1
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Jia J, Fan H, Wan X, Fang Y, Li Z, Tang Y, Zhang Y, Huang J, Fang D. FUS reads histone H3K36me3 to regulate alternative polyadenylation. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:5549-5571. [PMID: 38499486 PMCID: PMC11162772 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkae184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Complex organisms generate differential gene expression through the same set of DNA sequences in distinct cells. The communication between chromatin and RNA regulates cellular behavior in tissues. However, little is known about how chromatin, especially histone modifications, regulates RNA polyadenylation. In this study, we found that FUS was recruited to chromatin by H3K36me3 at gene bodies. The H3K36me3 recognition of FUS was mediated by the proline residues in the ZNF domain. After these proline residues were mutated or H3K36me3 was abolished, FUS dissociated from chromatin and bound more to RNA, resulting in an increase in polyadenylation sites far from stop codons genome-wide. A proline mutation corresponding to a mutation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis contributed to the hyperactivation of mitochondria and hyperdifferentiation in mouse embryonic stem cells. These findings reveal that FUS is an H3K36me3 reader protein that links chromatin-mediated alternative polyadenylation to human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqi Jia
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Haonan Fan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Xinyi Wan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yuan Fang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Zhuoning Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yin Tang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yanjun Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Jun Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Dong Fang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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2
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Zavileyskiy LG, Pervouchine DD. Post-transcriptional Regulation of Gene Expression via Unproductive Splicing. Acta Naturae 2024; 16:4-13. [PMID: 38698955 PMCID: PMC11062102 DOI: 10.32607/actanaturae.27337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Unproductive splicing is a mechanism of post-transcriptional gene expression control in which premature stop codons are inserted into protein-coding transcripts as a result of regulated alternative splicing, leading to their degradation via the nonsense-mediated decay pathway. This mechanism is especially characteristic of RNA-binding proteins, which regulate each other's expression levels and those of other genes in multiple auto- and cross-regulatory loops. Deregulation of unproductive splicing is a cause of serious human diseases, including cancers, and is increasingly being considered as a prominent therapeutic target. This review discusses the types of unproductive splicing events, the mechanisms of auto- and cross-regulation, nonsense-mediated decay escape, and problems in identifying unproductive splice isoforms. It also provides examples of deregulation of unproductive splicing in human diseases and discusses therapeutic strategies for its correction using antisense oligonucleotides and small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. G. Zavileyskiy
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119192 Russian Federation
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, 121205 Russian Federation
| | - D. D. Pervouchine
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, 121205 Russian Federation
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3
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Acosta-Galeana I, Hernández-Martínez R, Reyes-Cruz T, Chiquete E, Aceves-Buendia JDJ. RNA-binding proteins as a common ground for neurodegeneration and inflammation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and multiple sclerosis. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1193636. [PMID: 37475885 PMCID: PMC10355071 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1193636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The neurodegenerative and inflammatory illnesses of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and multiple sclerosis were once thought to be completely distinct entities that did not share any remarkable features, but new research is beginning to reveal more information about their similarities and differences. Here, we review some of the pathophysiological features of both diseases and their experimental models: RNA-binding proteins, energy balance, protein transportation, and protein degradation at the molecular level. We make a thorough analysis on TDP-43 and hnRNP A1 dysfunction, as a possible common ground in both pathologies, establishing a potential link between neurodegeneration and pathological immunity. Furthermore, we highlight the putative variations that diverge from a common ground in an atemporal course that proposes three phases for all relevant molecular events.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tania Reyes-Cruz
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Erwin Chiquete
- Departamento de Neurología y Psiquiatría, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jose de Jesus Aceves-Buendia
- Departamento de Neurología y Psiquiatría, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
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4
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Ravnik Glavač M, Mezzavilla M, Dolinar A, Koritnik B, Glavač D. Aberrantly Expressed Hsa_circ_0060762 and CSE1L as Potential Peripheral Blood Biomarkers for ALS. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051316. [PMID: 37238987 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rapidly progressive adult-onset neurodegenerative disease that is often diagnosed with a delay due to initial non-specific symptoms. Therefore, reliable and easy-to-obtain biomarkers are an absolute necessity for earlier and more accurate diagnostics. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have already been proposed as potential biomarkers for several neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we further investigated the usefulness of circRNAs as potential biomarkers for ALS. We first performed a microarray analysis of circRNAs on peripheral blood mononuclear cells of a subset of ALS patients and controls. Among the differently expressed circRNA by microarray analysis, we selected only the ones with a host gene that harbors the highest level of conservation and genetic constraints. This selection was based on the hypothesis that genes under selective pressure and genetic constraints could have a major role in determining a trait or disease. Then we performed a linear regression between ALS cases and controls using each circRNA as a predictor variable. With a False Discovery Rate (FDR) threshold of 0.1, only six circRNAs passed the filtering and only one of them remained statistically significant after Bonferroni correction: hsa_circ_0060762 and its host gene CSE1L. Finally, we observed a significant difference in expression levels between larger sets of patients and healthy controls for both hsa_circ_0060762 and CSE1L. CSE1L is a member of the importin β family and mediates inhibition of TDP-43 aggregation; the central pathogenicity in ALS and hsa_circ_0060762 has binding sites for several miRNAs that have been already proposed as biomarkers for ALS. In addition, receiver operating characteristics curve analysis showed diagnostic potential for CSE1L and hsa_circ_0060762. Hsa_circ_0060762 and CSE1L thus represent novel potential peripheral blood biomarkers and therapeutic targets for ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Metka Ravnik Glavač
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Ana Dolinar
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Blaž Koritnik
- Institute of Clinical Neurophysiology, Division of Neurology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Damjan Glavač
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Center for Human Genetics & Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
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5
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Quek RT, Hardy KS, Walker SG, Nguyen DT, de Almeida
Magalhães T, Salic A, Gopalakrishnan SM, Silver PA, Mitchison TJ. Screen for Modulation of Nucleocapsid Protein Condensation Identifies Small Molecules with Anti-Coronavirus Activity. ACS Chem Biol 2023; 18:583-594. [PMID: 36795767 PMCID: PMC9942534 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.2c00908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Biomolecular condensates formed by liquid-liquid phase separation have been implicated in multiple diseases. Modulation of condensate dynamics by small molecules has therapeutic potential, but so far, few condensate modulators have been disclosed. The SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) protein forms phase-separated condensates that are hypothesized to play critical roles in viral replication, transcription, and packaging, suggesting that N condensation modulators might have anti-coronavirus activity across multiple strains and species. Here, we show that N proteins from all seven human coronaviruses (HCoVs) vary in their tendency to undergo phase separation when expressed in human lung epithelial cells. We developed a cell-based high-content screening platform and identified small molecules that both promote and inhibit condensation of SARS-CoV-2 N. Interestingly, these host-targeted small molecules exhibited condensate-modulatory effects across all HCoV Ns. Some have also been reported to exhibit antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2, HCoV-OC43, and HCoV-229E viral infections in cell culture. Our work reveals that the assembly dynamics of N condensates can be regulated by small molecules with therapeutic potential. Our approach allows for screening based on viral genome sequences alone and might enable rapid paths to drug discovery with value for confronting future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Tong Quek
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard
Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United
States
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering,
Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115,
United States
| | - Kierra S. Hardy
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard
Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United
States
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering,
Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115,
United States
| | - Stephen G. Walker
- Drug Discovery Science and Technology,
AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United
States
| | - Dan T. Nguyen
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard
Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United
States
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering,
Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115,
United States
| | | | - Adrian Salic
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard
Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United
States
| | | | - Pamela A. Silver
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard
Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United
States
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering,
Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115,
United States
| | - Timothy J. Mitchison
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard
Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United
States
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6
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Szewczyk B, Günther R, Japtok J, Frech MJ, Naumann M, Lee HO, Hermann A. FUS ALS neurons activate major stress pathways and reduce translation as an early protective mechanism against neurodegeneration. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112025. [PMID: 36696267 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder causing progressive loss of motor neurons. Mutations in Fused in sarcoma (FUS) leading to its cytoplasmic mislocalization cause a subset of ALS. Under stress, mutant FUS localizes to stress granules (SGs)-cytoplasmic condensates composed of RNA and various proteins. Aberrant dynamics of SGs is linked to the pathology of ALS. Here, using motor neurons (MNs) derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells, we show that, in mutant FUS, MN dynamics of SGs is disturbed. Additionally, heat-shock response (HSR) and integrated stress response (ISR) involved in the regulation of SGs are upregulated in mutant MNs. HSR activation correlates with the amount of cytoplasmic FUS mislocalization. While inhibition of SG formation, translation, or ISR does not influence survival of FUS ALS neurons, proteotoxicity that cannot be compensated with the activation of stress pathways is the main driver of neurodegeneration in early FUS ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Szewczyk
- Translational Neurodegeneration Section "Albrecht Kossel", Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Rostock, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - René Günther
- Department of Neurology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE) Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Julia Japtok
- Department of Neurology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Moritz J Frech
- Translational Neurodegeneration Section "Albrecht Kossel", Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Rostock, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Marcel Naumann
- Translational Neurodegeneration Section "Albrecht Kossel", Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Rostock, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Hyun O Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Andreas Hermann
- Translational Neurodegeneration Section "Albrecht Kossel", Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Rostock, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE) Rostock/Greifswald, Rostock, Germany; Center for Transdisciplinary Neurosciences Rostock (CTNR), University Medical Center Rostock, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany.
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7
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Regulating Phase Transition in Neurodegenerative Diseases by Nuclear Import Receptors. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11071009. [PMID: 36101390 PMCID: PMC9311884 DOI: 10.3390/biology11071009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) with a low-complexity prion-like domain (PLD) can undergo aberrant phase transitions and have been implicated in neurodegenerative diseases such as ALS and FTD. Several nuclear RBPs mislocalize to cytoplasmic inclusions in disease conditions. Impairment in nucleocytoplasmic transport is another major event observed in ageing and in neurodegenerative disorders. Nuclear import receptors (NIRs) regulate the nucleocytoplasmic transport of different RBPs bearing a nuclear localization signal by restoring their nuclear localization. NIRs can also specifically dissolve or prevent the aggregation and liquid–liquid phase separation of wild-type or disease-linked mutant RBPs, due to their chaperoning activity. This review focuses on the LLPS of intrinsically disordered proteins and the role of NIRs in regulating LLPS in neurodegeneration. This review also discusses the implication of NIRs as therapeutic agents in neurogenerative diseases.
