read length of >30 bases by using this hybrid SBS method on a chip and a four-color fluorescence scanner.
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Dual inhibition of the epidermal growth factor receptor with cetuximab, an IgG1 monoclonal antibody, and gefitinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in patients with refractory non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): a phase I study. J Thorac Oncol 2008; 3:258-64. [PMID: 18317068 DOI: 10.1097/jto.0b013e3181653d1b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the optimal doses of the antiepidermal growth factor receptor (anti-EGFR) monoclonal antibody cetuximab and the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor gefitinib when administered as a combination for patients with advanced/metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) previously treated with platinum-based chemotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with advanced/metastatic NSCLC treated with prior platinum-based chemotherapy received escalating doses of weekly cetuximab (100, 200, and 250 mg/m(2), IV) and fixed doses of gefitinib (250 mg/d, PO) until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Available tumor samples were analyzed for EGFR expression, EGFR gene copy number and mutations, and K-RAS mutations. RESULTS Thirteen patients were enrolled in three cohorts. Treatment was generally well-tolerated at all doses. One grade 3 headache, observed on the first treatment cycle was initially considered dose-limiting toxicity (DLT); this event was eventually determined to be caused by a brain metastasis, not toxicity. Three cases of grade 3/4 hypomagnesemia and 1 case of grade 3 skin rash occurred in the highest-dose cohort. Grade 1/2 infusion reactions occurred in three patients without requiring treatment discontinuation. Four patients (31%) achieved stable disease, no responses were observed. None of the patients had EGFR mutations or gene amplification in their tumor samples. CONCLUSION Dual EGFR inhibition with cetuximab and gefitinib is feasible; the combination can be safely administered and may have modest activity in advanced/metastatic NSCLC. Cetuximab 250 mg/m(2) weekly IV and gefitinib 250 mg/d PO is the recommended phase II dose, although the potential for late-onset hypomagnesemia warrants close monitoring of patients receiving this combined dosage.
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Hocek M, Fojta M. Cross-coupling reactions of nucleoside triphosphates followed by polymerase incorporation. Construction and applications of base-functionalized nucleic acids. Org Biomol Chem 2008; 6:2233-41. [PMID: 18563253 DOI: 10.1039/b803664k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Construction of functionalized nucleic acids (DNA or RNA) via polymerase incorporation of modified nucleoside triphosphates is reviewed and selected applications of the modified nucleic acids are highlighted. The classical multistep approach for the synthesis of modified NTPs by triphosphorylation of modified nucleosides is compared to the novel approach consisting of direct aqueous cross-coupling reactions of unprotected halogenated nucleoside triphosphates. The combination of cross-coupling of NTPs with polymerase incorporation gives an efficient and straightforward two-step synthesis of modified nucleic acids. Primer extension using biotinylated templates followed by separation using streptavidine-coated magnetic beads and DNA duplex denaturation is used for preparation of modified single stranded oligonucleotides. Examples of using this approach for electrochemical DNA labelling and bioanalytical applications are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Hocek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Gilead & IOCB Research Center, Flemingovo nam. 2, CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
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Greiner S, Wang X, Rauwolf U, Silber MV, Mayer K, Meurer J, Haberer G, Herrmann RG. The complete nucleotide sequences of the five genetically distinct plastid genomes of Oenothera, subsection Oenothera: I. sequence evaluation and plastome evolution. Nucleic Acids Res 2008; 36:2366-78. [PMID: 18299283 PMCID: PMC2367718 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkn081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2007] [Revised: 02/01/2008] [Accepted: 02/08/2008] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The flowering plant genus Oenothera is uniquely suited for studying molecular mechanisms of speciation. It assembles an intriguing combination of genetic features, including permanent translocation heterozygosity, biparental transmission of plastids, and a general interfertility of well-defined species. This allows an exchange of plastids and nuclei between species often resulting in plastome-genome incompatibility. For evaluation of its molecular determinants we present the complete nucleotide sequences of the five basic, genetically distinguishable plastid chromosomes of subsection Oenothera (=Euoenothera) of the genus, which are associated in distinct combinations with six basic genomes. Sizes of the chromosomes range from 163 365 bp (plastome IV) to 165 728 bp (plastome I), display between 96.3% and 98.6% sequence similarity and encode a total of 113 unique genes. Plastome diversification is caused by an abundance of nucleotide substitutions, small insertions, deletions and repetitions. The five plastomes deviate from the general ancestral design of plastid chromosomes of vascular plants by a subsection-specific 56 kb inversion within the large single-copy segment. This inversion disrupted operon structures and predates the divergence of the subsection presumably 1 My ago. Phylogenetic relationships suggest plastomes I-III in one clade, while plastome IV appears to be closest to the common ancestor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Greiner
