1
|
Yang WQ, Liang R, Gao MQ, Liu YZ, Qi B, Zhao BS. Inhibition of bromodomain-containing protein 4 enhances the migration of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells by inducing cell autophagy. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2022; 14:2340-2352. [PMID: 36568944 PMCID: PMC9782615 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v14.i12.2340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), the predominant type of esophageal cancer, has a 5-year survival rate less than 20%. Although the cause of poor prognosis is the high incidence and mortality of ESCC, the high rate of metastasis after esophageal cancer surgery is the main cause of death after the surgery. Bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4), an epigenetic reader of chromatin-acetylated histones in tumorigenesis and development, plays an essential role in regulating oncogene expression. BRD4 inhibition and BRD4 inhibition-based treatment can potentially suppress ESCC growth. However, the effects and mechanisms of action of BRD4 on ESCC cell migration remain unclear.
AIM To explore the effect of BRD4 on cell migration of ESCC in vitro and its possible molecular mechanism.
METHODS Human ESCC cell lines KYSE-450 and KYSE-150 were used. The 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide assay was performed to examine cell proliferation, and the transwell migration assay was conducted to test ESCC cell migration. JQ1, a BRD4 inhibitor, was applied to cells, and BRD4 siRNA was transfected into ESCC cells to knockdown endogenous BRD4. GFP-RFP-LC3 adenovirus was infected into ESCC cells to evaluate the effect of JQ1 on autophagy. Western blotting was performed to determine the protein levels of BRD4, E-cadherin, vimentin, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and p-AMPK.
RESULTS BRD4 was either downregulated by small interfering RNA or pretreated with JQ1 in ESCC cells, leading to increased tumor migration in ESCC cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Inhibition of BRD4 not only significantly suppressed cell proliferation but also strongly increased cell migration by inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The protein expression of vimentin was increased and E-cadherin decreased in a dose-dependent manner, subsequently promoting autophagy in KYSE-450 and KYSE-150 cells. Pretreatment with JQ1, a BRD4 inhibitor, inhibited BRD4-induced LC3-II activation and upregulated AMPK phosphorylation in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, an increased number of autophagosomes and autolysosomes were observed in JQ1-treated ESCC cells. The autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) reversed the effects of BRD4 knockdown on ESCC cell migration and blocked JQ1-induced cell migration. 3-MA also downregulated the expression of vimentin and upregulation E-cadherin.
CONCLUSION BRD4 inhibition enhances cell migration by inducing EMT and autophagy in ESCC cells via the AMPK-modified pathway. Thus, the facilitating role on ESCC cell migration should be considered for BRD4 inhibitor clinical application to ESCC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Qian Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui 453100, Henan Province, China
- Esophageal Cancer Institute, Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui 453100, Henan Province, China
- Life Science Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui 453100, Henan Province, China
| | - Rui Liang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui 453100, Henan Province, China
- Esophageal Cancer Institute, Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui 453100, Henan Province, China
- Life Science Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui 453100, Henan Province, China
| | - Man-Qi Gao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui 453100, Henan Province, China
- Esophageal Cancer Institute, Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui 453100, Henan Province, China
| | - Yu-Zhen Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui 453100, Henan Province, China
- Esophageal Cancer Institute, Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui 453100, Henan Province, China
- Life Science Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui 453100, Henan Province, China
| | - Bo Qi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui 453100, Henan Province, China
| | - Bao-Sheng Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui 453100, Henan Province, China
- Esophageal Cancer Institute, Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui 453100, Henan Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gasperoni JG, Fuller JN, Darido C, Wilanowski T, Dworkin S. Grainyhead-like (Grhl) Target Genes in Development and Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052735. [PMID: 35269877 PMCID: PMC8911041 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Grainyhead-like (GRHL) factors are essential, highly conserved transcription factors (TFs) that regulate processes common to both natural cellular behaviours during embryogenesis, and de-regulation of growth and survival pathways in cancer. Serving to drive the transcription, and therefore activation of multiple co-ordinating pathways, the three GRHL family members (GRHL1-3) are a critical conduit for modulating the molecular landscape that guides cellular decision-making processes during proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and migration. Animal models and in vitro approaches harbouring GRHL loss or gain-of-function are key research tools to understanding gene function, which gives confidence that resultant phenotypes and cellular behaviours may be translatable to humans. Critically, identifying and characterising the target genes to which these factors bind is also essential, as they allow us to discover and understand novel genetic pathways that could ultimately be used as targets for disease diagnosis, drug discovery and therapeutic strategies. GRHL1-3 and their transcriptional targets have been shown to drive comparable cellular processes in Drosophila, C. elegans, zebrafish and mice, and have recently also been implicated in the aetiology and/or progression of a number of human congenital disorders and cancers of epithelial origin. In this review, we will summarise the state of knowledge pertaining to the role of the GRHL family target genes in both development and cancer, primarily through understanding the genetic pathways transcriptionally regulated by these factors across disparate disease contexts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jemma G. Gasperoni
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia; (J.G.G.); (J.N.F.)
