1
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Lipońska A, Lee H, Yap MNF. Staphylococcal exoribonuclease YhaM destabilizes ribosomes by targeting the mRNA of a hibernation factor. Nucleic Acids Res 2024:gkae596. [PMID: 38979572 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkae596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The hibernation-promoting factor (Hpf) in Staphylococcus aureus binds to 70S ribosomes and induces the formation of the 100S complex (70S dimer), leading to translational avoidance and occlusion of ribosomes from RNase R-mediated degradation. Here, we show that the 3'-5' exoribonuclease YhaM plays a previously unrecognized role in modulating ribosome stability. Unlike RNase R, which directly degrades the 16S rRNA of ribosomes in S. aureus cells lacking Hpf, YhaM destabilizes ribosomes by indirectly degrading the 3'-hpf mRNA that carries an intrinsic terminator. YhaM adopts an active hexameric assembly and robustly cleaves ssRNA in a manganese-dependent manner. In vivo, YhaM appears to be a low-processive enzyme, trimming the hpf mRNA by only 1 nucleotide. Deletion of yhaM delays cell growth. These findings substantiate the physiological significance of this cryptic enzyme and the protective role of Hpf in ribosome integrity, providing a mechanistic understanding of bacterial ribosome turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lipońska
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 320 E Superior St, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Hyun Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Biophysics Core in Research Resources Center, University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), 1100 S Ashland Ave, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Mee-Ngan F Yap
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 320 E Superior St, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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2
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Tejada-Arranz A, Lulla A, Bouilloux-Lafont M, Turlin E, Pei XY, Douché T, Matondo M, Williams AH, Raynal B, Luisi BF, De Reuse H. Acetylation regulates the oligomerization state and activity of RNase J, the Helicobacter pylori major ribonuclease. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8072. [PMID: 38057323 PMCID: PMC10700544 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43825-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori, post-transcriptional regulation relies strongly on the activity of the essential ribonuclease RNase J. Here, we elucidated the crystal and cryo-EM structures of RNase J and determined that it assembles into dimers and tetramers in vitro. We found that RNase J extracted from H. pylori is acetylated on multiple lysine residues. Alanine substitution of several of these residues impacts on H. pylori morphology, and thus on RNase J function in vivo. Mutations of Lysine 649 modulates RNase J oligomerization in vitro, which in turn influences ribonuclease activity in vitro. Our structural analyses of RNase J reveal loops that gate access to the active site and rationalizes how acetylation state of K649 can influence activity. We propose acetylation as a regulatory level controlling the activity of RNase J and its potential cooperation with other enzymes of RNA metabolism in H. pylori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Tejada-Arranz
- Département de Microbiologie, Unité Pathogenèse de Helicobacter, UMR CNRS 6047, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Aleksei Lulla
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK
| | - Maxime Bouilloux-Lafont
- Département de Microbiologie, Unité Pathogenèse de Helicobacter, UMR CNRS 6047, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Evelyne Turlin
- Département de Microbiologie, Unité Pathogenèse de Helicobacter, UMR CNRS 6047, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Xue-Yuan Pei
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK
| | - Thibaut Douché
- Plateforme Protéomique, Unité de Spectrométrie de Masse pour la Biologie, C2RT, USR CNRS 2000, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Mariette Matondo
- Plateforme Protéomique, Unité de Spectrométrie de Masse pour la Biologie, C2RT, USR CNRS 2000, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Allison H Williams
- University of California San Francisco, Cellular Molecular Pharmacology, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Bertrand Raynal
- Département de Biologie structurale et chimie, Plateforme de biophysique moléculaire, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Ben F Luisi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK
| | - Hilde De Reuse
- Département de Microbiologie, Unité Pathogenèse de Helicobacter, UMR CNRS 6047, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
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3
