1
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Ito M, Fujita Y, Shinohara A. Positive and negative regulators of RAD51/DMC1 in homologous recombination and DNA replication. DNA Repair (Amst) 2024; 134:103613. [PMID: 38142595 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2023.103613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
RAD51 recombinase plays a central role in homologous recombination (HR) by forming a nucleoprotein filament on single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) to catalyze homology search and strand exchange between the ssDNA and a homologous double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). The catalytic activity of RAD51 assembled on ssDNA is critical for the DNA-homology-mediated repair of DNA double-strand breaks in somatic and meiotic cells and restarting stalled replication forks during DNA replication. The RAD51-ssDNA complex also plays a structural role in protecting the regressed/reversed replication fork. Two types of regulators control RAD51 filament formation, stability, and dynamics, namely positive regulators, including mediators, and negative regulators, so-called remodelers. The appropriate balance of action by the two regulators assures genome stability. This review describes the roles of positive and negative RAD51 regulators in HR and DNA replication and its meiosis-specific homolog DMC1 in meiotic recombination. We also provide future study directions for a comprehensive understanding of RAD51/DMC1-mediated regulation in maintaining and inheriting genome integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Ito
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 3-2, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Yurika Fujita
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 3-2, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Akira Shinohara
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 3-2, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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2
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Emmenecker C, Mézard C, Kumar R. Repair of DNA double-strand breaks in plant meiosis: role of eukaryotic RecA recombinases and their modulators. PLANT REPRODUCTION 2023; 36:17-41. [PMID: 35641832 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-022-00443-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Homologous recombination during meiosis is crucial for the DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) repair that promotes the balanced segregation of homologous chromosomes and enhances genetic variation. In most eukaryotes, two recombinases RAD51 and DMC1 form nucleoprotein filaments on single-stranded DNA generated at DSB sites and play a central role in the meiotic DSB repair and genome stability. These nucleoprotein filaments perform homology search and DNA strand exchange to initiate repair using homologous template-directed sequences located elsewhere in the genome. Multiple factors can regulate the assembly, stability, and disassembly of RAD51 and DMC1 nucleoprotein filaments. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the meiotic functions of RAD51 and DMC1 and the role of their positive and negative modulators. We discuss the current models and regulators of homology searches and strand exchange conserved during plant meiosis. Manipulation of these repair factors during plant meiosis also holds a great potential to accelerate plant breeding for crop improvements and productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Côme Emmenecker
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, 78000, Versailles, France
- University of Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Christine Mézard
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, 78000, Versailles, France.
| | - Rajeev Kumar
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, 78000, Versailles, France.
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3
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Vines AJ, Cox K, Leland BA, King MC. Homology-directed repair involves multiple strand invasion cycles in fission yeast. Mol Biol Cell 2022; 33:ar30. [PMID: 35080989 PMCID: PMC9250353 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e20-07-0433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Homology-directed repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) represents a highly faithful pathway. Non–crossover repair dominates in mitotically growing cells, likely through a preference for synthesis-dependent strand annealing (SDSA). How homology-directed repair mechanism choice is orchestrated in time and space is not well understood. Here, we develop a microscopy-based assay in living fission yeast to determine the dynamics and kinetics of an engineered, site-specific interhomologue repair event. We observe highly efficient homology search and homology-directed repair in this system. Surprisingly, the initial distance between the DSB and the donor sequence does not correlate with the duration of repair. Instead, we observe that repair often involves multiple site-specific and Rad51-dependent colocalization events between the DSB and donor sequence. Upon loss of the RecQ helicase Rqh1 (BLM in humans) we observe rapid repair possibly involving a single strand invasion event, suggesting that multiple strand invasion cycles antagonized by Rqh1 could reflect ongoing SDSA. However, failure to colocalize with the donor sequence and execute repair is also more likely in rqh1Δ cells, possibly reflecting erroneous strand invasion. This work has implications for the molecular etiology of Bloom syndrome, caused by mutations in BLM and characterized by aberrant sister chromatid crossovers and inefficient repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Vines
