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Chung Y, Nam SK, Chang HE, Lee C, Kang GH, Lee HS, Park KU. Evaluation of an eight marker-panel including long mononucleotide repeat markers to detect microsatellite instability in colorectal, gastric, and endometrial cancers. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:1100. [PMID: 37953261 PMCID: PMC10641958 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11607-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accurate determination of microsatellite instability (MSI) status is critical for optimal treatment in cancer patients. Conventional MSI markers can sometimes display subtle shifts that are difficult to interpret, especially in non-colorectal cases. We evaluated an experimental eight marker-panel including long mononucleotide repeat (LMR) markers for detection of MSI. METHODS The eight marker-panel was comprised of five conventional markers (BAT-25, BAT-26, NR-21, NR-24, and NR-27) and three LMR markers (BAT-52, BAT-59 and BAT-62). MSI testing was performed against 300 specimens of colorectal, gastric, and endometrial cancers through PCR followed by capillary electrophoresis length analysis. RESULTS The MSI testing with eight marker-panel showed 99.3% (295/297) concordance with IHC analysis excluding 3 MMR-focal deficient cases. The sensitivity of BAT-59 and BAT-62 was higher than or comparable to that of conventional markers in gastric and endometrial cancer. The mean shift size was larger in LMR markers compared to conventional markers for gastric and endometrial cancers. CONCLUSIONS The MSI testing with eight maker-panel showed comparable performance with IHC analysis. The LMR markers, especially BAT-59 and BAT-62, showed high sensitivity and large shifts which can contribute to increased confidence in MSI classification, especially in gastric and endometrial cancers. Further study is needed with large number of samples for the validation of these LMR markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousun Chung
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Kyung Nam
- Department of Interdisciplinary Program in Cancer Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Eun Chang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Lee
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeong Hoon Kang
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Seung Lee
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyoung Un Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82 Gumi-ro 173, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 13620, Republic of Korea.
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El-Saadi MW, Tian X, Grames M, Ren M, Keys K, Li H, Knott E, Yin H, Huang S, Lu XH. Tracing brain genotoxic stress in Parkinson's disease with a novel single-cell genetic sensor. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabd1700. [PMID: 35427151 PMCID: PMC9012470 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abd1700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
To develop an in vivo tool to probe brain genotoxic stress, we designed a viral proxy as a single-cell genetic sensor termed PRISM that harnesses the instability of recombinant adeno-associated virus genome processing and a hypermutable repeat sequence-dependent reporter. PRISM exploits the virus-host interaction to probe persistent neuronal DNA damage and overactive DNA damage response. A Parkinson's disease (PD)-associated environmental toxicant, paraquat (PQ), inflicted neuronal genotoxic stress sensitively detected by PRISM. The most affected cell type in PD, dopaminergic (DA) neurons in substantia nigra, was distinguished by a high level of genotoxic stress following PQ exposure. Human alpha-synuclein proteotoxicity and propagation also triggered genotoxic stress in nigral DA neurons in a transgenic mouse model. Genotoxic stress is a prominent feature in PD patient brains. Our results reveal that PD-associated etiological factors precipitated brain genotoxic stress and detail a useful tool for probing the pathogenic significance in aging and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison Wynne El-Saadi
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Neuroscience, Louisiana State University Health, Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA
| | - Xinli Tian
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Neuroscience, Louisiana State University Health, Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA
| | - Mychal Grames
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Neuroscience, Louisiana State University Health, Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA
| | - Michael Ren
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Neuroscience, Louisiana State University Health, Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA
| | - Kelsea Keys
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Neuroscience, Louisiana State University Health, Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA
| | - Hanna Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Neuroscience, Louisiana State University Health, Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA
| | - Erika Knott
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Neuroscience, Louisiana State University Health, Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA
| | - Hong Yin
- Feist-Weiller Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health, Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA
| | - Shile Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health, Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA
| | - Xiao-Hong Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Neuroscience, Louisiana State University Health, Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA
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Replicative history marks transcriptional and functional disparity in the CD8 + T cell memory pool. Nat Immunol 2022; 23:791-801. [PMID: 35393592 PMCID: PMC7612726 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-022-01171-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Clonal expansion is a core aspect of T cell immunity. However, little is known with respect to the relationship between replicative history and the formation of distinct CD8+ memory T cell subgroups. To address this issue, we developed a genetic-tracing approach, termed the DivisionRecorder, that reports the extent of past proliferation of cell pools in vivo. Using this system to genetically ‘record’ the replicative history of different CD8+ T cell populations throughout a pathogen-specific immune response, we demonstrate that the central memory T cell (TCM) pool is marked by a higher number of prior divisions than the effector memory T cell pool, due to the combination of strong proliferative activity during the acute immune response and selective proliferative activity after pathogen clearance. Furthermore, by combining DivisionRecorder analysis with single cell transcriptomics and functional experiments, we show that replicative history identifies distinct cell pools within the TCM compartment. Specifically, we demonstrate that lowly divided TCM display enriched expression of stem-cell-associated genes, exist in a relatively quiescent state, and are superior in eliciting a proliferative recall response upon activation. These data provide the first evidence that a stem cell like memory T cell pool that reconstitutes the CD8+ T cell effector pool upon reinfection is marked by prior quiescence.
