1
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Zou C, Zan X, Jia Z, Zheng L, Gu Y, Liu F, Han Y, Xu C, Wu A, Zhi Q. Crosstalk between alternative splicing and inflammatory bowel disease: Basic mechanisms, biotechnological progresses and future perspectives. Clin Transl Med 2023; 13:e1479. [PMID: 37983927 PMCID: PMC10659771 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alternative splicing (AS) is an omnipresent regulatory mechanism of gene expression that enables the generation of diverse splice isoforms from a single gene. Recently, AS events have gained considerable momentum in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). METHODS Our review has summarized the complex process of RNA splicing, and firstly highlighted the potential involved molecules that target aberrant splicing events in IBD. The quantitative transcriptome analyses such as microarrays, next-generation sequencing (NGS) for AS events in IBD have been also discussed. RESULTS Available evidence suggests that some abnormal splicing RNAs can lead to multiple intestinal disorders during the onset of IBD as well as the progression to colitis-associated cancer (CAC), including gut microbiota perturbations, intestinal barrier dysfunctions, innate/adaptive immune dysregulations, pro-fibrosis activation and some other risk factors. Moreover, current data show that the advanced technologies, including microarrays and NGS, have been pioneeringly employed to screen the AS candidates and elucidate the potential regulatory mechanisms of IBD. Besides, other biotechnological progresses such as the applications of third-generation sequencing (TGS), single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and spatial transcriptomics (ST), will be desired with great expectations. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, the current review is the first one to evaluate the potential regulatory mechanisms of AS events in IBD. The expanding list of aberrantly spliced genes in IBD along with the developed technologies provide us new clues to how IBD develops, and how these important AS events can be explored for future treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chentao Zou
- Department of GastroenterologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Xinquan Zan
- Department of General SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Zhenyu Jia
- Department of GastroenterologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Lu Zheng
- Department of GastroenterologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Yijie Gu
- Department of GastroenterologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of GastroenterologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Ye Han
- Department of General SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Chunfang Xu
- Department of GastroenterologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Airong Wu
- Department of GastroenterologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Qiaoming Zhi
- Department of General SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
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2
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Zheng Y, Zhong G, He C, Li M. Targeted splicing therapy: new strategies for colorectal cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1222932. [PMID: 37664052 PMCID: PMC10470845 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1222932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA splicing is the process of forming mature mRNA, which is an essential phase necessary for gene expression and controls many aspects of cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation. Abnormal gene-splicing events are closely related to the development of tumors, and the generation of oncogenic isoform in splicing can promote tumor progression. As a main process of tumor-specific splicing variants, alternative splicing (AS) can promote tumor progression by increasing the production of oncogenic splicing isoforms and/or reducing the production of normal splicing isoforms. This is the focus of current research on the regulation of aberrant tumor splicing. So far, AS has been found to be associated with various aspects of tumor biology, including cell proliferation and invasion, resistance to apoptosis, and sensitivity to different chemotherapeutic drugs. This article will review the abnormal splicing events in colorectal cancer (CRC), especially the tumor-associated splicing variants arising from AS, aiming to offer an insight into CRC-targeted splicing therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chengcheng He
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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3
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Liu Y, Huang W, Gao X, Kuang F. Regulation between two alternative splicing isoforms ZNF148 FL and ZNF148 ΔN, and their roles in the apoptosis and invasion of colorectal cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2018; 215:272-277. [PMID: 30463804 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2018.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of two alternative splicing isoforms of zinc finger protein (ZNF) 148 gene on the invasion and metastasis of human colorectal cancer (CRC) cells and their related mechanisms. METHODS Quantitative RT-PCR assays were used to detect the expression of twoZNF148 alternative splicing isoforms in SW480 cells. ZNF148FL-siRNA, ZNF148FL-over express vector, ZNF148ΔN-siRNA, and ZNF148ΔN-over express vector were introduced into SW480 cells. The transfection efficiency was confirmed by RT-PCR. The proliferation, invasion, and migration in vitro as well as the apoptosis of SW480 cells were detected by MTT, transwell, scratch assay and flow cytometry, respectively. RESULTS Both ZNF148FL and ZNF148ΔN were expressed in SW480 cells, and the level of ZNF148FL protein was higher than ZNF148ΔN. After ZNF148FL-siRNA and ZNF148ΔN-over express transfection, the expression level of ZNF148FL and ZNF148ΔN were significantly decreased and increased, respectively. In contrast, the expression of ZNF148FL and ZNF148ΔN were significantly increased and decreased, respectively, after ZNF148FL-over express and ZNF148ΔN-siRNA transfection (all P < 0.05). The proliferation of SW480 cells was increased in ZNF148FL-over express group and the ZNF148ΔN-siRNA group, while decreased in ZNF148FL-siRNA group and ZNF148ΔN-over express group. The invaded cell number and migrated distance in ZNF148FL-siRNA group and ZNF148ΔN-over express group were significantly decreased, but the apoptotic rate was significantly increased. In contrast, ZNF148FL-over express and ZNF148ΔN-siRNA group showed the significantly increased ability of invasion and migration but decreased apoptosis rate (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSION ZNF148FL could increase proliferation, invasion, and migration of CRC cells, while ZNF148ΔN showed opposite effect; the two splicing isoforms of ZNF148 may exert a mutual antagonistic effect to each other on the malignant biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuee Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Changhai Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangxi Province Children's hospital, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Xianhua Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Changhai Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai 200433, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangxi Province Children's hospital, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Fei Kuang
- Department of General Surgery, Changhai Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai 200433, China.