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Jia H, Dantuluri S, Margulies S, Smith V, Lever R, Allers T, Koh J, Chen S, Maupin-Furlow JA. RecJ3/4-aRNase J form a Ubl-associated nuclease complex functioning in survival against DNA damage in Haloferax volcanii. mBio 2023; 14:e0085223. [PMID: 37458473 PMCID: PMC10470531 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00852-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleases are strictly regulated and often localized in the cell to avoid the uncontrolled degradation of DNA and RNA. Here, a new type of nuclease complex, composed of RecJ3, RecJ4, and aRNase J, was identified through its ATP-dependent association with the ubiquitin-like SAMP1 and AAA-ATPase Cdc48a. The complex was discovered in Haloferax volcanii, an archaeon lacking an RNA exosome. Genetic analysis revealed aRNase J to be essential and RecJ3, RecJ4, and Cdc48a to function in the recovery from DNA damage including genotoxic agents that generate double-strand breaks. The RecJ3:RecJ4:aRNase J complex (isolated in 2:2:1 stoichiometry) functioned primarily as a 3'-5' exonuclease in hydrolyzing RNA and ssDNA, with the mechanism non-processive for ssDNA. aRNase J could also be purified as a homodimer that catalyzed endoribonuclease activity and, thus, was not restricted to the 5'-3' exonuclease activity typical of aRNase J homologs. Moreover, RecJ3 and RecJ4 could be purified as a 560-kDa subcomplex in equimolar subunit ratio with nuclease activities mirroring the full RecJ3/4-aRNase J complex. These findings prompted reconstitution assays that suggested RecJ3/4 could suppress, alter, and/or outcompete the nuclease activities of aRNase J. Based on the phenotypic results, this control mechanism of aRNase J by RecJ3/4 is not necessary for cell growth but instead appears important for DNA repair. IMPORTANCE Nucleases are critical for various cellular processes including DNA replication and repair. Here, a dynamic type of nuclease complex is newly identified in the archaeon Haloferax volcanii, which is missing the canonical RNA exosome. The complex, composed of RecJ3, RecJ4, and aRNase J, functions primarily as a 3'-5' exonuclease and was discovered through its ATP-dependent association with the ubiquitin-like SAMP1 and Cdc48a. aRNase J alone forms a homodimer that has endonuclease function and, thus, is not restricted to 5'-3' exonuclease activity typical of other aRNase J enzymes. RecJ3/4 appears to suppress, alter, and/or outcompete the nuclease activities of aRNase J. While aRNase J is essential for growth, RecJ3/4, Cdc48a, and SAMPs are important for recovery against DNA damage. These biological distinctions may correlate with the regulated nuclease activity of aRNase J in the RecJ3/4-aRNaseJ complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyong Jia
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute of Food and Agricultural Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Swathi Dantuluri
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute of Food and Agricultural Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Shae Margulies
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute of Food and Agricultural Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Victoria Smith
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Lever
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Thorsten Allers
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jin Koh
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry, Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Sixue Chen
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry, Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Biology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Julie A. Maupin-Furlow
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute of Food and Agricultural Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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4
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Vandanashree M, Singh AK, Gopal B. Characterization of RNase J. Methods Enzymol 2023; 692:177-215. [PMID: 37925179 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2023.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
RNase J is involved in RNA maturation as well as degradation of RNA to the level of mononucleotides. This enzyme plays a vital role in maintaining intracellular RNA levels and governs different steps of the cellular metabolism in bacteria. RNase J is the first ribonuclease that was shown to have both endonuclease and 5'-3' exonuclease activity. RNase J enzymes can be identified by their characteristic sequence features and domain architecture. The quaternary structure of RNase J plays a role in regulating enzyme activity. The structure of RNase J has been characterized from several homologs. These reveal extensive overall structural similarity alongside a distinct active site topology that coordinates a metal cofactor. The metal cofactor is essential for catalytic activity. The catalytic activity of RNase J is influenced by oligomerization, the choice and stoichiometry of metal cofactors, and the 5' phosphorylation state of the RNA substrate. Here we describe the sequence and structural features of RNase J alongside phylogenetic analysis and reported functional roles in diverse organisms. We also provide a detailed purification strategy to obtain an RNase J enzyme sample with or without a metal cofactor. Different methods to identify the nature of the bound metal cofactor, the binding affinity and stoichiometry are presented. Finally, we describe enzyme assays to characterize RNase J using radioactive and fluorescence-based strategies with diverse RNA substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muralidharan Vandanashree
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Division of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Ankur Kumar Singh
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Division of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Balasubramanian Gopal
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Division of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.