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, Connecticut, USA, 06520
| | - Kenneth Cox
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, Connecticut, USA, 06520
| | - Bryan A Leland
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, Connecticut, USA, 06520
| | - Megan C King
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, Connecticut, USA, 06520
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4
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McGlacken-Byrne SM, Le Quesne Stabej P, Del Valle I, Ocaka L, Gagunashvili A, Crespo B, Moreno N, James C, Bacchelli C, Dattani MT, Williams HJ, Kelberman D, Achermann JC, Conway GS. ZSWIM7 Is Associated With Human Female Meiosis and Familial Primary Ovarian Insufficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:e254-e263. [PMID: 34402903 PMCID: PMC8684494 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) affects 1% of women and is associated with significant medical consequences. A genetic cause for POI can be found in up to 30% of women, elucidating key roles for these genes in human ovary development. OBJECTIVE We aimed to identify the genetic mechanism underlying early-onset POI in 2 sisters from a consanguineous pedigree. METHODS Genome sequencing and variant filtering using an autosomal recessive model was performed in the 2 affected sisters and their unaffected family members. Quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR) and RNA sequencing were used to study the expression of key genes at critical stages of human fetal gonad development (Carnegie Stage 22/23, 9 weeks post conception (wpc), 11 wpc, 15/16 wpc, 19/20 wpc) and in adult tissue. RESULTS Only 1 homozygous variant cosegregating with the POI phenotype was found: a single nucleotide substitution in zinc finger SWIM-type containing 7 (ZSWIM7), NM_001042697.2: c.173C > G; resulting in predicted loss-of-function p.(Ser58*). qRT-PCR demonstrated higher expression of ZSWIM7 in the 15/16 wpc ovary compared with testis, corresponding to peak meiosis in the fetal ovary. RNA sequencing of fetal gonad samples showed that ZSWIM7 has a similar temporal expression profile in the developing ovary to other homologous recombination genes. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Disruption of ZSWIM7 is associated with POI in humans. ZSWIM7 is likely to be important for human homologous recombination; these findings expand the range of genes associated with POI in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinéad M McGlacken-Byrne
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
- Institute for Women’s Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
- Correspondence: Sinéad McGlacken-Byrne, Wellcome Trust Clinical Training Fellow, Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, WC1N 1EH, UK.
| | - Polona Le Quesne Stabej
- GOSgene, Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ignacio Del Valle
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Louise Ocaka
- GOSgene, Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Andrey Gagunashvili
- GOSgene, Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Berta Crespo
- Developmental Biology and Cancer, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Nadjeda Moreno
- Developmental Biology and Cancer, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Chela James
- GOSgene, Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Chiara Bacchelli
- GOSgene, Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Mehul T Dattani
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Hywel J Williams
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4AY, UK
| | - Dan Kelberman
- GOSgene, Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - John C Achermann
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Gerard S Conway
- Institute for Women’s Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
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5
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Tan X, He Y, Li Z, Wang Q, Du X, Liu J, Li B. Epigenetic silencing of bovine meiosis-specific recombinase Dmc1 by DNA methylation. ALL LIFE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/26895293.2021.2001383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofan Tan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu He
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zongzhe Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qihui Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuehai Du
- Liaoning Provincial Animal Husbandry Development Center, Liaoning Province Agricultural Development Service Center, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingge Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jinling Institute of Technology, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bojiang Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
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6