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4
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Nilton A, Sayin VI, Zou ZV, Sayin SI, Bondjers C, Gul N, Agren P, Fogelstrand P, Nilsson O, Bergo MO, Lindahl P. Targeting Zfp148 activates p53 and reduces tumor initiation in the gut. Oncotarget 2018; 7:56183-56192. [PMID: 27487143 PMCID: PMC5302905 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor Zinc finger protein 148 (Zfp148, ZBP-89, BFCOL, BERF1, htβ) interacts physically with the tumor suppressor p53, but the significance of this interaction is not known. We recently showed that knockout of Zfp148 in mice leads to ectopic activation of p53 in some tissues and cultured fibroblasts, suggesting that Zfp148 represses p53 activity. Here we hypothesize that targeting Zfp148 would unleash p53 activity and protect against cancer development, and test this idea in the APCMin/+ mouse model of intestinal adenomas. Loss of one copy of Zfp148 markedly reduced tumor numbers and tumor-associated intestinal bleedings, and improved survival. Furthermore, after activation of β-catenin-the initiating event in colorectal cancer-Zfp148 deficiency activated p53 and induced apoptosis in intestinal explants of APCMin/+ mice. The anti-tumor effect of targeting Zfp148 depended on p53, as Zfp148 deficiency did not affect tumor numbers in APCMin/+ mice lacking one or both copies of Trp53. The results suggest that Zfp148 controls the fate of newly transformed intestinal tumor cells by repressing p53 and that targeting Zfp148 might be useful in the treatment of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Nilton
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Volkan I Sayin
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedicine, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Zhiyuan V Zou
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sama I Sayin
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Bondjers
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Nadia Gul
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pia Agren
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Per Fogelstrand
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ola Nilsson
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Pathology and Genetics, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Martin O Bergo
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Per Lindahl
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedicine, Gothenburg, Sweden
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5
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Raschellà G, Melino G, Malewicz M. New factors in mammalian DNA repair-the chromatin connection. Oncogene 2017; 36:4673-4681. [PMID: 28394347 PMCID: PMC5562846 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In response to DNA damage mammalian cells activate a complex network of stress response pathways collectively termed DNA damage response (DDR). DDR involves a temporary arrest of the cell cycle to allow for the repair of the damage. DDR also attenuates gene expression by silencing global transcription and translation. Main function of DDR is, however, to prevent the fixation of debilitating changes to DNA by activation of various DNA repair pathways. Proper execution of DDR requires careful coordination between these interdependent cellular responses. Deregulation of some aspects of DDR orchestration is potentially pathological and could lead to various undesired outcomes such as DNA translocations, cellular transformation or acute cell death. It is thus critical to understand the regulation of DDR in cells especially in the light of a strong linkage between the DDR impairment and the occurrence of common human diseases such as cancer. In this review we focus on recent advances in understanding of mammalian DNA repair regulation and a on the function of PAXX/c9orf142 and ZNF281 proteins that recently had been discovered to play a role in that process. We focus on regulation of double-strand DNA break (DSB) repair via the non-homologous end joining pathway, as unrepaired DSBs are the primary cause of pathological cellular states after DNA damage. Interestingly these new factors operate at the level of chromatin, which reinforces a notion of a central role of chromatin structure in the regulation of cellular DDR regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Raschellà
- ENEA Research Center Casaccia, Laboratory of Biosafety and Risk Assessment, Rome, Italy
| | - G Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine &Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,MRC Toxicology Unit, Hodgkin Building, Leicester, UK
| | - M Malewicz
- MRC Toxicology Unit, Hodgkin Building, Leicester, UK
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6
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Essien BE, Sundaresan S, Ocadiz-Ruiz R, Chavis A, Tsao AC, Tessier AJ, Hayes MM, Photenhauer A, Saqui-Salces M, Kang AJ, Shah YM, Győrffy B, Merchant JL. Transcription Factor ZBP-89 Drives a Feedforward Loop of β-Catenin Expression in Colorectal Cancer. Cancer Res 2016; 76:6877-6887. [PMID: 27758879 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-3150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
In colorectal cancer, APC-mediated induction of unregulated cell growth involves posttranslational mechanisms that prevent proteasomal degradation of proto-oncogene β-catenin (CTNNB1) and its eventual translocation to the nucleus. However, about 10% of colorectal tumors also exhibit increased CTNNB1 mRNA. Here, we show in colorectal cancer that increased expression of ZNF148, the gene coding for transcription factor ZBP-89, correlated with reduced patient survival. Tissue arrays showed that ZBP-89 protein was overexpressed in the early stages of colorectal cancer. Conditional deletion of Zfp148 in a mouse model of Apc-mediated intestinal polyps demonstrated that ZBP-89 was required for polyp formation due to induction of Ctnnb1 gene expression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and EMSA identified a ZBP-89-binding site in the proximal promoter of CTNNB1 Reciprocally, siRNA-mediated reduction of CTNNB1 expression also decreased ZBP-89 protein. ChIP identified TCF DNA binding sites in the ZNF148 promoter through which Wnt signaling regulates ZNF148 gene expression. Suppression of either ZNF148 or CTNNB1 reduced colony formation in WNT-dependent, but not WNT-independent cell lines. Therefore, the increase in intracellular β-catenin protein initiated by APC mutations is sustained by ZBP-89-mediated feedforward induction of CTNNB1 mRNA. Cancer Res; 76(23); 6877-87. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan E Essien