- Department Biologie I, Bereich Botanik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Menzinger Strasse 67, 80 638 Munich and MIPS/IBI Institute for Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85 764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Xi Wang
- Department Biologie I, Bereich Botanik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Menzinger Strasse 67, 80 638 Munich and MIPS/IBI Institute for Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85 764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Uwe Rauwolf
- Department Biologie I, Bereich Botanik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Menzinger Strasse 67, 80 638 Munich and MIPS/IBI Institute for Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85 764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martina V. Silber
- Department Biologie I, Bereich Botanik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Menzinger Strasse 67, 80 638 Munich and MIPS/IBI Institute for Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85 764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Klaus Mayer
- Department Biologie I, Bereich Botanik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Menzinger Strasse 67, 80 638 Munich and MIPS/IBI Institute for Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85 764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jörg Meurer
- Department Biologie I, Bereich Botanik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Menzinger Strasse 67, 80 638 Munich and MIPS/IBI Institute for Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85 764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Georg Haberer
- Department Biologie I, Bereich Botanik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Menzinger Strasse 67, 80 638 Munich and MIPS/IBI Institute for Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85 764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Reinhold G. Herrmann
- Department Biologie I, Bereich Botanik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Menzinger Strasse 67, 80 638 Munich and MIPS/IBI Institute for Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85 764 Neuherberg, Germany
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Takkellapati SR, Chen CY, Neschadimenko V, Nampalli S, Xiao H, Wegener J, Dhulipala P, Kumar S, Fuller C. Synthesis of aminomethyl- and bis-aminomethyl-fluorescein energy transfer terminators. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2008; 26:1467-70. [PMID: 18066808 DOI: 10.1080/15257770701542579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of aminomethyl and bis-aminomethylfluorescein derived energy transfer terminators is described.
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Belmont JW. Molecular methods. Clin Immunol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-04404-2.10101-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel Klepárník
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Veveří 97, CZ-602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Boček
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Veveří 97, CZ-602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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Wu W, Stupi BP, Litosh VA, Mansouri D, Farley D, Morris S, Metzker S, Metzker ML. Termination of DNA synthesis by N6-alkylated, not 3'-O-alkylated, photocleavable 2'-deoxyadenosine triphosphates. Nucleic Acids Res 2007; 35:6339-49. [PMID: 17881370 PMCID: PMC2095803 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkm689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Human Genome Project has facilitated the sequencing of many species, yet the current Sanger method is too expensive, labor intensive and time consuming to accomplish medical resequencing of human genomes en masse. Of the ‘next-generation’ technologies, cyclic reversible termination (CRT) is a promising method with the goal of producing accurate sequence information at a fraction of the cost and effort. The foundation of this approach is the reversible terminator (RT), its chemical and biological properties of which directly impact the performance of the sequencing technology. Here, we have discovered a novel paradigm in RT chemistry, the attachment of a photocleavable, 2-nitrobenzyl group to the N6-position of 2′-deoxyadenosine triphosphate (dATP), which, upon incorporation, terminates DNA synthesis. The 3′-OH group of the N6-(2-nitrobenzyl)-dATP remains unblocked, providing favorable incorporation and termination properties for several commercially available DNA polymerases while maintaining good discrimination against mismatch incorporations. Upon removal of the 2-nitrobenzyl group with UV light, the natural nucleotide is restored without molecular scarring. A five-base experiment, illustrating the exquisite, stepwise addition through a homopolymer repeat, demonstrates the applicability of the N6-(2-nitrobenzyl)-dATP as an ideal RT for CRT sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Wu
