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Simbula M, Manchinu MF, Mingoia M, Pala M, Asunis I, Caria CA, Perseu L, Shah M, Crossley M, Moi P, Ristaldi MS. miR-365-3p mediates BCL11A and SOX6 erythroid-specific coregulation: A new player in HbF activation. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2023; 34:102025. [PMID: 37744176 PMCID: PMC10514143 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2023.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Hemoglobin switching is a complex biological process not yet fully elucidated. The mechanism regulating the suppression of fetal hemoglobin (HbF) expression is of particular interest because of the positive impact of HbF on the course of diseases such as β-thalassemia and sickle cell disease, hereditary hemoglobin disorders that affect the health of countless individuals worldwide. Several transcription factors have been implicated in the control of HbF, of which BCL11A has emerged as a major player in HbF silencing. SOX6 has also been implicated in silencing HbF and is critical to the silencing of the mouse embryonic hemoglobins. BCL11A and SOX6 are co-expressed and physically interact in the erythroid compartment during differentiation. In this study, we observe that BCL11A knockout leads to post-transcriptional downregulation of SOX6 through activation of microRNA (miR)-365-3p. Downregulating SOX6 by transient ectopic expression of miR-365-3p or gene editing activates embryonic and fetal β-like globin gene expression in erythroid cells. The synchronized expression of BCL11A and SOX6 is crucial for hemoglobin switching. In this study, we identified a BCL11A/miR-365-3p/SOX6 evolutionarily conserved pathway, providing insights into the regulation of the embryonic and fetal globin genes suggesting new targets for treating β-hemoglobinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Simbula
- Istituto Di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica del Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (IRGB-CNR), 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Maria Francesca Manchinu
- Istituto Di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica del Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (IRGB-CNR), 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Maura Mingoia
- Istituto Di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica del Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (IRGB-CNR), 09042 Monserrato, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Sanità Pubblica, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 09121 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Mauro Pala
- Istituto Di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica del Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (IRGB-CNR), 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Isadora Asunis
- Istituto Di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica del Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (IRGB-CNR), 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Cristian Antonio Caria
- Istituto Di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica del Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (IRGB-CNR), 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Lucia Perseu
- Istituto Di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica del Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (IRGB-CNR), 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Manan Shah
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Merlin Crossley
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Paolo Moi
- Istituto Di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica del Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (IRGB-CNR), 09042 Monserrato, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Sanità Pubblica, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 09121 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Maria Serafina Ristaldi
- Istituto Di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica del Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (IRGB-CNR), 09042 Monserrato, Italy
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2
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Yang F, Ruan H, Li S, Hou W, Qiu Y, Deng L, Su S, Chen P, Pang L, Lai K. Analysis of circRNAs and circRNA-associated competing endogenous RNA networks in β-thalassemia. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8071. [PMID: 35577924 PMCID: PMC9110710 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12002-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The involvement of circRNAs in β-thalassemia and their actions on fetal hemoglobin (HbF) is unclear. Here, the circRNAs in β-thalassemia carriers with high HbF levels were comprehensively analyzed and compared with those of healthy individuals. Differential expression of 2183 circRNAs was observed and their correlations with hematological parameters were investigated. Down-regulated hsa-circRNA-100466 had a strong negative correlation with HbF and HbA2. Bioinformatics was employed to construct a hsa-circRNA-100466‑associated competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network to identify hub genes and associated miRNAs. The hsa-circRNA-100466▁miR-19b-3p▁SOX6 pathway was identified using both present and previously published data. The ceRNA network was verified by qRT-PCR analysis of β-thalassemia samples, RNA immunoprecipitation of K562 cell lysates, and dual-luciferase reporter analysis. qRT-PCR confirmed that hsa-circRNA-100466 and SOX6 were significantly down-regulated, while miR-19b-3p was up-regulated. Hsa-circRNA-100466, miR-19b-3p, and SOX6 were co-immunoprecipitated by anti-argonaute antibodies, indicating involvement with HbF induction. A further dual-luciferase reporter assay verified that miR-19b-3p interacted directly with hsa-circRNA-100466 and SOX6. Furthermore, spearman correlation coefficients revealed their significant correlations with HbF. In conclusion, a novel hsa-circRNA-100466▁miR-19b-3p▁SOX6 pathway was identified, providing insight into HbF induction and suggesting targets β-thalassemia treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Heyun Ruan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Minzu Hospital of Guangxi, Zhuang Autonomous Region, Affiliated Minzu Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Shuquan Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Thalassemia Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Thalassemia Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Thalassemia Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Wei Hou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Thalassemia Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Thalassemia Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Thalassemia Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yuling Qiu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Thalassemia Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Thalassemia Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Thalassemia Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Lingjie Deng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Sha Su
