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Liang F, Jin J, Li Q, Duan J, Jiang A, Chen X, Geng H, Wu K, Yu F, Zhao X, Zhou Y, Hu D, Chen L. DOT1L/H3K79me2 represses HIV-1 reactivation via recruiting DCAF1. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114368. [PMID: 38905100 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
DOT1L mediates the methylation of histone H3 at lysine 79 and, in turn, the transcriptional activation or repression in a context-dependent manner, yet the regulatory mechanisms and functions of DOT1L/H3K79me remain to be fully explored. Following peptide affinity purification and proteomic analysis, we identified that DCAF1-a component of the E3 ligase complex involved in HIV regulation-is associated with H3K79me2 and DOT1L. Interestingly, blocking the expression or catalytic activity of DOT1L or repressing the expression of DCAF1 significantly enhances the tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)/nuclear factor κB (NF-κB)-induced reactivation of the latent HIV-1 genome. Mechanistically, upon TNF-α/NF-κB activation, DCAF1 is recruited to the HIV-1 long terminal repeat (LTR) by DOT1L and H3K79me2. Recruited DCAF1 subsequently induces the ubiquitination of NF-κB and restricts its accumulation at the HIV-1 LTR. Altogether, our findings reveal a feedback modulation of HIV reactivation by DOT1L-mediated histone modification regulation and highlight the potential of targeting the DOT1L/DCAF1 axis as a therapeutic strategy for HIV treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenfei Liang
- RNA Institute, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jiaxing Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Qiming Li
- RNA Institute, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jiangkai Duan
- RNA Institute, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Ao Jiang
- RNA Institute, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiaoqing Chen
- RNA Institute, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Huichao Geng
- RNA Institute, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Kai Wu
- RNA Institute, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Fei Yu
- RNA Institute, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiaolu Zhao
- RNA Institute, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- RNA Institute, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Deqing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education, Cancer Institute and Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300060, China.
| | - Liang Chen
- RNA Institute, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
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Kealy L, Runting J, Thiele D, Scheer S. An emerging maestro of immune regulation: how DOT1L orchestrates the harmonies of the immune system. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1385319. [PMID: 38962004 PMCID: PMC11219580 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1385319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The immune system comprises a complex yet tightly regulated network of cells and molecules that play a critical role in protecting the body from infection and disease. The activity and development of each immune cell is regulated in a myriad of ways including through the cytokine milieu, the availability of key receptors, via tailored intracellular signalling cascades, dedicated transcription factors and even by directly modulating gene accessibility and expression; the latter is more commonly known as epigenetic regulation. In recent years, epigenetic regulators have begun to emerge as key players involved in modulating the immune system. Among these, the lysine methyltransferase DOT1L has gained significant attention for its involvement in orchestrating immune cell formation and function. In this review we provide an overview of the role of DOT1L across the immune system and the implications of this role on health and disease. We begin by elucidating the general mechanisms of DOT1L-mediated histone methylation and its impact on gene expression within immune cells. Subsequently, we provide a detailed and comprehensive overview of recent studies that identify DOT1L as a crucial regulator of immune cell development, differentiation, and activation. Next, we discuss the potential mechanisms of DOT1L-mediated regulation of immune cell function and shed light on how DOT1L might be contributing to immune cell homeostasis and dysfunction. We then provide food for thought by highlighting some of the current obstacles and technical limitations precluding a more in-depth elucidation of DOT1L's role. Finally, we explore the potential therapeutic implications of targeting DOT1L in the context of immune-related diseases and discuss ongoing research efforts to this end. Overall, this review consolidates the current paradigm regarding DOT1L's role across the immune network and emphasises its critical role in governing the healthy immune system and its potential as a novel therapeutic target for immune-related diseases. A deeper understanding of DOT1L's immunomodulatory functions could pave the way for innovative therapeutic approaches which fine-tune the immune response to enhance or restore human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam Kealy
- Immunity Program, The Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Jessica Runting
- Immunity Program, The Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Daniel Thiele
- Immunity Program, The Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Sebastian Scheer
- Immunity Program, The Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
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Lu X. Regulation of endogenous retroviruses in murine embryonic stem cells and early embryos. J Mol Cell Biol 2024; 15:mjad052. [PMID: 37604781 PMCID: PMC10794949 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjad052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are important components of transposable elements that constitute ∼40% of the mouse genome. ERVs exhibit dynamic expression patterns during early embryonic development and are engaged in numerous biological processes. Therefore, ERV expression must be closely monitored in cells. Most studies have focused on the regulation of ERV expression in mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and during early embryonic development. This review touches on the classification, expression, and functions of ERVs in mouse ESCs and early embryos and mainly discusses ERV modulation strategies from the perspectives of transcription, epigenetic modification, nucleosome/chromatin assembly, and post-transcriptional control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
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Izzo A, Akol I, Villarreal A, Lebel S, Garcia-Miralles M, Cheffer A, Bovio P, Heidrich S, Vogel T. Nucleophosmin 1 cooperates with the methyltransferase DOT1L to preserve peri-nucleolar heterochromatin organization by regulating H3K27me3 levels and DNA repeats expression. Epigenetics Chromatin 2023; 16:36. [PMID: 37759327 PMCID: PMC10537513 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-023-00511-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND NPM1 is a phosphoprotein highly abundant in the nucleolus. However, additional nuclear functions have been attributed to NPM1, probably through interaction with other nuclear factors. DOT1L is one interaction partner of NPM1 that catalyzes methylation of histone H3 at lysine 79 (H3K79). DOT1L, playing functional roles in several biological processes, is known for its capability to organize and regulate chromatin. For example, DOT1L modulates DNA repeats expression within peri-nucleolar heterochromatin. NPM1 also affects peri-nucleolar heterochromatin spatial organization. However, it is unclear as of yet whether NPM1 and DOT1L functionally synergize to preserve nucleoli organization and genome stability, and generally, which molecular mechanisms would be involved. RESULTS We characterized the nuclear function of NPM1 on peri-nucleolar heterochromatin organization. We show that (i) monomeric NPM1 interacts preferentially with DOT1L in the nucleus; (ii) NPM1 acts in concert with DOT1L to maintain each other's protein homeostasis; (iii) NPM1 depletion results in H3K79me2 upregulation and differential enrichment at chromatin binding genes including Ezh2; (iv) NPM1 and DOT1L modulate DNA repeats expression and peri-nucleolar heterochromatin organization via epigenetic mechanisms dependent on H3K27me3. CONCLUSIONS Our findings give insights into molecular mechanisms employed by NPM1 and DOT1L to regulate heterochromatin activity and structural organization around the nucleoli and shed light on one aspect of the complex role of both proteins in chromatin dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Izzo
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Molecular Embryology, Medical Faculty, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Ipek Akol
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Molecular Embryology, Medical Faculty, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Basics in NeuroModulation (NeuroModul Basics), Medical Faculty, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alejandro Villarreal
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Molecular Embryology, Medical Faculty, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Laboratorio de Neuropatología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia "Prof. E. De Robertis" UBA-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, 1121, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Shannon Lebel
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Molecular Embryology, Medical Faculty, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marta Garcia-Miralles
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Molecular Embryology, Medical Faculty, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Arquimedes Cheffer
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Molecular Embryology, Medical Faculty, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Bovio
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Molecular Embryology, Medical Faculty, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Heidrich
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Molecular Embryology, Medical Faculty, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tanja Vogel
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Molecular Embryology, Medical Faculty, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
- Center for Basics in NeuroModulation (NeuroModul Basics), Medical Faculty, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
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