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4
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Lin JH, Chen S, Pallavajjala A, Guedes LB, Lotan TL, Bacher JW, Eshleman JR. Validation of Long Mononucleotide Repeat Markers for Detection of Microsatellite Instability. J Mol Diagn 2021; 24:144-157. [PMID: 34864149 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2021.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR) predicts response to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy in solid tumors. Long mononucleotide repeat (LMR) markers may improve the interpretation of microsatellite instability (MSI) assays. Our cohorts included mismatch repair (MMR) proficient and dMMR colorectal cancer (CRC) samples, MMR proficient and dMMR endometrial cancer (EC) samples, dMMR prostate cancer samples, MSI-high (MSI-H) samples of other cancer types, and MSI-low (MSI-L) samples of various cancer types. MMR status was determined by immunohistochemical staining and/or MSI Analysis System Version 1.2 (V1.2). The sensitivity and specificity of the LMR MSI panel for dMMR detection were both 100% in CRC. The sensitivity values of the MSI V1.2 and LMR MSI panels in EC were 88% and 98%, respectively, and the specificity values were both 100%. The sensitivity of the LMR panel was 75% in dMMR prostate cancer detected by immunohistochemistry. The 22 samples of other cancer types that were previously classified as MSI-H were also classified as MSI-H using the LMR MSI panel. For the 12 samples that were previously classified as MSI-L, 1 sample was classified as microsatellite stable using the LMR MSI panel, 8 as MSI-L, and 3 as MSI-H. The LMR MSI panel showed high concordance to the MSI V1.2 panel in CRC and greater sensitivity in EC. The LMR MSI panel improves dMMR detection in noncolorectal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- John H Lin
- The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Suping Chen
- The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Aparna Pallavajjala
- The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Liana B Guedes
- The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Tamara L Lotan
- The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - James R Eshleman
- The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
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Ferragut Cardoso AP, Banerjee M, Nail AN, Lykoudi A, States JC. miRNA dysregulation is an emerging modulator of genomic instability. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 76:120-131. [PMID: 33979676 PMCID: PMC8576067 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Genomic instability consists of a range of genetic alterations within the genome that contributes to tumor heterogeneity and drug resistance. It is a well-established characteristic of most cancer cells. Genome instability induction results from defects in DNA damage surveillance mechanisms, mitotic checkpoints and DNA repair machinery. Accumulation of genetic alterations ultimately sets cells towards malignant transformation. Recent studies suggest that miRNAs are key players in mediating genome instability. miRNAs are a class of small RNAs expressed in most somatic tissues and are part of the epigenome. Importantly, in many cancers, miRNA expression is dysregulated. Consequently, this review examines the role of miRNA dysregulation as a causal step for induction of genome instability and subsequent carcinogenesis. We focus specifically on mechanistic studies assessing miRNA(s) and specific subtypes of genome instability or known modes of genome instability. In addition, we provide insight on the existing knowledge gaps within the field and possible ways to address them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana P Ferragut Cardoso
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Mayukh Banerjee
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Alexandra N Nail
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Angeliki Lykoudi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - J Christopher States
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
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Long DR, Waalkes A, Panicker VP, Hause RJ, Salipante SJ. Identifying Optimal Loci for the Molecular Diagnosis of Microsatellite Instability. Clin Chem 2021; 66:1310-1318. [PMID: 33001187 DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/hvaa177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microsatellite instability (MSI) predicts oncological response to checkpoint blockade immunotherapies. Although microsatellite mutation is pathognomonic for the condition, loci have unequal diagnostic value for predicting MSI within and across cancer types. METHODS To better inform molecular diagnosis of MSI, we examined 9438 tumor-normal exome pairs and 901 whole genome sequence pairs from 32 different cancer types and cataloged genome-wide microsatellite instability events. Using a statistical framework, we identified microsatellite mutations that were predictive of MSI within and across cancer types. The diagnostic accuracy of different subsets of maximally informative markers was estimated computationally using a dedicated validation set. RESULTS Twenty-five cancer types exhibited hypermutated states consistent with MSI. Recurrently mutated microsatellites associated with MSI were identifiable in 15 cancer types, but were largely specific to individual cancer types. Cancer-specific microsatellite panels of 1 to 7 loci were needed to attain ≥95% diagnostic sensitivity and specificity for 11 cancer types, and in 8 of the cancer types, 100% sensitivity and specificity were achieved. Breast cancer required 800 loci to achieve comparable performance. We were unable to identify recurrent microsatellite mutations supporting reliable MSI diagnosis in ovarian tumors. Features associated with informative microsatellites were cataloged. CONCLUSIONS Most microsatellites informative for MSI are specific to particular cancer types, requiring the use of tissue-specific loci for optimal diagnosis. Limited numbers of markers are needed to provide accurate MSI diagnosis in most tumor types, but it is challenging to diagnose breast and ovarian cancers using predefined microsatellite locus panels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin R Long