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Ping Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Thalassemia Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China. .,Key Laboratory of Thalassemia Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China. .,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Thalassemia Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
| | - Lihong Pang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
| | - Ketong Lai
- NHC Key Laboratory of Thalassemia Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China. .,Key Laboratory of Thalassemia Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China. .,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Thalassemia Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
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Söderholm S, Cantù C. The WNT/β‐catenin dependent transcription: A tissue‐specific business. WIREs Mech Dis 2020; 13:e1511. [PMID: 33085215 PMCID: PMC9285942 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
β‐catenin‐mediated Wnt signaling is an ancient cell‐communication pathway in which β‐catenin drives the expression of certain genes as a consequence of the trigger given by extracellular WNT molecules. The events occurring from signal to transcription are evolutionarily conserved, and their final output orchestrates countless processes during embryonic development and tissue homeostasis. Importantly, a dysfunctional Wnt/β‐catenin pathway causes developmental malformations, and its aberrant activation is the root of several types of cancer. A rich literature describes the multitude of nuclear players that cooperate with β‐catenin to generate a transcriptional program. However, a unified theory of how β‐catenin drives target gene expression is still missing. We will discuss two types of β‐catenin interactors: transcription factors that allow β‐catenin to localize at target regions on the DNA, and transcriptional co‐factors that ultimately activate gene expression. In contrast to the presumed universality of β‐catenin's action, the ensemble of available evidence suggests a view in which β‐catenin drives a complex system of responses in different cells and tissues. A malleable armamentarium of players might interact with β‐catenin in order to activate the right “canonical” targets in each tissue, developmental stage, or disease context. Discovering the mechanism by which each tissue‐specific β‐catenin response is executed will be crucial to comprehend how a seemingly universal pathway fosters a wide spectrum of processes during development and homeostasis. Perhaps more importantly, this could ultimately inform us about which are the tumor‐specific components that need to be targeted to dampen the activity of oncogenic β‐catenin. This article is categorized under:Cancer > Molecular and Cellular Physiology Cancer > Genetics/Genomics/Epigenetics Cancer > Stem Cells and Development
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Söderholm
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine Linköping University Linköping Sweden
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Molecular Medicine and Virology, Faculty of Health Science Linköping University Linköping Sweden
| | - Claudio Cantù
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine Linköping University Linköping Sweden
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Molecular Medicine and Virology, Faculty of Health Science Linköping University Linköping Sweden
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Pierron F, Daffe G, Lambert P, Couture P, Baudrimont M. Retrotransposon methylation and activity in wild fish (A. anguilla): A matter of size. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 245:494-503. [PMID: 30458379 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how organisms cope with global change is a major question in many fields of biology. Mainly, understanding the molecular mechanisms supporting rapid phenotypic changes of organisms in response to stress and linking stress-induced molecular events to adaptive or adverse outcomes at the individual or population levels remain a major challenge in evolutionary biology, ecology or ecotoxicology. In this view, the present study aimed to test (i) whether environmental factors, especially pollutants, can trigger changes in the activity of retrotransposons (RTs) in wild fish and (ii) if changes in RT DNA methylation or transcription levels can be linked to modifications at the individual level. RTs are genetic elements that have the ability to replicate and integrate elsewhere in the genome. Although RTs are mainly quiescent during normal development, they can be experimentally activated under life-threatening conditions, affecting the fitness of their host. Wild eels were collected in four sampling sites presenting differing levels of contamination. The methylation level and the transcriptional activity of two RTs and two genes involved in development and cell differentiation were analyzed in fish liver in addition to the determination of fish contaminants levels and diverse growth and morphometric indices. An up-regulation of RTs associated to lower methylation levels and lower growth indices were observed in highly contaminated fish. Our results suggest that RT activation in fish experiencing stress conditions could have both detrimental and beneficial implications, affecting fish growth but promoting resistance to environmental stressors such as pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guillemine Daffe
- CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Observatoire Aquitain des Sciences de l'Univers, UMS 2567 POREA, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, F-33615, Pessac, France
| | - Patrick Lambert
