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Bradová M, Mosaieby E, Michal M, Vaněček T, Ing SK, Grossmann P, Koshyk O, Kinkor Z, Laciok Š, Nemcová A, Straka Ľ, Farkas M, Michal M, Švajdler M. Spindle cell rhabdomyosarcomas: With TFCP2 rearrangements, and novel EWSR1::ZBTB41 and PLOD2::RBM6 gene fusions. A study of five cases and review of the literature. Histopathology 2024; 84:776-793. [PMID: 38114270 DOI: 10.1111/his.15121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Spindle-cell/sclerosing rhabdomyosarcomas (SS-RMS) are clinically and genetically heterogeneous. They include three well-defined molecular subtypes, of which those with EWSR1/FUS::TFCP2 rearrangements were described only recently. This study aimed to evaluate five new cases of SS-RMS and to perform a clinicopathological and statistical analysis of all TFCP2-rearranged SS-RMS described in the English literature to more comprehensively characterize this rare tumour type. METHODS AND RESULTS Cases were retrospectively selected and studied by immunohistochemistry, fluorescence in situ hybridization with EWSR1/FUS and TFCP2 break-apart probes, next-generation sequencing (Archer FusionPlex Sarcoma kit and TruSight RNA Pan-Cancer Panel). The PubMed database was searched for relevant peer-reviewed English reports. Five cases of SS-RMS were found. Three cases were TFCP2 rearranged SS-RMS, having FUSex6::TFCP2ex2 gene fusion in two cases and triple gene fusion EWSR1ex5::TFCP2ex2, VAX2ex2::ALKex2 and VAX2intron2::ALKex2 in one case. Two cases showed rhabdomyoblastic differentiation and spindle-round cell/sclerosing morphology, but were characterized by novel genetic fusions including EWSR1ex8::ZBTB41ex7 and PLOD2ex8::RBM6ex7, respectively. In the statistical analysis of all published cases, CDKN2A or ALK alterations, the use of standard chemotherapy and age at presentation in the range of 18-24 years were negatively correlated to overall survival. CONCLUSION EWSR1/FUS::TFCP2-rearranged SS-RMS is a rare rhabdomyosarcoma subtype, affecting predominantly young adults with average age at presentation 34 years (median 29.5 years; age range 7-86 years), with a predilection for craniofacial bones, rapid clinical course with frequent bone and lung metastases, and poor prognosis (3-year overall survival rate 28%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Bradová
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine in Plzen, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Bioptic Laboratory Ltd, Plzen, Czech Republic
| | - Elaheh Mosaieby
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine in Plzen, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Bioptic Laboratory Ltd, Plzen, Czech Republic
| | - Michael Michal
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine in Plzen, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Bioptic Laboratory Ltd, Plzen, Czech Republic
| | | | - Stanislav Kormunda Ing
- Division of Information Technologies and Statistics, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Zdeněk Kinkor
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine in Plzen, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Bioptic Laboratory Ltd, Plzen, Czech Republic
| | - Šimon Laciok
- Department of Pathology, Třinec Hospital, Třinec, Czech Republic
| | | | | | | | - Michal Michal
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine in Plzen, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Bioptic Laboratory Ltd, Plzen, Czech Republic
| | - Marián Švajdler
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine in Plzen, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Bioptic Laboratory Ltd, Plzen, Czech Republic
- Cytopathos, Ltd, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Vembuli H, Gor R, Ramalingam S, Perales S, Rajasingh J. RNA binding proteins in cancer chemotherapeutic drug resistance. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1308102. [PMID: 38328550 PMCID: PMC10847363 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1308102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance has been a major obstacle in the quest for a cancer cure. Many chemotherapeutic treatments fail to overcome chemoresistance, resulting in tumor remission. The exact process that leads to drug resistance in many cancers has not been fully explored or understood. However, the discovery of RNA binding proteins (RBPs) has provided insight into various pathways and post-transcriptional gene modifications involved in drug tolerance. RBPs are evolutionarily conserved proteins, and their abnormal gene expression has been associated with cancer progression. Additionally, RBPs are aberrantly expressed in numerous neoplasms. RBPs have also been implicated in maintaining cancer stemness, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and other processes. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of RBP-mediated mechanisms of drug resistance and their implications in cancer malignancy. We discuss in detail the role of major RBPs and their correlation with noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) that are associated with the inhibition of chemosensitivity. Understanding and exploring the pathways of RBP-mediated chemoresistance will contribute to the development of improved cancer diagnosis and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemanathan Vembuli
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Bio-Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Bioscience Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Ravi Gor
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Bio-Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Satish Ramalingam
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Bio-Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Selene Perales
- Department of Bioscience Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Johnson Rajasingh
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Bio-Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Bioscience Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
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Ben-Oz BM, Machour FE, Nicola M, Argoetti A, Polyak G, Hanna R, Kleifeld O, Mandel-Gutfreund Y, Ayoub N. A dual role of RBM42 in modulating splicing and translation of CDKN1A/p21 during DNA damage response. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7628. [PMID: 37993446 PMCID: PMC10665399 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43495-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