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Prakash R, Sandoval T, Morati F, Zagelbaum JA, Lim PX, White T, Taylor B, Wang R, Desclos ECB, Sullivan MR, Rein HL, Bernstein KA, Krawczyk PM, Gautier J, Modesti M, Vanoli F, Jasin M. Distinct pathways of homologous recombination controlled by the SWS1-SWSAP1-SPIDR complex. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4255. [PMID: 34253720 PMCID: PMC8275761 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24205-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Homology-directed repair (HDR), a critical DNA repair pathway in mammalian cells, is complex, leading to multiple outcomes with different impacts on genomic integrity. However, the factors that control these different outcomes are often not well understood. Here we show that SWS1-SWSAP1-SPIDR controls distinct types of HDR. Despite their requirement for stable assembly of RAD51 recombinase at DNA damage sites, these proteins are not essential for intra-chromosomal HDR, providing insight into why patients and mice with mutations are viable. However, SWS1-SWSAP1-SPIDR is critical for inter-homolog HDR, the first mitotic factor identified specifically for this function. Furthermore, SWS1-SWSAP1-SPIDR drives the high level of sister-chromatid exchange, promotes long-range loss of heterozygosity often involved with cancer initiation, and impels the poor growth of BLM helicase-deficient cells. The relevance of these genetic interactions is evident as SWSAP1 loss prolongs Blm-mutant embryo survival, suggesting a possible druggable target for the treatment of Bloom syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Prakash
- Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Thomas Sandoval
- Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Florian Morati
- Cancer Research Center of Marseille, CNRS, Inserm, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Jennifer A Zagelbaum
- Department of Genetics and Development and Institute for Cancer Genetics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pei-Xin Lim
- Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Travis White
- Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brett Taylor
- Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Raymond Wang
- Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Emilie C B Desclos
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Meghan R Sullivan
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Hayley L Rein
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kara A Bernstein
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Przemek M Krawczyk
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jean Gautier
- Department of Genetics and Development and Institute for Cancer Genetics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mauro Modesti
- Cancer Research Center of Marseille, CNRS, Inserm, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Fabio Vanoli
- Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maria Jasin
- Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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7
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Muhtadi R, Lorenz A, Mpaulo SJ, Siebenwirth C, Scherthan H. Catalase T-Deficient Fission Yeast Meiocytes Show Resistance to Ionizing Radiation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9090881. [PMID: 32957622 PMCID: PMC7555645 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9090881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental stress, reactive oxygen species (ROS), or ionizing radiation (IR) can induce adverse effects in organisms and their cells, including mutations and premature aging. DNA damage and its faulty repair can lead to cell death or promote cancer through the accumulation of mutations. Misrepair in germ cells is particularly dangerous as it may lead to alterations in developmental programs and genetic disease in the offspring. DNA damage pathways and radical defense mechanisms mediate resistance to genotoxic stresses. Here, we investigated, in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, the role of the H2O2-detoxifying enzyme cytosolic catalase T (Ctt1) and the Fe2+/Mn2+ symporter Pcl1 in protecting meiotic chromosome dynamics and gamete formation from radicals generated by ROS and IR. We found that wild-type and pcl1-deficient cells respond similarly to X ray doses of up to 300 Gy, while ctt1∆ meiocytes showed a moderate sensitivity to IR but a hypersensitivity to hydrogen peroxide with cells dying at >0.4 mM H2O2. Meiocytes deficient for pcl1, on the other hand, showed a resistance to hydrogen peroxide similar to that of the wild type, surviving doses >40 mM. In all, it appears that in the absence of the main H2O2-detoxifying pathway S. pombe meiocytes are able to survive significant doses of IR-induced radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razan Muhtadi
- Institut für Radiobiologie der Bundeswehr in Verb. mit der Universität Ulm, Neuherbergstr. 11, D-80937 Munich, Germany; (R.M.); (C.S.)
| | - Alexander Lorenz
- Institute of Medical Sciences (IMS), University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK; (A.L.); (S.J.M.)
| | - Samantha J. Mpaulo
- Institute of Medical Sciences (IMS), University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK; (A.L.); (S.J.M.)
| | - Christian Siebenwirth
- Institut für Radiobiologie der Bundeswehr in Verb. mit der Universität Ulm, Neuherbergstr. 11, D-80937 Munich, Germany; (R.M.); (C.S.)