- LaserGen, Inc., Houston, TX 77054, Department of Molecular & Human Genetics and Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Brian P. Stupi
- LaserGen, Inc., Houston, TX 77054, Department of Molecular & Human Genetics and Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Vladislav A. Litosh
- LaserGen, Inc., Houston, TX 77054, Department of Molecular & Human Genetics and Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Dena Mansouri
- LaserGen, Inc., Houston, TX 77054, Department of Molecular & Human Genetics and Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Demetra Farley
- LaserGen, Inc., Houston, TX 77054, Department of Molecular & Human Genetics and Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sidney Morris
- LaserGen, Inc., Houston, TX 77054, Department of Molecular & Human Genetics and Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sherry Metzker
- LaserGen, Inc., Houston, TX 77054, Department of Molecular & Human Genetics and Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Michael L. Metzker
- LaserGen, Inc., Houston, TX 77054, Department of Molecular & Human Genetics and Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- *To whom correspondence should be addressed. +1 713 798 7565+1 713 798 5741
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Griesang N, Giessler K, Lommel T, Richert C. Four-color, enzyme-free interrogation of DNA sequences with chemically activated, 3'-fluorophore-labeled nucleotides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 45:6144-8. [PMID: 16927357 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200600804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Niels Griesang
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Karlsruhe TH, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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Herynk MH, Parra I, Cui Y, Beyer A, Wu MF, Hilsenbeck SG, Fuqua SA. Association between the estrogen receptor alpha A908G mutation and outcomes in invasive breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2007; 13:3235-43. [PMID: 17545528 PMCID: PMC4484622 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-06-2608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) predicts the natural history of breast cancer without intervening therapy. Here, we have optimized the detection of a somatic mutation, an A908G transition of ERalpha, and examined its association with clinical and biological features of invasive breast cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We compared two methods of sequencing to detect the A908G ERalpha mutation. We then used primer extension sequencing with genomic DNA isolated from invasive breast tumors to determine whether the mutation was associated with clinical outcome in 267 axillary node-negative and axillary node-positive breast tumors. The presence of the mutation and clinical variables were analyzed for association with recurrence-free survival and overall survival by Cox proportional hazards regression models. RESULTS We determined that dye-labeled terminator sequencing was not adequate for detection of the A908G ERalpha mutation. The mutation was detected at a high frequency (50%) in invasive breast tumors using primer extension sequencing, and was found to be associated with clinical measures of poor outcome, including larger tumor size and axillary lymph node positivity. Although the mutation was associated with recurrence-free survival in univariate analysis, it was not an independent predictor of outcomes in multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS Consistent with our previous finding of this somatic ERalpha mutation in breast ductal hyperplasias, we now present evidence that the A908G mutation is present in invasive breast tumors using an optimized sequencing method. We find that the mutation is significantly associated with aggressive biological tumor features, and with an unfavorable prognosis, but was not an independent prognostic marker in untreated patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew H. Herynk
- Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Irma Parra
- Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Yukun Cui
- Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Amanda Beyer
- Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Meng-Fen Wu
- Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Susan G. Hilsenbeck
- Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Suzanne A.W. Fuqua
- Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030
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Parschat K, Overhage J, Strittmatter AW, Henne A, Gottschalk G, Fetzner S. Complete nucleotide sequence of the 113-kilobase linear catabolic plasmid pAL1 of Arthrobacter nitroguajacolicus Rü61a and transcriptional analysis of genes involved in quinaldine degradation. J Bacteriol 2007; 189:3855-67. [PMID: 17337569 PMCID: PMC1913324 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00089-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2007] [Accepted: 02/27/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The nucleotide sequence of the linear catabolic plasmid pAL1 from the 2-methylquinoline (quinaldine)-degrading strain Arthrobacter nitroguajacolicus Rü61a comprises 112,992 bp. A total of 103 open reading frames (ORFs) were identified on pAL1, 49 of which