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8
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Krause LJ, Herrera MG, Winklhofer KF. The Role of Ubiquitin in Regulating Stress Granule Dynamics. Front Physiol 2022; 13:910759. [PMID: 35694405 PMCID: PMC9174786 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.910759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress granules (SGs) are dynamic, reversible biomolecular condensates, which assemble in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells under various stress conditions. Formation of SGs typically occurs upon stress-induced translational arrest and polysome disassembly. The increase in cytoplasmic mRNAs triggers the formation of a protein-RNA network that undergoes liquid-liquid phase separation when a critical interaction threshold has been reached. This adaptive stress response allows a transient shutdown of several cellular processes until the stress is removed. During the recovery from stress, SGs disassemble to re-establish cellular activities. Persistent stress and disease-related mutations in SG components favor the formation of aberrant SGs that are impaired in disassembly and prone to aggregation. Recently, posttranslational modifications of SG components have been identified as major regulators of SG dynamics. Here, we summarize new insights into the role of ubiquitination in affecting SG dynamics and clearance and discuss implications for neurodegenerative diseases linked to aberrant SG formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J. Krause
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- RESOLV Cluster of Excellence, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Maria G. Herrera
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Konstanze F. Winklhofer
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- RESOLV Cluster of Excellence, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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9
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Basu S, Rajendra KC, Alagar S, Bahadur RP. Impaired nuclear transport induced by juvenile ALS causing P525L mutation in NLS domain of FUS: A molecular mechanistic study. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2022; 1870:140766. [PMID: 35134572 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2022.140766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and fronto-temporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) are progressive neurological disorders affecting motor neurons. Cellular aggregates of fused in sarcoma (FUS) protein are found in cytoplasm of ALS and FTLD patients. Nuclear localisation signal (NLS) domain of FUS binds to Karyopherin β2 (Kapβ2), which drives nuclear transport of FUS from cytoplasm. Several pathogenic mutations are reported in FUS NLS, which are associated with its impaired nuclear transport and cytoplasmic mis-localisation. P525L mutation in NLS is most commonly found in cases of juvenile ALS (jALS), which affects individuals below 25 years of age. jALS progresses aggressively causing death within a year of its onset. This study elucidates the molecular mechanism behind jALS-causing P525L mutation hindering nuclear transport of FUS. We perform multiple molecular dynamics simulations in aqueous and hydrophobic solvent to understand the effect of the mutation at molecular level. Dynamics of Kapβ2-FUS complex is better captured in hydrophobic solvent compared to aqueous solvent. P525 and Y526 (PY-motif) of NLS exhibit fine-tuned stereochemical arrangement, which is essential for optimum Kapβ2 binding. P525L causes loss of several native contacts at interface leading to weaker binding, which promotes self-aggregation of FUS in cytoplasm. Native complex samples closed conformation, while mutant complex exhibits open conformation exposing hydrophilic residues of Kapβ2 to hydrophobic solvent. Mutant complex also fails to exhibit spring-like motion essential for its transport through nuclear pore complex. This study provides a mechanistic insight of binding affinity between NLS and Kapβ2 that inhibits self-aggregation of FUS preventing the disease condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushmita Basu
- Computational Structural Biology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - K C Rajendra
- Computational Structural Biology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Suresh Alagar
- Computational Structural Biology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Ranjit Prasad Bahadur
- Computational Structural Biology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India.
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10
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D'Ambra E, Santini T, Vitiello E, D'Uva S, Silenzi V, Morlando M, Bozzoni I. Circ-Hdgfrp3 shuttles along neurites and is trapped in aggregates formed by ALS-associated mutant FUS. iScience 2021; 24:103504. [PMID: 34934923 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
CircRNAs belong to a family of RNA molecules which are conserved in evolution, have tissue-specific expression, and are abundant in neuronal cells. Here, we define several features of circ-Hdgfrp3 and describe interesting alterations occurring in motor neurons (MNs) carrying ALS-associated FUS mutations. Through a highly sensitive in situ approach we describe that circ-Hdgfrp3 traffics along neurites, while upon oxidative stress it is retained in the perinuclear region. While in wild-type stressed MNs, circ-Hdgfrp3 localizes in stress granules (SGs), in MNs carrying mutant FUS, a higher proportion of circ-Hdgfrp3 was trapped into cytoplasmic aggregates. Upon stress removal, circ-Hdgfrp3 was easily freed from SGs whereas it was less efficiently released from FUS-aggregates. We found that the human circ-Hdgfrp3 counterpart was also similarly associated to mutant FUS-aggregates in stressed neuronal cells. Overall, the alteration of circ-Hdgfrp3 trafficking adds a further layer of complexity to the role of FUS-aggregates in ALS disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora D'Ambra
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology 'Charles Darwin', Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Center for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
| | - Tiziana Santini
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology 'Charles Darwin', Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Center for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
| | - Erika Vitiello
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology 'Charles Darwin', Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Center for Human Technology@ Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
| | - Sara D'Uva
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology 'Charles Darwin', Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Silenzi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology 'Charles Darwin', Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Center for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
| | - Mariangela Morlando
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, "Department of Excellence 2018-2022", University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Irene Bozzoni
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology 'Charles Darwin', Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Center for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
- Center for Human Technology@ Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
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11
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Lee YB, Scotter EL, Lee DY, Troakes C, Mitchell J, Rogelj B, Gallo JM, Shaw CE. Cytoplasmic TDP-43 is involved in cell fate during stress recovery. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 31:166-175. [PMID: 34378050 PMCID: PMC8743001 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Transactive response DNA binding protein 43 (TDP-43) is an RNA processing protein central to the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Nuclear TDP-43 mislocalizes in patients to the cytoplasm, where it forms ubiquitin-positive inclusions in affected neurons and glia. Physiologically, cytoplasmic TDP-43 is associated with stress granules (SGs). Here, we explored TDP-43 cytoplasmic accumulation and stress granule formation following osmotic and oxidative stress. We show that sorbitol drives TDP-43 redistribution to the cytoplasm, while arsenite induces the recruitment of cytoplasmic TDP-43 to TIA-1 positive SGs. We demonstrate that inducing acute oxidative stress after TDP-43 cytoplasmic relocalization by osmotic shock induces poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage, which triggers cellular toxicity. Recruitment of cytoplasmic TDP-43 to polyribosomes occurs in an SH-SY5Y cellular stress model and is observed in FTD brain lysate. Moreover, the processing body (P-body) marker DCP1a is detected in TDP-43 granules during recovery from stress. Overall, this study supports a central role for cytoplasmic TDP-43 in controlling protein translation in stressed cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youn-Bok Lee
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience Institute Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience Kings College, SE5 9NU, London, U.K
| | - Emma L Scotter
- Centre for Brain Research, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Do-Young Lee
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience Institute Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience Kings College, SE5 9NU, London, U.K
| | - Claire Troakes
- Basic and Clinical Neuroscience Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Denmark Hill, SE5 8AF London U.K
| | - Jacqueline Mitchell
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience Institute Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience Kings College, SE5 9NU, London, U.K
| | - Boris Rogelj
- Department of Biotechnology, Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Biomedical Research Institute BRIS, Puhova 10, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jean-Marc Gallo
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience Institute Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience Kings College, SE5 9NU, London, U.K
| | - Christopher E Shaw
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience Institute Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience Kings College, SE5 9NU, London, U.K.,UK Dementia Research Institute Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, 5 Cutcombe Road, Camberwell, SE5 9RT, London, U.K
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12
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Reber S, Jutzi D, Lindsay H, Devoy A, Mechtersheimer J, Levone BR, Domanski M, Bentmann E, Dormann D, Mühlemann O, Barabino SML, Ruepp MD. The phase separation-dependent FUS interactome reveals nuclear and cytoplasmic function of liquid-liquid phase separation. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:7713-7731. [PMID: 34233002 PMCID: PMC8287939 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) of proteins and RNAs has emerged as the driving force underlying the formation of membrane-less organelles. Such biomolecular condensates have various biological functions and have been linked to disease. The protein Fused in Sarcoma (FUS) undergoes LLPS and mutations in FUS have been causally linked to the motor neuron disease Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS-FUS). LLPS followed by aggregation of cytoplasmic FUS has been proposed to be a crucial disease mechanism. However, it is currently unclear how LLPS impacts the behaviour of FUS in cells, e.g. its interactome. Hence, we developed a method allowing for the purification of LLPS FUS-containing droplets from cell lysates. We observe substantial alterations in the interactome, depending on its biophysical state. While non-LLPS FUS interacts mainly with factors involved in pre-mRNA processing, LLPS FUS predominantly binds to proteins involved in chromatin remodelling and DNA damage repair. Interestingly, also mitochondrial factors are strongly enriched with LLPS FUS, providing a potential explanation for the observed changes in mitochondrial gene expression in mouse models of ALS-FUS. In summary, we present a methodology to investigate the interactomes of phase separating proteins and provide evidence that LLPS shapes the FUS interactome with implications for function and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Reber
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute Centre at King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London, UK
| | - Daniel Jutzi
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute Centre at King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London, UK
| | - Helen Lindsay
- Department of Mathematics, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anny Devoy
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute Centre at King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London, UK
| | - Jonas Mechtersheimer
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute Centre at King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London, UK
| | - Brunno Rocha Levone
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Michal Domanski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Eva Bentmann
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Cell Biology, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Germany
| | - Dorothee Dormann
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Cell Biology, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver Mühlemann
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Silvia M L Barabino
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Marc-David Ruepp
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute Centre at King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London, UK
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13
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Sternburg EL, Gruijs da Silva LA, Dormann D. Post-translational modifications on RNA-binding proteins: accelerators, brakes, or passengers in neurodegeneration? Trends Biochem Sci 2021; 47:6-22. [PMID: 34366183 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are critical players in RNA expression and metabolism, thus, the proper regulation of this class of proteins is critical for cellular health. Regulation of RBPs often occurs through post-translational modifications (PTMs), which allow the cell to quickly and efficiently respond to cellular and environmental stimuli. PTMs have recently emerged as important regulators of RBPs implicated in neurodegenerative disorders, in particular amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Here, we summarize how disease-associated PTMs influence the biophysical properties, molecular interactions, subcellular localization, and function of ALS/FTD-linked RBPs, such as FUS and TDP-43. We will discuss how PTMs are believed to play pathological, protective, or ambiguous roles in these neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin L Sternburg
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität (JGU) Mainz, Faculty of Biology, Mainz, Germany
| | - Lara A Gruijs da Silva
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität (JGU) Mainz, Faculty of Biology, Mainz, Germany; Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences (GSN), Munich, Germany
| | - Dorothee Dormann
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität (JGU) Mainz, Faculty of Biology, Mainz, Germany; Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Mainz, Germany.
