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Xu HL, Wan SR, An Y, Wu Q, Xing YH, Deng CH, Zhang PP, Long Y, Xu BT, Jiang ZZ. Targeting cell death in NAFLD: mechanisms and targeted therapies. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:399. [PMID: 39244571 PMCID: PMC11380694 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-02168-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 08/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a group of chronic liver disease which ranges from simple steatosis (NAFL) to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and is characterized by lipid accumulation, inflammation activation, fibrosis, and cell death. To date, a number of preclinical studies or clinical trials associated with therapies targeting fatty acid metabolism, inflammatory factors and liver fibrosis are performed to develop effective drugs for NAFLD/NASH. However, few therapies are cell death signaling-targeted even though the various cell death modes are present throughout the progression of NAFLD/NASH. Here we summarize the four types of cell death including apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis in the NAFLD and the underlying molecular mechanisms by which the pathogenic factors such as free fatty acid and LPS induce cell death in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. In addition, we also review the effects of cell death-targeted therapies on NAFLD. In summary, our review provides comprehensive insight into the roles of various cell death modes in the progression of NAFLD, which we hope will open new avenues for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Li Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Sheng-Rong Wan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Ying An
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Qi Wu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China
- Precision Pathology Diagnosis for Serious Diseases Key Laboratory of LuZhou, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yi-Hang Xing
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Chen-Hao Deng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Ping-Ping Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China
- Precision Pathology Diagnosis for Serious Diseases Key Laboratory of LuZhou, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yang Long
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Bu-Tuo Xu
- The People's Hospital of Pingyang, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.
| | - Zong-Zhe Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China.
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China.
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China.
- Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China.
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Kong J, Yao Z, Chen J, Zhao Q, Li T, Dong M, Bai Y, Liu Y, Lin Z, Xie Q, Zhang X. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Unveils Regulatory Factors Influencing Fatty Liver Development in Lion-Head Geese under High-Intake Feeding Compared to Normal Feeding. Vet Sci 2024; 11:366. [PMID: 39195820 PMCID: PMC11359645 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11080366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The lion-head goose is the only large goose species in China, and it is one of the largest goose species in the world. Lion-head geese have a strong tolerance for massive energy intake and show a priority of fat accumulation in liver tissue through special feeding. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the impact of high feed intake compared to normal feeding conditions on the transcriptome changes associated with fatty liver development in lion-head geese. In this study, 20 healthy adult lion-head geese were randomly assigned to a control group (CONTROL, n = 10) and high-intake-fed group (CASE, n = 10). After 38 d of treatment, all geese were sacrificed, and liver samples were collected. Three geese were randomly selected from the CONTROL and CASE groups, respectively, to perform whole-transcriptome analysis to analyze the key regulatory genes. We identified 716 differentially expressed mRNAs, 145 differentially expressed circRNAs, and 39 differentially expressed lncRNAs, including upregulated and downregulated genes. GO enrichment analysis showed that these genes were significantly enriched in molecular function. The node degree analysis and centrality metrics of the mRNA-lncRNA-circRNA triple regulatory network indicate the presence of crucial functional nodes in the network. We identified differentially expressed genes, including HSPB9, Pgk1, Hsp70, ME2, malic enzyme, HSP90, FADS1, transferrin, FABP, PKM2, Serpin2, and PKS, and we additionally confirmed the accuracy of sequencing at the RNA level. In this study, we studied for the first time the important differential genes that regulate fatty liver in high-intake feeding of the lion-head goose. In summary, these differentially expressed genes may play important roles in fatty liver development in the lion-head goose, and the functions and mechanisms should be investigated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry & Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.K.); (Z.Y.); (Q.Z.); (T.L.); (M.D.); (Y.B.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of AgroAnimal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Zhongshan Innovation Center, South China Agricultural University, Zhongshan 528400, China
| | - Ziqi Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry & Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.K.); (Z.Y.); (Q.Z.); (T.L.); (M.D.); (Y.B.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of AgroAnimal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Zhongshan Innovation Center, South China Agricultural University, Zhongshan 528400, China
| | - Junpeng Chen
- Shantou Baisha Research Institute of Original Species of Poultry and Stock, Shantou 515000, China; (J.C.); (Z.L.)
| | - Qiqi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry & Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.K.); (Z.Y.); (Q.Z.); (T.L.); (M.D.); (Y.B.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of AgroAnimal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Zhongshan Innovation Center, South China Agricultural University, Zhongshan 528400, China
| | - Tong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry & Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.K.); (Z.Y.); (Q.Z.); (T.L.); (M.D.); (Y.B.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of AgroAnimal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Zhongshan Innovation Center, South China Agricultural University, Zhongshan 528400, China
| | - Mengyue Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry & Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.K.); (Z.Y.); (Q.Z.); (T.L.); (M.D.); (Y.B.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of AgroAnimal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Zhongshan Innovation Center, South China Agricultural University, Zhongshan 528400, China
| | - Yuhang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry & Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.K.); (Z.Y.); (Q.Z.); (T.L.); (M.D.); (Y.B.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of AgroAnimal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Zhongshan Innovation Center, South China Agricultural University, Zhongshan 528400, China
| | - Yuanjia Liu
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China;
| | - Zhenping Lin
- Shantou Baisha Research Institute of Original Species of Poultry and Stock, Shantou 515000, China; (J.C.); (Z.L.)
