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Chang X, Qu F, Li C, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Xie Y, Fan Z, Bian J, Wang J, Li Z, Xu X. Development and therapeutic potential of GSPT1 molecular glue degraders: A medicinal chemistry perspective. Med Res Rev 2024; 44:1727-1767. [PMID: 38314926 DOI: 10.1002/med.22024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Unprecedented therapeutic targeting of previously undruggable proteins has now been achieved by molecular-glue-mediated proximity-induced degradation. As a small GTPase, G1 to S phase transition 1 (GSPT1) interacts with eRF1, the translation termination factor, to facilitate the process of translation termination. Studied demonstrated that GSPT1 plays a vital role in the acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and MYC-driven lung cancer. Thus, molecular glue (MG) degraders targeting GSPT1 is a novel and promising approach for treating AML and MYC-driven cancers. In this Perspective, we briefly summarize the structural and functional aspects of GSPT1, highlighting the latest advances and challenges in MG degraders, as well as some representative patents. The structure-activity relationships, mechanism of action and pharmacokinetic features of MG degraders are emphasized to provide a comprehensive compendium on the rational design of GSPT1 MG degraders. We hope to provide an updated overview, and design guide for strategies targeting GSPT1 for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujin Chang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fangui Qu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunxiao Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingtian Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanqing Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xie
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhongpeng Fan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinlei Bian
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jubo Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiyu Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xi Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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2
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Wada M, Ito K. Human ABCE1 exhibits temperature-dependent heterologous co-functionality in S. cerevisiae. FEBS Open Bio 2022; 12:1782-1787. [PMID: 35792803 PMCID: PMC9527587 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
ABCE1 protein (Rli1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae) is a unique ribosome recycling factor that is composed of an N-terminal FeS cluster domain and two ATPase domains. Here, we report that heterologous expression of human ABCE1 in S. cerevisiae is unable to complement conditional knockout of ABCE1 (Rli1), at a typical experimental temperature of 30 °C. However, low but significant growth was observed at high temperature, 37 °C. Considering the close interaction of ABCE1 with translation factors and ribosomal components, the observed temperature-dependent complementation may be attributed to heterologous co-functionality of ABCE1 with S. cerevisiae factor(s), and might reflect functional upregulation of human ABCE1 at its functional temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miki Wada
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier SciencesThe University of TokyoChibaJapan
| | - Koichi Ito
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier SciencesThe University of TokyoChibaJapan
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3
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Lyke DR, Dorweiler JE, Manogaran AL. The three faces of Sup35. Yeast 2019; 36:465-472. [PMID: 30963611 DOI: 10.1002/yea.3392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Sup35p is an essential protein in yeast that functions in complex with Sup45p for efficient translation termination. Although some may argue that this function is the only important attribute of Sup35p, there are two additional known facets of Sup35p's biology that may provide equally important functions for yeast; both of which involve various strategies for coping with stress. Recently, the N-terminal and middle regions (NM) of Sup35p, which are not required for translation termination function, have been found to provide stress-sensing abilities and facilitate the phase separation of Sup35p into biomolecular condensates in response to transient stress. Interestingly, the same NM domain is also required for Sup35p to misfold and enter into aggregates associated with the [PSI+ ] prion. Here, we review these three different states or "faces" of Sup35p. For each, we compare the functionality and necessity of different Sup35p domains, including the role these domains play in facilitating interactions with important protein partners, and discuss the potential ramifications that each state affords yeast cells under varying environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas R Lyke
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Jane E Dorweiler
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Anita L Manogaran
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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Wada M, Ito K. Misdecoding of rare CGA codon by translation termination factors, eRF1/eRF3, suggests novel class of ribosome rescue pathway in S. cerevisiae. FEBS J 2019; 286:788-802. [PMID: 30471181 PMCID: PMC7379694 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The CGA arginine codon is a rare codon in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Thus, full-length mature protein synthesis from reporter genes with internal CGA codon repeats are markedly reduced, and the reporters, instead, produce short-sized polypeptides via an unknown mechanism. Considering the product size and similar properties between CGA sense and UGA stop codons, we hypothesized that eukaryote polypeptide-chain release factor complex eRF1/eRF3 catalyses polypeptide release at CGA repeats. Herein, we performed a series of analyses and report that the CGA codon can be, to a certain extent, decoded as a stop codon in yeast. This also raises an intriguing possibility that translation termination factors eRF1/eRF3 rescue ribosomes stalled at CGA codons, releasing premature polypeptides, and competing with canonical tRNAICG to the CGA codon. Our results suggest an alternative ribosomal rescue pathway in eukaryotes. The present results suggest that misdecoding of low efficient codons may play a novel role in global translation regulation in S. cerevisiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miki Wada