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Adam Waalkes
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Varun P Panicker
- Department of Information Management, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Ronald J Hause
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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Weber TS, Perié L, Duffy KR. Inferring average generation via division-linked labeling. J Math Biol 2016; 73:491-523. [PMID: 26733310 DOI: 10.1007/s00285-015-0963-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
For proliferating cells subject to both division and death, how can one estimate the average generation number of the living population without continuous observation or a division-diluting dye? In this paper we provide a method for cell systems such that at each division there is an unlikely, heritable one-way label change that has no impact other than to serve as a distinguishing marker. If the probability of label change per cell generation can be determined and the proportion of labeled cells at a given time point can be measured, we establish that the average generation number of living cells can be estimated. Crucially, the estimator does not depend on knowledge of the statistics of cell cycle, death rates or total cell numbers. We explore the estimator's features through comparison with physiologically parameterized stochastic simulations and extrapolations from published data, using it to suggest new experimental designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom S Weber
- Hamilton Institute, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Leïla Perié
- Division of Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR168, Paris, France
| | - Ken R Duffy
- Hamilton Institute, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland.
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8
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Zhang S, Huo X, Li Z, Li X, Tang W, Li C, Guo M, Du X, Chen Z. Microsatellite instability detected in tumor-related genes in C57BL/6J mice with thymic lymphoma induced by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea. Mutat Res 2015; 782:7-16. [PMID: 26498208 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Revised: 09/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Microsatellite instability (MSI) has been observed within tumors and found to be closely associated with the degree of malignancy and prognosis in tumors. However, whether MSI in tumor-related genes can be induced by a chemical and whether a connection exists between MSI and tumors remain unclear. In the present study, we detected MSI in the tissues of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) treated mice by targeting to 5, 29, 30 microsatellite loci in 3 mismatch repair (MMR) genes, 1 DNA repair gene, and 5 tumor suppressor (TS) genes, respectively. Among 26 mice survived in the MNU-group, 18 (69%) mice presented thymic lymphomas. Moreover, 61% (11/18) of the tumors metastasized to the other organs, including the liver, spleen, and kidney. We examined 104 tissues from MNU-treated mice using the 64 loci, and found 8 MSI events involved 4 loci in 4 tissues types. The MSI incidence in MMR, DNA repair, and TS genes was 67% (2/3), 0% (0/1) and 40% (2/5), respectively. MSI occurrence in tumor and non-tumor tissues was 5.6% (1/18) and 0% (0/8) and that in metastasis and non-metastasis tissues was 7.1% (1/14) and 9.4% (6/64), showing no significant difference. MSI loci in intronic regions of Atm, Msh6 and p21 and MSI in the 3'UTR of Pms2 were detected in MNU-treated mice. Specifically, we found a loss of heterozygosity in intron of Atm (ATM-8) in one metastasis mouse. Four similar events occurred in p21 gene intron (P21-1) of another non-metastasis mouse. Another MSI was a heterozygous mutation existed in an Msh6 allele (MSH6-2) in metastasis mouse. We also found a homozygous 2-bp insertion in the 3'UTR of Pms2 in two non-metastasis mice. These results imply that MNU can induce MSI in MMR and TS genes in C57BL/6J mice. MSI frequency does not seem to be associated with tumorigenesis or metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangyue Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xueyun Huo
- School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Zhenkun Li
- School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Wang Tang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Changlong Li
- School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Meng Guo
- School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xiaoyan Du
- School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Zhenwen Chen
- School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Beijing 100069, China.