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5
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Bao L, Hu J, Zhan B, Chi M, Li Z, Wang S, Shan C, Zhao Z, Guo Y, Ding X, Ji C, Tao S, Ni T, Zhang X, Zhao G, Li J. Structural insights into RNase J that plays an essential role in Mycobacterium tuberculosis RNA metabolism. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2280. [PMID: 37080992 PMCID: PMC10119312 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38045-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Ribonucleases (RNases) are responsible for RNA metabolism. RNase J, the core enzyme of the RNA degradosome, plays an essential role in global mRNA decay. Emerging evidence showed that the RNase J of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb-RNase J) could be an excellent target for treating Mtb infection. Here, crystal structures of Mtb-RNase J in apo-state and complex with the single-strand RNA reveal the conformational change upon RNA binding and hydrolysis. Mtb-RNase J forms an active homodimer through the interactions between the β-CASP and the β-lactamase domain. Knockout of RNase J slows the growth rate and changes the colony morphologies and cell length in Mycobacterium smegmatis, which is restored by RNase J complementation. Finally, RNA-seq analysis shows that the knockout strain significantly changes the expression levels of 49 genes in metabolic pathways. Thus, our current study explores the structural basis of Mtb-RNase J and might provide a promising candidate in pharmacological treatment for tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology of MOE, Fudan University, 200438, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology of MOE, Fudan University, 200438, Shanghai, China
| | - Bowen Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology of MOE, Fudan University, 200438, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingzhe Chi
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology of MOE, Fudan University, 200438, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology of MOE, Fudan University, 200438, Shanghai, China
| | - Sen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology of MOE, Fudan University, 200438, Shanghai, China
| | - Chan Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 200438, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaozhao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 200438, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanchao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology of MOE, Fudan University, 200438, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoming Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 200438, Shanghai, China
| | - Chaoneng Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology of MOE, Fudan University, 200438, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengce Tao
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 200438, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuelian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 200438, Shanghai, China.
| | - Guoping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 200438, Shanghai, China.
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jixi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology of MOE, Fudan University, 200438, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 200040, Shanghai, China.
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6
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Jones GH. Streptomyces RNases - Function and impact on antibiotic synthesis. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1096228. [PMID: 37113221 PMCID: PMC10126417 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1096228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptomyces are soil dwelling bacteria that are notable for their ability to sporulate and to produce antibiotics and other secondary metabolites. Antibiotic biosynthesis is controlled by a variety of complex regulatory networks, involving activators, repressors, signaling molecules and other regulatory elements. One group of enzymes that affects antibiotic synthesis in Streptomyces is the ribonucleases. In this review, the function of five ribonucleases, RNase E, RNase J, polynucleotide phosphorylase, RNase III and oligoribonuclease, and their impact on antibiotic production will be discussed. Mechanisms for the effects of RNase action on antibiotic synthesis are proposed.
