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Moran JC, Brivanlou A, Brischigliaro M, Fontanesi F, Rouskin S, Barrientos A. The human mitochondrial mRNA structurome reveals mechanisms of gene expression. Science 2024; 385:eadm9238. [PMID: 39024447 DOI: 10.1126/science.adm9238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
The human mitochondrial genome encodes crucial oxidative phosphorylation system proteins, pivotal for aerobic energy transduction. They are translated from nine monocistronic and two bicistronic transcripts whose native structures remain unexplored, posing a gap in understanding mitochondrial gene expression. In this work, we devised the mitochondrial dimethyl sulfate mutational profiling with sequencing (mitoDMS-MaPseq) method and applied detection of RNA folding ensembles using expectation-maximization (DREEM) clustering to unravel the native mitochondrial messenger RNA (mt-mRNA) structurome in wild-type (WT) and leucine-rich pentatricopeptide repeat-containing protein (LRPPRC)-deficient cells. Our findings elucidate LRPPRC's role as a holdase contributing to maintaining mt-mRNA folding and efficient translation. mt-mRNA structural insights in WT mitochondria, coupled with metabolic labeling, unveil potential mRNA-programmed translational pausing and a distinct programmed ribosomal frameshifting mechanism. Our data define a critical layer of mitochondrial gene expression regulation. These mt-mRNA folding maps provide a reference for studying mt-mRNA structures in diverse physiological and pathological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Conor Moran
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1600 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- University of Miami Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1600 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Amir Brivanlou
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michele Brischigliaro
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1600 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Flavia Fontanesi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1600 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Silvi Rouskin
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Antoni Barrientos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1600 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1600 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- The Miami Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical System, 1201 NW 16th Street, Miami, FL 33125, USA
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Li B, Liu S, Zheng W, Liu A, Yu P, Wu D, Zhou J, Zhang P, Liu C, Lin Q, Ye J, He S, Huang Q, Zhou H, Chen J, Qu L, Yang J. RIP-PEN-seq identifies a class of kink-turn RNAs as splicing regulators. Nat Biotechnol 2024; 42:119-131. [PMID: 37037902 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-023-01749-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
A kink-turn (K-turn) is a three-dimensional RNA structure that exists in all three primary phylogenetic domains. In this study, we developed the RIP-PEN-seq method to identify the full-length sequences of RNAs bound by the K-turn binding protein 15.5K and discovered a previously uncharacterized class of RNAs with backward K-turn motifs (bktRNAs) in humans and mice. All bktRNAs share two consensus sequence motifs at their fixed terminal position and have complex folding properties, expression and evolution patterns. We found that a highly conserved bktRNA1 guides the methyltransferase fibrillarin to install RNA methylation of U12 small nuclear RNA in humans. Depletion of bktRNA1 causes global splicing dysregulation of U12-type introns by impairing the recruitment of ZCRB1 to the minor spliceosome. Most bktRNAs regulate the splicing of local introns by interacting with the 15.5K protein. Taken together, our findings characterize a class of small RNAs and uncover another layer of gene expression regulation that involves crosstalk among bktRNAs, RNA splicing and RNA methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shurong Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wujian Zheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Anrui Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Peng Yu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Di Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chang Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiao Lin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Jiayi Ye
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Simeng He
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Qiaojuan Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianjun Chen
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA, USA
| | - Lianghu Qu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jianhua Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China.
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3
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Conor Moran J, Brivanlou A, Brischigliaro M, Fontanesi F, Rouskin S, Barrientos A. The human mitochondrial mRNA structurome reveals mechanisms of gene expression. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.31.564750. [PMID: 37961485 PMCID: PMC10635011 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.31.564750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian mitochondrial genome encodes thirteen oxidative phosphorylation system proteins, crucial in aerobic energy transduction. These proteins are translated from 9 monocistronic and 2 bicistronic transcripts, whose native structures remain unexplored, leaving fundamental molecular determinants of mitochondrial gene expression unknown. To address this gap, we developed a mitoDMS-MaPseq approach and used DREEM clustering to resolve the native human mitochondrial mt-mRNA structurome. We gained insights into mt-mRNA biology and translation regulatory mechanisms, including a unique programmed ribosomal frameshifting for the ATP8/ATP6 transcript. Furthermore, absence of the mt-mRNA maintenance factor LRPPRC led to a mitochondrial transcriptome structured differently, with specific mRNA regions exhibiting increased or decreased structuredness. This highlights the role of LRPPRC in maintaining mRNA folding to promote mt-mRNA stabilization and efficient translation. In conclusion, our mt-mRNA folding maps reveal novel mitochondrial gene expression mechanisms, serving as a detailed reference and tool for studying them in different physiological and pathological contexts.