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14
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ALS-linked FUS mutants affect the localization of U7 snRNP and replication-dependent histone gene expression in human cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11868. [PMID: 34088960 PMCID: PMC8178370 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91453-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Genes encoding replication-dependent histones lack introns, and the mRNAs produced are a unique class of RNA polymerase II transcripts in eukaryotic cells that do not end in a polyadenylated tail. Mature mRNAs are thus formed by a single endonucleolytic cleavage that releases the pre-mRNA from the DNA and is the only processing event necessary. U7 snRNP is one of the key factors that determines the cleavage site within the 3ʹUTR of replication-dependent histone pre-mRNAs. We have previously showed that the FUS protein interacts with U7 snRNA/snRNP and regulates the expression of histone genes by stimulating transcription and 3ʹ end maturation. Mutations in the FUS gene first identified in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) lead to the accumulation of the FUS protein in cytoplasmic inclusions. Here, we report that mutations in FUS lead to disruption of the transcriptional activity of FUS and mislocalization of U7 snRNA/snRNP in cytoplasmic aggregates in cellular models and primary neurons. As a consequence, decreased transcriptional efficiency and aberrant 3ʹ end processing of histone pre-mRNAs were observed. This study highlights for the first time the deregulation of replication-dependent histone gene expression and its involvement in ALS.
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15
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Connecting the "dots": RNP granule network in health and disease. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1868:119058. [PMID: 33989700 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
All cells contain ribonucleoprotein (RNP) granules - large membraneless structures composed of RNA and proteins. Recent breakthroughs in RNP granule research have brought a new appreciation of their crucial role in organising virtually all cellular processes. Cells widely exploit the flexible, dynamic nature of RNP granules to adapt to a variety of functional states and the ever-changing environment. Constant exchange of molecules between the different RNP granules connects them into a network. This network controls basal cellular activities and is remodelled to enable efficient stress response. Alterations in RNP granule structure and regulation have been found to lead to fatal human diseases. The interconnectedness of RNP granules suggests that the RNP granule network as a whole becomes affected in disease states such as a representative neurodegenerative disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). In this review, we summarize available evidence on the communication between different RNP granules and on the RNP granule network disruption as a primary ALS pathomechanism.
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16
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Ding B, Sepehrimanesh M. Nucleocytoplasmic Transport: Regulatory Mechanisms and the Implications in Neurodegeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4165. [PMID: 33920577 PMCID: PMC8072611 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleocytoplasmic transport (NCT) across the nuclear envelope is precisely regulated in eukaryotic cells, and it plays critical roles in maintenance of cellular homeostasis. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that dysregulations of NCT are implicated in aging and age-related neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Huntington disease (HD). This is an emerging research field. The molecular mechanisms underlying impaired NCT and the pathogenesis leading to neurodegeneration are not clear. In this review, we comprehensively described the components of NCT machinery, including nuclear envelope (NE), nuclear pore complex (NPC), importins and exportins, RanGTPase and its regulators, and the regulatory mechanisms of nuclear transport of both protein and transcript cargos. Additionally, we discussed the possible molecular mechanisms of impaired NCT underlying aging and neurodegenerative diseases, such as ALS/FTD, HD, and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baojin Ding
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, 410 East Saint Mary Boulevard, Lafayette, LA 70503, USA;
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17
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Harley J, Hagemann C, Serio A, Patani R. FUS is lost from nuclei and gained in neurites of motor neurons in a human stem cell model of VCP-related ALS. Brain 2021; 143:e103. [PMID: 33253377 PMCID: PMC7805784 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Harley
- The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK.,Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Cathleen Hagemann
- The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK.,Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Andrea Serio
- The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK.,Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Rickie Patani
- The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK.,Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
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18
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Gonzalez A, Mannen T, Çağatay T, Fujiwara A, Matsumura H, Niesman AB, Brautigam CA, Chook YM, Yoshizawa T. Mechanism of karyopherin-β2 binding and nuclear import of ALS variants FUS(P525L) and FUS(R495X). Sci Rep 2021; 11:3754. [PMID: 33580145 PMCID: PMC7881136 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83196-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the RNA-binding protein FUS cause familial amyotropic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Several mutations that affect the proline-tyrosine nuclear localization signal (PY-NLS) of FUS cause severe juvenile ALS. FUS also undergoes liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) to accumulate in stress granules when cells are stressed. In unstressed cells, wild type FUS resides predominantly in the nucleus as it is imported by the importin Karyopherin-β2 (Kapβ2), which binds with high affinity to the C-terminal PY-NLS of FUS. Here, we analyze the interactions between two ALS-related variants FUS(P525L) and FUS(R495X) with importins, especially Kapβ2, since they are still partially localized to the nucleus despite their defective/missing PY-NLSs. The crystal structure of the Kapβ2·FUS(P525L)PY-NLS complex shows the mutant peptide making fewer contacts at the mutation site, explaining decreased affinity for Kapβ2. Biochemical analysis revealed that the truncated FUS(R495X) protein, although missing the PY-NLS, can still bind Kapβ2 and suppresses LLPS. FUS(R495X) uses its C-terminal tandem arginine-glycine-glycine regions, RGG2 and RGG3, to bind the PY-NLS binding site of Kapβ2 for nuclear localization in cells when arginine methylation is inhibited. These findings suggest the importance of the C-terminal RGG regions in nuclear import and LLPS regulation of ALS variants of FUS that carry defective PY-NLSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abner Gonzalez
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Taro Mannen
- College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
| | - Tolga Çağatay
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ayano Fujiwara
- College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
| | | | - Ashley B Niesman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Chad A Brautigam
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yuh Min Chook
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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19
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Layalle S, They L, Ourghani S, Raoul C, Soustelle L. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Genes in Drosophila melanogaster. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020904. [PMID: 33477509 PMCID: PMC7831090 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating adult-onset neurodegenerative disease characterized by the progressive degeneration of upper and lower motoneurons. Most ALS cases are sporadic but approximately 10% of ALS cases are due to inherited mutations in identified genes. ALS-causing mutations were identified in over 30 genes with superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1), chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (C9orf72), fused in sarcoma (FUS), and TAR DNA-binding protein (TARDBP, encoding TDP-43) being the most frequent. In the last few decades, Drosophila melanogaster emerged as a versatile model for studying neurodegenerative diseases, including ALS. In this review, we describe the different Drosophila ALS models that have been successfully used to decipher the cellular and molecular pathways associated with SOD1, C9orf72, FUS, and TDP-43. The study of the known fruit fly orthologs of these ALS-related genes yielded significant insights into cellular mechanisms and physiological functions. Moreover, genetic screening in tissue-specific gain-of-function mutants that mimic ALS-associated phenotypes identified disease-modifying genes. Here, we propose a comprehensive review on the Drosophila research focused on four ALS-linked genes that has revealed novel pathogenic mechanisms and identified potential therapeutic targets for future therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Layalle
- The Neuroscience Institute of Montpellier, INSERM, University of Montpellier, 34091 Montpellier, France; (S.L.); (L.T.); (S.O.)
| | - Laetitia They
- The Neuroscience Institute of Montpellier, INSERM, University of Montpellier, 34091 Montpellier, France; (S.L.); (L.T.); (S.O.)
| | - Sarah Ourghani
- The Neuroscience Institute of Montpellier, INSERM, University of Montpellier, 34091 Montpellier, France; (S.L.); (L.T.); (S.O.)
| | - Cédric Raoul
- The Neuroscience Institute of Montpellier, INSERM, University of Montpellier, 34091 Montpellier, France; (S.L.); (L.T.); (S.O.)
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
- Correspondence: (C.R.); (L.S.)
| | - Laurent Soustelle
- The Neuroscience Institute of Montpellier, INSERM, University of Montpellier, 34091 Montpellier, France; (S.L.); (L.T.); (S.O.)
- Correspondence: (C.R.); (L.S.)
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20
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Jutzi D, Campagne S, Schmidt R, Reber S, Mechtersheimer J, Gypas F, Schweingruber C, Colombo M, von Schroetter C, Loughlin FE, Devoy A, Hedlund E, Zavolan M, Allain FHT, Ruepp MD. Aberrant interaction of FUS with the U1 snRNA provides a molecular mechanism of FUS induced amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Nat Commun 2020; 11:6341. [PMID: 33311468 PMCID: PMC7733473 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20191-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the RNA-binding protein Fused in Sarcoma (FUS) cause early-onset amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). However, a detailed understanding of central RNA targets of FUS and their implications for disease remain elusive. Here, we use a unique blend of crosslinking and immunoprecipitation (CLIP) and NMR spectroscopy to identify and characterise physiological and pathological RNA targets of FUS. We find that U1 snRNA is the primary RNA target of FUS via its interaction with stem-loop 3 and provide atomic details of this RNA-mediated mode of interaction with the U1 snRNP. Furthermore, we show that ALS-associated FUS aberrantly contacts U1 snRNA at the Sm site with its zinc finger and traps snRNP biogenesis intermediates in human and murine motor neurons. Altogether, we present molecular insights into a FUS toxic gain-of-function involving direct and aberrant RNA-binding and strengthen the link between two motor neuron diseases, ALS and spinal muscular atrophy (SMA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Jutzi
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London, UK
| | - Sébastien Campagne
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, CH-8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ralf Schmidt
- Computational and Systems Biology, Biozentrum, University of Basel, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Reber
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London, UK
| | - Jonas Mechtersheimer
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London, UK
| | - Foivos Gypas
- Computational and Systems Biology, Biozentrum, University of Basel, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, CH-4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Martino Colombo
- Celgene Institute of Translational Research (CITRE), 41092, Seville, Spain
| | - Christine von Schroetter
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, CH-8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Fionna E Loughlin
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, CH-8093, Zürich, Switzerland
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Anny Devoy
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London, UK
| | - Eva Hedlund
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mihaela Zavolan
- Computational and Systems Biology, Biozentrum, University of Basel, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Frédéric H-T Allain
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, CH-8093, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Marc-David Ruepp
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London, UK.