| | - Qingmei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry & Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.K.); (Z.Y.); (Q.Z.); (T.L.); (M.D.); (Y.B.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of AgroAnimal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Zhongshan Innovation Center, South China Agricultural University, Zhongshan 528400, China
| | - Xinheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry & Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.K.); (Z.Y.); (Q.Z.); (T.L.); (M.D.); (Y.B.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of AgroAnimal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Zhongshan Innovation Center, South China Agricultural University, Zhongshan 528400, China
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Wu L, Hu Z, Lv Y, Ge C, Luo X, Zhan S, Huang W, Shen X, Yu D, Liu B. Hericium erinaceus polysaccharides ameliorate nonalcoholic fatty liver disease via gut microbiota and tryptophan metabolism regulation in an aged laying hen model. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 273:132735. [PMID: 38825293 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Polysaccharides extracted from Hericium erinaceus (HEP) exhibit hepatoprotective activity in the alleviation of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); however, the mechanisms underlying whether and how HEP regulation of the gut microbiota to alleviate liver-associated metabolic disorders are not well understood. This study used an aged laying hen model to explore the mechanisms through which HEP alleviates NAFLD, with a focus on regulatory function of HEP in the gut microbiome. The results showed that HEP ameliorated hepatic damage and metabolic disorders by improving intestinal barrier function and shaping the gut microbiota and tryptophan metabolic profiles. HEP increased the abundance of Lactobacillus and certain tryptophan metabolites, including indole-3-carboxylic acid, kynurenic acid, and tryptamine in the cecum. These metabolites upregulated the expression of ZO-1 and Occludin by activating the AhR and restoring the intestinal barrier integrity. The increased intestinal barrier functions decreased LPS transferring from the intestine to the liver, inhibited hepatic LPS/TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway activation, and reduced hepatic inflammatory response and apoptosis. Fecal microbiota transplantation experiments further confirmed that the hepatoprotective effect is likely mediated by HEP-altered gut microbiota and their metabolites. Overall, dietary HEP could ameliorate the hepatic damage and metabolic disorders of NAFLD through regulating the "gut-liver" axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianchi Wu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhaoying Hu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yujie Lv
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chaoyue Ge
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xinyu Luo
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shenao Zhan
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Weichen Huang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xinyu Shen
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Dongyou Yu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; ZJU-Xinchang Joint Innovation Centre (TianMu Laboratory), Gaochuang Hi-Tech Park, Xinchang 312500, China.
| | - Bing Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; ZJU-Xinchang Joint Innovation Centre (TianMu Laboratory), Gaochuang Hi-Tech Park, Xinchang 312500, China.
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Tao S, Run Y, Monchaud D, Zhang W. i-Motif DNA: identification, formation, and cellular functions. Trends Genet 2024:S0168-9525(24)00133-1. [PMID: 38902139 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2024.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
An i-motif (iM) is a four-stranded (quadruplex) DNA structure that folds from cytosine (C)-rich sequences. iMs can fold under many different conditions in vitro, which paves the way for their formation in living cells. iMs are thought to play key roles in various DNA transactions, notably in the regulation of genome stability, gene transcription, mRNA translation, DNA replication, telomere and centromere functions, and human diseases. We summarize the different techniques used to assess the folding of iMs in vitro and provide an overview of the internal and external factors that affect their formation and stability in vivo. We describe the possible biological relevance of iMs and propose directions towards their use as target in biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shentong Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production (CIC-MCP), Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Yonghang Run
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production (CIC-MCP), Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - David Monchaud
- Institut de Chimie Moleculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 6302, Université Bourgogne Franche Comté (UBFC), Dijon, France
| | - Wenli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production (CIC-MCP), Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China.
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Wang H, Chen L, Zhang R, Zhang G, Liu J, Guo F. Curcuma wenyujin rhizomes extract ameliorates lipid accumulation. Fitoterapia 2024; 175:105957. [PMID: 38604260 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2024.105957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Curcuma wenyujin (C. wenyujin) is a medicinal plant that is traditionally used to treat blood stagnation, liver fibrosis, pain, and jaundice. In this study, we examined the effect of C. wenyujin rhizome extract on hepatic lipid accumulation both in vivo and in vitro. We found that the petroleum ether fraction of C. wenyujin rhizome extract (CWP) considerably reduced the accumulation of lipids in HepG2 cells treated with oleic and palmitic acid. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with LTQ-Orbitrap mass spectrometry was used to analyze the main chemical constituents of CWP, and 21 sesquiterpenes were identified. In vivo experiments revealed that the administration of CWP significantly reduced the body weight and serum total cholesterol (TC) level of low-density-lipoprotein receptor knockout mice treated with a high-fat diet without affecting their food intake. CWP also significantly reduced the levels of liver TC, liver triglycerides, aspartate transaminase, and alanine transaminase. Histological examination revealed that CWP dose-dependently reduced steatosis in liver tissue, significantly downregulated the expression of lipogenesis genes, and increased the β-oxidation of fatty acids. CWP also significantly increased autophagy-related proteins. In conclusion, CWP rich in sesquiterpenes reduces the accumulation of lipids in vivo and in vitro by improving lipid metabolism and activating autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Lijia Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Ruiyu Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Guanying Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Jingwen Liu
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China.
| | - Fujiang Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China.