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Bacher JW, Sievers CK, Albrecht DM, Grimes IC, Weiss JM, Matkowskyj KA, Agni RM, Vyazunova I, Clipson L, Storts DR, Thliveris AT, Halberg RB. Improved Detection of Microsatellite Instability in Early Colorectal Lesions. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132727. [PMID: 26252492 PMCID: PMC4529134 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Microsatellite instability (MSI) occurs in over 90% of Lynch syndrome cancers and is considered a hallmark of the disease. MSI is an early event in colon tumor development, but screening polyps for MSI remains controversial because of reduced sensitivity compared to more advanced neoplasms. To increase sensitivity, we investigated the use of a novel type of marker consisting of long mononucleotide repeat (LMR) tracts. Adenomas from 160 patients, ranging in age from 29–55 years old, were screened for MSI using the new markers and compared with current marker panels and immunohistochemistry standards. Overall, 15 tumors were scored as MSI-High using the LMRs compared to 9 for the NCI panel and 8 for the MSI Analysis System (Promega). This difference represents at least a 1.7-fold increase in detection of MSI-High lesions over currently available markers. Moreover, the number of MSI-positive markers per sample and the size of allelic changes were significantly greater with the LMRs (p = 0.001), which increased confidence in MSI classification. The overall sensitivity and specificity of the LMR panel for detection of mismatch repair deficient lesions were 100% and 96%, respectively. In comparison, the sensitivity and specificity of the MSI Analysis System were 67% and 100%; and for the NCI panel, 75% and 97%. The difference in sensitivity between the LMR panel and the other panels was statistically significant (p<0.001). The increased sensitivity for detection of MSI-High phenotype in early colorectal lesions with the new LMR markers indicates that MSI screening for the early detection of Lynch syndrome might be feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffery W. Bacher
- Genetic Analysis Group, Promega Corporation, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Chelsie K. Sievers
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Dawn M. Albrecht
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Ian C. Grimes
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Jennifer M. Weiss
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Kristina A. Matkowskyj
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Rashmi M. Agni
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Irina Vyazunova
- Genetic Analysis Group, Promega Corporation, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Linda Clipson
- Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Douglas R. Storts
- Genetic Analysis Group, Promega Corporation, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Andrew T. Thliveris
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Richard B. Halberg
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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10
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Koole W, Tijsterman M. Mosaic analysis and tumor induction in zebrafish by microsatellite instability-mediated stochastic gene expression. Dis Model Mech 2014; 7:929-36. [PMID: 24487406 PMCID: PMC4073281 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.014365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mosaic analysis, in which two or more populations of cells with differing genotypes are studied in a single animal, is a powerful approach to study developmental mechanisms and gene function in vivo. Over recent years, several genetic methods have been developed to achieve mosaicism in zebrafish, but despite their advances, limitations remain and different approaches and further refinements are warranted. Here, we describe an alternative approach for creating somatic mosaicism in zebrafish that relies on the instability of microsatellite sequences during replication. We placed the coding sequences of various marker proteins downstream of a microsatellite and out-of-frame; in vivo frameshifting into the proper reading frame results in expression of the protein in random individual cells that are surrounded by wild-type cells. We optimized this approach for the binary Gal4-UAS expression system by generating a driver line and effector lines that stochastically express Gal4-VP16 or UAS:H2A-EGFP and self-maintaining UAS:H2A-EGFP-Kaloop, respectively. To demonstrate the utility of this system, we stochastically expressed a constitutively active form of the human oncogene H-RAS and show the occurrence of hyperpigmentation and sporadic tumors within 5 days. Our data demonstrate that inducing somatic mosaicism through microsatellite instability can be a valuable approach for mosaic analysis and tumor induction in Danio rerio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter Koole
- Department of Toxicogenetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333 ZC, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Tijsterman
- Department of Toxicogenetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333 ZC, The Netherlands.
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