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21
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Markert SM, Skoruppa M, Yu B, Mulcahy B, Zhen M, Gao S, Sendtner M, Stigloher C. Overexpression of an ALS-associated FUS mutation in C. elegans disrupts NMJ morphology and leads to defective neuromuscular transmission. Biol Open 2020; 9:bio055129. [PMID: 33148607 PMCID: PMC7746668 DOI: 10.1242/bio.055129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) neurodegenerative disorder has been associated with multiple genetic lesions, including mutations in the gene for fused in sarcoma (FUS), a nuclear-localized RNA/DNA-binding protein. Neuronal expression of the pathological form of FUS proteins in Caenorhabditis elegans results in mislocalization and aggregation of FUS in the cytoplasm, and leads to impairment of motility. However, the mechanisms by which the mutant FUS disrupts neuronal health and function remain unclear. Here we investigated the impact of ALS-associated FUS on motor neuron health using correlative light and electron microscopy, electron tomography, and electrophysiology. We show that ectopic expression of wild-type or ALS-associated human FUS impairs synaptic vesicle docking at neuromuscular junctions. ALS-associated FUS led to the emergence of a population of large, electron-dense, and filament-filled endosomes. Electrophysiological recording revealed reduced transmission from motor neurons to muscles. Together, these results suggest a pathological effect of ALS-causing FUS at synaptic structure and function organization.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian M Markert
- University of Würzburg, Biocenter, Imaging Core Facility, Am Hubland, Würzburg 97074, Germany
| | - Michael Skoruppa
- University Hospital Würzburg, Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, Versbacherstraße 5, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bin Yu
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Ben Mulcahy
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Mei Zhen
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada
- University of Toronto, Department of Molecular Genetics, Physiology and Institute of Medical Science, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Shangbang Gao
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Michael Sendtner
- University Hospital Würzburg, Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, Versbacherstraße 5, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christian Stigloher
- University of Würzburg, Biocenter, Imaging Core Facility, Am Hubland, Würzburg 97074, Germany
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22
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CELF2 regulates the species-specific alternative splicing of TREM2. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17995. [PMID: 33093587 PMCID: PMC7582162 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75057-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic variations of TREM2 have been implicated as a risk factor of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Recent studies suggest that the loss of TREM2 function compromises microglial responses to the accumulation of amyloid beta. Previously, we found that exon 3 of TREM2 is an alternative exon whose skipping leads to a reduction in full-length TREM2 protein by inducing nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. Here, we aimed to identify factors regulating TREM2 splicing. Using a panel of RNA-binding proteins, we found that exon 3 skipping of TREM2 was promoted by two paralogous proteins, CELF1 and CELF2, which were both linked previously with risk loci of AD. Although the overexpression of both CELF1 and CELF2 enhanced exon 3 skipping, only CELF2 reduced the expression of full-length TREM2 protein. Notably, the TREM2 ortholog in the green monkey, but not in the mouse, showed alternative splicing of exon 3 like human TREM2. Similarly, splicing regulation of exon 3 by CELF1/2 was found to be common to humans and monkeys. Using chimeric minigenes of human and mouse TREM2, we mapped a CELF-responsive sequence within intron 3 of human TREM2. Collectively, our results revealed a novel regulatory factor of TREM2 expression and highlighted a species-dependent difference of its regulation.
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23
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Springhower CE, Rosen MK, Chook YM. Karyopherins and condensates. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2020; 64:112-123. [PMID: 32474299 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2020.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Several aggregation-prone RNA-binding proteins, including FUS, EWS, TAF15, hnRNP A1, hnRNP A2, and TDP-43, are mutated in neurodegenerative diseases. The nuclear-cytoplasmic distribution of these proteins is controlled by proteins in the karyopherin family of nuclear transport factors (Kaps). Recent studies have shown that Kaps not only transport these proteins but also inhibit their self-association/aggregation, acting as molecular chaperones. This chaperone activity is impaired for disease-causing mutants of the RNA-binding proteins. Here, we review physical data on the mechanisms of self-association of several disease-associated RNA-binding proteins, through liquid-liquid phase separation and amyloid fiber formation. In each case, we relate these data to biophysical, biochemical, and cell biological data on the inhibition of self-association by Kaps. Our analyses suggest that Kaps may be effective chaperones because they contain large surfaces with diverse physical properties that enable them to engage multiple different regions of their cargo proteins, blocking self-association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charis E Springhower
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Michael K Rosen
- Department of Biophysics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Yuh Min Chook
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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24
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Schmidt HB, Rohatgi R. High-throughput Flow Cytometry Assay to Investigate TDP43 Splicing Function. Bio Protoc 2020; 10:e3594. [PMID: 33659560 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.3594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) such as TDP43 are associated with transcriptome-wide splicing defects and cause severe neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). The impact of RBP mutations on splicing function is routinely studied using PCR-based bulk measurements. However, the qualitative and low-throughput nature of this assay make quantitative and systematic analyses, as well as screening approaches, difficult to implement. To overcome this hurdle, we have developed a quantitative, high-throughput flow cytometry assay to investigate TDP43 splicing function on a single-cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Broder Schmidt
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA
| | - Rajat Rohatgi
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA.,Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA.,Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA
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25
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Molecular anatomy of the subcellular localization and nuclear import mechanism of herpes simplex virus 1 UL6. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:5751-5763. [PMID: 32235005 PMCID: PMC7185102 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
As an indispensable structure protein, the herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) UL6 has been described to exert numerous roles in viral proliferation. However, its exact subcellular localization and subcellular transport mechanism is not well known. In the present study, by utilizing confocal fluorescent microscopy, UL6 was shown to mainly locate in the nucleus in enhanced yellow fluorescent protein or Flag tag fused expression plasmid-transfected cells or HSV-1-infected cells, whereas its predicted nuclear localization signal was nonfunctional. In addition, by exploiting dominant negative mutant and inhibitor of different nuclear import receptors, as well as co-immunoprecipitation and RNA interference assays, UL6 was established to interact with importin α1, importin α7 and transportin-1 to mediate its nuclear translocation under the help of Ran-mediated GTP hydrolysis. Accordingly, these results will advance the knowledge of UL6-mediated biological significances in HSV-1 infection cycle.
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26
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Hutten S, Dormann D. Nucleocytoplasmic transport defects in neurodegeneration — Cause or consequence? Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 99:151-162. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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27
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Hock EM, Maniecka Z, Hruska-Plochan M, Reber S, Laferrière F, Sahadevan M K S, Ederle H, Gittings L, Pelkmans L, Dupuis L, Lashley T, Ruepp MD, Dormann D, Polymenidou M. Hypertonic Stress Causes Cytoplasmic Translocation of Neuronal, but Not Astrocytic, FUS due to Impaired Transportin Function. Cell Rep 2020; 24:987-1000.e7. [PMID: 30044993 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.06.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The primarily nuclear RNA-binding protein FUS (fused in sarcoma) forms pathological cytoplasmic inclusions in a subset of early-onset amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) patients. In response to cellular stress, FUS is recruited to cytoplasmic stress granules, which are hypothesized to act as precursors of pathological inclusions. We monitored the stress-induced nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of endogenous FUS in an ex vivo mouse CNS model and human neural networks. We found that hyperosmolar, but not oxidative, stress induced robust cytoplasmic translocation of neuronal FUS, with transient nuclear clearance and loss of function. Surprisingly, this reaction is independent of stress granule formation and the molecular pathways activated by hyperosmolarity. Instead, it represents a mechanism mediated by cytoplasmic redistribution of Transportin 1/2 and is potentiated by transcriptional inhibition. Importantly, astrocytes, which remain unaffected in ALS/FTD-FUS, are spared from this stress reaction that may signify the initial event in the development of FUS pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva-Maria Hock
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Life Science Zurich Graduate School, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Zuzanna Maniecka
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Life Science Zurich Graduate School, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marian Hruska-Plochan
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Reber
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Florent Laferrière
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sonu Sahadevan M K
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Life Science Zurich Graduate School, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Helena Ederle
- BioMedical Center (BMC), Ludwig-Maximiians-University Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences (GSN), 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Lauren Gittings
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Diseases, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 1PJ, UK
| | - Lucas Pelkmans
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Luc Dupuis
- Faculty of Medicine, INSERM UMR-S1118 and Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Tammaryn Lashley
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Diseases, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 1PJ, UK
| | - Marc-David Ruepp
- UK Dementia Research Institute Centre at King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Dorothee Dormann
- BioMedical Center (BMC), Ludwig-Maximiians-University Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences (GSN), 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Magdalini Polymenidou
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Life Science Zurich Graduate School, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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28
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Shelkovnikova TA, An H, Skelt L, Tregoning JS, Humphreys IR, Buchman VL. Antiviral Immune Response as a Trigger of FUS Proteinopathy in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Cell Rep 2019; 29:4496-4508.e4. [PMID: 31875556 PMCID: PMC6941233 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.11.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the FUS gene cause familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS-FUS). In ALS-FUS, FUS-positive inclusions are detected in the cytoplasm of neurons and glia, a condition known as FUS proteinopathy. Mutant FUS incorporates into stress granules (SGs) and can spontaneously form cytoplasmic RNA granules in cultured cells. However, it is unclear what can trigger the persistence of mutant FUS assemblies and lead to inclusion formation. Using CRISPR/Cas9 cell lines and patient fibroblasts, we find that the viral mimic dsRNA poly(I:C) or a SG-inducing virus causes the sustained presence of mutant FUS assemblies. These assemblies sequester the autophagy receptor optineurin and nucleocytoplasmic transport factors. Furthermore, an integral component of the antiviral immune response, type I interferon, promotes FUS protein accumulation by increasing FUS mRNA stability. Finally, mutant FUS-expressing cells are hypersensitive to dsRNA toxicity. Our data suggest that the antiviral immune response is a plausible second hit for FUS proteinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana A Shelkovnikova
- Biomedicine Division, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK; Medicines Discovery Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK.
| | - Haiyan An
- Biomedicine Division, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK; Medicines Discovery Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Lucy Skelt
- Biomedicine Division, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - John S Tregoning
- Department of Infectious Disease, St Mary's Campus, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Ian R Humphreys
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Vladimir L Buchman
- Biomedicine Division, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK; Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds of RAS, Chernogolovka 142432, Russian Federation.