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Zhou HY, Dong L. Synthesis of acridones via Ir(III)-catalyzed amination annulation of oxazoles with anthranils. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:4036-4040. [PMID: 38698770 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00377b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
An unprecedented Ir(III)-catalyzed C-H activation/amination/annulation of 2-phenyloxazoles with anthranils for the highly selective preparation of acridone derivatives in one-pot under controlled conditions is reported. This protocol is characterized by atom economy and high regioselectivity. A wide range of anthranils with 2-phenyloxazoles were well tolerated and afforded the desired products in moderate to good yields, in which the anthranil serves as a convenient amination reagent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Yi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Lin Dong
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Feng Y, Ma X, Yang Y, Tao S, Ahmed A, Gong Z, Cheng X, Zhang W. The roles of DNA methylation on pH dependent i-motif (iM) formation in rice. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:1243-1257. [PMID: 38180820 PMCID: PMC10853798 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad1245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
I-motifs (iMs) are four-stranded non-B DNA structures containing C-rich DNA sequences. The formation of iMs is sensitive to pH conditions and DNA methylation, although the extent of which is still unknown in both humans and plants. To investigate this, we here conducted iMab antibody-based immunoprecipitation and sequencing (iM-IP-seq) along with bisulfite sequencing using CK (original genomic DNA without methylation-related treatments) and hypermethylated or demethylated DNA at both pH 5.5 and 7.0 in rice, establishing a link between pH, DNA methylation and iM formation on a genome-wide scale. We found that iMs folded at pH 7.0 displayed higher methylation levels than those formed at pH 5.5. DNA demethylation and hypermethylation differently influenced iM formation at pH 7.0 and 5.5. Importantly, CG hypo-DMRs (differentially methylated regions) and CHH (H = A, C and T) hyper-DMRs alone or coordinated with CG/CHG hyper-DMRs may play determinant roles in the regulation of pH dependent iM formation. Thus, our study shows that the nature of DNA sequences alone or combined with their methylation status plays critical roles in determining pH-dependent formation of iMs. It therefore deepens the understanding of the pH and methylation dependent modulation of iM formation, which has important biological implications and practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilong Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, CIC-MCP, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Xing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, CIC-MCP, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, CIC-MCP, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Shentong Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, CIC-MCP, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Asgar Ahmed
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, CIC-MCP, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
- Bangladesh Wheat and Maize Research Institute (BWMRI), Nashipur, Dinajpur 5200, Bangladesh
| | - Zhiyun Gong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xuejiao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, CIC-MCP, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, CIC-MCP, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
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Bose D, Banerjee N, Roy A, Sengupta P, Chatterjee S. Switchable tetraplex elements in the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K promoter: micro-environment dictated structural transitions of G/C rich elements. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-18. [PMID: 38235706 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2303378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
We have elucidated the hnRNP K promoter as a hotspot for tetraplex-based molecular switches receptive to micro-environmental stimuli. We have characterised the structural features of four tetraplex-forming loci and identified them as binding sites of transcription factors. These segments form either G-quadruplex or i-motif structures, the structural dynamicity of which has been studied in depth via several biophysical techniques. The tetraplexes display high dynamicity and are influenced by both pH and KCl concentrations in vitro. The loci complementary to these sequences form additional non-canonical secondary structures. In the cellular context, the most eminent observation of this study is the binding of hnRNP K to the i-motif forming sequences in its own promoter. We are the first to report a probable transcriptional autoregulatory function of hnRNP K in coordination with higher-order DNA structures. Herein, we also report the positive interaction of the endogenous tetraplexes with Sp1, a well-known transcriptional regulator. Treatment with tetraplex-specific small molecule ligands further uncovered G-quadruplexes' functioning as repressors and i-motifs as activators in this context. Together, our findings strongly indicate the critical regulatory role of the identified tetraplex elements in the hnRNP K promoter.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debopriya Bose
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Nilanjan Banerjee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Ananya Roy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Pallabi Sengupta
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kemihuset (K), Campus, Umeå, Umeå universitet, Umeå, Sweden
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Wang S, Lin X, Zhu C, Dong Y, Guo Y, Xie Z, He X, Ju W, Chen M. Association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and increased glucose-to-albumin ratio in adults without diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 14:1287916. [PMID: 38264288 PMCID: PMC10804880 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1287916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects approximately 30% of individuals globally. Both serum glucose and albumin were demonstrated to be potential markers for the development of NAFLD. We hypothesized that the risk of NAFLD may be proportional to the glucose-to-albumin ratio (GAR). Methods Based on information from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2018, it was determined that GAR was associated with an increased risk of NAFLD and liver fibrosis utilizing weighted multivariable logistic regression. Participants with a fatty liver index (FLI) over 60 were identified with NAFLD, and those with an NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS) >0.676 with evidence of NAFLD were labeled with advanced hepatic fibrosis (AHF). The liver biopsy was utilized to verify the relationship between GAR and FLD in our center cohort. Mendelian randomization analysis investigated the genetic relationship between GAR and NAFLD. Results Of 15,534 eligible participants, 36.4% of participants were identified as NAFLD without AHF. GAR was positively correlated with the probability of NAFLD following full adjustment for possible variables (OR = 1.53, 95% CI: 1.39-1.67). It was confirmed that patients with NAFLD and AHF had an inferior prognosis. The relationship between GAR and NFS was favorable (R = 0.46, P< 0.0001), and NAFLD patients with a higher GAR tended to develop poor survival. In our center cohort, the association between GAR and NAFLD was verified. Conclusion Among participants without diabetes, greater GAR was linked to higher risks of NAFLD. In addition, NAFLD patients with higher GAR tended to develop liver fibrosis and adverse outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wang
- Organ Transplant Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology (Organ Transplantation), Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong Lin
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Eastern Hospital of the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuchen Zhu
- Organ Transplant Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology (Organ Transplantation), Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuqi Dong
- Organ Transplant Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology (Organ Transplantation), Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiwen Guo
- Organ Transplant Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology (Organ Transplantation), Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhonghao Xie
- Organ Transplant Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology (Organ Transplantation), Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoshun He
- Organ Transplant Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology (Organ Transplantation), Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiqiang Ju