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Phelps WA, Hurton MD, Ayers TN, Carlson AE, Rosenbaum JC, Lee MT. Hybridization led to a rewired pluripotency network in the allotetraploid Xenopus laevis. eLife 2023; 12:e83952. [PMID: 37787392 PMCID: PMC10569791 DOI: 10.7554/elife.83952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
After fertilization, maternally contributed factors to the egg initiate the transition to pluripotency to give rise to embryonic stem cells, in large part by activating de novo transcription from the embryonic genome. Diverse mechanisms coordinate this transition across animals, suggesting that pervasive regulatory remodeling has shaped the earliest stages of development. Here, we show that maternal homologs of mammalian pluripotency reprogramming factors OCT4 and SOX2 divergently activate the two subgenomes of Xenopus laevis, an allotetraploid that arose from hybridization of two diploid species ~18 million years ago. Although most genes have been retained as two homeologous copies, we find that a majority of them undergo asymmetric activation in the early embryo. Chromatin accessibility profiling and CUT&RUN for modified histones and transcription factor binding reveal extensive differences in predicted enhancer architecture between the subgenomes, which likely arose through genomic disruptions as a consequence of allotetraploidy. However, comparison with diploid X. tropicalis and zebrafish shows broad conservation of embryonic gene expression levels when divergent homeolog contributions are combined, implying strong selection to maintain dosage in the core vertebrate pluripotency transcriptional program, amid genomic instability following hybridization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley A Phelps
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of PittsburghPittsburghUnited States
| | - Matthew D Hurton
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of PittsburghPittsburghUnited States
| | - Taylor N Ayers
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of PittsburghPittsburghUnited States
| | - Anne E Carlson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of PittsburghPittsburghUnited States
| | - Joel C Rosenbaum
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of PittsburghPittsburghUnited States
| | - Miler T Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of PittsburghPittsburghUnited States
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Ayers TN, Nicotra ML, Lee MT. Parallels and contrasts between the cnidarian and bilaterian maternal-to-zygotic transition are revealed in Hydractinia embryos. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010845. [PMID: 37440598 PMCID: PMC10368294 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Embryogenesis requires coordinated gene regulatory activities early on that establish the trajectory of subsequent development, during a period called the maternal-to-zygotic transition (MZT). The MZT comprises transcriptional activation of the embryonic genome and post-transcriptional regulation of egg-inherited maternal mRNA. Investigation into the MZT in animals has focused almost exclusively on bilaterians, which include all classical models such as flies, worms, sea urchin, and vertebrates, thus limiting our capacity to understand the gene regulatory paradigms uniting the MZT across all animals. Here, we elucidate the MZT of a non-bilaterian, the cnidarian Hydractinia symbiolongicarpus. Using parallel poly(A)-selected and non poly(A)-dependent RNA-seq approaches, we find that the Hydractinia MZT is composed of regulatory activities similar to many bilaterians, including cytoplasmic readenylation of maternally contributed mRNA, delayed genome activation, and separate phases of maternal mRNA deadenylation and degradation that likely depend on both maternally and zygotically encoded clearance factors, including microRNAs. But we also observe massive upregulation of histone genes and an expanded repertoire of predicted H4K20 methyltransferases, aspects thus far particular to the Hydractinia MZT and potentially underlying a novel mode of early embryonic chromatin regulation. Thus, similar regulatory strategies with taxon-specific elaboration underlie the MZT in both bilaterian and non-bilaterian embryos, providing insight into how an essential developmental transition may have arisen in ancestral animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor N. Ayers
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Matthew L. Nicotra
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Miler T. Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh Pennsylvania, United States of America