- Department of Internal Medicine-Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Sinju Sundaresan
- Department of Internal Medicine-Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Ramon Ocadiz-Ruiz
- Department of Internal Medicine-Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Aaron Chavis
- Department of Internal Medicine-Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Amy C Tsao
- Department of Internal Medicine-Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Arthur J Tessier
- Department of Internal Medicine-Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Michael M Hayes
- Department of Internal Medicine-Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Amanda Photenhauer
- Department of Internal Medicine-Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Milena Saqui-Salces
- Department of Internal Medicine-Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Anthony J Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine-Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Yatrik M Shah
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Balazs Győrffy
- MTA TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Juanita L Merchant
- Department of Internal Medicine-Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan. .,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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7
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Hahn S, Hermeking H. ZNF281/ZBP-99: a new player in epithelial-mesenchymal transition, stemness, and cancer. J Mol Med (Berl) 2014; 92:571-81. [PMID: 24838609 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-014-1160-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) represents an important mechanism during development and wound healing, and its deregulation has been implicated in metastasis. Recently, the Krüppel-type zinc-finger transcription factor ZNF281 has been characterized as an EMT-inducing transcription factor (EMT-TF). Expression of ZNF281 is induced by the EMT-TF SNAIL and inhibited by the tumor suppressive microRNA miR-34a, which mediates repression of ZNF281 by the p53 tumor suppressor. Therefore, SNAIL, miR-34a and ZNF281 form a feed-forward regulatory loop, which controls EMT. Deregulation of this circuitry by mutational and epigenetic alterations in the p53/miR-34a axis promotes colorectal cancer (CRC) progression and metastasis formation. As ZNF281 physically interacts with the transcription factors NANOG, OCT4, SOX2, and c-MYC, it has been implicated in the regulation of pluripotency, stemness, and cancer. Accordingly, ectopic ZNF281 expression in CRC lines induces the stemness markers LGR5 and CD133 and promotes sphere formation, suggesting that the elevated expression of ZNF281 detected in cancer may enhance tumor stem cell formation and/or function. Here, we review the functional and organismal studies of ZNF281/ZBP-99 and its close relative ZBP-89/ZFP148 reported so far. Taken together, ZNF281 related biology has the potential to be translated into cancer diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Hahn
- Experimental and Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Thalkirchner Strasse 36, 80337, Munich, Germany
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8
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Sayin VI, Nilton A, Ibrahim MX, Ågren P, Larsson E, Petit MM, Hultén LM, Ståhlman M, Johansson BR, Bergo MO, Lindahl P. Zfp148 deficiency causes lung maturation defects and lethality in newborn mice that are rescued by deletion of p53 or antioxidant treatment. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55720. [PMID: 23405202 PMCID: PMC3566028 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor Zfp148 (Zbp-89, BFCOL, BERF1, htβ) interacts physically with the tumor suppressor p53 and is implicated in cell cycle control, but the physiological role of Zfp148 remains unknown. Here we show that Zfp148 deficiency leads to respiratory distress and lethality in newborn mice. Zfp148 deficiency prevented structural maturation of the prenatal lung without affecting type II cell differentiation or surfactant production. BrdU analyses revealed that Zfp148 deficiency caused proliferation arrest of pulmonary cells at E18.5–19.5. Similarly, Zfp148-deficient fibroblasts exhibited proliferative arrest that was dependent on p53, raising the possibility that cell stress is part of the underlying mechanism. Indeed, Zfp148 deficiency lowered the threshold for activation of p53 under oxidative conditions. Moreover, both in vivo and cellular phenotypes were rescued on Trp53+/− or Trp53−/− backgrounds and by antioxidant treatment. Thus, Zfp148 prevents respiratory distress and lethality in newborn mice by attenuating oxidative stress–dependent p53-activity during the saccular stage of lung development. Our results establish Zfp148 as a novel player in mammalian lung maturation and demonstrate that Zfp148 is critical for cell cycle progression in vivo.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Antioxidants/pharmacology
- Apoptosis
- Blotting, Southern
- Blotting, Western
- Cell Cycle
- Cell Proliferation
- Cells, Cultured
- DNA-Binding Proteins/physiology
- Embryo, Mammalian/cytology
- Embryo, Mammalian/drug effects
- Embryo, Mammalian/metabolism
- Female
- Fibroblasts/cytology
- Fibroblasts/drug effects
- Fibroblasts/metabolism
- Gene Deletion
- Genes, Lethal
- Immunoenzyme Techniques
- Lung/drug effects
- Lung/embryology
- Lung/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Oxidative Stress/drug effects
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Respiratory Tract Diseases/genetics