- Organ Transplant Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology (Organ Transplantation), Guangzhou, China
| | - Maogen Chen
- Organ Transplant Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology (Organ Transplantation), Guangzhou, China
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10
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Li YQ, Xin L, Zhao YC, Li SQ, Li YN. Role of vascular endothelial growth factor B in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and its potential value. World J Hepatol 2023; 15:786-796. [PMID: 37397934 PMCID: PMC10308292 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v15.i6.786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) refers to fatty liver disease caused by liver injury factors other than alcohol. The disease is characterized by diffuse fat infiltration, including simple steatosis (no inflammatory fat deposition), nonalcoholic fatty hepatitis, liver fibrosis, and so on, which may cause liver cirrhosis, liver failure, and even liver cancer in the later stage of disease progression. At present, the pathogenesis of NAFLD is still being studied. The "two-hit" theory, represented by lipid metabolism disorder and inflammatory reactions, is gradually enriched by the "multiple-hit" theory, which includes multiple factors, such as insulin resistance and adipocyte dysfunction. In recent years, vascular endothelial growth factor B (VEGFB) has been reported to have the potential to regulate lipid metabolism and is expected to become a novel target for ameliorating metabolic diseases, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. This review summarizes the regulatory role of VEGFB in the onset and development of NAFLD and illustrates its underlying molecular mechanism. In conclusion, the signaling pathway mediated by VEGFB in the liver may provide an innovative approach to the diagnosis and treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qi Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lei Xin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai 264000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yu-Chi Zhao
- Department of Surgery, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai 264000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shang-Qi Li
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264000, Shandong, China, Yantai 264000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ya-Nuo Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264000, Shandong Province, China
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11
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Luo X, Zhang J, Gao Y, Pan W, Yang Y, Li X, Chen L, Wang C, Wang Y. Emerging roles of i-motif in gene expression and disease treatment. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1136251. [PMID: 37021044 PMCID: PMC10067743 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1136251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
As non-canonical nucleic acid secondary structures consisting of cytosine-rich nucleic acids, i-motifs can form under certain conditions. Several i-motif sequences have been identified in the human genome and play important roles in biological regulatory functions. Due to their physicochemical properties, these i-motif structures have attracted attention and are new targets for drug development. Herein, we reviewed the characteristics and mechanisms of i-motifs located in gene promoters (including c-myc, Bcl-2, VEGF, and telomeres), summarized various small molecule ligands that interact with them, and the possible binding modes between ligands and i-motifs, and described their effects on gene expression. Furthermore, we discussed diseases closely associated with i-motifs. Among these, cancer is closely associated with i-motifs since i-motifs can form in some regions of most oncogenes. Finally, we introduced recent advances in the applications of i-motifs in multiple areas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Chang Wang
- *Correspondence: Chang Wang, ; Yuqing Wang,
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12
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Nandula SR, Nylen ES, Sen S. Novel Therapeutics in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Focus on Adult Stem Cells. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2023; 21:71-78. [PMID: 36625898 DOI: 10.1089/met.2022.0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disorder that is associated with abnormal accumulation of fat in the liver, which can lead to a wide variety of pathological liver defects and associated insulin resistance (IR), obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. The molecular mechanisms that cause the initiation and progression of NAFLD are not fully understood. Increased lipolysis and de novo hepatic lipid synthesis lead to oxidative stress induced by reactive oxygen species and inflammation. Both these two entities could be interrelated and be an important mechanistic pathway, which can lead to tissue injury and hepatic cell death. Mechanisms for worsening of NAFLD include mitochondrial abnormalities, downregulation of glutathione (GSH), decreased activity of GSH-dependent antioxidants, accumulation of activated macrophages, hepatic inflammation, systemic inflammation, IR, and poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus. Although no specific therapy has been approved for NAFLD, we review the latest medical therapeutics with emphasis on stem cell-based possibilities based on the presumed pathophysiology of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seshagiri Rao Nandula
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Eric S Nylen
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Sabyasachi Sen
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
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13
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Gong X, Lin X, Wang S, Ji D, Shu B, Huang ZS, Li D. Regulation of c-Kit gene transcription selectively by bisacridine derivative through promoter dual i-motif structures. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2023; 1866:194912. [PMID: 36754277 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2023.194912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND c-Kit protein is a signal transduction protein involved in multiple signal pathways, which play an important role in a variety of cellular events such as cell proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation. Special DNA secondary structures on the promoter of c-Kit gene, including G-quadruplex and i-motif structures, could act as "molecular switch" for gene transcriptional regulation, which are potentially important target for development of new anti-cancer drugs. METHODS We screened and evaluated the effect of compounds on c-Kit through several experiments, including SPR, FRET, CD, MST, NMR, dual-luciferase reporter assay, Western blot, qPCR, immunofluorescence, MTT assay, colony formation, cell scrape, cell apoptosis, cell cycle analysis, and transwell assay. RESULTS After extensive screening, we found that bisacridine derivative B05 had selective binding and stabilization to dual i-motif structures on c-Kit gene promoter, which could down-regulate c-Kit gene transcription and translation, resulting in inhibition of cell proliferation and metastasis. B05 exhibited potent anti-tumor activity on HGC-27 cells, and strongly suppressed tumor growth in HGC-27 xenograft mice model. CONCLUSIONS B05 could interact with c-Kit promoter dual i-motif structures with excellent selectivity, which make it possible for selective regulation of gene transcription and translation. B05 could be further developed for selective anti-cancer agent targeting c-Kit promoter i-motifs. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE i-Motifs on different proto-oncogene promoters are diversified, and especially binding of dual i-motifs on the same promoter simultaneously could significantly down-regulate gene transcription with decreased dosage, and therefore increasing the selectivity. This new strategy shed bight light on development of selective DNA-targeting ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Gong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou University City, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaomin Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou University City, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Siyi Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou University City, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Dongsheng Ji
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou University City, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Bing Shu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou University City, Guangzhou, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Zhi-Shu Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou University City, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Ding Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou University City, Guangzhou, PR China.