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7
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Martini MC, Hicks ND, Xiao J, Alonso MN, Barbier T, Sixsmith J, Fortune SM, Shell SS. Loss of RNase J leads to multi-drug tolerance and accumulation of highly structured mRNA fragments in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010705. [PMID: 35830479 PMCID: PMC9312406 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the existence of well-characterized, canonical mutations that confer high-level drug resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), there is evidence that drug resistance mechanisms are more complex than simple acquisition of such mutations. Recent studies have shown that Mtb can acquire non-canonical resistance-associated mutations that confer survival advantages in the presence of certain drugs, likely acting as stepping-stones for acquisition of high-level resistance. Rv2752c/rnj, encoding RNase J, is disproportionately mutated in drug-resistant clinical Mtb isolates. Here we show that deletion of rnj confers increased tolerance to lethal concentrations of several drugs. RNAseq revealed that RNase J affects expression of a subset of genes enriched for PE/PPE genes and stable RNAs and is key for proper 23S rRNA maturation. Gene expression differences implicated two sRNAs and ppe50-ppe51 as important contributors to the drug tolerance phenotype. In addition, we found that in the absence of RNase J, many short RNA fragments accumulate because they are degraded at slower rates. We show that the accumulated transcript fragments are targets of RNase J and are characterized by strong secondary structure and high G+C content, indicating that RNase J has a rate-limiting role in degradation of highly structured RNAs. Taken together, our results demonstrate that RNase J indirectly affects drug tolerance, as well as reveal the endogenous roles of RNase J in mycobacterial RNA metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Carla Martini
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Nathan D. Hicks
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Junpei Xiao
- Program in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Maria Natalia Alonso
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Thibault Barbier
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jaimie Sixsmith
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sarah M. Fortune
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SMF); (SSS)
| | - Scarlet S. Shell
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Program in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SMF); (SSS)
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8
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Ribonuclease J-Mediated mRNA Turnover Modulates Cell Shape, Metabolism and Virulence in Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9020389. [PMID: 33672886 PMCID: PMC7917786 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9020389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Controlled RNA degradation is a crucial process in bacterial cell biology for maintaining proper transcriptome homeostasis and adaptation to changing environments. mRNA turnover in many Gram-positive bacteria involves a specialized ribonuclease called RNase J (RnJ). To date, however, nothing is known about this process in the diphtheria-causative pathogen Corynebacterium diphtheriae, nor is known the identity of this ribonuclease in this organism. Here, we report that C. diphtheriae DIP1463 encodes a predicted RnJ homolog, comprised of a conserved N-terminal β-lactamase domain, followed by β-CASP and C-terminal domains. A recombinant protein encompassing the β-lactamase domain alone displays 5'-exoribonuclease activity, which is abolished by alanine-substitution of the conserved catalytic residues His186 and His188. Intriguingly, deletion of DIP1463/rnj in C. diphtheriae reduces bacterial growth and generates cell shape abnormality with markedly augmented cell width. Comparative RNA-seq analysis revealed that RnJ controls a large regulon encoding many factors predicted to be involved in biosynthesis, regulation, transport, and iron acquisition. One upregulated gene in the ∆rnj mutant is ftsH, coding for a membrane protease (FtsH) involved in cell division, whose overexpression in the wild-type strain also caused cell-width augmentation. Critically, the ∆rnj mutant is severely attenuated in virulence in a Caenorhabditis elegans model of infection, while the FtsH-overexpressing and toxin-less strains exhibit full virulence as the wild-type strain. Evidently, RNase J is a key ribonuclease in C. diphtheriae that post-transcriptionally influences the expression of numerous factors vital to corynebacterial cell physiology and virulence. Our findings have significant implications for basic biological processes and mechanisms of corynebacterial pathogenesis.