- Respiratory Tract Diseases/pathology
- Respiratory Tract Diseases/prevention & control
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Transcription Factors/physiology
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/deficiency
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Volkan I. Sayin
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Nilton
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mohamed X. Ibrahim
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pia Ågren
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Erik Larsson
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marleen M. Petit
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lillemor Mattsson Hultén
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marcus Ståhlman
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bengt R. Johansson
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Martin O. Bergo
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Per Lindahl
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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9
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Mor-Vaknin N, Legendre M, Yu Y, Serezani CHC, Garg SK, Jatzek A, Swanson MD, Gonzalez-Hernandez MJ, Teitz-Tennenbaum S, Punturieri A, Engleberg NC, Banerjee R, Peters-Golden M, Kao JY, Markovitz DM. Murine colitis is mediated by vimentin. Sci Rep 2013; 3:1045. [PMID: 23304436 PMCID: PMC3540396 DOI: 10.1038/srep01045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Vimentin, an abundant intermediate filament protein, presumably has an important role in stabilizing intracellular architecture, but its function is otherwise poorly understood. In a vimentin knockout (Vim KO) mouse model, we note that Vim KO mice challenged with intraperitoneal Escherichia coli control bacterial infection better than do wild-type (WT) mice. In vitro, Vim KO phagocytes show significantly increased capacity to mediate bacterial killing by abundant production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxides, likely due to interactions with the p47phox active subunit of NADPH oxidase. In acute colitis induced by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS), Vim KO mice develop significantly less gut inflammation than do WT mice. Further, Vim KO mice have markedly decreased bacterial extravasation in the setting of DSS-induced acute colitis, consistent with decreased intestinal disease. Our results suggest that vimentin impedes bacterial killing and production of ROS, thereby contributing to the pathogenesis of acute colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirit Mor-Vaknin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5640, USA.
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10
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Berndt BE, Zhang M, Owyang SY, Cole TS, Wang TW, Luther J, Veniaminova NA, Merchant JL, Chen CC, Huffnagle GB, Kao JY. Butyrate increases IL-23 production by stimulated dendritic cells. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2012; 303:G1384-92. [PMID: 23086919 PMCID: PMC3532546 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00540.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiota is essential for the maintenance of intestinal immune homeostasis and is responsible for breaking down dietary fiber into short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Butyrate, the most abundant bioactive SCFA in the gut, is a histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi), a class of drug that has potent immunomodulatory properties. This characteristic of butyrate, along with our previous discovery that conventional dendritic cells (DCs) are required for the development of experimental colitis, led us to speculate that butyrate may modulate DC function to regulate gut mucosal homeostasis. We found that butyrate, in addition to suppressing LPS-induced bone marrow-derived DC maturation and inhibiting DC IL-12 production, significantly induced IL-23 expression. The upregulation of mRNA subunit IL-23p19 at the pretranslational level was consistent with the role of HDACi on the epigenetic modification of gene expression. Furthermore, the mechanism of IL-23p19 upregulation was independent of Stat3 and ZBP89. Coculture of splenocytes with LPS-stimulated DCs pretreated with or without butyrate was performed and showed a significant induction of IL-17 and IL-10. We demonstrated further the effect of butyrate in vivo using dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis and found that the addition of butyrate in the drinking water of mice worsened DSS-colitis. This is in contrast to the daily intraperitoneal butyrate injection of DSS-treated mice, which mildly improved disease severity. Our study highlights a novel effect of butyrate in upregulating IL-23 production of activated DCs and demonstrates a difference in the host response to the oral vs. systemic route of butyrate administration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Natalia A. Veniaminova
- 3Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan;
| | - Juanita L. Merchant
- Divisions of 1 Gastroenterology and ,3Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan;
| | - Chun-Chia Chen
- 4Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital and National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Gary B. Huffnagle
- 2Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and
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11
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Zhang CZY, Cao Y, Yun JP, Chen GG, Lai PBS. Increased expression of ZBP-89 and its prognostic significance in hepatocellular carcinoma. Histopathology 2012; 60:1114-24. [PMID: 22372401 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2011.04136.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