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14
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Wang GY, Zhang XY, Wang CJ, Guan YF. Emerging novel targets for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease treatment: Evidence from recent basic studies. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:75-95. [PMID: 36683713 PMCID: PMC9850950 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i1.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a leading chronic disease worldwide, affects approximately a quarter of the global population. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is an advanced form of NAFLD and is more likely to progress to liver fibrosis than simple steatosis. NASH is also identified as the most rapidly growing cause of hepatocellular carcinoma. Although in the past decade, several phase II/III clinical trials have shown promising results in the use of novel drugs targeting lipid synthase, farnesoid X receptor signaling, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor signaling, hepatocellular injury, and inflammatory signaling, proven pharmaceutical agents to treat NASH are still lacking. Thus, continuous exploration of the mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of NAFLD and the identification of novel therapeutic targets remain urgent tasks in the field. In the current review, we summarize studies reported in recent years that not only provide new insights into the mechanisms of NAFLD development but also explore the possibility of treating NAFLD by targeting newly identified signaling pathways. We also discuss evidence focusing on the intrahepatic targets involved in the pathogenesis of NAFLD as well as extrahepatic targets affecting liver metabolism and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Yan Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
- The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin 300070, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Zhang
- Health Science Center, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Chun-Jiong Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
- The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin 300070, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - You-Fei Guan
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning Province, China
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning Province, China
- Dalian Key Laboratory for Nuclear Receptors in Major Metabolic Diseases, Dalian 116044, Liaoning Province, China
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15
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Lu Z, Sun GF, Pan XA, Qu XH, Yang P, Chen ZP, Han XJ, Wang T. BCATc inhibitor 2 ameliorated mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in oleic acid-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease model. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1025551. [PMID: 36386234 PMCID: PMC9650408 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1025551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a prevalent hepatic disease in the world. Disorders of branched chain amino acid (BCAA) metabolism is involved in various diseases. In this study, we aim to explore the role of BCAA metabolism in the development of NAFLD and the protective effect of BCATc Inhibitor 2, an inhibitor of cytosolic branched chain amino acid transaminase, against NAFLD as well as its underlying mechanism. It was found that oleic acid induced lipid accumulation and apoptosis in HepG2 and LO2 cells. Supplementation of BCAAs further aggravated oleic acid-induced lipid accumulation and apoptosis. In contrast, treatment of BCATc Inhibitor 2 ameliorated oleic acid-induced lipid accumulation and apoptosis. Molecularly, supplementation of BCAAs or treatment of BCATc Inhibitor 2 up-regulated or down-regulated the expression of SREBP1 and lipogenesis-related genes without affecting lipolysis-related genes. BCATc Inhibitor 2 maintained mitochondrial function by ameliorating oleic acid-induced mitochondrial ROS generation and mitochondrial membrane potential disruption. In addition, BCATc Inhibitor 2 treatment alleviated oleic acid-induced activation of JNK and AKT signaling pathway and Bcl2/Bax/Caspase axis. In conclusion, our results indicate BCAA metabolism is involved in NAFLD and BCATc Inhibitor 2 protects against oleic acid-induced lipid accumulation and apoptosis. These findings suggest that BCATc Inhibitor 2 is a promising candidate drug for the treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Lu
- Institute of Geriatrics, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital and The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Gui-Feng Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiao-An Pan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xin-Hui Qu
- Institute of Geriatrics, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital and The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital and The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
| | - Ping Yang
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital and The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhi-Ping Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital and The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiao-Jian Han
- Institute of Geriatrics, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital and The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital and The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Institute of Geriatrics, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital and The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
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16
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Ding J, WenjuanYang, Jiang Y, Ji J, Zhang J, Wu L, Feng J, Zheng Y, Li Y, Cheng Z, Yu Q, Wu J, Li J, Chen K, Guo C. Cordycepin Protects against Hepatic Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury via Inhibiting MAPK/NF- κB Pathway. Mediators Inflamm 2022; 2022:5676256. [PMID: 36518880 PMCID: PMC9744625 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5676256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury (HIRI) is a common complication of liver surgery requiring hepatic disconnection, such as hepatectomy and liver transplantation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of cordycepin on HIRI and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Balb/c mice were randomly divided into six groups: a normal control group, sham group, H-cordycepin group, HIRI group, L-cordycepin (25 mg/kg) + HIRI group, and H-cordycepin (50 mg/kg) + HIRI group. Mice were subjected to I/R, and cordycepin was intragastrically administered for seven consecutive days before surgery. Orbital blood and liver specimens were collected at 6 and 24 h after HIRI. Serum levels of ALT and AST were decreased in the cordycepin pretreatment groups. Notably, cordycepin attenuated the inflammatory response and the production of proapoptosis proteins, while increasing expression of antiapoptosis proteins and decreasing expression of autophagy-linked proteins. Furthermore, cordycepin inhibited activation of the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway. Collectively, these results indicate that cordycepin pretreatment ameliorated hepatocyte injury caused by HIRI. As compared with the HIRI group, cordycepin pretreatment mitigated the inflammatory response and inhibited apoptosis and autophagy via regulation of the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiameng Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - WenjuanYang
- Department of Emergency, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Yuhui Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Jie Ji
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Liwei Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Jiao Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Ziqi Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Qiang Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Jianye Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200060, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200060, China