| | - Harry Scherthan
- Institut für Radiobiologie der Bundeswehr in Verb. mit der Universität Ulm, Neuherbergstr. 11, D-80937 Munich, Germany; (R.M.); (C.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-89-992692-2272
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8
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Sandhu R, Monge Neria F, Monge Neria J, Chen X, Hollingsworth NM, Börner GV. DNA Helicase Mph1 FANCM Ensures Meiotic Recombination between Parental Chromosomes by Dissociating Precocious Displacement Loops. Dev Cell 2020; 53:458-472.e5. [PMID: 32386601 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Meiotic pairing between parental chromosomes (homologs) is required for formation of haploid gametes. Homolog pairing depends on recombination initiation via programmed double-strand breaks (DSBs). Although DSBs appear prior to pairing, the homolog, rather than the sister chromatid, is used as repair partner for crossing over. Here, we show that Mph1, the budding yeast ortholog of Fanconi anemia helicase FANCM, prevents precocious DSB strand exchange between sister chromatids before homologs have completed pairing. By dissociating precocious DNA displacement loops (D-loops) between sister chromatids, Mph1FANCM ensures high levels of crossovers and non-crossovers between homologs. Later-occurring recombination events are protected from Mph1-mediated dissociation by synapsis protein Zip1. Increased intersister repair in absence of Mph1 triggers a shift among remaining interhomolog events from non-crossovers to crossover-specific strand exchange, explaining Mph1's apparent anti-crossover function. Our findings identify temporal coordination between DSB strand exchange and homolog pairing as a critical determinant for recombination outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rima Sandhu
- Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease and Department of Biological Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA
| | - Francisco Monge Neria
- Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease and Department of Biological Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA
| | - Jesús Monge Neria
- Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease and Department of Biological Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA
| | - Xiangyu Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Nancy M Hollingsworth
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - G Valentin Börner
- Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease and Department of Biological Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
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9
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Brown SD, Audoynaud C, Lorenz A. Intragenic meiotic recombination in Schizosaccharomyces pombe is sensitive to environmental temperature changes. Chromosome Res 2020; 28:195-207. [PMID: 32303869 PMCID: PMC7242256 DOI: 10.1007/s10577-020-09632-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Changes in environmental temperature influence cellular processes and their dynamics, and thus affect the life cycle of organisms that are unable to control their cell/body temperature. Meiotic recombination is the cellular process essential for producing healthy haploid gametes by providing physical links (chiasmata) between homologous chromosomes to guide their accurate segregation. Additionally, meiotic recombination—initiated by programmed DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs)—can generate genetic diversity and, therefore, is a driving force of evolution. Environmental temperature influencing meiotic recombination outcome thus may be a crucial determinant of reproductive success and genetic diversity. Indeed, meiotic recombination frequency in fungi, plants and invertebrates changes with temperature. In most organisms, these temperature-induced changes in meiotic recombination seem to be mediated through the meiosis-specific chromosome axis organization, the synaptonemal complex in particular. The fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe does not possess a synaptonemal complex. Thus, we tested how environmental temperature modulates meiotic recombination frequency in the absence of a fully-fledged synaptonemal complex. We show that intragenic recombination (gene conversion) positively correlates with temperature within a certain range, especially at meiotic recombination hotspots. In contrast, crossover recombination, which manifests itself as chiasmata, is less affected. Based on our observations, we suggest that, in addition to changes in DSB frequency, DSB processing could be another temperature-sensitive step causing temperature-induced recombination rate alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon D Brown
- The Institute of Medical Sciences (IMS), University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
- MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Charlotte Audoynaud
- The Institute of Medical Sciences (IMS), University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, UMR3348-CNRS, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Alexander Lorenz
- The Institute of Medical Sciences (IMS), University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK.