p53-mediated cell cycle arrest during DNA damage is dependent on the induction of p21 protein, encoded by the CDKN1A gene. p21 inhibits cyclin-dependent kinases required for cell cycle progression to guarantee accurate repair of DNA lesions. Hence, fine-tuning of p21 levels is crucial to preserve genomic stability. Currently, the multilayered regulation of p21 levels during DNA damage is not fully understood. Herein, we identify the human RNA binding motif protein 42 (RBM42) as a regulator of p21 levels during DNA damage. Genome-wide transcriptome and interactome analysis reveals that RBM42 alters the expression of p53-regulated genes during DNA damage. Specifically, we demonstrate that RBM42 facilitates CDKN1A splicing by counteracting the splicing inhibitory effect of RBM4 protein. Unexpectedly, we also show that RBM42, underpins translation of various splicing targets, including CDKN1A. Concordantly, transcriptome-wide mapping of RBM42-RNA interactions using eCLIP further substantiates the dual function of RBM42 in regulating splicing and translation of its target genes, including CDKN1A. Collectively, our data show that RBM42 couples splicing and translation machineries to fine-tune gene expression during DNA damage response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bella M Ben-Oz
- Department of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Feras E Machour
- Department of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Marian Nicola
- Department of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Amir Argoetti
- Department of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Galia Polyak
- Department of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Rawad Hanna
- Department of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Oded Kleifeld
- Department of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Yael Mandel-Gutfreund
- Department of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Nabieh Ayoub
- Department of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel.
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Zhen N, Zhu J, Mao S, Zhang Q, Gu S, Ma J, Zhang Y, Yin M, Li H, Huang N, Wu H, Sun F, Ying B, Zhou L, Pan Q. Alternative Splicing of lncRNAs From SNHG Family Alters snoRNA Expression and Induces Chemoresistance in Hepatoblastoma. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 16:735-755. [PMID: 37478905 PMCID: PMC10520360 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2023.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Hepatoblastoma (HB) is a common pediatric malignant liver tumor that is characterized by a low level of genetic mutations. Alternative splicing (AS) has been shown to be closely associated with cancer progression, especially in tumors with a low mutational burden. However, the role of AS in HB remains unknown. METHODS Transcriptome sequencing was performed on 5 pairs of HB tissues and matched non-tumor tissues to delineate the AS landscape in HB. AS events were validated in 92 samples from 46 patients. RNA pull-down and RNA immunoprecipitation assays were carried out to identify splicing factors that regulate the AS of small nucleolar RNA host genes (SNHG). Patient-derived organoids (PDOs) were established to investigate the role of the splicing factor polyadenylate-binding nuclear protein 1 (PABPN1). RESULTS This study uncovered aberrant alternative splicing in HB, including lncRNAs from SNHG family that undergo intron retention in HB. Further investigations revealed that PABPN1, a significantly upregulated RNA binding protein, interacts with splicing machinery in HB, inducing the intron retention of these SNHG RNAs and the downregulation of intronic small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs). Functionally, PABPN1 acts as an oncofetal splicing regulator in HB by promoting cell proliferation and DNA damage repair via inducing the intron retention of SNHG19. Knock-down of PABPN1 increases the cisplatin sensitivity of HB PDOs. CONCLUSIONS Our findings revealed the role of intron retention in regulating snoRNA expression in hepatoblastoma, explained detailed regulatory mechanism between PABPN1 and the intron retention of SNHG RNAs, and provided insight into the development of new HB treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Zhen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiabei Zhu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Siwei Mao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Song Gu
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji Ma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Clinical Medicine Scientific and Technical Innovation Park, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Minzhi Yin
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haojie Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Han Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fenyong Sun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Binwu Ying
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Lin Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qiuhui Pan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Diagnostics for Pediatrics, Shanghai, China; Sanya Women and Children's Hospital Managed by Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Hainan, China.
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Novel roles of RNA-binding proteins in drug resistance of breast cancer: from molecular biology to targeting therapeutics. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:52. [PMID: 36759501 PMCID: PMC9911762 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01352-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapy resistance remains a huge challenge for current breast cancer treatments. Exploring molecular mechanisms of therapy resistance might provide therapeutic targets for patients with advanced breast cancer and improve their prognosis. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) play an important role in regulating therapy resistance. Here we summarize the functions of RBPs, highlight their tremendously important roles in regulating therapy sensitivity and resistance and we also reveal current therapeutic approaches reversing abnormal functions of RBPs in breast cancer.