| | - Kan Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Chuanyong Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
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17
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Zhen Z, Shen Z, Sun P. Downregulation of Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1B (LRP1B) inhibits the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by activating the endoplasmic reticulum stress signaling pathway. Bioengineered 2022; 13:9467-9481. [PMID: 35389768 PMCID: PMC9161869 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2060778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has a high recurrence rate and mortality rate even after surgery. Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1B (LRP1B) has proven to be involved in tumor development and progression of multiple malignancies. However, the function of LRP1B in HCC progression has not been fully elucidated. Thus, we conducted this study to explore the relationship between LRP1B and HCC. Bioinformatic analyses implied that LRP1B was highly expressed in HCC tissues. High LRP1B expression was shown to be related to poor outcomes and the determination of HCC patients’ tumor stage. LRP1B deletion impeded the proliferation, migration, and invasion of HCC cells. Further investigation demonstrated that silencing LRP1B expression enhanced the sensitivity of HCC cells to doxorubicin. LRP1B deletion inhibited HCC progression by regulating the PERK-ATF4-CHOP signaling pathway. Additionally, we probed the genomic alterations of LRP1B in HCC and the impact on the prognosis of patients. Collectively, our results suggest that LRP1B plays an essential role in the promotion of HCC progression by regulating the PERK-ATF4-CHOP signaling pathway, which is a potential prognostic biomarker and a promising therapeutic target of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zili Zhen
- Department of General Surgery, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Department of Surgery, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Center for Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Zhemin Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Peilong Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Center for Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
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18
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Development of a Smart Fluorescent Probe Specifically Interacting with C-Myc I-Motif. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073872. [PMID: 35409230 PMCID: PMC8998492 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
I-motifs play key regulatory roles in biological processes, holding great potential as attractive therapeutic targets. In the present study, we developed a novel fluorescent probe G59 with strong and selective binding to the c-myc gene promoter i-motif. G59 had an i-motif-binding carbazole moiety conjugated with naphthalimide fluorescent groups. G59 could differentiate the c-myc i-motif from other DNA structures through selective activation of its fluorescence, with its apparent visualization in solution. The smart probe G59 showed excellent sensitivity, with a low fluorescent detection limit of 154 nM and effective stabilization to the c-myc i-motif. G59 could serve as a rapid and sensitive probe for label-free screening of selective c-myc i-motif binding ligands under neutral crowding conditions. To the best of our knowledge, G59 is the first fluorescent probe with high sensitivity for recognizing the i-motif structure and screening for selective binding ligands.
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N-Acetylcysteine Reverses Monocrotophos Exposure-Induced Hepatic Oxidative Damage via Mitigating Apoptosis, Inflammation and Structural Changes in Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 11:antiox11010090. [PMID: 35052593 PMCID: PMC8773366 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress-mediated tissue damage is primarily involved in hepatic injuries and dysfunctioning. Natural antioxidants have been shown to exert hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic properties. The present study evaluated the effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) against monocrotophos (MCP) exposure-induced toxicity in the rat liver. Albino Wistar rats were divided into four groups: (1) control, (2) NAC-treated, (3) MCP-exposure, (4) NAC and MCP-coexposure group. The dose of MCP (0.9 mg/kg b.wt) and NAC (200 mg/kg b.wt) were administered orally for 28 days. Exposure to MCP caused a significant increase in lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation and decreased glutathione content along with the depletion of antioxidant enzyme activities. Further MCP exposure increased pro-inflammatory cytokines levels and upregulated Bax and Caspase-3 expressions. MCP exposure also caused an array of structural alternations in liver tissue, as depicted by the histological and electron microscopic analysis. Thepretreatment of NAC improved glutathione content, restored antioxidant enzyme activities, prevented oxidation of lipids and proteins, decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines levels and normalized apoptotic protein expression. Treatment of NAC also prevented histological and ultrastructural alternations. Thus, the study represents the therapeutic efficacy and antioxidant potential of NAC against MCP exposure in the rat liver.
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Brahma MK, Gilglioni EH, Zhou L, Trépo E, Chen P, Gurzov EN. Oxidative stress in obesity-associated hepatocellular carcinoma: sources, signaling and therapeutic challenges. Oncogene 2021; 40:5155-5167. [PMID: 34290399 PMCID: PMC9277657 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01950-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity affects more than 650 million individuals worldwide and is a well-established risk factor for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Oxidative stress can be considered as a bona fide tumor promoter, contributing to the initiation and progression of liver cancer. Indeed, one of the key events involved in HCC progression is excessive levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) resulting from the fatty acid influx and chronic inflammation. This review provides insights into the different intracellular sources of obesity-induced ROS and molecular mechanisms responsible for hepatic tumorigenesis. In addition, we highlight recent findings pointing to the role of the dysregulated activity of BCL-2 proteins and protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) in the generation of hepatic oxidative stress and ROS-mediated dysfunctional signaling, respectively. Finally, we discuss the potential and challenges of novel nanotechnology strategies to prevent ROS formation in obesity-associated HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoja K Brahma
- Signal Transduction and Metabolism Laboratory, Laboratoire de Gastroentérologie Expérimental et Endotools, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Eduardo H Gilglioni
- Signal Transduction and Metabolism Laboratory, Laboratoire de Gastroentérologie Expérimental et Endotools, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lang Zhou
- Materials Research and Education Center, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, United States
| | - Eric Trépo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatopancreatology and Digestive Oncology, C.U.B. Hôpital Erasme, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Experimental Gastroenterology, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pengyu Chen
- Materials Research and Education Center, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, United States
| | - Esteban N Gurzov
- Signal Transduction and Metabolism Laboratory, Laboratoire de Gastroentérologie Expérimental et Endotools, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
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21