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10
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Brown SD, Mpaulo SJ, Asogwa MN, Jézéquel M, Whitby MC, Lorenz A. DNA sequence differences are determinants of meiotic recombination outcome. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16446. [PMID: 31712578 PMCID: PMC6848502 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52907-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Meiotic recombination is essential for producing healthy gametes, and also generates genetic diversity. DNA double-strand break (DSB) formation is the initiating step of meiotic recombination, producing, among other outcomes, crossovers between homologous chromosomes (homologs), which provide physical links to guide accurate chromosome segregation. The parameters influencing DSB position and repair are thus crucial determinants of reproductive success and genetic diversity. Using Schizosaccharomyces pombe, we show that the distance between sequence polymorphisms across homologs has a strong impact on meiotic recombination rate. The closer the sequence polymorphisms are to each other across the homologs the fewer recombination events were observed. In the immediate vicinity of DSBs, sequence polymorphisms affect the frequency of intragenic recombination events (gene conversions). Additionally, and unexpectedly, the crossover rate of flanking markers tens of kilobases away from the sequence polymorphisms was affected by their relative position to each other amongst the progeny having undergone intragenic recombination. A major regulator of this distance-dependent effect is the MutSα-MutLα complex consisting of Msh2, Msh6, Mlh1, and Pms1. Additionally, the DNA helicases Rqh1 and Fml1 shape recombination frequency, although the effects seen here are largely independent of the relative position of the sequence polymorphisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon D Brown
- The Institute of Medical Sciences (IMS), University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
- MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Samantha J Mpaulo
- The Institute of Medical Sciences (IMS), University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Mimi N Asogwa
- The Institute of Medical Sciences (IMS), University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Marie Jézéquel
- The Institute of Medical Sciences (IMS), University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Matthew C Whitby
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Alexander Lorenz
- The Institute of Medical Sciences (IMS), University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK.
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11
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Colas I, Barakate A, Macaulay M, Schreiber M, Stephens J, Vivera S, Halpin C, Waugh R, Ramsay L. desynaptic5 carries a spontaneous semi-dominant mutation affecting Disrupted Meiotic cDNA 1 in barley. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:2683-2698. [PMID: 31028386 PMCID: PMC6509107 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Despite conservation of the process of meiosis, recombination landscapes vary between species, with large genome grasses such as barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) exhibiting a pattern of recombination that is very heavily skewed to the ends of chromosomes. We have been using a collection of semi-sterile desynaptic meiotic mutant lines to help elucidate how recombination is controlled in barley and the role of the corresponding wild-type (WT) meiotic genes within this process. Here we applied a combination of genetic segregation analysis, cytogenetics, and immunocytology to genetically map and characterize the meiotic mutant desynaptic5 (des5). We identified an exonic insertion in the positional candidate ortholog of Disrupted Meiotic cDNA 1 (HvDMC1) on chromosome 5H of des5. des5 exhibits a severe meiotic phenotype with disturbed synapsis, reduced crossovers, and chromosome mis-segregation. The meiotic phenotype and reduced fertility of des5 is similarly observed in Hvdmc1RNAi transgenic plants and HvDMC1p:GusPlus reporter lines show DMC1 expression specifically in the developing inflorescence. The des5 mutation maintains the reading frame of the gene and exhibits semi-dominance with respect to recombination in the heterozygote indicating the value of non-knockout mutations for dissection of the control of recombination in the early stages of meiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Colas
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Abdellah Barakate
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Dundee at The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Malcolm Macaulay
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Miriam Schreiber
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Jennifer Stephens
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Sebastian Vivera
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Dundee at The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Claire Halpin
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Dundee at The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Robbie Waugh
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, Scotland, UK
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Dundee at The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Luke Ramsay
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, Scotland, UK
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12