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Meng X, Wang Q, Hao R, Li X, Li M, Hu R, Du H, Hu Z, Yu B, Li S. RNA-binding protein MAC5A interacts with the 26S proteasome to regulate DNA damage response in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 191:446-462. [PMID: 36331331 PMCID: PMC9806599 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
DNA damage response (DDR) in eukaryotes is essential for the maintenance of genome integrity in challenging environments. The regulatory mechanisms of DDR have been well-established in yeast and humans. However, increasing evidence supports the idea that plants seem to employ different signaling pathways that remain largely unknown. Here, we report the role of MODIFIER OF SNC1, 4-ASSOCIATED COMPLEX SUBUNIT 5A (MAC5A) in DDR in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Lack of MAC5A in mac5a mutants causes hypersensitive phenotypes to methyl methanesulfonate (MMS), a DNA damage inducer. Consistent with this observation, MAC5A can regulate alternative splicing of DDR genes to maintain the proper response to genotoxic stress. Interestingly, MAC5A interacts with the 26S proteasome (26SP) and is required for its proteasome activity. MAC core subunits are also involved in MMS-induced DDR. Moreover, we find that MAC5A, the MAC core subunits, and 26SP may act collaboratively to mediate high-boron-induced growth repression through DDR. Collectively, our findings uncover the crucial role of MAC in MMS-induced DDR in orchestrating growth and stress adaptation in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangxiang Meng
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Quanhui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Ruili Hao
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Xudong Li
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mu Li
- School of Biological Sciences & Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0666, USA
| | - Ruibo Hu
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Hai Du
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Zhubing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Bin Yu
- School of Biological Sciences & Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0666, USA
| | - Shengjun Li
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
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Awwad SW, Darawshe MM, Machour FE, Arman I, Ayoub N. Recruitment of RBM6 to DNA Double-Strand Breaks Fosters Homologous Recombination Repair. Mol Cell Biol 2023; 43:130-142. [PMID: 36941773 PMCID: PMC10038030 DOI: 10.1080/10985549.2023.2187105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are highly toxic lesions that threaten genome integrity and cell survival. To avoid harmful repercussions of DSBs, a wide variety of DNA repair factors are recruited to execute DSB repair. Previously, we demonstrated that RBM6 splicing factor facilitates homologous recombination (HR) of DSB by regulating alternative splicing-coupled nonstop-decay of the HR protein APBB1/Fe65. Here, we describe a splicing-independent function of RBM6 in promoting HR repair of DSBs. We show that RBM6 is recruited to DSB sites and PARP1 activity indirectly regulates RBM6 recruitment to DNA breakage sites. Deletion mapping analysis revealed a region containing five glycine residues within the G-patch domain that regulates RBM6 accumulation at DNA damage sites. We further ascertain that RBM6 interacts with Rad51, and this interaction is attenuated in RBM6 mutant lacking the G-patch domain (RBM6del(G-patch)). Consequently, RBM6del(G-patch) cells exhibit reduced levels of Rad51 foci after ionizing radiation. In addition, while RBM6 deletion mutant lacking the G-patch domain has no detectable effect on the expression levels of its splicing targets Fe65 and Eya2, it fails to restore the integrity of HR. Altogether, our results suggest that RBM6 recruitment to DSB promotes HR repair, irrespective of its splicing activity.HIGHLIGHTSPARP1 activity indirectly regulates RBM6 recruitment to DNA damage sites.Five glycine residues within the G-patch domain of RBM6 are critical for its recruitment to DNA damage sites, but dispensable for its splicing activity.RBM6 G-patch domain fosters its interaction with Rad51 and promotes Rad51 foci formation following irradiation.RBM6 recruitment to DSB sites underpins HR repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samah W. Awwad
- Department of Biology, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Malak M. Darawshe
- Department of Biology, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Feras E. Machour
- Department of Biology, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Inbar Arman
- Department of Biology, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Nabieh Ayoub
- Department of Biology, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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Xu H, Wu J, Zhang L, Li Y, Gao L, Cheng Y. The measurement of NRF2 and TP53 in blood expects radiotherapeutic sensitivity in patients with esophageal cancer. Mol Cell Probes 2022; 66:101860. [PMID: 36116599 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2022.101860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigates the relationship between the mRNA expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) and Tumor protein p53 (TP53) in circulating tumor cells (CTC) and sensitivity to radiotherapy in patients with esophageal cancer. To investigate the relationship between cytokines IL-6, CD8+, and NRF2 during patient treatment and their predictive role for treatment. METHODS Radiosensitivity was assessed by measuring a morphological or functional change in the tumor in response to ionizing radiation. Fasting venous anticoagulated blood (EDTA anticoagulation) was