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Xi D, Cui M, Zhou X, Zhuge X, Ge Y, Wang Y, Zhang S. Nanopore-Based Single-Molecule Investigation of DNA Sequences with Potential to Form i-Motif Structures. ACS Sens 2021; 6:2691-2699. [PMID: 34237940 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c00712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
i-Motifs are DNA secondary structures present in cytosine-rich sequences. These structures are formed in regulatory regions of the human genome and play key regulatory roles. The investigation of sequences capable of forming i-motif structures at the single-molecule level is highly important. In this study, we used α-hemolysin nanopores to systematically study a series of DNA sequences at the nanometer scale by providing structure-dependent signature current signals to gain in-sights into the i-motif DNA sequence and structural stability. Increasing the length of the cytosine tract in a range of 3-10 nucleobases resulted in a longer translocation time through the pore, indicating improved stability. Changing the loop sequence and length in the sequences did not affect the formation of the i-motif structure but changed its stability. Importantly, the application of all-atom molecular dynamics simulations revealed the structural morphology of all sequences. Based on these results, we postulated a folding rule for i-motif formation, suggesting that thousands of cytosine-rich sequences in the human genome might fold into i-motif structures. Many of these were found in locations where structure formation is likely to play regulatory roles. These findings provide insights into the application of nanopores as a powerful tool for discovering potential i-motif-forming sequences and lay a foundation for future studies exploring the biological roles of i-motifs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Xi
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Tumor Markers, College of Life Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi 276005, P. R. China
| | - Mengjie Cui
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Tumor Markers, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi 276005, P. R. China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Tumor Markers, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi 276005, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Zhuge
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Tumor Markers, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi 276005, P. R. China
| | - Yaxian Ge
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Tumor Markers, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi 276005, P. R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Tumor Markers, College of Life Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi 276005, P. R. China
| | - Shusheng Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Tumor Markers, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi 276005, P. R. China
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22
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Zhao Q, Jiang D, Sun X, Mo Q, Chen S, Chen W, Gui R, Ma X. Biomimetic nanotherapy: core-shell structured nanocomplexes based on the neutrophil membrane for targeted therapy of lymphoma. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:179. [PMID: 34120620 PMCID: PMC8201715 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-00922-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) is a malignant disease of lymphoid tissue. At present, chemotherapy is still the main method for the treatment of NHL. R-CHOP can significantly improve the survival rate of patients. Unfortunately, DOX is the main cytotoxic drug in R-CHOP and it can lead to adverse reactions. Therefore, it is particularly important to uncover new treatment options for NHL. Results In this study, a novel anti-tumor nanoparticle complex Nm@MSNs-DOX/SM was designed and constructed in this study. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) loaded with Doxorubicin (DOX) and anti-inflammatory drugs Shanzhiside methylester (SM) were used as the core of nanoparticles. Neutrophil membrane (Nm) can be coated with multiple nanonuclei as a shell. DOX combined with SM can enhance the anti-tumor effect, and induce apoptosis of lymphoma cells and inhibit the expression of inflammatory factors related to tumorigenesis depending on the regulation of Bcl-2 family-mediated mitochondrial pathways, such as TNF-α and IL-1β. Consequently, the tumor microenvironment (TME) was reshaped, and the anti-tumor effect of DOX was amplified. Besides, Nm has good biocompatibility and can enhance the EPR effect of Nm@MSNs-DOX/SM and increase the effect of active targeting tumors. Conclusions This suggests that the Nm-modified drug delivery system Nm@MSNs-DOX/SM is a promising targeted chemotherapy and anti-inflammatory therapy nanocomplex, and may be employed as a specific and efficient anti-Lymphoma therapy. ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12951-021-00922-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangqiang Zhao
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, People's Republic of China.,Department of Hematology, The Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, 810007, People's Republic of China
| | - Duanfeng Jiang
- Department of Hematology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoying Sun
- Nursing School, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, People's Republic of China.,Department of Emergency, The Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, 810007, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuyu Mo
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541002, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaobin Chen
- Department of Hematology, The Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, 810007, People's Republic of China
| | - Wansong Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Gui
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xianjun Ma
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China.
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23
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Zhang S, Liu N, Ma M, Huang H, Handley M, Bai X, Shan F. Methionine enkephalin (MENK) suppresses lung cancer by regulating the Bcl-2/Bax/caspase-3 signaling pathway and enhancing natural killer cell-driven tumor immunity. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 98:107837. [PMID: 34116288 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate how methionine enkephalin (MENK) regulates the biological behavior of lung cancer cells and to further explore its anti-lung cancer mechanisms in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that MENK enhanced the expression of opioid receptor (OGFr) and induced apoptosis of lung cancer cells by activating the Bcl-1/Bax/caspase-3 signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo. However, the regulatory effects of MENK disappeared after blockade of the OGFr. This confirmed that a prerequisite for the anti-tumor action of MENK is binding to OGFr. Additionally, we observed that MENK treatment enhanced the immunogenicity of lung cancer by enhancing the exposure of calreticulin and high mobility group box 1, and increasing the expression of NKG2D ligands. Further studies showed that MENK treatment increased the expression of natural killer (NK) cell-related cytokines such as granzyme B and interferon-γ and NK cell activation. Thus, we concluded that MENK might inhibit the proliferation of lung cancer cells by activating the Bcl-2/Bax/caspase-3 signaling pathway and enhancing immunogenicity and NK cell-driven tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuling Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China; Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Mingxing Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Hai Huang
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, the People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Mike Handley
- Cytocom lnc, 3001 Aloma Ave., Winter Park, FL 32792, USA
| | - Xueli Bai
- Department of Gynecology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China.