had no annotatable function. The ORFs were assigned to the following functional groups: (i) catabolism of quinaldine and anthranilate, (ii) conjugation, and (iii) plasmid maintenance and DNA replication and repair. The genes for conversion of quinaldine to anthranilate are organized in two operons that include ORFs presumed to code for proteins involved in assembly of the quinaldine-4-oxidase holoenzyme, namely, a MobA-like putative molybdopterin cytosine dinucleotide synthase and an XdhC-like protein that could be required for insertion of the molybdenum cofactor. Genes possibly coding for enzymes involved in anthranilate degradation via 2-aminobenzoyl coenzyme A form another operon. These operons were expressed when cells were grown on quinaldine or on aromatic compounds downstream in the catabolic pathway. Single-stranded 3' overhangs of putative replication intermediates of pAL1 were predicted to form elaborate secondary structures due to palindromic and superpalindromic terminal sequences; however, the two telomeres appear to form different structures. Sequence analysis of ORFs 101 to 103 suggested that pAL1 codes for one or two putative terminal proteins, presumed to be covalently bound to the 5' termini, and a multidomain telomere-associated protein (Tap) comprising 1,707 amino acids. Even if the putative proteins encoded by ORFs 101 to 103 share motifs with the Tap and terminal proteins involved in telomere patching of Streptomyces linear replicons, their overall sequences and domain structures differ significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Parschat
- Institut für Molekulare Mikrobiologie und Biotechnologie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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Jockusch S, Li Z, Ju J, Turro NJ. Two-photon Excitation Induced Fluorescence of a Trifluorophore-labeled DNA¶. Photochem Photobiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2005.tb00180.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Naphthalenyl- and anthracenyl-ethynyl dT analogues as base discriminating fluorescent nucleosides and intramolecular energy transfer donors in oligonucleotide probes. Tetrahedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2006.10.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Sardanelli F, Podo F, D'Agnolo G, Verdecchia A, Santaquilani M, Musumeci R, Trecate G, Manoukian S, Morassut S, de Giacomi C, Federico M, Cortesi L, Corcione S, Cirillo S, Marra V, Cilotti A, Di Maggio C, Fausto A, Preda L, Zuiani C, Contegiacomo A, Orlacchio A, Calabrese M, Bonomo L, Di Cesare E, Tonutti M, Panizza P, Del Maschio A. Multicenter comparative multimodality surveillance of women at genetic-familial high risk for breast cancer (HIBCRIT study): interim results. Radiology 2007; 242:698-715. [PMID: 17244718 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2423051965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To prospectively compare clinical breast examination (CBE), mammography, ultrasonography (US), and contrast material-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) imaging for screening women at genetic-familial high risk for breast cancer and report interim results, with pathologic findings as standard. MATERIALS AND METHODS Institutional review board of each center approved the research; informed written consent was obtained. CBE, mammography, US, and MR imaging were performed for yearly screening of BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers, first-degree relatives of BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers, or women enrolled because of a strong family history of breast or ovarian cancer (three or more events in first- or second-degree relatives in either maternal or paternal line; these included breast cancer in women younger than 60 years, ovarian cancer at any age, and male breast cancer at any age). RESULTS Two hundred seventy-eight women (mean age, 46 years +/- 12 [standard deviation]) were enrolled. Breast cancer was found in 11 of 278 women at first round and seven of 99 at second round (14 invasive, four intraductal; eight were <or=10 mm in diameter). Detection rate per year was 4.8% (18 of 377) overall; 4.3% (11 of 258) in BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers and first-degree relatives of BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers versus 5.9% (seven of 119) in women enrolled because of strong family history; and 5.3% (nine of 169) in women with previous personal breast and/or ovarian cancer versus 4.3% (nine of 208) in those without. In six (33%) of 18 patients, cancer was detected only with MR imaging. Sensitivity was as follows: CBE, 50% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 29%, 71%); mammography, 59% (95% CI: 36%, 78%); US, 65% (95% CI: 41%, 83%); and MR imaging, 94% (95% CI: 82%, 99%). Positive predictive value was as follows: CBE, 82% (95% CI: 52%, 95%); mammography, 77% (95% CI: 50%, 92%); US, 65% (95% CI: 41%, 83%); and MR imaging, 63% (95% CI: 43%, 79%). CONCLUSION Addition of MR imaging to the screening regimen for high-risk women may enable detection of otherwise unsuspected breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Sardanelli
- University of Milan School of Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Unit of Radiology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Via Morandi 30, 20097 San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy.