| | - Jarrad N. Fuller
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia; (J.G.G.); (J.N.F.)
| | - Charbel Darido
- The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia;
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Tomasz Wilanowski
- Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Sebastian Dworkin
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia; (J.G.G.); (J.N.F.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wu Q, Liu F, Ge M, Laster KV, Wei L, Du R, Jiang M, Zhang J, Zhi Y, Jin G, Zhao S, Kim DJ, Dong Z, Liu K. BRD4 drives esophageal squamous cell carcinoma growth by promoting RCC2 expression. Oncogene 2022; 41:347-360. [PMID: 34750516 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-02099-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The low survival rate of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients is primarily attributed to technical limitations and a lack of insight regarding the molecular mechanisms contributing to its progression. Alterations in epigenetic modulators are critical to cancer development and prognosis. BRD4, a chromatin reader protein, plays an essential role in regulating oncogene expression. Here, we investigated the contributing role of BRD4 and its related mechanisms in the context of ESCC tumor progression. Our observations showed that BRD4 transcript and protein expression levels are significantly increased in ESCC patient tissues. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of BRD4 suppressed ESCC cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Proteomic and transcriptomic analyses were subsequently used to deduce the potential targets of BRD4. Mechanistic studies showed that RCC2 is a downstream target of BRD4. Inhibition of either BRD4 or RCC2 resulted in decreased ESCC cell proliferation. The BRD4-TP73 interaction facilitated the binding of BRD4 complex to the promoter region of RCC2, and subsequently modulated RCC2 transcription. Furthermore, targeting BRD4 with inhibitors significantly decreased tumor volume in ESCC PDX models, indicating that BRD4 expression may contribute to tumor progression. Collectively, these findings suggest that BRD4 inhibition could be a promising strategy to treat ESCC by downregulating RCC2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wu
- The Pathophysiology Department, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Fangfang Liu
- The Pathophysiology Department, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Mengmeng Ge
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | | | - Lixiao Wei
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Ruijuan Du
- The Pathophysiology Department, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Ming Jiang
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- The Pathophysiology Department, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Yafei Zhi
- The Pathophysiology Department, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Guoguo Jin
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.,The Henan Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Simin Zhao
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.,Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Dong Joon Kim
- The Pathophysiology Department, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China. .,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
| | - Zigang Dong
- The Pathophysiology Department, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China. .,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, 450000, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China. .,Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China.
| | - Kangdong Liu
- The Pathophysiology Department, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China. .,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, 450000, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China. .,Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China. .,Cancer Chemoprevention International Collaboration Laboratory, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jing H, Chen Y, Liang W, Chen M, Qiu C, Guo MY. Effects of Selenium on MAC-T Cells in Bovine Mastitis: Transcriptome Analysis of Exosomal mRNA Interactions. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:2904-2912. [PMID: 33098075 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02439-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Selenium, a micronutrient, is indispensable for maintaining normal metabolic functions in animals and plants. Selenium has shown promise in terms of its effect on the immune function, ability to control inflammation, and ability to improve bovine mammary gland health. Bovine mastitis remains a major threat to dairy herds globally and has economically significant impacts. The exosomes are a new mode of intercellular communication. Exosomal transfer of mRNAs, microRNAs, and proteins between cells affects the protein production of recipient cells. The development of novel high-throughput omics approaches and bioinformatics tools will help us understand the effects of selenium on immunobiology. However, the differential expression of mRNAs in bovine mammary epithelial cell-derived exosomes has rarely been studied. In the present study, differences in the exosomal transcriptome between control and selenium-treated MAC-T cells were identified by RNA sequencing and transcriptome analysis. The results of mRNA profiling revealed 1978 genes in exosomes that were differentially expressed between the selenium-treated and control cells. We selected and analyzed 91 genes that are involved in inflammation, redox reactions, and immune cell function related to mastitis. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses revealed enrichment pathways involved in selenoproteins and the Ras/PI3K/AKT, MAPK, and FOXO signaling pathways. Our results revealed that selenium may play a crucial role in immune and inflammatory regulation by influencing the differential expression of exosomal mRNAs of key genes in bovine mastitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyuan Jing