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical SciencesGraduate School of Frontier SciencesThe University of TokyoKashiwa‐cityJapan
- Technical officeThe Institute of Medical ScienceThe University of TokyoMinato‐kuJapan
| | - Koichi Ito
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical SciencesGraduate School of Frontier SciencesThe University of TokyoKashiwa‐cityJapan
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Hellen CUT. Translation Termination and Ribosome Recycling in Eukaryotes. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2018; 10:cshperspect.a032656. [PMID: 29735640 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a032656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Termination of mRNA translation occurs when a stop codon enters the A site of the ribosome, and in eukaryotes is mediated by release factors eRF1 and eRF3, which form a ternary eRF1/eRF3-guanosine triphosphate (GTP) complex. eRF1 recognizes the stop codon, and after hydrolysis of GTP by eRF3, mediates release of the nascent peptide. The post-termination complex is then disassembled, enabling its constituents to participate in further rounds of translation. Ribosome recycling involves splitting of the 80S ribosome by the ATP-binding cassette protein ABCE1 to release the 60S subunit. Subsequent dissociation of deacylated transfer RNA (tRNA) and messenger RNA (mRNA) from the 40S subunit may be mediated by initiation factors (priming the 40S subunit for initiation), by ligatin (eIF2D) or by density-regulated protein (DENR) and multiple copies in T-cell lymphoma-1 (MCT1). These events may be subverted by suppression of termination (yielding carboxy-terminally extended read-through polypeptides) or by interruption of recycling, leading to reinitiation of translation near the stop codon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher U T Hellen
- Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, New York, New York 11203
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Mikhailova T, Shuvalova E, Ivanov A, Susorov D, Shuvalov A, Kolosov PM, Alkalaeva E. RNA helicase DDX19 stabilizes ribosomal elongation and termination complexes. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:1307-1318. [PMID: 28180304 PMCID: PMC5605241 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw1239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The human DEAD-box RNA-helicase DDX19 functions in mRNA export through the nuclear pore complex. The yeast homolog of this protein, Dbp5, has been reported to participate in translation termination. Using a reconstituted mammalian in vitro translation system, we show that the human protein DDX19 is also important for translation termination. It is associated with the fraction of translating ribosomes. We show that DDX19 interacts with pre-termination complexes (preTCs) in a nucleotide-dependent manner. Furthermore, DDX19 increases the efficiency of termination complex (TC) formation and the peptide release in the presence of eukaryotic release factors. Using the eRF1(AGQ) mutant protein or a non-hydrolysable analog of GTP to inhibit subsequent peptidyl-tRNA hydrolysis, we reveal that the activation of translation termination by DDX19 occurs during the stop codon recognition. This activation is a result of DDX19 binding to preTC and a concomitant stabilization of terminating ribosomes. Moreover, we show that DDX19 stabilizes ribosome complexes with translation elongation factors eEF1 and eEF2. Taken together, our findings reveal that the human RNA helicase DDX19 actively participates in protein biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Mikhailova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, The Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Shuvalova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, The Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Ivanov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, The Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Denis Susorov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, The Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey Shuvalov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, The Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Peter M Kolosov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, The Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, The Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Alkalaeva
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, The Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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7
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Mechanism and Regulation of Protein Synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics 2017; 203:65-107. [PMID: 27183566 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.115.186221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we provide an overview of protein synthesis in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae The mechanism of protein synthesis is well conserved between yeast and other eukaryotes, and molecular genetic studies in budding yeast have provided critical insights into the fundamental process of translation as well as its regulation. The review focuses on the initiation and elongation phases of protein synthesis with descriptions of the roles of translation initiation and elongation factors that assist the ribosome in binding the messenger RNA (mRNA), selecting the start codon, and synthesizing the polypeptide. We also examine mechanisms of translational control highlighting the mRNA cap-binding proteins and the regulation of GCN4 and CPA1 mRNAs.