- Institut National de Recherche en Sciences et Technologies pour l'Environnement et l'Agriculture (IRSTEA), équipe Poissons Migrateurs Amphihalins (PMA), Cestas, France
| | - Patrice Couture
- Institut national de La Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Centre Eau Terre Environnement, 490 rue de La Couronne, Québec, QC G1K 9A9, Canada
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Liu B, Zhang J, Yang S, Ji K, Liu X, Du B, Jia Q, Qi S, Li X, Fan R. Effect of silencing microRNA-508 by STTM on melanogenesis in alpaca (Vicugna pacos). Gene 2018; 678:343-348. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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6
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Kinoshita S, Ceyhun SB, Md A, Siddique BS, Akolkar DB, Asakawa S, Watabe S. Promoter analysis of the fish gene of slow/cardiac-type myosin heavy chain implicated in specification of muscle fiber types. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2018; 44:679-691. [PMID: 29349631 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-018-0463-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Vertebrate skeletal muscles consist of heterogeneous tissues containing various types of muscle fibers, where specification of the fiber type is crucial for muscle development. Fish are an attractive experimental model to study the mechanisms of such fiber type specification because of the separated localization of slow and fast muscles in the trunk myotome. We examined regulation of expression of the torafugu gene of slow/cardiac-type myosin heavy chain, MYH M5 , and isolated an operational promoter in order to force its tissue-specific expression across different fish species via the transgenic approach in zebrafish and medaka. This promoter activity was observed in adaxial cell-derived superficial slow muscle fibers under the control of a hedgehog signal. We also uncovered coordinated expression of MYH M5 and Sox6b, which is an important transcriptional repressor for specification of muscle fiber types and participates in hedgehog signaling. Sequence comparison in the 5'-flanking region identified three conserved regions, CSR1-CSR3, between torafugu MYH M5 and its zebrafish ortholog. Analysis of deletion mutants showed that CSR1 significantly stimulates gene expression in slow muscle fibers. In contrast, deletion of CSR3 resulted in ectopic expression of a reporter gene in fast muscle fibers. CSR3 was found to contain a putative Sox family protein-binding site. These results indicate that the dual mechanism causing inhibition in fast muscle fibers and activation in slow muscle fibers is essential for slow muscle fiber-specific gene expression in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeharu Kinoshita
- Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.
| | | | - Asaduzzamann Md
- Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Bhuiyan Sharmin Siddique
- Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Dadasaheb B Akolkar
- Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Shuichi Asakawa
- Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Shugo Watabe
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Minami, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
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SOX6 Downregulation Induces γ-Globin in Human β-Thalassemia Major Erythroid Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:9496058. [PMID: 29333458 PMCID: PMC5733236 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9496058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Background Fetal hemoglobin (HbF; α2γ2) is a potent genetic modifier of the severity of β-thalassemia and sickle cell anemia. Differences in the levels of HbF that persist into adulthood affect the severity of sickle cell disease and the β-thalassemia syndromes. Sry type HMG box (SOX6) is a potent silencer of HbF. Here, we reactivated γ-globin expression by downregulating SOX6 to alleviate anemia in the β-thalassemia patients. Methods SOX6 was downregulated by lentiviral RNAi (RNA interference) in K562 cell line and an in vitro culture model of human erythropoiesis in which erythroblasts are derived from the normal donor mononuclear cells (MNC) or β-thalassemia major MNC. The expression of γ-globin was analyzed by qPCR (quantitative real-time PCR) and WB (western blot). Results Our data showed that downregulation of SOX6 induces γ-globin production in K562 cell line and human erythrocytes from normal donors and β-thalassemia major donors, without altering erythroid maturation. Conclusions This is the first report on γ-globin induction by downregulation of SOX6 in human erythroblasts derived from β-thalassemia major.
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Unravelling pathways downstream Sox6 induction in K562 erythroid cells by proteomic analysis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14088. [PMID: 29074889 PMCID: PMC5658338 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14336-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The Sox6 transcription factor is crucial for terminal maturation of definitive red blood cells. Sox6-null mouse fetuses present misshapen and nucleated erythrocytes, due to impaired actin assembly and cytoskeleton stability. These defects are accompanied with a reduced survival of Sox6−/− red blood cells, resulting in a compensated anemia. Sox6-overexpression in K562 cells and in human primary ex vivo erythroid cultures enhances erythroid differentiation and leads to hemoglobinization, the hallmark of erythroid maturation. To obtain an overview on processes downstream to Sox6 expression, we performed a differential proteomic analysis on human erythroid K562 cells overexpressing Sox6. Sox6-overexpression induces dysregulation of 64 proteins, involved in cytoskeleton remodeling and in protein synthesis, folding and trafficking, key processes for erythroid maturation. Moreover, 43 out of 64 genes encoding for differentially expressed proteins contain within their proximal regulatory regions sites that are bound by SOX6 according to ENCODE ChIP-seq datasets and are possible direct SOX6 targets. SAR1B, one of the most induced proteins upon Sox6 overexpression, shares a conserved regulatory module, composed by a double SOX6 binding site and a GATA1 consensus, with the adjacent SEC24 A gene. Since both genes encode for COPII components, this element could concur to the coordinated expression of these proteins during erythropoiesis.