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29
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Tischbein M, Baron DM, Lin YC, Gall KV, Landers JE, Fallini C, Bosco DA. The RNA-binding protein FUS/TLS undergoes calcium-mediated nuclear egress during excitotoxic stress and is required for GRIA2 mRNA processing. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:10194-10210. [PMID: 31092554 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.005933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Excitotoxic levels of glutamate represent a physiological stress that is strongly linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and other neurological disorders. Emerging evidence indicates a role for neurodegenerative disease-linked RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) in the cellular stress response. However, the relationships between excitotoxicity, RBP function, and disease have not been explored. Here, using primary cortical and motor neurons, we found that excitotoxicity induced the translocation of select ALS-linked RBPs from the nucleus to the cytoplasm within neurons. RBPs affected by excitotoxicity included TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) and, most robustly, fused in sarcoma/translocated in liposarcoma (FUS/TLS or FUS). We noted that FUS is translocated through a calcium-dependent mechanism and that its translocation coincides with striking alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport. Furthermore, glutamate-induced up-regulation of glutamate ionotropic receptor α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA)-type subunit 2 (GRIA2) in neurons depended on FUS expression, consistent with a functional role for FUS in excitotoxic stress. These findings reveal molecular links among prominent factors in neurodegenerative diseases, namely excitotoxicity, disease-associated RBPs, and nucleocytoplasmic transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maeve Tischbein
- From the Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
| | - Desiree M Baron
- From the Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
| | - Yen-Chen Lin
- From the Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
| | - Katherine V Gall
- From the Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
| | - John E Landers
- From the Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
| | - Claudia Fallini
- From the Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
| | - Daryl A Bosco
- From the Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
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30
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Parakh S, Perri ER, Jagaraj CJ, Ragagnin AMG, Atkin JD. Rab-dependent cellular trafficking and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 53:623-651. [PMID: 30741580 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2018.1553926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Rab GTPases are becoming increasingly implicated in neurodegenerative disorders, although their role in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) has been somewhat overlooked. However, dysfunction of intracellular transport is gaining increasing attention as a pathogenic mechanism in ALS. Many previous studies have focused axonal trafficking, and the extreme length of axons in motor neurons may contribute to their unique susceptibility in this disorder. In contrast, the role of transport defects within the cell body has been relatively neglected. Similarly, whilst Rab GTPases control all intracellular membrane trafficking events, their role in ALS is poorly understood. Emerging evidence now highlights this family of proteins in ALS, particularly the discovery that C9orf72 functions in intra transport in conjunction with several Rab GTPases. Here, we summarize recent updates on cellular transport defects in ALS, with a focus on Rab GTPases and how their dysfunction may specifically target neurons and contribute to pathophysiology. We discuss the molecular mechanisms associated with dysfunction of Rab proteins in ALS. Finally, we also discuss dysfunction in other modes of transport recently implicated in ALS, including nucleocytoplasmic transport and the ER-mitochondrial contact regions (MAM compartment), and speculate whether these may also involve Rab GTPases.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Parakh
- a Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Centre for MND Research , Macquarie University , Sydney , Australia.,b Department of Biochemistry and Genetics , La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University , Melbourne , Australia
| | - E R Perri
- a Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Centre for MND Research , Macquarie University , Sydney , Australia.,b Department of Biochemistry and Genetics , La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University , Melbourne , Australia
| | - C J Jagaraj
- a Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Centre for MND Research , Macquarie University , Sydney , Australia
| | - A M G Ragagnin
- a Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Centre for MND Research , Macquarie University , Sydney , Australia
| | - J D Atkin
- a Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Centre for MND Research , Macquarie University , Sydney , Australia.,b Department of Biochemistry and Genetics , La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University , Melbourne , Australia
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31
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Gasperini L, Rossi A, Cornella N, Peroni D, Zuccotti P, Potrich V, Quattrone A, Macchi P. The hnRNP RALY regulates PRMT1 expression and interacts with the ALS-linked protein FUS: implication for reciprocal cellular localization. Mol Biol Cell 2018; 29:3067-3081. [PMID: 30354839 PMCID: PMC6340211 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e18-02-0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The RBP associated with lethal yellow mutation (RALY) is a member of the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein family whose transcriptome and interactome have been recently characterized. RALY binds poly-U rich elements within several RNAs and regulates the expression as well as the stability of specific transcripts. Here we show that RALY binds PRMT1 mRNA and regulates its expression. PRMT1 catalyzes the arginine methylation of Fused in Sarcoma (FUS), an RNA-binding protein that interacts with RALY. We demonstrate that RALY down-regulation decreases protein arginine N-methyltransferase 1 levels, thus reducing FUS methylation. It is known that mutations in the FUS nuclear localization signal (NLS) retain the protein to the cytosol, promote aggregate formation, and are associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Confirming that inhibiting FUS methylation increases its nuclear import, we report that RALY knockout enhances FUS NLS mutants’ nuclear translocation, hence decreasing aggregate formation. Furthermore, we characterize the RNA-dependent interaction of RALY with FUS in motor neurons. We show that mutations in FUS NLS as well as in RALY NLS reciprocally alter their localization and interaction with target mRNAs. These data indicate that RALY’s activity is impaired in FUS pathology models, raising the possibility that RALY might modulate disease onset and/or progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Gasperini
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, University of Trento, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - Annalisa Rossi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, University of Trento, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - Nicola Cornella
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, University of Trento, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - Daniele Peroni
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, CIBIO-Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - Paola Zuccotti
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, CIBIO-Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - Valentina Potrich
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, CIBIO-Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - Alessandro Quattrone
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, CIBIO-Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - Paolo Macchi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, University of Trento, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
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32
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Rhoads SN, Monahan ZT, Yee DS, Leung AY, Newcombe CG, O'Meally RN, Cole RN, Shewmaker FP. The prionlike domain of FUS is multiphosphorylated following DNA damage without altering nuclear localization. Mol Biol Cell 2018; 29:1786-1797. [PMID: 29897835 PMCID: PMC6085830 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e17-12-0735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
FUS (fused in sarcoma) is an abundant, predominantly nuclear protein involved in RNA processing. Under various conditions, FUS functionally associates with RNA and other macromolecules to form distinct, reversible phase-separated liquid structures. Persistence of the phase-separated state and increased cytoplasmic localization are both hypothesized to predispose FUS to irreversible aggregation, which is a pathological hallmark of subtypes of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia. We previously showed that phosphorylation of FUS’s prionlike domain suppressed phase separation and toxic aggregation, proportionally to the number of added phosphates. However, phosphorylation of FUS’s prionlike domain was previously reported to promote its cytoplasmic localization, potentially favoring pathological behavior. Here we used mass spectrometry and human cell models to further identify phosphorylation sites within FUS’s prionlike domain, specifically following DNA-damaging stress. In total, 28 putative sites have been identified, about half of which are DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) consensus sites. Custom antibodies were developed to confirm the phosphorylation of two of these sites (Ser-26 and Ser-30). Both sites were usually phosphorylated in a subpopulation of cellular FUS following a variety of DNA-damaging stresses but not necessarily equally or simultaneously. Importantly, we found DNA-PK–dependent multiphosphorylation of FUS’s prionlike domain does not cause cytoplasmic localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon N Rhoads
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814
| | - Zachary T Monahan
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814
| | - Debra S Yee
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814
| | - Andrew Y Leung
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814
| | - Cameron G Newcombe
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814
| | - Robert N O'Meally
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins Mass Spectrometry and Proteomic Facility, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Robert N Cole
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins Mass Spectrometry and Proteomic Facility, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Frank P Shewmaker
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814
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33
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Ederle H, Funk C, Abou-Ajram C, Hutten S, Funk EBE, Kehlenbach RH, Bailer SM, Dormann D. Nuclear egress of TDP-43 and FUS occurs independently of Exportin-1/CRM1. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7084. [PMID: 29728564 PMCID: PMC5935713 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25007-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
TDP-43 and FUS are nuclear proteins with multiple functions in mRNA processing. They play key roles in ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) and FTD (frontotemporal dementia), where they are partially lost from the nucleus and aggregate in the cytoplasm of neurons and glial cells. Defects in nucleocytoplasmic transport contribute to this pathology, hence nuclear import of both proteins has been studied in detail. However, their nuclear export routes remain poorly characterized and it is unclear whether aberrant nuclear export contributes to TDP-43 or FUS pathology. Here we show that predicted nuclear export signals in TDP-43 and FUS are non-functional and that both proteins are exported independently of the export receptor CRM1/Exportin-1. Silencing of Exportin-5 or the mRNA export factor Aly/REF, as well as mutations that abrogate RNA-binding do not impair export of TDP-43 and FUS. However, artificially enlarging TDP-43 or FUS impairs their nuclear egress, suggesting that they could leave the nucleus by passive diffusion. Finally, we found that inhibition of transcription causes accelerated nuclear egress of TDP-43, suggesting that newly synthesized RNA retains TDP-43 in the nucleus, limiting its egress into the cytoplasm. Our findings implicate reduced nuclear retention as a possible factor contributing to mislocalization of TDP-43 in ALS/FTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Ederle
- BioMedical Center (BMC), Cell Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences (GSN), 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Christina Funk
- Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Plasma Technology IGVP, University of Stuttgart, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
- Frauenhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Claudia Abou-Ajram
- BioMedical Center (BMC), Cell Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Saskia Hutten
- BioMedical Center (BMC), Cell Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Eva B E Funk
- BioMedical Center (BMC), Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Ralph H Kehlenbach
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, GZMB, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Susanne M Bailer
- Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Plasma Technology IGVP, University of Stuttgart, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
- Frauenhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Dorothee Dormann
- BioMedical Center (BMC), Cell Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.
- Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences (GSN), 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377, Munich, Germany.
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34
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Ishigaki S, Sobue G. Importance of Functional Loss of FUS in FTLD/ALS. Front Mol Biosci 2018; 5:44. [PMID: 29774215 PMCID: PMC5943504 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2018.00044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fused in sarcoma (FUS) is an RNA binding protein that regulates RNA metabolism including alternative splicing, transcription, and RNA transportation. FUS is genetically and pathologically involved in frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD)/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Multiple lines of evidence across diverse models suggest that functional loss of FUS can lead to neuronal dysfunction and/or neuronal cell death. Loss of FUS in the nucleus can impair alternative splicing and/or transcription, whereas dysfunction of FUS in the cytoplasm, especially in the dendritic spines of neurons, can cause mRNA destabilization. Alternative splicing of the MAPT gene at exon 10, which generates 4-repeat Tau (4R-Tau) and 3-repeat Tau (3R-Tau), is one of the most impactful targets regulated by FUS. Additionally, loss of FUS function can affect dendritic spine maturations by destabilizing mRNAs such as Glutamate receptor 1 (GluA1), a major AMPA receptor, and Synaptic Ras GTPase-activating protein 1 (SynGAP1). Moreover, FUS is involved in axonal transport and morphological maintenance of neurons. These findings indicate that a biological link between loss of FUS function, Tau isoform alteration, aberrant post-synaptic function, and phenotypic expression might lead to the sequential cascade culminating in FTLD. Thus, to facilitate development of early disease markers and/or therapeutic targets of FTLD/ALS it is critical that the functions of FUS and its downstream pathways are unraveled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Ishigaki
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Therapeutics for Intractable Neurological Disorders, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Gen Sobue
- Brain and Mind Research Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.,Research Division of Dementia and Neurodegenerative Disease, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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35
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Yanaizu M, Sakai K, Tosaki Y, Kino Y, Satoh JI. Small nuclear RNA-mediated modulation of splicing reveals a therapeutic strategy for a TREM2 mutation and its post-transcriptional regulation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6937. [PMID: 29720600 PMCID: PMC5931963 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25204-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss-of-function mutations in TREM2 cause Nasu-Hakola disease (NHD), a rare genetic disease characterized by early-onset dementia with leukoencephalopathy and bone cysts. An NHD-associated mutation, c.482 + 2 T > C, disrupts the splice donor site of intron 3 and causes aberrant skipping of exon 3, resulting in the loss of full-length TREM2 protein. Here, we examined the efficacy of artificial U1 and U7 small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs) designed to enhance exon 3 inclusion. Using mutant TREM2 minigenes, we found that some modified U1, but not U7, snRNAs enhanced exon 3 inclusion and restored TREM2 protein expression. Unexpectedly, we found that exon 3 of wild-type TREM2 is an alternative exon, whose skipping leads to reduced expression of the full-length protein. Indeed, TREM2 protein levels were modulated by modified snRNAs that either promoted or repressed exon 3 inclusion. The splice donor site flanking exon 3 was predicted to be weak, which may explain both the alternative splicing of exon 3 under normal conditions and complete exon skipping when the c.482 + 2 T > C mutation was present. Collectively, our snRNA-based approaches provide a potential therapeutic strategy for NHD-associated mis-splicing and novel insights into the post-transcriptional regulation of TREM2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoaki Yanaizu
- Department of Bioinformatics and Molecular Neuropathology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1, Noshio, Kiyose-shi, Tokyo, 204-8588, Japan
| | - Kenji Sakai
- Department of Bioinformatics and Molecular Neuropathology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1, Noshio, Kiyose-shi, Tokyo, 204-8588, Japan
| | - Youhei Tosaki
- Department of Bioinformatics and Molecular Neuropathology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1, Noshio, Kiyose-shi, Tokyo, 204-8588, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kino
- Department of Bioinformatics and Molecular Neuropathology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1, Noshio, Kiyose-shi, Tokyo, 204-8588, Japan.
| | - Jun-Ichi Satoh
- Department of Bioinformatics and Molecular Neuropathology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1, Noshio, Kiyose-shi, Tokyo, 204-8588, Japan
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36
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Rhoads SN, Monahan ZT, Yee DS, Shewmaker FP. The Role of Post-Translational Modifications on Prion-Like Aggregation and Liquid-Phase Separation of FUS. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19030886. [PMID: 29547565 PMCID: PMC5877747 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19030886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Subcellular mislocalization and aggregation of the human FUS protein occurs in neurons of patients with subtypes of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia. FUS is one of several RNA-binding proteins that can functionally self-associate into distinct liquid-phase droplet structures. It is postulated that aberrant interactions within the dense phase-separated state can potentiate FUS's transition into solid prion-like aggregates that cause disease. FUS is post-translationally modified at numerous positions, which affect both its localization and aggregation propensity. These modifications may influence FUS-linked pathology and serve as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon N Rhoads
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
| | - Zachary T Monahan
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
| | - Debra S Yee
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
| | - Frank P Shewmaker
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
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37
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Svetoni F, De Paola E, La Rosa P, Mercatelli N, Caporossi D, Sette C, Paronetto MP. Post-transcriptional regulation of FUS and EWS protein expression by miR-141 during neural differentiation. Hum Mol Genet 2018; 26:2732-2746. [PMID: 28453628 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain development involves proliferation, migration and specification of neural progenitor cells, culminating in neuronal circuit formation. Mounting evidence indicates that improper regulation of RNA binding proteins (RBPs), including members of the FET (FUS, EWS, TAF15) family, results in defective cortical development and/or neurodegenerative disorders. However, in spite of their physiological relevance, the precise pattern of FET protein expression in developing neurons is largely unknown. Herein, we found that FUS, EWS and TAF15 expression is differentially regulated during brain development, both in time and in space. In particular, our study identifies a fine-tuned regulation of FUS and EWS during neuronal differentiation, whereas TAF15 appears to be more constitutively expressed. Mechanistically FUS and EWS protein expression is regulated at the post-transcriptional level during neuron differentiation and brain development. Moreover, we identified miR-141 as a key regulator of these FET proteins that modulate their expression levels in differentiating neuronal cells. Thus, our studies uncover a novel link between post-transcriptional regulation of FET proteins expression and neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Svetoni
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", 00135 Rome, Italy.,Laboratories of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology and of Neuroembryology, Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa De Paola
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", 00135 Rome, Italy.,Laboratories of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology and of Neuroembryology, Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Piergiorgio La Rosa
- Laboratories of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology and of Neuroembryology, Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy.,Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Neri Mercatelli
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", 00135 Rome, Italy.,Laboratories of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology and of Neuroembryology, Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Caporossi
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", 00135 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Sette
- Laboratories of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology and of Neuroembryology, Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy.,Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Paronetto
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", 00135 Rome, Italy.,Laboratories of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology and of Neuroembryology, Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy
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38
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Uversky VN. The roles of intrinsic disorder-based liquid-liquid phase transitions in the "Dr. Jekyll-Mr. Hyde" behavior of proteins involved in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Autophagy 2017; 13:2115-2162. [PMID: 28980860 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2017.1384889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathological developments leading to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) are associated with misbehavior of several key proteins, such as SOD1 (superoxide dismutase 1), TARDBP/TDP-43, FUS, C9orf72, and dipeptide repeat proteins generated as a result of the translation of the intronic hexanucleotide expansions in the C9orf72 gene, PFN1 (profilin 1), GLE1 (GLE1, RNA export mediator), PURA (purine rich element binding protein A), FLCN (folliculin), RBM45 (RNA binding motif protein 45), SS18L1/CREST, HNRNPA1 (heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1), HNRNPA2B1 (heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2/B1), ATXN2 (ataxin 2), MAPT (microtubule associated protein tau), and TIA1 (TIA1 cytotoxic granule associated RNA binding protein). Although these proteins are structurally and functionally different and have rather different pathological functions, they all possess some levels of intrinsic disorder and are either directly engaged in or are at least related to the physiological liquid-liquid phase transitions (LLPTs) leading to the formation of various proteinaceous membrane-less organelles (PMLOs), both normal and pathological. This review describes the normal and pathological functions of these ALS- and FTLD-related proteins, describes their major structural properties, glances at their intrinsic disorder status, and analyzes the involvement of these proteins in the formation of normal and pathological PMLOs, with the ultimate goal of better understanding the roles of LLPTs and intrinsic disorder in the "Dr. Jekyll-Mr. Hyde" behavior of those proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir N Uversky
- a Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute , Morsani College of Medicine , University of South Florida , Tampa , FL , USA.,b Institute for Biological Instrumentation of the Russian Academy of Sciences , Pushchino, Moscow region , Russia
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39
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Mitsuhashi K, Ito D, Mashima K, Oyama M, Takahashi S, Suzuki N. De novo design of RNA-binding proteins with a prion-like domain related to ALS/FTD proteinopathies. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16871. [PMID: 29203801 PMCID: PMC5715010 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17209-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant RNA-binding proteins form the core of the neurodegeneration cascade in spectrums of disease, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)/frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Six ALS-related molecules, TDP-43, FUS, TAF15, EWSR1, heterogeneous nuclear (hn)RNPA1 and hnRNPA2 are RNA-binding proteins containing candidate mutations identified in ALS patients and those share several common features, including harboring an aggregation-prone prion-like domain (PrLD) containing a glycine/serine-tyrosine-glycine/serine (G/S-Y-G/S)-motif-enriched low-complexity sequence and rich in glutamine and/or asparagine. Additinally, these six molecules are components of RNA granules involved in RNA quality control and become mislocated from the nucleus to form cytoplasmic inclusion bodies (IBs) in the ALS/FTD-affected brain. To reveal the essential mechanisms involved in ALS/FTD-related cytotoxicity associated with RNA-binding proteins containing PrLDs, we designed artificial RNA-binding proteins harboring G/S-Y-G/S-motif repeats with and without enriched glutamine residues and nuclear-import/export-signal sequences and examined their cytotoxicity in vitro. These proteins recapitulated features of ALS-linked molecules, including insoluble aggregation, formation of cytoplasmic IBs and components of RNA granules, and cytotoxicity instigation. These findings indicated that these artificial RNA-binding proteins mimicked features of ALS-linked molecules and allowed the study of mechanisms associated with gain of toxic functions related to ALS/FTD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kana Mitsuhashi