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9
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Raj R, Nadig S, Patel T, Gopal B. Structural and biochemical characteristics of two Staphylococcus epidermidis RNase J paralogs RNase J1 and RNase J2. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:16863-16876. [PMID: 32994223 PMCID: PMC7864078 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.014876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
RNase J enzymes are metallohydrolases that are involved in RNA maturation and RNA recycling, govern gene expression in bacteria, and catalyze both exonuclease and endonuclease activity. The catalytic activity of RNase J is regulated by multiple mechanisms which include oligomerization, conformational changes to aid substrate recognition, and the metal cofactor at the active site. However, little is known of how RNase J paralogs differ in expression and activity. Here we describe structural and biochemical features of two Staphylococcus epidermidis RNase J paralogs, RNase J1 and RNase J2. RNase J1 is a homodimer with exonuclease activity aided by two metal cofactors at the active site. RNase J2, on the other hand, has endonuclease activity and one metal ion at the active site and is predominantly a monomer. We note that the expression levels of these enzymes vary across Staphylococcal strains. Together, these observations suggest that multiple interacting RNase J paralogs could provide a strategy for functional improvisation utilizing differences in intracellular concentration, quaternary structure, and distinct active site architecture despite overall structural similarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishi Raj
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Savitha Nadig
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Twinkal Patel
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
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10
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Li J, Hou Y, Gu X, Yue L, Guo L, Li D, Dong X. A newly identified duplex RNA unwinding activity of archaeal RNase J depends on processive exoribonucleolysis coupled steric occlusion by its structural archaeal loops. RNA Biol 2020; 17:1480-1491. [PMID: 32552320 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2020.1777379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
RNase J is a prokaryotic 5'-3' exo/endoribonuclease that functions in mRNA decay and rRNA maturation. Here, we report a novel duplex unwinding activity of mpy-RNase J, an archaeal RNase J from Methanolobus psychrophilus, which enables it to degrade duplex RNAs with hairpins up to 40 bp when linking a 5' single-stranded overhangs of ≥ 7 nt, corresponding to the RNA channel length. A 6-nt RNA-mpy-RNase J-S247A structure reveals the RNA-interacting residues and a steric barrier at the RNA channel entrance comprising two archaeal loops and two helices. Mutagenesis of the residues key to either exoribonucleolysis or RNA translocation diminished the duplex unwinding activity. Substitution of the residues in the steric barrier yielded stalled degradation intermediates at the duplex RNA regions. Thus, an exoribonucleolysis-driven and steric occlusion-based duplex unwinding mechanism was identified. The duplex unwinding activity confers mpy-RNase J the capability of degrading highly structured RNAs, including the bacterial REP RNA, and archaeal mRNAs, rRNAs, tRNAs, SRPs, RNase P and CD-box RNAs, providing an indicative of the potential key roles of mpy-RNase J in pleiotropic RNA metabolisms. Hydrolysis-coupled duplex unwinding activity was also detected in a bacterial RNase J, which may use a shared but slightly different unwinding mechanism from archaeal RNase Js, indicating that duplex unwinding is a common property of the prokaryotic RNase Js.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, PR China.,Colleges of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, China
| | - Yanjie Hou
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, PR China
| | - Xien Gu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine , Shiyan, China
| | - Lei Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, PR China.,Colleges of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, China
| | - Lu Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, PR China
| | - Defeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, PR China.,Colleges of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, China
| | - Xiuzhu Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, PR China.,Colleges of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, China
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11
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Plant Ribonuclease J: An Essential Player in Maintaining Chloroplast RNA Quality Control for Gene Expression. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9030334. [PMID: 32151111 PMCID: PMC7154860 DOI: 10.3390/plants9030334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
RNA quality control is an indispensable but poorly understood process that enables organisms to distinguish functional RNAs from nonfunctional or inhibitory ones. In chloroplasts, whose gene expression activities are required for photosynthesis, retrograde signaling, and plant development, RNA quality control is of paramount importance, as transcription is relatively unregulated. The functional RNA population is distilled from this initial transcriptome by a combination of RNA-binding proteins and ribonucleases. One of the key enzymes is RNase J, a 5′→3′ exoribonuclease and an endoribonuclease that has been shown to trim 5′ RNA termini and eliminate deleterious antisense RNA. In the absence of RNase J, embryo development cannot be completed. Land plant RNase J contains a highly conserved C-terminal domain that is found in GT-1 DNA-binding transcription factors and is not present in its bacterial, archaeal, and algal counterparts. The GT-1 domain may confer specificity through DNA and/or RNA binding and/or protein–protein interactions and thus be an element in the mechanisms that identify target transcripts among diverse RNA populations. Further understanding of chloroplast RNA quality control relies on discovering how RNase J is regulated and how its specificity is imparted.