drawn from patients, and the Trizol-chloroform two-step method was used for RNA extraction. Data were collected from 45 patients admitted with radiotherapy alone from January 2018 to December 2021. The expression levels of NRF2mRNA (Messenger Ribose Nucleic Acid) and TP53mRNA in CTCs were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Pre- and post-treatment changes in IL-6 and CD8+ were recorded. The correlation between their expression level and the clinical stage, radiotherapy sensitivity, and efficacy of patients was analyzed. RESULTS Twenty-six cases were sensitive to radiotherapy, and 19 were resistant, for a radiotherapy sensitivity rate of 58.8%. NRF2mRNA and TP53mRNA values increased in 19 radiotherapy-resistant patients and decreased in 26 radiotherapy-sensitive patients compared with those before radiotherapy (P = 0.001, P<0.05). The ΔCT values of NRF2mRNA and TP53mRNA before treatment were moderately correlated with prognosis (P < 0.002). Inflammatory cytokine IL-6 was elevated in 22 of 45 patients after radiation, P = 0.04. NRF2 mRNA level was consistently elevated with CD8+ in 10 patients, P = 0.02. CONCLUSIONS The expression of NRF2mRNA and TP53mRNA in the CTCs found in the peripheral blood of patients with esophageal squamous carcinoma was significantly associated with the sensitivity to radiotherapy. NRF2 mRNA level was consistently elevated with CD8+ and IL-6 in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqin Xu
- Radiotherapy Center, Qilu hospital of Shandong University, Jinan city, Shandong Province, 25000, China; Radiotherapy Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University (Xuzhou Mining Group General Hospital), Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province, 221000, China.
| | - Jinchang Wu
- Radiotherapy Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University (Xuzhou Mining Group General Hospital), Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province, 221000, China
| | - Lansheng Zhang
- Radiotherapy Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University (Xuzhou Mining Group General Hospital), Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province, 221000, China
| | - Yang Li
- Radiotherapy Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University (Xuzhou Mining Group General Hospital), Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province, 221000, China
| | - Liyan Gao
- Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province, 221000, China
| | - Yufeng Cheng
- Radiotherapy Center, Qilu hospital of Shandong University, Jinan city, Shandong Province, 25000, China.
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RNA-binding proteins: Underestimated contributors in tumorigenesis. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:431-444. [PMID: 35124196 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
mRNA export, translation, splicing, cleavage or capping determine mRNA stability, which represents one of the primary aspects regulating gene expression and function. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) bind to their target mRNAs to regulate multiple cell functions by increasing or reducing their stability. In recent decades, studies of the role of RBPs in tumorigenesis have revealed an increasing number of proteins impacting the prognosis, diagnosis and cancer treatment. Several RBPs have been identified based on their interactions with oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes in human cancers, which are involved in apoptosis, the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), DNA repair, autophagy, cell proliferation, immune response, metabolism, and the regulation of noncoding RNAs. In this review, we propose a model showing how RBP mutations influence tumorigenesis, and we update the current knowledge regarding the molecular mechanism by which RBPs regulate cancer. Special attention is being devoted to RBPs that represent prognostic and diagnostic factors in cancer patients.
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Selective macrocyclic peptide modulators of Lys63-linked ubiquitin chains disrupt DNA damage repair. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6174. [PMID: 36257952 PMCID: PMC9579194 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33808-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing an effective binder for a specific ubiquitin (Ub) chain is a promising approach for modulating various biological processes with potential applications in drug discovery. Here, we combine the Random Non-standard Peptides Integrated Discovery (RaPID) method and chemical protein synthesis to screen an extended library of macrocyclic peptides against synthetic Lys63-linked Di-Ub to discover a specific binder for this Ub chain. Furthermore, next-generation binders are generated by chemical modifications. We show that our potent cyclic peptide is cell-permeable, and inhibits DNA damage repair, leading to apoptotic cell death. Concordantly, a pulldown experiment with the biotinylated analog of our lead cyclic peptide supports our findings. Collectively, we establish a powerful strategy for selective inhibition of protein-protein interactions associated with Lys63-linked Di-Ub using cyclic peptides. This study offers an advancement in modulating central Ub pathways and provides opportunities in drug discovery areas associated with Ub signaling.
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Li X, Chen W, Huang L, Zhu M, Zhang H, Si Y, Li H, Luo Q, Yu B. Sinomenine hydrochloride suppresses the stemness of breast cancer stem cells by inhibiting Wnt signaling pathway through down-regulation of WNT10B. Pharmacol Res 2022; 179:106222. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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