- Departments of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ito
- Departments of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Kyoko Mashima
- Departments of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Munenori Oyama
- Departments of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Shinichi Takahashi
- Departments of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Norihiro Suzuki
- Departments of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
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40
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Mackenzie IRA, Neumann M. Fused in Sarcoma Neuropathology in Neurodegenerative Disease. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2017; 7:cshperspect.a024299. [PMID: 28096243 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a024299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal intracellular accumulation of the fused in sarcoma (FUS) protein is the characteristic pathological feature of cases of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) caused by FUS mutations (ALS-FUS) and several uncommon disorders that may present with sporadic frontotemporal dementia (FTLD-FUS). Although these findings provide further support for the concept that ALS and FTD are closely related clinical syndromes with an overlapping molecular basis, important differences in the pathological features and results from experimental models indicate that ALS-FUS and FTLD-FUS have distinct pathogenic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian R A Mackenzie
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - Manuela Neumann
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Tübingen and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen 72076, Germany
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41
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Ishigaki S, Fujioka Y, Okada Y, Riku Y, Udagawa T, Honda D, Yokoi S, Endo K, Ikenaka K, Takagi S, Iguchi Y, Sahara N, Takashima A, Okano H, Yoshida M, Warita H, Aoki M, Watanabe H, Okado H, Katsuno M, Sobue G. Altered Tau Isoform Ratio Caused by Loss of FUS and SFPQ Function Leads to FTLD-like Phenotypes. Cell Rep 2017; 18:1118-1131. [PMID: 28147269 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fused in sarcoma (FUS) and splicing factor, proline- and glutamine-rich (SFPQ) are RNA binding proteins that regulate RNA metabolism. We found that alternative splicing of the Mapt gene at exon 10, which generates 4-repeat tau (4R-T) and 3-repeat tau (3R-T), is regulated by interactions between FUS and SFPQ in the nuclei of neurons. Hippocampus-specific FUS- or SFPQ-knockdown mice exhibit frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD)-like behaviors, reduced adult neurogenesis, accumulation of phosphorylated tau, and hippocampal atrophy with neuronal loss through an increased 4R-T/3R-T ratio. Normalization of this increased ratio by 4R-T-specific silencing results in recovery of the normal phenotype. These findings suggest a biological link among FUS/SFPQ, tau isoform alteration, and phenotypic expression, which may function in the early pathomechanism of FTLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Ishigaki
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan; Department of Therapeutics for Intractable Neurological Disorders, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Fujioka
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yohei Okada
- Department of Neurology, Aichi Medical University, School of Medicine, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Yuichi Riku
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan; Department of Neuropathology, Institute for Medical Science of Aging, Aichi Medical University, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Udagawa
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Daiyu Honda
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yokoi
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Kuniyuki Endo
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Kensuke Ikenaka
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Shinnosuke Takagi
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yohei Iguchi
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Naruhiko Sahara
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Akihiko Takashima
- Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8588, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Mari Yoshida
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute for Medical Science of Aging, Aichi Medical University, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Warita
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Masashi Aoki
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Watanabe
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan; Brain and Mind Research Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Haruo Okado
- Department of Brain Development and Neural Regeneration, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Masahisa Katsuno
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Gen Sobue
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan; Brain and Mind Research Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan; Research Division of Dementia and Neurodegenerative Disease, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan.
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42
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Devoy A, Kalmar B, Stewart M, Park H, Burke B, Noy SJ, Redhead Y, Humphrey J, Lo K, Jaeger J, Mejia Maza A, Sivakumar P, Bertolin C, Soraru G, Plagnol V, Greensmith L, Acevedo Arozena A, Isaacs AM, Davies B, Fratta P, Fisher EMC. Humanized mutant FUS drives progressive motor neuron degeneration without aggregation in 'FUSDelta14' knockin mice. Brain 2017; 140:2797-2805. [PMID: 29053787 PMCID: PMC5841203 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awx248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in FUS are causative for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with a dominant mode of inheritance. In trying to model FUS-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in mouse it is clear that FUS is dosage-sensitive and effects arise from overexpression per se in transgenic strains. Novel models are required that maintain physiological levels of FUS expression and that recapitulate the human disease-with progressive loss of motor neurons in heterozygous animals. Here, we describe a new humanized FUS-ALS mouse with a frameshift mutation, which fulfils both criteria: the FUS Delta14 mouse. Heterozygous animals express mutant humanized FUS protein at physiological levels and have adult onset progressive motor neuron loss and denervation of neuromuscular junctions. Additionally, we generated a novel antibody to the unique human frameshift peptide epitope, allowing specific identification of mutant FUS only. Using our new FUSDelta14 ALS mouse-antibody system we show that neurodegeneration occurs in the absence of FUS protein aggregation. FUS mislocalization increases as disease progresses, and mutant FUS accumulates at the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Further, transcriptomic analyses show progressive changes in ribosomal protein levels and mitochondrial function as early disease stages are initiated. Thus, our new physiological mouse model has provided novel insight into the early pathogenesis of FUS-ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anny Devoy
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Bernadett Kalmar
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Michelle Stewart
- The Mary Lyon Centre, MRC Harwell Institute, Harwell, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Heesoon Park
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Beverley Burke
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Suzanna J Noy
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Yushi Redhead
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Jack Humphrey
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- UCL Genetics Institute, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Kitty Lo
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- UCL Genetics Institute, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Julian Jaeger
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Alan Mejia Maza
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Prasanth Sivakumar
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Cinzia Bertolin
- Department of Neurosciences, Università degli Studi di Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Gianni Soraru
- Department of Neurosciences, Università degli Studi di Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | | | - Linda Greensmith
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- MRC Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Abraham Acevedo Arozena
- The Mary Lyon Centre, MRC Harwell Institute, Harwell, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK
- Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Fundación Canaria de Investigación Sanitaria, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Adrian M Isaacs
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Benjamin Davies
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Pietro Fratta
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Elizabeth M C Fisher
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
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43
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Cai M, Huang Z, Liao Z, Chen T, Wang P, Jiang S, Chen D, Peng T, Bian Y, Hong G, Yang H, Zeng Z, Li X, Li M. Characterization of the subcellular localization and nuclear import molecular mechanisms of herpes simplex virus 1 UL2. Biol Chem 2017; 398:509-517. [PMID: 27865090 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2016-0268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
As a crucial protein, the herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) UL2 protein has been shown to take part in various stages of viral infection, nonetheless, its exact subcellular localization and transport molecular determinants are not well known thus far. In the present study, by using live cells fluorescent microscopy assay, UL2 tagged with enhanced yellow fluorescent protein was transiently expressed in live cells and showed a completely nuclear accumulation without the presence of other HSV-1 proteins. Moreover, the nuclear transport of UL2 was characterized to be assisted by multiple transport pathways through Ran-, importin α1-, α5-, α7-, β1- and transportin-1 cellular transport receptors. Consequently, these results will improve understanding of UL2-mediated biological functions in HSV-1 infection cycles.
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44
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Kapeli K, Martinez FJ, Yeo GW. Genetic mutations in RNA-binding proteins and their roles in ALS. Hum Genet 2017; 136:1193-1214. [PMID: 28762175 PMCID: PMC5602095 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-017-1830-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in genes that encode RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) have emerged as critical determinants of neurological diseases, especially motor neuron disorders such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). RBPs are involved in all aspects of RNA processing, controlling the life cycle of RNAs from synthesis to degradation. Hallmark features of RBPs in neuron dysfunction include misregulation of RNA processing, mislocalization of RBPs to the cytoplasm, and abnormal aggregation of RBPs. Much progress has been made in understanding how ALS-associated mutations in RBPs drive pathogenesis. Here, we focus on several key RBPs involved in ALS—TDP-43, HNRNP A2/B1, HNRNP A1, FUS, EWSR1, and TAF15—and review our current understanding of how mutations in these proteins cause disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katannya Kapeli
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117593, Singapore
| | - Fernando J Martinez
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Stem Cell Program and Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Gene W Yeo
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117593, Singapore.
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Stem Cell Program and Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
- Molecular Engineering Laboratory, A*STAR, Singapore, 138673, Singapore.