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12
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Bechhofer DH, Deutscher MP. Bacterial ribonucleases and their roles in RNA metabolism. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 54:242-300. [PMID: 31464530 PMCID: PMC6776250 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2019.1651816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Ribonucleases (RNases) are mediators in most reactions of RNA metabolism. In recent years, there has been a surge of new information about RNases and the roles they play in cell physiology. In this review, a detailed description of bacterial RNases is presented, focusing primarily on those from Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis, the model Gram-negative and Gram-positive organisms, from which most of our current knowledge has been derived. Information from other organisms is also included, where relevant. In an extensive catalog of the known bacterial RNases, their structure, mechanism of action, physiological roles, genetics, and possible regulation are described. The RNase complement of E. coli and B. subtilis is compared, emphasizing the similarities, but especially the differences, between the two. Included are figures showing the three major RNA metabolic pathways in E. coli and B. subtilis and highlighting specific steps in each of the pathways catalyzed by the different RNases. This compilation of the currently available knowledge about bacterial RNases will be a useful tool for workers in the RNA field and for others interested in learning about this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H. Bechhofer
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Murray P. Deutscher
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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13
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Gordon GC, Pfleger BF. Regulatory Tools for Controlling Gene Expression in Cyanobacteria. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1080:281-315. [PMID: 30091100 PMCID: PMC6662922 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-0854-3_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are attractive hosts for converting carbon dioxide and sunlight into desirable chemical products. To engineer these organisms and manipulate their metabolic pathways, the biotechnology community has developed genetic tools to control gene expression. Many native cyanobacterial promoters and related sequence elements have been used to regulate genes of interest, and heterologous tools that use non-native small molecules to induce gene expression have been demonstrated. Overall, IPTG-based induction systems seem to be leaky and initially demonstrate small dynamic ranges in cyanobacteria. Consequently, a variety of other induction systems have been optimized to enable tighter control of gene expression. Tools require significant optimization because they function quite differently in cyanobacteria when compared to analogous use in model heterotrophs. We hypothesize that these differences are due to fundamental differences in physiology between organisms. This review is not intended to summarize all known products made in cyanobacteria nor the performance (titer, rate, yield) of individual strains, but instead will focus on the genetic tools and the inherent aspects of cellular physiology that influence gene expression in cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina C Gordon
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Microbiology Doctoral Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Brian F Pfleger
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
- Microbiology Doctoral Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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14
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Halpert M, Liveanu V, Glaser F, Schuster G. The Arabidopsis chloroplast RNase J displays both exo- and robust endonucleolytic activities. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 99:17-29. [PMID: 30511330 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-018-0799-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis chloroplast RNase J displaces both exo- and endo-ribonucleolytic activities and contains a unique GT-1 DNA binding domain. Control of chloroplast gene expression is predominantly at the post-transcriptional level via the coordinated action of nuclear encoded ribonucleases and RNA-binding proteins. The 5' end maturation of mRNAs ascribed to the combined action of 5'→3' exoribonuclease and gene-specific RNA-binding proteins of the pentatricopeptide repeat family and others that impede the progression of this nuclease. The exo- and endoribonuclease RNase J, the only prokaryotic 5'→3' ribonuclease that is commonly present in bacteria, Archaea, as well as in the chloroplasts of higher plants and green algae, has been implicated in this process. Interestingly, in addition to the metalo-β-lactamase and β-CASP domains, RNase J of plants contains a conserved GT-1 domain that was previously characterized in transcription factors that