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Kumar S, Fuller CW. Chapter 4 Advances in Dye-Nucleotide Conjugate Chemistry for DNA Sequencing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s1871-0069(06)02004-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
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50
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Ju J, Kim DH, Bi L, Meng Q, Bai X, Li Z, Li X, Marma MS, Shi S, Wu J, Edwards JR, Romu A, Turro NJ. Four-color DNA sequencing by synthesis using cleavable fluorescent nucleotide reversible terminators. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:19635-40. [PMID: 17170132 PMCID: PMC1702316 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0609513103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA sequencing by synthesis (SBS) on a solid surface during polymerase reaction offers a paradigm to decipher DNA sequences. We report here the construction of such a DNA sequencing system using molecular engineering approaches. In this approach, four nucleotides (A, C, G, T) are modified as reversible terminators by attaching a cleavable fluorophore to the base and capping the 3'-OH group with a small chemically reversible moiety so that they are still recognized by DNA polymerase as substrates. We found that an allyl moiety can be used successfully as a linker to tether a fluorophore to 3'-O-allyl-modified nucleotides, forming chemically cleavable fluorescent nucleotide reversible terminators, 3'-O-allyl-dNTPs-allyl-fluorophore, for application in SBS. The fluorophore and the 3'-O-allyl group on a DNA extension product, which is generated by incorporating 3'-O-allyl-dNTPs-allyl-fluorophore in a polymerase reaction, are removed simultaneously in 30 s by Pd-catalyzed deallylation in aqueous buffer solution. This one-step dual-deallylation reaction thus allows the reinitiation of the polymerase reaction and increases the SBS efficiency. DNA templates consisting of homopolymer regions were accurately sequenced by using this class of fluorescent nucleotide analogues on a DNA chip and a four-color fluorescent scanner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyue Ju
- *Columbia Genome Center, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032; and
- Departments of Chemical Engineering
- To whom correspondence may be addressed at:
Room 405A, Russ Berrie Medical Science Pavilion, Columbia Genome Center, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032. E-mail:
or
| | - Dae Hyun Kim
- *Columbia Genome Center, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032; and
- Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
| | - Lanrong Bi
- *Columbia Genome Center, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032; and
- Departments of Chemical Engineering
| | - Qinglin Meng
- *Columbia Genome Center, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032; and
- Departments of Chemical Engineering
- Chemistry, and
| | - Xiaopeng Bai
- *Columbia Genome Center, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032; and
- Departments of Chemical Engineering
- Chemistry, and
| | - Zengmin Li
- *Columbia Genome Center, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032; and
- Departments of Chemical Engineering
| | - Xiaoxu Li
- *Columbia Genome Center, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032; and
- Departments of Chemical Engineering
| | - Mong Sano Marma
- *Columbia Genome Center, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032; and
- Departments of Chemical Engineering
| | - Shundi Shi
- *Columbia Genome Center, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032; and
| | - Jian Wu
- *Columbia Genome Center, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032; and
- Departments of Chemical Engineering
- Chemistry, and
| | - John R. Edwards
- *Columbia Genome Center, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032; and
- Departments of Chemical Engineering
| | - Aireen Romu
- *Columbia Genome Center, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032; and
| | - Nicholas J. Turro
- Departments of Chemical Engineering
- Chemistry, and
- To whom correspondence may be addressed at:
Room 405A, Russ Berrie Medical Science Pavilion, Columbia Genome Center, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032. E-mail:
or
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