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Horikawa W, Endo K, Wada M, Ito K. Mutations in the G-domain of Ski7 cause specific dysfunction in non-stop decay. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29295. [PMID: 27381255 PMCID: PMC4933942 DOI: 10.1038/srep29295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Ski7 functions as a cofactor in both normal mRNA turnover and non-stop mRNA decay (NSD) mRNA surveillance in budding yeast. The N-terminal region of Ski7 (Ski7N) interacts with the ski-complex and the exosome. The C-terminal region of Ski7 (Ski7C) binds guanine nucleotides and shares overall sequence and structural homology with the proteins of the translational GTPase superfamily, especially the tRNA/tRNA-mimic carrier protein subfamilies such as EF1α, eRF3, and Hbs1. Previous reports showed that Ski7N polypeptide functions adequately in vivo, while Ski7C, if any, only slightly. Furthermore, Ski7C does not exhibit GTP-hydrolysing activities under normal conditions. Therefore, the physiological and functional significance of the conserved Ski7C is unclear. Here, we report strong genetic evidence suggesting differential roles for Ski7N and Ski7C in normal and specific mRNA turnover pathways by creating/isolating mutations in both Ski7N and Ski7C conserved motifs using indicator yeast strains. We concluded that Ski7C participates in mRNA surveillance as a regulatory module competitively with the Hbs1/Dom34 complex. Our results provide insights into the molecular regulatory mechanisms underlying mRNA surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Horikawa
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa-city, Chiba 277-8562, Japan.,Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kei Endo
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa-city, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
| | - Miki Wada
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa-city, Chiba 277-8562, Japan.,Technical office, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Koichi Ito
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa-city, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
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9
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Chai B, Li C, Yu J, Hao Y, Guo P, Shen Q. Stop codon recognition in the early-diverged protozoans Giardia lamblia and Trichomonas vaginalis. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2015; 202:15-21. [PMID: 26310515 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Two classes of polypeptide release factors (RFs) are responsible for maintaining accuracy in translation termination; however, their detailed mechanism of action and evolutionary history of these factors remain elusive. The structure and function of RFs vary in bacteria and eukaryotes, a fact that is suggestive of evolutionary changes in the translation termination system. Giardia lamblia (Diplomonada) and Trichomonas vaginalis (Parabasalia) are considered as early-diverged eukaryotes. The class II release factor, eRF3, of Giardia (Gl-eRF3) appears to have only one domain that corresponds to EF-1α and lacks the N-terminal domain, similar to that of eRF3 of other organisms. In the present study, we show that the chimeric molecules Gl/Sc eRF1 and Tv/Sc eRF1, which are composed of the N-terminal domain of Gl-eRF1 or Tv-eRF1, fused to the core domain (M and C domain) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae eRF1 (Sc-eRF1), resulting in loss of the RF properties of the N-terminal domain. This suggests that the conformation of eRF1 for stop codon recognition in Giardia and Trichomonas varies from the eRF1s of other eukaryotes, including ciliates and yeast. Further studies using intra-N-terminal chimeras of eRF1 indicated that the combination of the GTS loop and NIKS motif from Gl-eRF1 and the Y-C-F motif from Sc-eRF1within the N terminal domain of hybrid eRF1 could restore UGA, but not UAG and UGA recognition. In contrast, the combination of the GTS loop and the NIKS motif of Sc-eRF1 and the Y-C-F motif of Gl-eRF1 could restore UAG and UAA recognition, but not UGA recognition. Thus, these results confirm the findings of previous studies that three motifs in eRF1 are necessary for discrimination of the three bases of stop codons. The NIKS motif is responsible for recognition of the first two bases of UAA and UAG, and the Y-C-F motif identifies the second base of UGA by Gl-eRF1. Amino acid residue substitutions in Gl/Sc-eRF1 by corresponding residues of Sc-eRF1 could change and even restore RF activity, further suggesting different conformation of eRF1 are used for stop codon recognition in Giardia and in Saccharomyces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baofeng Chai
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering, Ministry of Education, Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
| | - Cui Li
- Faculty of Environment and Economics, Shanxi University of Finance and Economics, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Jingfei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering, Ministry of Education, Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Yanrong Hao
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering, Ministry of Education, Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Ping Guo
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering, Ministry of Education, Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Quan Shen
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering, Ministry of Education, Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
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Saito K, Ito K. Genetic analysis of L123 of the tRNA-mimicking eukaryote release factor eRF1, an amino acid residue critical for discrimination of stop codons. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 43:4591-601. [PMID: 25897120 PMCID: PMC4482090 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In eukaryotes, the tRNA-mimicking polypeptide-chain release factor, eRF1, decodes stop codons on the ribosome in a complex with eRF3; this complex exhibits striking structural similarity to the tRNA–eEF1A–GTP complex. Although amino acid residues or motifs of eRF1 that are critical for stop codon discrimination have been identified, the details of the molecular mechanisms involved in the function of the ribosomal decoding site remain obscure. Here, we report analyses of the position-123 amino acid of eRF1 (L123 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae eRF1), a residue that is phylogenetically conserved among species with canonical and variant genetic codes. In vivo readthrough efficiency analysis and genetic growth complementation analysis of the residue-123 systematic mutants suggested that this amino acid functions in stop codon discrimination in a manner coupled with eRF3 binding, and distinctive from previously reported adjacent residues. Furthermore, aminoglycoside antibiotic sensitivity analysis and ribosomal docking modeling of eRF1 in a quasi-A/T state suggested a functional interaction between the side chain of L123 and ribosomal residues critical for codon recognition in the decoding site, as a molecular explanation for coupling with eRF3. Our results provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying stop codon discrimination by a tRNA-mimicking protein on the ribosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Saito
- Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa-city, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
| | - Koichi Ito
- Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa-city, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
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