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Teplyakov E, Wu Q, Liu J, Pugacheva EM, Loukinov D, Boukaba A, Lobanenkov V, Strunnikov A. The downregulation of putative anticancer target BORIS/CTCFL in an addicted myeloid cancer cell line modulates the expression of multiple protein coding and ncRNA genes. Oncotarget 2017; 8:73448-73468. [PMID: 29088719 PMCID: PMC5650274 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The BORIS/CTCFL gene, is a testis-specific CTCF paralog frequently erroneously activated in cancer, although its exact role in cancer remains unclear. BORIS is both a transcription factor and an architectural chromatin protein. BORIS' normal role is to establish a germline-like gene expression and remodel the epigenetic landscape in testis; it similarly remodels chromatin when activated in human cancer. Critically, at least one cancer cell line, K562, is dependent on BORIS for its self-renewal and survival. Here, we downregulate BORIS expression in the K562 cancer cell line to investigate downstream pathways regulated by BORIS. RNA-seq analyses of both mRNA and small ncRNAs, including miRNA and piRNA, in the knock-down cells revealed a set of differentially expressed genes and pathways, including both testis-specific and general proliferation factors, as well as proteins involved in transcription regulation and cell physiology. The differentially expressed genes included important transcriptional regulators such as SOX6 and LIN28A. Data indicate that both direct binding of BORIS to promoter regions and locus-control activity via long-distance chromatin domain regulation are involved. The sum of findings suggests that BORIS activation in leukemia does not just recapitulate the germline, but creates a unique regulatory network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny Teplyakov
- Molecular Epigenetics Laboratory, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou, China.,The University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiongfang Wu
- Molecular Epigenetics Laboratory, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Molecular Epigenetics Laboratory, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Dmitry Loukinov
- NIH, NIAID, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Abdelhalim Boukaba
- Molecular Epigenetics Laboratory, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Alexander Strunnikov
- Molecular Epigenetics Laboratory, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou, China.,The University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Guo F, Han X, Wu Z, Cheng Z, Hu Q, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Liu C. ATF6a, a Runx2-activable transcription factor, is a new regulator of chondrocyte hypertrophy. J Cell Sci 2015; 129:717-28. [PMID: 26527399 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.169623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous research has shown that the spliced isoform of XBP1 (XBP1s) is an important downstream mediator of BMP2 and is involved in BMP2-stimulated chondrocyte differentiation. Herein, we report that ATF6 and its cleaved N-terminal cytoplasmic domain (known as ATF6a) are expressed in growth plate chondrocytes. We find that these proteins are differentially induced during BMP2-triggered chondrocyte differentiation. This differential expression probably results from the activation of the ATF6 gene by Runx2 and its repression by the Sox6 transcription factor. Runx2 and Sox6 act through their respective binding elements on the ATF6 gene. When overexpressed, ATF6 and ATF6a intensify chondrogenesis; our studies demonstrate that under the stimulation of ATF6 and ATF6a, chondrocytes tend to be hypertrophied and mineralized, a process leading to bone formation. By contrast, lowering expression of ATF6a by use of its specific siRNA suppresses chondrocyte differentiation. Moreover, ATF6a interacts with Runx2 and augments the Runx2-mediated hypertrophication of chondrocytes. Importantly, overexpression and knockdown of ATF6a during the chondrocyte hypertrophy process also led to altered expressions of IHH and PTHrP (also known as PTHLH). Taken together, these findings indicate that ATF6a favorably controls chondrogenesis and bone formation (1) by acting as a co-factor of Runx2 and enhancing Runx2-incited hypertrophic chondrocyte differentiation, and (2) by affecting IHH and PTHrP signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjin Guo
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Core Facility of Development Biology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xiaofeng Han
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Core Facility of Development Biology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Zhimeng Wu
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Core Facility of Development Biology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Zhi Cheng
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Core Facility of Development Biology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Qin Hu
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Core Facility of Development Biology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yunpeng Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yingxiong Wang
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Chuanju Liu
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, 10016 NY, USA
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11