function in light and stress responding genes. Here, we show that the Arabidopsis RNase J (AtRNase J), when analyzed in vitro with synthetic RNAs, displays both 5'→3' exonucleolytic activity, as well as robust endonucleolytic activity as compared to its bacterial homolog RNase J1 of Bacillus subtilis. AtRNase J degraded single-stranded RNA and DNA molecules but displays limited activity on double stranded RNA. The addition of three guanosines at the 5' end of the substrate significantly inhibited the degradation activity, indicating that the sequence and structure of the RNA substrate modulate the ribonucleolytic activity. Mutation of three amino acid in the catalytic reaction center significantly inhibited both the endonucleolytic and exonucleolytic degradation activities, while deletion of the carboxyl GT-1 domain that is unique to the plant RNAse J proteins, had a little or no significant effect. The robust endonucleolytic activity of AtRNase J suggests its involvement in the processing and degradation of RNA in the chloroplast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Halpert
- Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 32000, Haifa, Israel
| | - Varda Liveanu
- Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 32000, Haifa, Israel
| | - Fabian Glaser
- Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 32000, Haifa, Israel
- Bioinformatics Knowledge Unit, The Lorry I. Lokey Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences and Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 32000, Haifa, Israel
| | - Gadi Schuster
- Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 32000, Haifa, Israel.
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15
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Jones GH. Novel Aspects of Polynucleotide Phosphorylase Function in Streptomyces. Antibiotics (Basel) 2018; 7:antibiotics7010025. [PMID: 29562650 PMCID: PMC5872136 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics7010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Polynucleotide phosphorylase (PNPase) is a 3′–5′-exoribnuclease that is found in most bacteria and in some eukaryotic organelles. The enzyme plays a key role in RNA decay in these systems. PNPase structure and function have been studied extensively in Escherichiacoli, but there are several important aspects of PNPase function in Streptomyces that differ from what is observed in E. coli and other bacterial genera. This review highlights several of those differences: (1) the organization and expression of the PNPase gene in Streptomyces; (2) the possible function of PNPase as an RNA 3′-polyribonucleotide polymerase in Streptomyces; (3) the function of PNPase as both an exoribonuclease and as an RNA 3′-polyribonucleotide polymerase in Streptomyces; (4) the function of (p)ppGpp as a PNPase effector in Streptomyces. The review concludes with a consideration of a number of unanswered questions regarding the function of Streptomyces PNPase, which can be examined experimentally.
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Affiliation(s)
- George H Jones
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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16
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Redder P. Molecular and genetic interactions of the RNA degradation machineries in Firmicute bacteria. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA 2018; 9. [PMID: 29314657 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Correct balance between bacterial RNA degradation and synthesis is essential for controlling expression level of all RNAs. The RNA polymerase, which performs the RNA synthesis, is highly conserved across the bacterial domain. However, this is surprisingly not the case for the RNA degradation machinery, which is composed of different subunits and performs different enzymatic reactions, depending on the organism. In Escherichia coli, the RNA decay is performed by the degradosome complex, which forms around the membrane-associated endoribonuclease RNase E, and is stable enough to be purified without falling apart. In contrast, many Firmicutes, for example, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae, do not encode an RNase E homolog, but instead have the endoribonuclease RNase Y and the exo- and endo-ribonuclease RNase J complex. A wide range of experiments have been performed, mainly with B. subtilis and S. aureus, to determine which interactions exist between the various RNA decay enzymes in the Firmicutes, with the goal of understanding how RNA degradation (and thus gene expression homeostasis and regulation) is organized in these organisms. The in vivo and in vitro data is diverse, and does not always concur. This overview gathers the data on interactions between Firmicute RNA degradation factors, to highlight the similarities and differences between experimental data from different experiments and from different organisms. WIREs RNA 2018, 9:e1460. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1460 This article is categorized under: RNA Turnover and Surveillance > Turnover/Surveillance Mechanisms RNA Turnover and Surveillance > Regulation of RNA Stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Redder