AIMS ZBP-89 plays a role in cell growth and death. Its expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is not well documented. This study aimed to analyse ZBP-89 expression in HCC. METHODS AND RESULTS We examined ZBP-89 expression in five HCC cell lines and 182 HCC tissue samples by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence staining. Our results showed that the expression of ZBP-89 was higher in HCC than adjacent non-tumour liver, at both mRNA and protein levels. ZBP-89 was localized in the nucleus in most HCC tissue samples, but was found in the cytoplasm in 11.5% of cases. Patient survival in those tumours showing high ZBP-89 expression was better than in those with low expression. High ZBP-89 expression tended to be more common in World Health Organization (WHO) grade I than grades II-IV HCC. There was a significant association between HBV positivity and high ZBP-89 expression. Colony formation was reduced dramatically in those HCC cell lines in which ZBP-89 overexpression was demonstrated; this appeared to correlate with increased apoptosis, inferred by finding elevated levels of cleaved poly(ADP-ribose)polymerases (PARP), the probable mechanisms for which may involve increased p53 or p21 expression. CONCLUSIONS ZBP-89 has anti-tumour properties and is a potential biomarker for prognosis of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Z Y Zhang
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong
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12
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Haritunians T, Jones MR, McGovern DP, Shih DQ, Barrett RJ, Derkowski C, Dubinsky MC, Dutridge D, Fleshner PR, Ippoliti A, King L, Leshinsky-Silver E, Levine A, Melmed GY, Mengesha E, Vasilauskas EA, Ziaee S, Rotter JI, Targan SR, Taylor KD. Variants in ZNF365 isoform D are associated with Crohn's disease. Gut 2011; 60:1060-7. [PMID: 21257989 PMCID: PMC3250380 DOI: 10.1136/gut.2010.227256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Genome-wide association studies have identified multiple Crohn's disease (CD) susceptibility loci, including association with non-coding intergenic single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at 10q21. DESIGN To fine-map the 10q21 locus, the authors genotyped 86 SNPs in 1632 CD cases and 961 controls and performed single-marker and conditional analyses using logistic regression. RESULTS Association with CD risk spanning 11 SNPs (p<0.001) was observed. The most significant association observed was at the non-synonymous SNP, rs7076156 (Ala62Thr), in ZNF365. The alanine allele was over-represented in CD (p=5.23×10⁻⁷; OR=1.39 (95% CI 1.22 to 1.58)); allele frequency of 76% in CD and 69.7% in controls). Conditional analysis on rs7076156 nullified all other significant associations, suggesting that this is the causative variant at this locus. Four isoforms of ZNF365 have previously been identified, and rs7076156 is located in an exon unique to ZNF365 isoform D. The authors demonstrated, using reverse transcription-PCR, expression of ZNF365D in intestinal resections from both CD subjects and controls. Markedly reduced mean expression levels of ZNF365D were identified in Epstein-Barr virus-transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines from CD subjects homozygous for the risk allele (Ala). A whole-genome microarray expression study further suggested that the Ala62Thr change in ZNF365 isoform D is related to differential expression of the genes ARL4A, MKKS, RRAGD, SUMF2, TDR1 and ZNF148 in CD. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these data support the hypothesis that the non-synonymous Ala62Thr SNP, rs7076156, underlies the association between 10q21 and CD risk and suggest that this SNP acts by altering expression of genes under the control of ZNF365 isoform D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talin Haritunians
- Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
| | - Michelle R. Jones
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA,Graduate Program in Biomedical Science and Translational Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Dermot P.B. McGovern
- Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA,Graduate Program in Biomedical Science and Translational Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA,Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - David Q. Shih
- Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Robert J. Barrett
- Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Carrie Derkowski
- Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Marla C. Dubinsky
- Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Debra Dutridge
- Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Phillip R. Fleshner
- Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Andrew Ippoliti
- Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Lily King
- Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | | | - Arie Levine
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Wolfson Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Gil Y. Melmed
- Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Emebet Mengesha
- Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Eric A. Vasilauskas
- Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Shabnam Ziaee
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Science and Translational Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA,Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Jerome I. Rotter
- Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Stephan R. Targan
- Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Kent D. Taylor
- Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
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13
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Katukuri VK, Hargrove J, Miller SJ, Rahal K, Kao JY, Wolters R, Zimmermann EM, Wang TD. Detection of colonic inflammation with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy using a flexible silver halide fiber. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2010; 1:1014-1025. [PMID: 21258526 PMCID: PMC3018051 DOI: 10.1364/boe.1.001014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2010] [Revised: 09/16/2010] [Accepted: 09/19/2010] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Persistent colonic inflammation increases risk for cancer, but mucosal appearance on conventional endoscopy correlates poorly with histology. Here we demonstrate the use of a flexible silver halide fiber to collect mid-infrared absorption spectra and an interval model to distinguish colitis from normal mucosa in dextran sulfate sodium treated mice. The spectral regime between 950 and 1800 cm(-1) was collected from excised colonic specimens and compared with histology. Our model identified 3 sub-ranges that optimize the classification results, and the performance for detecting inflammation resulted in a sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and positive predictive value of 92%, 88%, 90%, and 88%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay K. Katukuri
- Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place,
Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - Sharon J. Miller
- Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place,
Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Kinan Rahal
- Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place,
Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - John Y. Kao
- Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place,
Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - Ellen M. Zimmermann
- Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place,
Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Thomas D. Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place,
Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place,
Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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14
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Zhang CZY, Chen GG, Lai PBS. Transcription factor ZBP-89 in cancer growth and apoptosis. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2010; 1806:36-41. [PMID: 20230874 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2010.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2009] [Revised: 02/25/2010] [Accepted: 03/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
ZBP-89, a Krüppel-type zinc-finger transcription factor that binds to GC-rich sequences, is involved in the regulation of cell growth and cell death. It maps to chromosome 3q21 and is composed of 794 residues. Having bifunctional regulatory domains, ZBP-89 may function as a transcriptional activator or repressor of variety of genes such as p16 and vimentin. ZBP-89 arrests cell proliferation through its interactions with p53 and p21(waf1). It is able to stabilize p53 through directly binding and enhance p53 transcriptional activity by retaining it in the nucleus. In addition, ZBP-89 potentiates in butyrate-induced endogenous p21(waf1) up-regulation. ZBP-89 is usually over-expressed in human cancer cells, where it can efficiently induce apoptosis through p53-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Moreover, ZBP-89 is capable of enhancing killing effects of several anti-cancer drugs. Therefore, ZBP-89 may be served as a potential target in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Z Y Zhang
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
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15
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Huang TH, Zhu MJ, Li XY, Zhao SH. Discovery of porcine microRNAs and profiling from skeletal muscle tissues during development. PLoS One 2008; 3:e3225. [PMID: 18795099 PMCID: PMC2528944 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0003225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2008] [Accepted: 08/15/2008] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
MiRNAs (microRNAs) play critical roles in many important biological processes such as growth and development in mammals. In this study, we identified hundreds of porcine miRNA candidates through in silico prediction and analyzed their expression in developing skeletal muscle using microarray. Microarray screening using RNA samples prepared from a 33-day whole embryo and an extra embryo membrane validated 296 of the predicted candidates. Comparative expression profiling across samples of longissimus muscle collected from 33-day and 65-day post-gestation fetuses, as well as adult pigs, identified 140 differentially expressed miRNAs amongst the age groups investigated. The differentially expressed miRNAs showed seven distinctive types of expression patterns, suggesting possible involvement in certain biological processes. Five of the differentially expressed miRNAs were validated using real-time PCR. In silico analysis of the miRNA-mRNA interaction sites suggested that the potential mRNA targets of the differentially expressed miRNAs may play important roles in muscle growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Hua Huang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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16
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Berndt BE, Zhang M, Chen GH, Huffnagle GB, Kao JY. The role of dendritic cells in the development of acute dextran sulfate sodium colitis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2007; 179:6255-62. [PMID: 17947701 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.179.9.6255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are essential mediators of the host immune response to surrounding microbes. In this study, we investigate the role of DCs in the pathogenesis of a widely used colitis model, dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis. The effect of dextran sulfate sodium on the production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines by bone marrow-derived DCs (BM-DCs) was analyzed. BM-DCs were adoptively transferred into C57BL/6 mice or DCs were ablated using transgenic CD11c-DTR/GFP mice before treatment with 5% dextran sulfate sodium in drinking water. We found that dextran sulfate sodium induced production of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-12 and TNF-alpha) and chemokines (KC, MIP-1alpha, MIP-2, and MCP-1) by DCs. Adoptive transfer of BM-DCs exacerbated dextran sulfate sodium colitis while ablation of DCs attenuated the colitis. We conclude that DCs are critical in the development of acute dextran sulfate sodium colitis and may serve a key role in immune balance of the gut mucosa.
