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Cho YW, Fu Y, Huang CCJ, Wu X, Ng L, Kelley KA, Vella KR, Berg AH, Hollenberg AN, Liu H, Forrest D. Thyroid hormone-regulated chromatin landscape and transcriptional sensitivity of the pituitary gland. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1253. [PMID: 38081939 PMCID: PMC10713718 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05546-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormone (3,5,3'-triiodothyronine, T3) is a key regulator of pituitary gland function. The response to T3 is thought to hinge crucially on interactions of nuclear T3 receptors with enhancers but these sites in pituitary chromatin remain surprisingly obscure. Here, we investigate genome-wide receptor binding in mice using tagged endogenous thyroid hormone receptor β (TRβ) and analyze T3-regulated open chromatin using an anterior pituitary-specific Cre driver (Thrbb2Cre). Strikingly, T3 regulates histone modifications and chromatin opening primarily at sites that maintain TRβ binding regardless of T3 levels rather than at sites where T3 abolishes or induces de novo binding. These sites associate more frequently with T3-activated than T3-suppressed genes. TRβ-deficiency blunts T3-regulated gene expression, indicating that TRβ confers transcriptional sensitivity. We propose a model of gene activation in which poised receptor-enhancer complexes facilitate adjustable responses to T3 fluctuations, suggesting a genomic basis for T3-dependent pituitary function or pituitary dysfunction in thyroid disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Wook Cho
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Yulong Fu
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Chen-Che Jeff Huang
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Xuefeng Wu
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Lily Ng
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Kevin A Kelley
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, 10029, USA
| | - Kristen R Vella
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Weill Department of Medicine Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, 10065, USA
| | - Anders H Berg
- Department of Pathology, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, 90048, USA
| | - Anthony N Hollenberg
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Weill Department of Medicine Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, 10065, USA
| | - Hong Liu
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Douglas Forrest
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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Giolito MV, Plateroti M. Thyroid hormone signaling in the intestinal stem cells and their niche. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:476. [PMID: 35947210 PMCID: PMC11072102 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04503-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Several studies emphasized the function of the thyroid hormones in stem cell biology. These hormones act through the nuclear hormone receptor TRs, which are T3-modulated transcription factors. Pioneer work on T3-dependent amphibian metamorphosis showed that the crosstalk between the epithelium and the underlying mesenchyme is absolutely required for intestinal maturation and stem cell emergence. With the recent advances of powerful animal models and 3D-organoid cultures, similar findings have now begun to be described in mammals, where the action of T3 and TRα1 control physiological and cancer-related stem cell biology. In this review, we have summarized recent findings on the multiple functions of T3 and TRα1 in intestinal epithelium stem cells, cancer stem cells and their niche. In particular, we have highlighted the regulation of metabolic functions directly linked to normal and/or cancer stem cell biology. These findings help explain other possible mechanisms by which TRα1 controls stem cell biology, beyond the more classical Wnt and Notch signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Virginia Giolito
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, IRFAC/UMR-S1113, FMTS, 3 Avenue Molière 67200, Strasbourg, France
| | - Michelina Plateroti
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, IRFAC/UMR-S1113, FMTS, 3 Avenue Molière 67200, Strasbourg, France.
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