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45
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Ederle H, Dormann D. TDP-43 and FUS en route from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. FEBS Lett 2017; 591:1489-1507. [PMID: 28380257 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Misfolded or mislocalized RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) and, consequently, altered mRNA processing, can cause neuronal dysfunction, eventually leading to neurodegeneration. Two prominent examples are the RBPs TAR DNA-binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP-43) and fused in sarcoma (FUS), which form pathological messenger ribonucleoprotein aggregates in patients suffering from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD), two devastating neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we review the multiple functions of TDP-43 and FUS in mRNA processing, both in the nucleus and in the cytoplasm. We discuss how TDP-43 and FUS may exit the nucleus and how defects in both nuclear and cytosolic mRNA processing events, and possibly nuclear export defects, may contribute to neurodegeneration and ALS/FTD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Ederle
- BioMedical Center (BMC), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.,Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences (GSN), Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Dorothee Dormann
- BioMedical Center (BMC), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.,Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences (GSN), Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Germany
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46
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Feuillette S, Delarue M, Riou G, Gaffuri AL, Wu J, Lenkei Z, Boyer O, Frébourg T, Campion D, Lecourtois M. Neuron-to-Neuron Transfer of FUS in Drosophila Primary Neuronal Culture Is Enhanced by ALS-Associated Mutations. J Mol Neurosci 2017; 62:114-122. [PMID: 28429234 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-017-0908-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The DNA- and RNA-binding protein fused in sarcoma (FUS) has been pathologically and genetically linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) or frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). Cytoplasmic FUS-positive inclusions were identified in the brain and spinal cord of a subset of patients suffering with ALS/FTLD. An increasing number of reports suggest that FUS protein can behave in a prion-like manner. However, no neuropathological studies or experimental data were available regarding cell-to-cell spread of these pathological protein assemblies. In the present report, we investigated the ability of wild-type and mutant forms of FUS to transfer between neuronal cells. We combined the use of Drosophila models for FUS proteinopathies with that of the primary neuronal cultures to address neuron-to-neuron transfer of FUS proteins. Using conditional co-culture models and an optimized flow cytometry-based methodology, we demonstrated that ALS-mutant forms of FUS proteins can transfer between well-differentiated mature Drosophila neurons. These new observations support that a propagating mechanism could be applicable to FUS, leading to the sequential dissemination of pathological proteins over years.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Morgane Delarue
- Inserm, U1245, IRIB, Rouen, France.,Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Rouen, France
| | - Gaëtan Riou
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Rouen, France.,Inserm, U1234, IRIB, Rouen, France
| | - Anne-Lise Gaffuri
- Brain Plasticity Unit, ESPCI-Paris Tech, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR4289, Paris, France
| | - Jane Wu
- Department of Neurology, Center for Genetic Medicine, Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E Superior, Chicago, USA
| | - Zsolt Lenkei
- Brain Plasticity Unit, ESPCI-Paris Tech, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR4289, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Boyer
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Rouen, France.,Inserm, U1234, IRIB, Rouen, France.,Department of Immunology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Thierry Frébourg
- Inserm, U1245, IRIB, Rouen, France.,Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Rouen, France.,Department of Genetics, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Dominique Campion
- Inserm, U1245, IRIB, Rouen, France.,Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Rouen, France.,Centre Hospitalier du Rouvray, Sotteville-Lès-Rouen, France
| | - Magalie Lecourtois
- Inserm, U1245, IRIB, Rouen, France. .,Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Rouen, France.
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47
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Abstract
ALS is a relentless neurodegenerative disease in which motor neurons are the susceptible neuronal population. Their death results in progressive paresis of voluntary and respiratory muscles. The unprecedented rate of discoveries over the last two decades have broadened our knowledge of genetic causes and helped delineate molecular pathways. Here we critically review ALS epidemiology, genetics, pathogenic mechanisms, available animal models, and iPS cell technologies with a focus on their translational therapeutic potential. Despite limited clinical success in treatments to date, the new discoveries detailed here offer new models for uncovering disease mechanisms as well as novel strategies for intervention.
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Götzl JK, Lang CM, Haass C, Capell A. Impaired protein degradation in FTLD and related disorders. Ageing Res Rev 2016; 32:122-139. [PMID: 27166223 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Impaired protein degradation has been discussed as a cause or consequence of various neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's disease. More recently, evidence accumulated that dysfunctional protein degradation may play a role in frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Since in almost all neurodegenerative diseases, protein aggregates are disease-defining hallmarks, it is most likely that impaired protein degradation contributes to disease onset and progression. In the majority of FTD cases, the pathological protein aggregates contain either microtubuleassociated protein tau or TAR DNA-binding protein (TDP)-43. Aggregates are also positive for ubiquitin and p62/sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1) indicating that these aggregates are targeted for degradation. FTD-linked mutations in genes encoding three autophagy adaptor proteins, p62/SQSTM1, ubiquilin 2 and optineurin, indicate that impaired autophagy might cause FTD. Furthermore, the strongest evidence for lysosomal impairment in FTD is provided by the progranulin (GRN) gene, which is linked to FTD and neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. In this review, we summarize the observations that have been made during the last years linking the accumulation of disease-associated proteins in FTD to impaired protein degradation pathways. In addition, we take resent findings for nucleocytoplasmic transport defects of TDP-43, as discussed for hexanucleotide repeat expansions in C9orf72 into account and provide a hypothesis how the interplay of altered nuclear transport and protein degradation leads to the accumulation of protein deposits.
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Kino Y, Washizu C, Kurosawa M, Yamada M, Doi H, Takumi T, Adachi H, Katsuno M, Sobue G, Hicks GG, Hattori N, Shimogori T, Nukina N. FUS/TLS acts as an aggregation-dependent modifier of polyglutamine disease model mice. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35236. [PMID: 27739513 PMCID: PMC5064419 DOI: 10.1038/srep35236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
FUS/TLS is an RNA/DNA-binding protein associated with neurodegenerative diseases including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Previously, we found that a prion-like domain in the N-terminus of FUS/TLS mediates co-aggregation between FUS/TLS and mutant huntingtin, the gene product of Huntington's disease (HD). Here, we show that heterozygous knockout of FUS/TLS worsened the phenotypes of model mice of (HD, but not spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA). This difference was correlated with the degree of pathological association between disease proteins and FUS/TLS. Co-aggregation between FUS/TLS and mutant huntingtin resulted in the depletion of free FUS/TLS protein in HD mice that was detected as a monomer in SDS-PAGE analysis. Recently, we found that FUS/TLS paralogs, TAF15 and EWS, were up-regulated in homozygous FUS/TLS knockout mice. These two proteins were up-regulated in both HD and FUS/TLS heterozygote mice, and were further elevated in HD-TLS+/- double mutant mice, consistent with the functional impairment of FUS/TLS. These results suggest that FUS/TLS sequestration by co-aggregation is a rate-limiting factor of disease phenotypes of HD and that inclusions may have an adverse aspect, rather than being simply benign or protective. In addition, our results highlight inclusions as repositories of potential modifiers of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Kino
- CREST(Core Research for Evolutionary Science and Technology), JST, Saitama, Japan.,Department of Neuroscience for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory for Structural Neuropathology , Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan.,Laboratory for Molecular Mechanisms of Thalamus Development, Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan.,Department of Bioinformatics and Molecular Neuropathology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chika Washizu
- Laboratory for Structural Neuropathology , Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masaru Kurosawa
- CREST(Core Research for Evolutionary Science and Technology), JST, Saitama, Japan.,Department of Neuroscience for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory for Structural Neuropathology , Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan.,Laboratory for Molecular Mechanisms of Thalamus Development, Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan
| | - Mizuki Yamada
- Laboratory for Structural Neuropathology , Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Doi
- Department of Clinical Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Toru Takumi
- CREST(Core Research for Evolutionary Science and Technology), JST, Saitama, Japan.,Laboratory for Mental Biology, Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Adachi
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masahisa Katsuno
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Gen Sobue
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Geoffrey G Hicks
- Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Nobutaka Hattori
- Department of Neuroscience for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomomi Shimogori
- Laboratory for Molecular Mechanisms of Thalamus Development, Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Nukina
- CREST(Core Research for Evolutionary Science and Technology), JST, Saitama, Japan.,Department of Neuroscience for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory for Structural Neuropathology , Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan.,Laboratory for Molecular Mechanisms of Thalamus Development, Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan.,Laboratory of Structural Neuropathology, Doshisha University Graduate School of Brain Science, Kyoto, Japan
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50
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Guerrero EN, Wang H, Mitra J, Hegde PM, Stowell SE, Liachko NF, Kraemer BC, Garruto RM, Rao KS, Hegde ML. TDP-43/FUS in motor neuron disease: Complexity and challenges. Prog Neurobiol 2016; 145-146:78-97. [PMID: 27693252 PMCID: PMC5101148 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a common motor neuron disease affecting two per 100,000 people worldwide, encompasses at least five distinct pathological subtypes, including, ALS-SOD1, ALS-C9orf72, ALS-TDP-43, ALS-FUS and Guam-ALS. The etiology of a major subset of ALS involves toxicity of the TAR DNA-binding protein-43 (TDP-43). A second RNA/DNA binding protein, fused in sarcoma/translocated in liposarcoma (FUS/TLS) has been subsequently associated with about 1% of ALS patients. While mutations in TDP-43 and FUS have been linked to ALS, the key contributing molecular mechanism(s) leading to cell death are still unclear. One unique feature of TDP-43 and FUS pathogenesis in ALS is their nuclear clearance and simultaneous cytoplasmic aggregation in affected motor neurons. Since the discoveries in the last decade implicating TDP-43 and FUS toxicity in ALS, a majority of studies have focused on their cytoplasmic aggregation and disruption of their RNA-binding functions. However, TDP-43 and FUS also bind to DNA, although the significance of their DNA binding in disease-affected neurons has been less investigated. A recent observation of accumulated genomic damage in TDP-43 and FUS-linked ALS and association of FUS with neuronal DNA damage repair pathways indicate a possible role of deregulated DNA binding function of TDP-43 and FUS in ALS. In this review, we discuss the different ALS disease subtypes, crosstalk of etiopathologies in disease progression, available animal models and their limitations, and recent advances in understanding the specific involvement of RNA/DNA binding proteins, TDP-43 and FUS, in motor neuron diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika N. Guerrero
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Centre for Neuroscience, Institute for Scientific Research and Technology Services (INDICASAT-AIP), City of Knowledge, Panama
- Department of Biotechnology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur, India
| | - Haibo Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Joy Mitra
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Pavana M. Hegde
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Sara E. Stowell
- Department of Anthropology, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, New York
| | - Nicole F Liachko
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, 98108, USA
| | - Brian C. Kraemer
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, 98108, USA
| | - Ralph M. Garruto
- Department of Anthropology, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, New York
- Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, New York
| | - K. S. Rao
- Centre for Neuroscience, Institute for Scientific Research and Technology Services (INDICASAT-AIP), City of Knowledge, Panama
- Department of Biotechnology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur, India
| | - Muralidhar L. Hegde
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Houston Methodist Neurological Institute, Houston, Texas 77030 USA
- Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York
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