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17
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Chupreta S, Brevig H, Bai L, Merchant JL, Iñiguez-Lluhí JA. Sumoylation-dependent control of homotypic and heterotypic synergy by the Kruppel-type zinc finger protein ZBP-89. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:36155-66. [PMID: 17940278 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m708130200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The Krüppel-like transcription factor ZBP-89 is a sequence-specific regulator that plays key roles in cellular growth and differentiation especially in endodermal and germ cell lineages. ZBP-89 shares with other members of the Sp-like family an overlapping sequence specificity for GC-rich sequences in the regulatory regions of multiple genes. Defining the mechanisms that govern the intrinsic function of ZBP-89 as well as its competitive and non-competitive functional interactions with other regulators is central to understand how ZBP-89 exerts its biological functions. We now describe that post-translational modification of ZBP-89 by multiple small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) isoforms occurs at two conserved synergy control motifs flanking the DNA binding domain. Functionally sumoylation did not directly alter the ability of ZBP-89 to compete with other Sp-like factors from individual sites. At promoters bearing multiple response elements, however, this modification inhibited the functional cooperation between ZBP-89 and Sp1. Analysis of the properties of ZBP-89 in cellular contexts devoid of competing factors indicated that although on its own it behaves as a modest activator it potently synergizes with heterologous activators such as the glucocorticoid receptor. Notably we found that when conjugated to ZBP-89, SUMO exerts a strong inhibitory effect on such synergistic interactions through a critical conserved functional surface. By regulating higher order functional interactions, sumoylation provides a reversible post-translational mechanism to control the activity of ZBP-89.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Chupreta
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0632, USA
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18
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Zou M, Guan Y, Ren H, Zhang F, Chen F. Characterization of alternative splicing products of bZIP transcription factors OsABI5. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 360:307-13. [PMID: 17604002 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.05.226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2007] [Accepted: 05/31/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Alternative splicing allows many gene products to alter their biological functions. A bZIP-type transcription factor, OsABI5, undergoes alternative splicing. Two OsABI5 splicing variants were identified, designated OsABI5-1, and OsABI5-2 and their different expression patterns in tissues were analyzed. Despite a completely identical functional domain, OsABI5-2 could specifically bind to G-box element, but OsABI5-1 could not; the transactivation activity of OsABI5-1 was higher than that of OsABI5-2; the interaction strength of OsABI5-2 and OsVP1 was stronger than that of OsABI5-1 and OsVP1; indicating a different function in the regulation of downstream target genes. Complementation tests and ABA (abscisic acid) hypersensitivity of Arabidopsis transgenic lines revealed the redundant function of OsABI5 splicing variants in ABA signaling. The interaction between OsABI5-1 and OsABI5-2 was also confirmed. These results suggest that OsABI5 variants may have overlapping and distinct functions to fine tune gene expression in ABA signaling as transcription factors together with OsVP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijuan Zou
- National Centre for Plant Gene Research, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, South 1-3, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100080, PR China
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19
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Tress ML, Martelli PL, Frankish A, Reeves GA, Wesselink JJ, Yeats C, Ólason PĹ, Albrecht M, Hegyi H, Giorgetti A, Raimondo D, Lagarde J, Laskowski RA, López G, Sadowski MI, Watson JD, Fariselli P, Rossi I, Nagy A, Kai W, Størling Z, Orsini M, Assenov Y, Blankenburg H, Huthmacher C, Ramírez F, Schlicker A, Denoeud F, Jones P, Kerrien S, Orchard S, Antonarakis SE, Reymond A, Birney E, Brunak S, Casadio R, Guigo R, Harrow J, Hermjakob H, Jones DT, Lengauer T, A. Orengo C, Patthy L, Thornton JM, Tramontano A, Valencia A. The implications of alternative splicing in the ENCODE protein complement. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:5495-500. [PMID: 17372197 PMCID: PMC1838448 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0700800104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2006] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative premessenger RNA splicing enables genes to generate more than one gene product. Splicing events that occur within protein coding regions have the potential to alter the biological function of the expressed protein and even to create new protein functions. Alternative splicing has been suggested as one explanation for the discrepancy between the number of human genes and functional complexity. Here, we carry out a detailed study of the alternatively spliced gene products annotated in the ENCODE pilot project. We find that alternative splicing in human genes is more frequent than has commonly been suggested, and we demonstrate that many of the potential alternative gene products will have markedly different structure and function from their constitutively spliced counterparts. For the vast majority of these alternative isoforms, little evidence exists to suggest they have a role as functional proteins, and it seems unlikely that the spectrum of conventional enzymatic or structural functions can be substantially extended through alternative splicing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L. Tress
- Structural Computational Biology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Adam Frankish
- HAVANA Group, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Gabrielle A. Reeves
- European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, United Kingdom
| | - Jan Jaap Wesselink
- Structural Computational Biology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Corin Yeats
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and
| | - Páll ĺsólfur Ólason
- Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, BioCentrum-DTU, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mario Albrecht
- Max Planck Institute for Informatics, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Hedi Hegyi
- Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Alejandro Giorgetti
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, University of Rome “La Sapienza,” 2-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico Raimondo
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, University of Rome “La Sapienza,” 2-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Julien Lagarde
- Research Unit on Biomedical Informatics, Institut Municipal d'Investigació Mèdica, E-8003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roman A. Laskowski
- European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, United Kingdom
| | - Gonzalo López