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Li D, Roca M, Yuecel R, Lorenz A. Immediate visualization of recombination events and chromosome segregation defects in fission yeast meiosis. Chromosoma 2019; 128:385-396. [PMID: 30739171 PMCID: PMC6823302 DOI: 10.1007/s00412-019-00691-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Schizosaccharomyces pombe, also known as fission yeast, is an established model for studying chromosome biological processes. Over the years, research employing fission yeast has made important contributions to our knowledge about chromosome segregation during meiosis, as well as meiotic recombination and its regulation. Quantification of meiotic recombination frequency is not a straightforward undertaking, either requiring viable progeny for a genetic plating assay, or relying on laborious Southern blot analysis of recombination intermediates. Neither of these methods lends itself to high-throughput screens to identify novel meiotic factors. Here, we establish visual assays novel to Sz. pombe for characterizing chromosome segregation and meiotic recombination phenotypes. Genes expressing red, yellow, and/or cyan fluorophores from spore-autonomous promoters have been integrated into the fission yeast genomes, either close to the centromere of chromosome 1 to monitor chromosome segregation, or on the arm of chromosome 3 to form a genetic interval at which recombination frequency can be determined. The visual recombination assay allows straightforward and immediate assessment of the genetic outcome of a single meiosis by epi-fluorescence microscopy without requiring tetrad dissection. We also demonstrate that the recombination frequency analysis can be automatized by utilizing imaging flow cytometry to enable high-throughput screens. These assays have several advantages over traditional methods for analyzing meiotic phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitriy Li
- Institute of Medical Sciences (IMS), University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
- Iain Fraser Cytometry Centre (IFCC), University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Marianne Roca
- Institute of Medical Sciences (IMS), University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement de Villefranche-sur-Mer (LBDV), Sorbonne Université, 06230, Villefranche-sur-Mer, France
| | - Raif Yuecel
- Institute of Medical Sciences (IMS), University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
- Iain Fraser Cytometry Centre (IFCC), University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Alexander Lorenz
- Institute of Medical Sciences (IMS), University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK.
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CDK contribution to DSB formation and recombination in fission yeast meiosis. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1007876. [PMID: 30640914 PMCID: PMC6331086 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
CDKs (cyclin-dependent kinases) associate with different cyclins to form different CDK-complexes that are fundamental for an ordered cell cycle progression, and the coordination of this progression with different aspects of the cellular physiology. During meiosis programmed DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) initiate recombination that in addition to generating genetic variability are essential for the reductional chromosome segregation during the first meiotic division, and therefore for genome stability and viability of the gametes. However, how meiotic progression and DSB formation are coordinated, and the role CDKs have in the process, is not well understood. We have used single and double cyclin deletion mutants, and chemical inhibition of global CDK activity using the cdc2-asM17 allele, to address the requirement of CDK activity for DSB formation and recombination in fission yeast. We report that several cyclins (Cig1, Cig2, and the meiosis-specific Crs1) control DSB formation and recombination, with a major contribution of Crs1. Moreover, complementation analysis indicates specificity at least for this cyclin, suggesting that different CDK complexes might act in different pathways to promote recombination. Down-regulation of CDK activity impinges on the formation of linear elements (LinEs, protein complexes required for break formation at most DSB hotspot sites). This defect correlates with a reduction in the capability of one structural component (Rec25) to bind chromatin, suggesting a molecular mechanism by which CDK controls break formation. However, reduction in DSB formation in cyclin deletion mutants does not always correspondingly correlate with a proportional reduction in meiotic recombination (crossovers), suggesting that specific CDK complexes might also control downstream events balancing repair pathways. Therefore, our work points to CDK regulation of DSB formation as a key conserved feature in the initiation of meiotic recombination, in addition to provide a view of possible roles CDK might have in other steps of the recombination process. Meiotic division is a cell division process where a single round of DNA replication is followed by two sequential chromosome segregations, the first reductional (homologous chromosomes separate) and the second equational (sister chromatids segregate). As a consequence diploid organisms halve ploidy, producing haploid gametes that after fertilization generate a new diploid organism with a complete chromosome complement. At early stages of meiosis physical exchange between homologous chromosomes ensures the accurate following reductional segregation. Physical exchange is provided by recombination that initiates with highly-controlled self-inflicted DNA damage (DSBs, double strand breaks). We have found that the conserved CDK (cyclin-dependent kinase) activity controls DSB formation in fission yeast. Available data were uncertain about the conservation of CDK in the process, and thus our work points to a broad evolutionary conservation of this regulation. Regulation is exerted at least by controlling chromatin-binding of one structural component of linear elements, a protein complex related to the synaptonemal complex and required for high levels of DSBs. Correspondingly, depletion of CDK activity impairs formation of these structures. In addition, CDK might control homeostatic mechanisms, critical to maintain efficient levels of recombination across the genome and, therefore, high rates of genetic exchange between parental chromosomes.