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie et Génétique Moléculaires, UMR5100, Centre de Biologie Integrative, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
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Zheng X, Feng N, Li D, Dong X, Li J. New molecular insights into an archaeal RNase J reveal a conserved processive exoribonucleolysis mechanism of the RNase J family. Mol Microbiol 2017; 106:351-366. [PMID: 28795788 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.13769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
RNase J, a prokaryotic 5'-3' exo/endoribonuclease, contributes to mRNA decay, rRNA maturation and post-transcriptional regulation. Yet the processive-exoribonucleolysis mechanism remains obscure. Here, we solved the first RNA-free and RNA-bound structures of an archaeal RNase J, and through intensive biochemical studies provided detailed mechanistic insights into the catalysis and processivity. Distinct dimerization/tetramerization patterns were observed for archaeal and bacterial RNase Js, and unique archaeal Loops I and II were found involved in RNA interaction. A hydrogen-bond-network was identified for the first time that assists catalysis by facilitating efficient proton transfer in the catalytic center. A conserved 5'-monophosphate-binding pocket that coordinates the RNA 5'-end ensures the 5'-monophosphate preferential exoribonucleolysis. To achieve exoribonucleolytic processivity, the 5'-monophosphate-binding pocket and nucleotide +4 binding site anchor RNA within the catalytic track; the 5'-capping residue Leu37 of the sandwich pocket coupled with the 5'-monophosphate-binding pocket are dedicated to translocating and controlling the RNA orientation for each exoribonucleolytic cycle. The processive-exoribonucleolysis mechanism was verified as conserved in bacterial RNase J and also exposes striking parallels with the non-homologous eukaryotic 5'-3' exoribonuclease, Xrn1. The findings in this work shed light on not only the molecular mechanism of the RNase J family, but also the evolutionary convergence of divergent exoribonucleases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China.,Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19B YuquanLu, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Na Feng
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China.,National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Defeng Li
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiuzhu Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
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Hausmann S, Guimarães VA, Garcin D, Baumann N, Linder P, Redder P. Both exo- and endo-nucleolytic activities of RNase J1 from Staphylococcus aureus are manganese dependent and active on triphosphorylated 5'-ends. RNA Biol 2017; 14:1431-1443. [PMID: 28277929 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2017.1300223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA decay and RNA maturation are important steps in the regulation of bacterial gene expression. RNase J, which is present in about half of bacterial species, has been shown to possess both endo- and 5' to 3' exo-ribonuclease activities. The exonucleolytic activity is clearly involved in the degradation of mRNA and in the maturation of at least the 5' end of 16S rRNA in the 2 Firmicutes Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis. The endoribonuclease activity of RNase J from several species has been shown to be weak in vitro and 3-D structural data of different RNase J orthologs have not provided a clear explanation for the molecular basis of this activity. Here, we show that S. aureus RNase J1 is a manganese dependent homodimeric enzyme with strong 5' to 3' exo-ribonuclease as well as endo-ribonuclease activity. In addition, we demonstrated that SauJ1 can efficiently degrade 5' triphosphorylated RNA. Our results highlight RNase J1 as an important player in RNA turnover in S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Hausmann
- a Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine , Medical Faculty, University of Geneva , Geneva , Switzerland
| | - Vanessa Andrade Guimarães
- a Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine , Medical Faculty, University of Geneva , Geneva , Switzerland
| | - Dominique Garcin
- a Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine , Medical Faculty, University of Geneva , Geneva , Switzerland
| | - Natalia Baumann
- a Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine , Medical Faculty, University of Geneva , Geneva , Switzerland
| | - Patrick Linder
- a Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine , Medical Faculty, University of Geneva , Geneva , Switzerland
| | - Peter Redder
- a Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine , Medical Faculty, University of Geneva , Geneva , Switzerland.,b Laboratoire de Microbiologie et de Génétique Moléculaires, Centre de Biologie Intégrative, Université de Toulouse III Toulouse , France
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