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Wang J, Ding S, Duan Z, Xie Q, Zhang T, Zhang X, Wang Y, Chen X, Zhuang H, Lu F. Role of p14ARF-HDM2-p53 axis in SOX6-mediated tumor suppression. Oncogene 2015; 35:1692-702. [PMID: 26119940 PMCID: PMC4820682 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sex-determining region Y box 6 (SOX6) has been described as a tumor-suppressor gene in several cancers. Our previous work has suggested that SOX6 upregulated p21Waf1/Cip1(p21) expression in a p53-dependent manner; however, the underlying mechanism has remained elusive. In this study, we confirmed that SOX6 can suppress cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo by stabilizing p53 protein and subsequently upregulating p21. Co-immunoprecipitation and immunocytofluorescence assays demonstrated that SOX6 can promote formation of the p14ARF-HDM2-p53 ternary complex by promoting translocation of p14ARF (p14 alternate reading frame tumor suppressor) to the nucleoplasm, thereby inhibiting HDM2-mediated p53 nuclear export and degradation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation combined with PCR assay proved that SOX6 can bind to a potential binding site in the regulatory region of the c-Myc gene. Furthermore, we confirmed that SOX6 can downregulate the expression of c-Myc, as well as its direct target gene nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1), and that the SOX6-induced downregulation of NPM1 is linked to translocation of p14ARF to the nucleoplasm. Finally, we showed that the highly conserved high-mobility group (HMG) domain of SOX6 is required for SOX6-mediated p53 stabilization and tumor inhibitory activity. Collectively, these results reveal a new mechanism of SOX6-mediated tumor suppression involving p21 upregulation via the p14ARF-HDM2-p53 axis in an HMG domain-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - S Ding
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Z Duan
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Q Xie
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - T Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - X Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Y Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - X Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - H Zhuang
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - F Lu
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
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Asaduzzaman M, Kinoshita S, Bhuiyan SS, Asakawa S, Watabe S. Stimulatory and inhibitory mechanisms of slow muscle-specific myosin heavy chain gene expression in fish: transient and transgenic analysis of torafugu MYH(M86-2) promoter in zebrafish embryos. Exp Cell Res 2012; 319:820-37. [PMID: 23237989 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2012.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Revised: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The myosin heavy chain gene, MYHM86-2, exhibited restricted expression in slow muscle fibers of torafugu embryos and larvae, suggesting its functional roles for embryonic and larval muscle development. However, the transcriptional mechanisms involved in its expression are still ambiguous. The present study is the first extensive analysis of slow muscle-specific MYHM86-2 promoter in fish for identifying the cis-elements that are crucial for its expression. Combining both transient transfection and transgenic approaches, we demonstrated that the 2614bp 5'-flanking sequences of MYHM86-2 contain a sufficient promoter activity to drive gene expression specific to superficial slow muscle fibers. By cyclopamine treatment, we also demonstrated that the differentiation of such superficial slow muscle fibers depends on hedgehog signaling activity. The deletion analyses defined an upstream fragment necessary for repressing ectopic MYHM86-2 expression in the fast muscle fibers. The transcriptional mechanism that prevents MYHM86-2 expression in the fast muscle fibers is mediated through Sox6 binding elements. We also demonstrated that Sox6 may function as a transcriptional repressor of MYHM86-2 expression. We further discovered that nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) binding elements plays a key role and myocyte enhancer factor-2 (MEF2) binding elements participate in the transcriptional regulation of MYHM86-2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Asaduzzaman
- Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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Cantù C, Bosè F, Bianchi P, Reali E, Colzani MT, Cantù I, Barbarani G, Ottolenghi S, Witke W, Spinardi L, Ronchi AE. Defective erythroid maturation in gelsolin mutant mice. Haematologica 2012; 97:980-8. [PMID: 22271892 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2011.052522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During late differentiation, erythroid cells undergo profound changes involving actin filament remodeling. One of the proteins controlling actin dynamics is gelsolin, a calcium-activated actin filament severing and capping protein. Gelsolin-null (Gsn(-/-)) mice generated in a C57BL/6 background are viable and fertile.1 DESIGN AND METHODS We analyzed the functional roles of gelsolin in erythropoiesis by: (i) evaluating gelsolin expression in murine fetal liver cells at different stages of erythroid differentiation (using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis and immunohistochemistry), and (ii) characterizing embryonic and adult erythropoiesis in Gsn(-/-) BALB/c mice (morphology and erythroid cultures). RESULTS In the context of a BALB/c background, the Gsn(-/-) mutation causes embryonic death. Gsn(-/-) embryos show defective erythroid maturation with persistence of circulating nucleated cells. The few Gsn(-/-) mice reaching adulthood fail to recover from phenylhydrazine-induced acute anemia, revealing an impaired response to stress erythropoiesis. In in vitro differentiation assays, E13.5 fetal liver Gsn(-/-) cells failed to undergo terminal maturation, a defect partially rescued by Cytochalasin D, and mimicked by administration of Jasplakinolide to the wild-type control samples. CONCLUSIONS In BALB/c mice, gelsolin deficiency alters the equilibrium between erythrocyte actin polymerization and depolymerization, causing impaired terminal maturation. We suggest a non-redundant role for gelsolin in terminal erythroid differentiation, possibly contributing to the Gsn(-/-) mice lethality observed in mid-gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Cantù
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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An CI, Dong Y, Hagiwara N. Genome-wide mapping of Sox6 binding sites in skeletal muscle reveals both direct and indirect regulation of muscle terminal differentiation by Sox6. BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2011; 11:59. [PMID: 21985497 PMCID: PMC3239296 DOI: 10.1186/1471-213x-11-59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2011] [Accepted: 10/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Sox6 is a multi-faceted transcription factor involved in the terminal differentiation of many different cell types in vertebrates. It has been suggested that in mice as well as in zebrafish Sox6 plays a role in the terminal differentiation of skeletal muscle by suppressing transcription of slow fiber specific genes. In order to understand how Sox6 coordinately regulates the transcription of multiple fiber type specific genes during muscle development, we have performed ChIP-seq analyses to identify Sox6 target genes in mouse fetal myotubes and generated muscle-specific Sox6 knockout (KO) mice to determine the Sox6 null muscle phenotype in adult mice. Results We have identified 1,066 Sox6 binding sites using mouse fetal myotubes. The Sox6 binding sites were found to be associated with slow fiber-specific, cardiac, and embryonic isoform genes that are expressed in the sarcomere as well as transcription factor genes known to play roles in muscle development. The concurrently performed RNA polymerase II (Pol II) ChIP-seq analysis revealed that 84% of the Sox6 peak-associated genes exhibited little to no binding of Pol II, suggesting that the majority of the Sox6 target genes are transcriptionally inactive. These results indicate that Sox6 directly regulates terminal differentiation of muscle by affecting the expression of sarcomere protein genes as well as indirectly through influencing the expression of transcription factors relevant to muscle development. Gene expression profiling of Sox6 KO skeletal and cardiac muscle revealed a significant increase in the expression of the genes associated with Sox6 binding. In the absence of the Sox6 gene, there was dramatic upregulation of slow fiber-specific, cardiac, and embryonic isoform gene expression in Sox6 KO skeletal muscle and fetal isoform gene expression in Sox6 KO cardiac muscle, thus confirming the role Sox6 plays as a transcriptional suppressor in muscle development. Conclusions Our present data indicate that during development, Sox6 functions as a transcriptional suppressor of fiber type-specific and developmental isoform genes to promote functional specification of muscle which is critical for optimum muscle performance and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Il An
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA
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Hagiwara N. Sox6, jack of all trades: a versatile regulatory protein in vertebrate development. Dev Dyn 2011; 240:1311-21. [PMID: 21495113 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.22639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 20,000 genes are encoded in our genome, one tenth of which are thought to be transcription factors. Considering the complexity and variety of cell types generated during development, many transcription factors likely play multiple roles. Uncovering the versatile roles of Sox6 in vertebrate development sheds some light on how an organism efficiently utilizes the limited resources of transcription factors. The structure of the Sox6 gene itself may dictate its functional versatility. First, Sox6 contains no known regulatory domains; instead, it utilizes various cofactors. Second, Sox6 has a long 3'-UTR that contains multiple microRNA targets, thus its protein level is duly adjusted by cell type-specific microRNAs. Just combining these two characteristics alone makes Sox6 extremely versatile. To date, Sox6 has been reported to regulate differentiation of tissues of mesoderm, ectoderm, and endoderm origins, making Sox6 a truly multifaceted transcription factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuko Hagiwara
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA.
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