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Wan Liang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Miaoyu Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Changwei Qiu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-Yao Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lv T, Lv H, Fei J, Xie Y, Lian D, Hu J, Tang L, Shi X, Wang J, Zhang S, Li F, Jiang X, Yi Y. p53-R273H promotes cancer cell migration via upregulation of neuraminidase-1. J Cancer 2020; 11:6874-6882. [PMID: 33123278 PMCID: PMC7591995 DOI: 10.7150/jca.44718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that hotspot p53 mutants have gain-of-function in promoting cell migration and tumor metastasis. However, the molecular mechanisms are not completely understood. Here, we show that a hotspot mutation, p53-R273H, promotes non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell migration and upregulates the mRNA and protein expression of neuraminidase-1 (NEU1), a sialidase involved in cell proliferation, cell migration and tumorigenesis. Silencing of NEU1 leads to upregulation of integrin β4 which significantly inhibits NSCLC cell migration induced by p53-R273H. Mechanistically, p53-R273H promotes NEU1 transcription via activation of AKT signaling. Importantly, NEU1 expression is upregulated in human NSCLC samples harboring mutant p53 and is associated with poor clinical outcome. Overall, this study highlights an important role of NEU1 in p53-R273H-induced NSCLC cell migration and provides a potential target for NSCLC diagnosis and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Lv
- Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection Utilization, College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, Yunnan, China 655011
| | - Hong Lv
- Hematology Department, The First People's Hospital of Qujing, Qujing, Yunnan, China 655000
| | - Junjie Fei
- Center of Growth, Metabolism and Aging, and Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China 610064
| | - Yajun Xie
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, the College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China 400016
| | - Daqing Lian
- Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection Utilization, College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, Yunnan, China 655011
| | - Jiang Hu
- Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection Utilization, College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, Yunnan, China 655011
| | - Lizhou Tang
- Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection Utilization, College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, Yunnan, China 655011
| | - Xiaodong Shi
- Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection Utilization, College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, Yunnan, China 655011
| | - Jianling Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, Yunnan, China 655011
| | - Shibo Zhang
- Hematology Department, The First People's Hospital of Qujing, Qujing, Yunnan, China 655000
| | - Fengtian Li
- Center of Growth, Metabolism and Aging, and Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China 610064
| | - Xianjie Jiang
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Yong Yi
- Center of Growth, Metabolism and Aging, and Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China 610064
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Andrikopoulou A, Liontos M, Koutsoukos K, Dimopoulos MA, Zagouri F. The emerging role of BET inhibitors in breast cancer. Breast 2020; 53:152-163. [PMID: 32827765 PMCID: PMC7451423 DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2020.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Bromodomain and extraterminal domain (BET) proteins are epigenetic molecules that regulate the expression of multiple genes involved in carcinogenesis. Breast cancer is an heterogenous disease emerging from aberrant gene expression and epigenetic alteration patterns. Amplification or overexpression of BET proteins has been identified in breast tumors highlighting their clinical significance. Development of BET inhibitors that disrupt BET protein binding to acetylated lysine residues of chromatin and suppress transcription of various oncogenes has shown promising results in breast cancer cells and xenograft models. Currently, Phase I/II clinical trials explore safety and efficacy of BET inhibitors in solid tumors and breast cancer. Treatment-emergent toxicities have been reported, including thrombocytopenia and gastrointestinal disorders. Preliminary results demonstrated greater response rates to BET inhibitors in combination with already approved anticancer agents. Consistently, BET inhibition sensitized breast tumors to chemotherapy drugs, hormone therapy and PI3K inhibitors in vitro. This article aims to review all existing preclinical and clinical evidence regarding BET inhibitors in breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angeliki Andrikopoulou
- Oncology Unit, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece.
| | - Michalis Liontos
- Oncology Unit, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece.
| | - Konstantinos Koutsoukos
- Oncology Unit, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece.
| | - Meletios-Athanasios Dimopoulos
- Oncology Unit, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece.