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Shu complex SWS1-SWSAP1 promotes early steps in mouse meiotic recombination. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3961. [PMID: 30305635 PMCID: PMC6180034 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06384-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The DNA-damage repair pathway homologous recombination (HR) requires factors that promote the activity of strand-exchange protein RAD51 and its meiosis-specific homolog DMC1. Here we show that the Shu complex SWS1-SWSAP1, a candidate for one such HR regulator, is dispensable for mouse viability but essential for male and female fertility, promoting the assembly of RAD51 and DMC1 on early meiotic HR intermediates. Only a fraction of mutant meiocytes progress to form crossovers, which are crucial for chromosome segregation, demonstrating crossover homeostasis. Remarkably, loss of the DNA damage checkpoint kinase CHK2 rescues fertility in females without rescuing crossover numbers. Concomitant loss of the BRCA2 C terminus aggravates the meiotic defects in Swsap1 mutant spermatocytes, suggesting an overlapping role with the Shu complex during meiotic HR. These results demonstrate an essential role for SWS1-SWSAP1 in meiotic progression and emphasize the complex interplay of factors that ensure recombinase function. Homologous recombination ensures genome integrity during meiotic recombination. Here the authors reveal that factors SWS1 and SWSAP1 are critical for meiotic homologues recombination, particularly in promoting assembly of RAD51 and DMC1 on early recombination intermediates.
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15
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Genetic interactions between the chromosome axis-associated protein Hop1 and homologous recombination determinants in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Curr Genet 2018; 64:1089-1104. [PMID: 29550859 PMCID: PMC6153652 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-018-0827-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hop1 is a component of the meiosis-specific chromosome axis and belongs to the evolutionarily conserved family of HORMA domain proteins. Hop1 and its orthologs in higher eukaryotes are a major factor in promoting double-strand DNA break formation and inter-homolog recombination. In budding yeast and mammals, they are also involved in a meiotic checkpoint kinase cascade monitoring the completion of double-strand DNA break repair. We used the fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, which lacks a canonical synaptonemal complex to test whether Hop1 has a role beyond supporting the generation of double-strand DNA breaks and facilitating inter-homolog recombination events. We determined how mutants of homologous recombination factors genetically interact with hop1, studied the role(s) of the HORMA domain of Hop1, and characterized a bio-informatically predicted interactor of Hop1, Aho1 (SPAC688.03c). Our observations indicate that in fission yeast, Hop1 does require its HORMA domain to support wild-type levels of meiotic recombination and localization to meiotic chromatin. Furthermore, we show that hop1∆ only weakly interacts genetically with mutants of homologous recombination factors, and in fission yeast likely has no major role beyond break formation and promoting inter-homolog events. We speculate that after the evolutionary loss of the synaptonemal complex, Hop1 likely has become less important for modulating recombination outcome during meiosis in fission yeast, and that this led to a concurrent rewiring of genetic pathways controlling meiotic recombination.