| | - Fengping Shan
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
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24
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Liu B, Yi W, Mao X, Yang L, Rao C. Enoyl coenzyme A hydratase 1 alleviates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in mice by suppressing hepatic ferroptosis. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2021; 320:E925-E937. [PMID: 33813878 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00614.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a common metabolic disorder that is a major contributor to health care expenditures worldwide. Enoyl coenzyme A hydratase 1 (ECH1) is initially recognized as a key component in mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation, and subsequent studies have demonstrated that it regulates multiple pathophysiological processes. However, the relationship between ECH1 and NASH has remained largely unknown. Herein, we investigated the role of ECH1 in NASH progression. Adeno-associated virus-mediated genetic engineering was used to investigate the role of ECH1. Alterations in hepatic steatosis, inflammation, fibrogenesis, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and liver injury were monitored using liver or serum samples from mice. ECH1 expression was significantly higher in human NASH biopsy specimens and in methionine choline-deficient (MCD) diet-fed mice. ECH1 overexpression significantly alleviated hepatic steatosis, inflammation, fibrogenesis, apoptosis, and oxidative stress in livers of mice. In addition, ECH1 overexpression also reduced alanine aminotransferase and proinflammatory cytokine levels in serum and triglyceride levels in livers. Consistently, ECH1 knockdown suppressed this beneficial phenotype. Mechanistically, ECH1-knockdown mice treated with ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) showed an alleviated NASH phenotype compared with the untreated knockdown mice. Meanwhile, we detected changes in Erk signaling pathway when ECH1 was overexpressed or knocked down, which may partially explain the potential mechanism of ECH1 regulation of ferroptosis.In summary, ECH1 may ameliorate steatohepatitis by inhibiting ferroptosis. Pharmacological or genetic ECH1 activation may have potential as a future therapy for NASH.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Enoyl coenzyme A hydratase 1 (ECH1) is a key component in mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation and is also a well-known enzyme for lipid metabolism. However, the biological role of ECH1 in the development of NASH is still unclear. Herein, we demonstrated that ECH1 inhibits NASH by inhibiting ferroptosis, thus providing a novel target for therapeutic intervention for future treatment of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Liu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Clinic Center of Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Yi
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxiang Mao
- Clinic Center of Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Clinic Center of Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Caijun Rao
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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25
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Wang H, Huang M, Bei W, Yang Y, Song L, Zhang D, Zhan W, Zhang Y, Chen X, Wang W, Wang L, Guo J. FTZ attenuates liver steatosis and fibrosis in the minipigs with type 2 diabetes by regulating the AMPK signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 138:111532. [PMID: 34311531 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Fufang Zhenzhu Tiaozhi formula (FTZ), a preparation of Chinese herbal medicine, has various pharmacological properties, such as hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, anticoagulant, and anti-inflammatory activities. Hepatocyte apoptosis is a marker of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and contributes to liver injury, fibrosis, and inflammation. Given the multiple effects of FTZ, we investigated whether FTZ can be a therapeutic agent for NASH and its mechanism. In the present study, we observed that FTZ treatment had an obviously favorable influence on hepatic steatosis and fibrosis in the histopathologic features of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and coronary heart disease (CHD) with NASH minipigs. In addition, immunohistochemical analysis showed increased expression of the fibrotic marker α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and a TUNEL assay revealed increased apoptotic positive hepatic cells in the liver tissues of the model group. Furthermore, FTZ administration reduced the increased expression of α-SMA, and FTZ inhibited apoptosis by affecting Bcl-2/Bax and cleaved caspase-3 expression. Mechanistically, our data suggested that FTZ treatment attenuated hepatic steatosis and fibrosis via the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway. In vitro studies showed that FTZ also attenuated intracellular lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells exposed to palmitic acid (PA) and oleic acid (OA). FTZ upregulated the expression levels of P-AMPK and BCL-2 and downregulated BAX. The changes induced by FTZ were reversed by Compound C, an inhibitor of AMPK. In conclusion, FTZ attenuated NASH by ameliorating steatosis and hepatocyte apoptosis, which is attributable to the regulation of the AMPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wang
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, China
| | - Minyi Huang
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, China
| | - Weijian Bei
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, China; Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM (State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine), China; Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, China
| | - Yiqi Yang
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, China; Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM (State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine), China; Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, China; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory against Metabolic Diseases, China
| | - Lixia Song
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, China
| | - Dongxing Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, China
| | - Wenjing Zhan
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, China
| | - Yuzhen Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, China
| | - Weixuan Wang
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, China; Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM (State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine), China; Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, China; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory against Metabolic Diseases, China
| | - Lexun Wang
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, China; Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM (State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine), China; Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, China; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory against Metabolic Diseases, China
| | - Jiao Guo
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, China; Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM (State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine), China; Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, China; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory against Metabolic Diseases, China.
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26
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Brown SL, Kendrick S. The i-Motif as a Molecular Target: More Than a Complementary DNA Secondary Structure. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14020096. [PMID: 33513764 PMCID: PMC7911047 DOI: 10.3390/ph14020096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Stretches of cytosine-rich DNA are capable of adopting a dynamic secondary structure, the i-motif. When within promoter regions, the i-motif has the potential to act as a molecular switch for controlling gene expression. However, i-motif structures in genomic areas of repetitive nucleotide sequences may play a role in facilitating or hindering expansion of these DNA elements. Despite research on the i-motif trailing behind the complementary G-quadruplex structure, recent discoveries including the identification of a specific i-motif antibody are pushing this field forward. This perspective reviews initial and current work characterizing the i-motif and providing insight into the biological function of this DNA structure, with a focus on how the i-motif can serve as a molecular target for developing new therapeutic approaches to modulate gene expression and extension of repetitive DNA.
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