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Wang KT, Adler CE. CRISPR/Cas9-based depletion of 16S ribosomal RNA improves library complexity of single-cell RNA-sequencing. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.25.542286. [PMID: 37292639 PMCID: PMC10246003 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.25.542286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Background Single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) relies on PCR amplification to retrieve information from vanishingly small amounts of starting material. To selectively enrich mRNA from abundant non-polyadenylated transcripts, poly(A) selection is a key step during library preparation. However, some transcripts, such as mitochondrial genes, can escape this elimination and overwhelm libraries. Often, these transcripts are removed in silico, but whether physical depletion improves detection of rare transcripts in single cells is unclear. Results We find that a single 16S ribosomal RNA is widely enriched in planarian scRNA-seq datasets, independent of the library preparation method. To deplete this transcript from scRNA-seq libraries, we design 30 single-guide RNAs spanning its length. To evaluate the effects of depletion, we perform a side-by-side comparison of the effects of eliminating the 16S transcript and find a substantial increase in the number of genes detected per cell, coupled with virtually complete loss of the 16S RNA. Moreover, we systematically determine that library complexity increases with a limited number of PCR cycles following CRISPR treatment. When compared to in silico depletion of 16S, physically removing it reduces dropout rates, retrieves more clusters, and reveals more differentially-expressed genes. Conclusions Our results show that abundant transcripts reduce the retrieval of informative transcripts in scRNA-seq and distort the analysis. Physical removal of these contaminants enables the detection of rare transcripts at lower sequencing depth, and also outperforms in silico depletion. Importantly, this method can be easily customized to deplete any abundant transcript from scRNA-seq libraries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuang-Tse Wang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Carolyn E. Adler
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY, USA
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Ayers TN, Nicotra ML, Lee MT. Parallels and contrasts between the cnidarian and bilaterian maternal-to-zygotic transition are revealed in Hydractinia embryos. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.09.540083. [PMID: 37214839 PMCID: PMC10197650 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.09.540083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Embryogenesis requires coordinated gene regulatory activities early on that establish the trajectory of subsequent development, during a period called the maternal-to-zygotic transition (MZT). The MZT comprises transcriptional activation of the embryonic genome and post-transcriptional regulation of egg-inherited maternal mRNA. Investigation into the MZT in animals has focused almost exclusively on bilaterians, which include all classical models such as flies, worms, sea urchin, and vertebrates, thus limiting our capacity to understand the gene regulatory paradigms uniting the MZT across all animals. Here, we elucidate the MZT of a non-bilaterian, the cnidarian Hydractinia symbiolongicarpus . Using parallel poly(A)-selected and non poly(A)-dependent RNA-seq approaches, we find that the Hydractinia MZT is composed of regulatory activities analogous to many bilaterians, including cytoplasmic readenylation of maternally contributed mRNA, delayed genome activation, and separate phases of maternal mRNA deadenylation and degradation that likely depend on both maternally and zygotically encoded clearance factors, including microRNAs. But we also observe massive upregulation of histone genes and an expanded repertoire of predicted H4K20 methyltransferases, aspects thus far unique to the Hydractinia MZT and potentially underlying a novel mode of early embryonic chromatin regulation. Thus, similar regulatory strategies with taxon-specific elaboration underlie the MZT in both bilaterian and non-bilaterian embryos, providing insight into how an essential developmental transition may have arisen in ancestral animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor N. Ayers
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA 15213 U.S.A
| | - Matthew L. Nicotra
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 U.S.A
| | - Miler T. Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA 15213 U.S.A
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Koh C, Frangeul L, Blanc H, Ngoagouni C, Boyer S, Dussart P, Grau N, Girod R, Duchemin JB, Saleh MC. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequences from 33 globally distributed mosquito species for improved metagenomics and species identification. eLife 2023; 12:82762. [PMID: 36688360 PMCID: PMC10014081 DOI: 10.7554/elife.82762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Total RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) is an important tool in the study of mosquitoes and the RNA viruses they vector as it allows assessment of both host and viral RNA in specimens. However, there are two main constraints. First, as with many other species, abundant mosquito ribosomal RNA (rRNA) serves as the predominant template from which sequences are generated, meaning that the desired host and viral templates are sequenced far less. Second, mosquito specimens captured in the field must be correctly identified, in some cases to the sub-species level. Here, we generate mosquito rRNA datasets which will substantially mitigate both of these problems. We describe a strategy to assemble novel rRNA sequences from mosquito specimens and produce an unprecedented dataset of 234 full-length 28S and 18S rRNA sequences of 33 medically important species from countries with known histories of mosquito-borne virus circulation (Cambodia, the Central African Republic, Madagascar, and French Guiana). These sequences will allow both physical and computational removal of rRNA from specimens during RNA-seq protocols. We also assess the utility of rRNA sequences for molecular taxonomy and compare phylogenies constructed using rRNA sequences versus those created using the gold standard for molecular species identification of specimens-the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene. We find that rRNA- and COI-derived phylogenetic trees are incongruent and that 28S and concatenated 28S+18S rRNA phylogenies reflect evolutionary relationships that are more aligned with contemporary mosquito systematics. This significant expansion to the current rRNA reference library for mosquitoes will improve mosquito RNA-seq metagenomics by permitting the optimization of species-specific rRNA depletion protocols for a broader range of species and streamlining species identification by rRNA sequence and phylogenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra Koh
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Viruses and RNA Interference Unit, F-75015ParisFrance
| | - Lionel Frangeul
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Viruses and RNA Interference Unit, F-75015ParisFrance
| | - Hervé Blanc
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Viruses and RNA Interference Unit, F-75015ParisFrance
| | - Carine Ngoagouni
- Institut Pasteur de Bangui, Medical Entomology LaboratoryBanguiCentral African Republic
| | - Sébastien Boyer
- Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Medical and Veterinary Entomology UnitPhnom PenhCambodia
| | | | - Nina Grau
- Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Medical Entomology UnitAntananarivoMadagascar
| | - Romain Girod
- Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Medical Entomology UnitAntananarivoMadagascar
| | - Jean-Bernard Duchemin
- Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Vectopôle Amazonien Emile AbonnencCayenneFrench Guiana
| | - Maria-Carla Saleh
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Viruses and RNA Interference Unit, F-75015ParisFrance
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Hu X, Zhang Y, Du M, Yang E. Efficient and specific DNA oligonucleotide rRNA probe-based rRNA removal in Talaromyces marneffei. Mycology 2022; 13:106-118. [PMID: 35711330 PMCID: PMC9196791 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2021.2017045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence showed that lncRNAs play important roles in a wide range of biological processes of fungi such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae. However, systemic identification of lncRNAs in non-model fungi is a challenging task as the efficiency of rRNA removal has been proved to be affected by mismatches of universal rRNA-targeting probes of commercial kits, which forces deeper sequencing depth and increases costs. Here, we developed a low-cost and simple rRNA depletion method (rProbe) that could efficiently remove more than 99% rRNA in both yeast and mycelium samples of Talaromyces marneffei. The efficiency and robustness of rProbe were demonstrated to outperform the Illumina Ribo-Zero kit. Using rProbe RNA-seq, we identified 115 differentially expressed lncRNAs and constructed lncRNA-mRNA co-expression network related to dimorphic switch of T. marneffei. Our rRNA removal method has the potential to be a useful tool to explore non-coding transcriptomes of non-model fungi by adjusting rRNA probe sequences species specifically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Hu
- Department of Medical Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Medical Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Minghao Du
- Department of Microbiology & Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Ence Yang
- Department of Medical Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Department of Microbiology & Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
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Phelps WA, Carlson AE, Lee MT. Correction to 'Optimized design of antisense oligomers for targeted rRNA depletion'. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:11406. [PMID: 34591961 PMCID: PMC8565346 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wesley A Phelps
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Anne E Carlson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Miler T Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
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