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16
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Lorenz A. Modulation of meiotic homologous recombination by DNA helicases. Yeast 2017; 34:195-203. [PMID: 27930825 DOI: 10.1002/yea.3227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA helicases are ATP-driven motor proteins which translocate along DNA capable of dismantling DNA-DNA interactions and/or removing proteins bound to DNA. These biochemical capabilities make DNA helicases main regulators of crucial DNA metabolic processes, including DNA replication, DNA repair, and genetic recombination. This budding topic will focus on reviewing the function of DNA helicases important for homologous recombination during meiosis, and discuss recent advances in how these modulators of meiotic recombination are themselves regulated. The emphasis is placed on work in the two model yeasts, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe, which has vastly expanded our understanding of meiotic homologous recombination, a process whose correct execution is instrumental for healthy gamete formation, and thus functioning sexual reproduction. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Lorenz
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
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Reichman R, Alleva B, Smolikove S. Prophase I: Preparing Chromosomes for Segregation in the Developing Oocyte. Results Probl Cell Differ 2017; 59:125-173. [PMID: 28247048 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-44820-6_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Formation of an oocyte involves a specialized cell division termed meiosis. In meiotic prophase I (the initial stage of meiosis), chromosomes undergo elaborate events to ensure the proper segregation of their chromosomes into gametes. These events include processes leading to the formation of a crossover that, along with sister chromatid cohesion, forms the physical link between homologous chromosomes. Crossovers are formed as an outcome of recombination. This process initiates with programmed double-strand breaks that are repaired through the use of homologous chromosomes as a repair template. The accurate repair to form crossovers takes place in the context of the synaptonemal complex, a protein complex that links homologous chromosomes in meiotic prophase I. To allow proper execution of meiotic prophase I events, signaling processes connect different steps in recombination and synapsis. The events occurring in meiotic prophase I are a prerequisite for proper chromosome segregation in the meiotic divisions. When these processes go awry, chromosomes missegregate. These meiotic errors are thought to increase with aging and may contribute to the increase in aneuploidy observed in advanced maternal age female oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Reichman
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Benjamin Alleva
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Sarit Smolikove
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
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The RecQ DNA helicase Rqh1 constrains Exonuclease 1-dependent recombination at stalled replication forks. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22837. [PMID: 26957021 PMCID: PMC4783781 DOI: 10.1038/srep22837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair by homologous recombination (HR) involves resection of the break to expose a 3' single-stranded DNA tail. In budding yeast, resection occurs in two steps: initial short-range resection, performed by Mre11-Rad50-Xrs2 and Sae2; and long-range resection catalysed by either Exo1 or Sgs1-Dna2. Here we use genetic assays to investigate the importance of Exo1 and the Sgs1 homologue Rqh1 for DNA repair and promotion of direct repeat recombination in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. We find that Exo1 and Rqh1 function in alternative redundant pathways for promoting survival following replication fork breakage. Exo1 promotes replication fork barrier-induced direct repeat recombination but intriguingly limits recombination induced by fork breakage. Direct repeat recombination induced by ultraviolet light depends on either Exo1 or Rqh1. Finally, we show that Rqh1 plays a major role in limiting Exo1-dependent direct repeat recombination induced by replication fork stalling but only a minor role in constraining recombination induced by fork breakage. The implications of our findings are discussed in the context of the benefits that long-range resection may bring to processing perturbed replication forks.
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19
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Lorenz A. New cassettes for single-step drug resistance and prototrophic marker switching in fission yeast. Yeast 2015; 32:703-10. [PMID: 26305038 DOI: 10.1002/yea.3097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Construction of multiply mutated strains for genetic interaction analysis and of strains carrying different epitope tags at multiple open reading frames for testing protein localization, abundance and protein-protein interactions is hampered by the availability of a sufficient number of different selectable markers. Moreover, strains with single gene deletions or tags often already exist in strain collections; for historical reasons these will mostly carry the ura4(+) gene or the G418-resistance kanMX as marker. Because it is rather cumbersome to produce multiply deleted or tagged strains using the same marker, or to completely reconstruct a particular strain with a different marker, single-step exchange protocols of markers are a time-saving alternative. In recent years, dominant drug resistance markers (DDRMs) against clonNAT, hygromycin B and bleomycin have been adapted and successfully used in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. The corresponding DDRM cassettes, natMX, hphMX and bleMX, carry the TEF promotor and terminator sequences from Ashbya gossypii as kanMX; this provides flanking homologies to enable single-step marker swapping by homologous gene targeting. To expand this very useful toolset for single-step marker exchange, I constructed MX cassettes containing the nutritional markers arg3(+), his3(+), leu1(+) and ura4(+). Furthermore, a set of constructs was created to enable single-step exchange of ura4(+) to kanMX6, natMX4 and hphMX4. The functionality of the cassettes is demonstrated by successful single-step marker swapping at several loci. These constructs allow straightforward and rapid remarking of existing ura4(+) - and MX-deleted and -tagged strains.
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