- Structural Computational Biology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Michael I. Sadowski
- Bioinformatics Unit, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - James D. Watson
- European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, United Kingdom
| | - Piero Fariselli
- Department of Biology, University of Bologna, 33-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Ivan Rossi
- Department of Biology, University of Bologna, 33-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alinda Nagy
- Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Wang Kai
- Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, BioCentrum-DTU, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Zenia Størling
- Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, BioCentrum-DTU, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Massimiliano Orsini
- Center for Advanced Studies, Research and Development in Sardinia (CRS4), 09010 Pula, Italy
| | - Yassen Assenov
- Max Planck Institute for Informatics, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | | | | | - Fidel Ramírez
- Max Planck Institute for Informatics, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | | | - France Denoeud
- Research Unit on Biomedical Informatics, Institut Municipal d'Investigació Mèdica, E-8003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Phil Jones
- European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel Kerrien
- European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, United Kingdom
| | - Sandra Orchard
- European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, United Kingdom
| | - Stylianos E. Antonarakis
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Reymond
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Genopode building, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; and
| | - Ewan Birney
- European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, United Kingdom
| | - Søren Brunak
- Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, BioCentrum-DTU, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Rita Casadio
- Department of Biology, University of Bologna, 33-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Roderic Guigo
- Research Unit on Biomedical Informatics, Institut Municipal d'Investigació Mèdica, E-8003 Barcelona, Spain
- Centre de Regulació Genòmica, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jennifer Harrow
- HAVANA Group, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Henning Hermjakob
- European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, United Kingdom
| | - David T. Jones
- Bioinformatics Unit, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Lengauer
- Max Planck Institute for Informatics, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | | | - László Patthy
- Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Janet M. Thornton
- European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, United Kingdom
| | | | - Alfonso Valencia
- Structural Computational Biology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
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20
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Law DJ, Labut EM, Merchant JL. Intestinal overexpression of ZNF148 suppresses ApcMin/+ neoplasia. Mamm Genome 2006; 17:999-1004. [PMID: 17019648 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-006-0052-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2006] [Accepted: 05/22/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
ZNF148 (ZBP-89, Zfp148) is a multifunctional transcription factor expressed at low levels in most tissues. When overexpressed in gastrointestinal cancer cell lines, ZNF148 inhibits cellular proliferation and induces apoptosis. We sought to determine whether intestinal ZNF148 overexpression would abrogate adenoma development in the ApcMin/+ mouse, i.e., whether ZNF148 is a tumor suppressor. The 13-kb villin promoter was spliced upstream of the ZNF148 cDNA to generate transgenic villin-ZNF148 (ZNF148TgVZ) mice. Intestinal mucosal ZNF148 expression was elevated in four of five ZNF148(TgVZ) lineages and correlated with increased caspase-3 expression and activation. In addition, DNA fragmentation was increased in ZNF148TgVZ mice relative to wild-type littermates. These results suggested that increased intestinal ZNF148 expression induces apoptosis. ZNF148TgVZ mice were crossed with ApcMin/+ mice to assess the biological significance of intestinal ZNF148 overexpression. The presence of the ZNF148TgVZ allele in ApcMin/+ mice correlated with reduced gastrointestinal bleeding at 5 weeks, a 50% reduction in adenoma burden at 20-22 weeks, and prolonged survival (median survival of 33.5 days vs. 21.5 days), relative to nontransgenic littermates. These data suggest that enhanced ZNF148 expression activates intestinal apoptosis and thereby mitigates disease burden in ApcMin/+ mice. They also suggest that ZNF148 is a therapeutic target to inhibit colon cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Law
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109-2200, USA
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21
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Bai L, Kao JY, Law DJ, Merchant JL. Recruitment of ataxia-telangiectasia mutated to the p21(waf1) promoter by ZBP-89 plays a role in mucosal protection. Gastroenterology 2006; 131:841-52. [PMID: 16952553 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2006.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2005] [Accepted: 06/02/2006] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) induce growth arrest, apoptosis, and differentiation, particularly in colon cancer cells where they are potential chemopreventive agents. HDACi induction of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21(waf1) has been shown to require ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM). Nevertheless, how ATM participates in p21(waf1) gene expression has not been defined. METHODS In vivo protein complexes forming in response to butyrate were studied using co-immunoprecipitation and mass spectroscopy. DNA elements in the p21(waf1) promoter were analyzed in vivo by chromatin immunoprecipitation and in vitro DNA affinity precipitation assays. The expression of p21(waf1) was analyzed by immunoblots and reporter assays. RESULTS Reduction of ZBP-89 or ATM with small interfering RNAs blocked HDACi-induced p21(waf1) expression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and DNA affinity precipitation assays showed that both ZBP-89 and ATM are recruited to the GC-rich DNA elements of the p21(waf1) promoter with HDACi treatment. Co-immunoprecipitation revealed that ATM associates with ZBP-89 in an HDACi-dependent manner. Serial deletions revealed that ATM interacts with both the N-terminal and DNA binding domains of ZBP-89. Moreover, we found that immunodepletion of ZBP-89 prevented recruitment of ATM to the p21(waf1) promoter in vitro. Silencing of ZBP-89 expression blocked HDACi-induced phosphorylation of ATM(Ser1981) and p53(Ser15). ATM(Ser1981) phosphorylation in the colons of mutant mice expressing an N-terminally truncated form of ZBP-89 was not observed after ingestion of dextran sodium sulfate and correlated with exacerbation of the mucosal injury. CONCLUSIONS ZBP-89 interacts with ATM in a butyrate-dependent manner and is essential for colonic homeostasis in the setting of acute mucosal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longchuan Bai
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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