| | - Flora Zagouri
- Oncology Unit, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Pfleger J, Coleman RC, Ibetti J, Roy R, Kyriazis ID, Gao E, Drosatos K, Koch WJ. Genomic Binding Patterns of Forkhead Box Protein O1 Reveal Its Unique Role in Cardiac Hypertrophy. Circulation 2020; 142:882-898. [PMID: 32640834 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.120.046356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac hypertrophic growth is mediated by robust changes in gene expression and changes that underlie the increase in cardiomyocyte size. The former is regulated by RNA polymerase II (pol II) de novo recruitment or loss; the latter involves incremental increases in the transcriptional elongation activity of pol II that is preassembled at the transcription start site. The differential regulation of these distinct processes by transcription factors remains unknown. Forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1) is an insulin-sensitive transcription factor that is also regulated by hypertrophic stimuli in the heart. However, the scope of its gene regulation remains unexplored. METHODS To address this, we performed FoxO1 chromatin immunoprecipitation-deep sequencing in mouse hearts after 7 days of isoproterenol injections (3 mg·kg-1·mg-1), transverse aortic constriction, or vehicle injection/sham surgery. RESULTS Our data demonstrate increases in FoxO1 chromatin binding during cardiac hypertrophic growth, which positively correlate with extent of hypertrophy. To assess the role of FoxO1 on pol II dynamics and gene expression, the FoxO1 chromatin immunoprecipitation-deep sequencing results were aligned with those of pol II chromatin immunoprecipitation-deep sequencing across the chromosomal coordinates of sham- or transverse aortic constriction-operated mouse hearts. This uncovered that FoxO1 binds to the promoters of 60% of cardiac-expressed genes at baseline and 91% after transverse aortic constriction. FoxO1 binding is increased in genes regulated by pol II de novo recruitment, loss, or pause-release. In vitro, endothelin-1- and, in vivo, pressure overload-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophic growth is prevented with FoxO1 knockdown or deletion, which was accompanied by reductions in inducible genes, including Comtd1 in vitro and Fstl1 and Uck2 in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Together, our data suggest that FoxO1 may mediate cardiac hypertrophic growth via regulation of pol II de novo recruitment and pause-release; the latter represents the majority (59%) of FoxO1-bound, pol II-regulated genes after pressure overload. These findings demonstrate the breadth of transcriptional regulation by FoxO1 during cardiac hypertrophy, information that is essential for its therapeutic targeting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Pfleger
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Ryan C Coleman
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jessica Ibetti
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Rajika Roy
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Ioannis D Kyriazis
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Erhe Gao
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Konstantinos Drosatos
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Walter J Koch
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Pan Z, Li X, Wang Y, Jiang Q, Jiang L, Zhang M, Zhang N, Wu F, Liu B, He G. Discovery of Thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-Based Hydroxamic Acid Derivatives as Bromodomain-Containing Protein 4/Histone Deacetylase Dual Inhibitors Induce Autophagic Cell Death in Colorectal Carcinoma Cells. J Med Chem 2020; 63:3678-3700. [PMID: 32153186 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b02178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoping Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Yujia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Qinglin Jiang
- School of Pharmacy and Sichuan Province College Key Laboratory of Structure-Specific Small Molecule Drugs, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, PR China
| | - Li Jiang
- School of Pharmacy and Sichuan Province College Key Laboratory of Structure-Specific Small Molecule Drugs, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, PR China
| | - Min Zhang
- School of Pharmacy and Sichuan Province College Key Laboratory of Structure-Specific Small Molecule Drugs, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, PR China
| | - Nan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Fengbo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Bo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Gu He
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ghosh RP, Shi Q, Yang L, Reddick MP, Nikitina T, Zhurkin VB, Fordyce P, Stasevich TJ, Chang HY, Greenleaf WJ, Liphardt JT. Satb1 integrates DNA binding site geometry and torsional stress to differentially target nucleosome-dense regions. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3221. [PMID: 31324780 PMCID: PMC6642133 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11118-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The Satb1 genome organizer regulates multiple cellular and developmental processes. It is not yet clear how Satb1 selects different sets of targets throughout the genome. Here we have used live-cell single molecule imaging and deep sequencing to assess determinants of Satb1 binding-site selectivity. We have found that Satb1 preferentially targets nucleosome-dense regions and can directly bind consensus motifs within nucleosomes. Some genomic regions harbor multiple, regularly spaced Satb1 binding motifs (typical separation ~1 turn of the DNA helix) characterized by highly cooperative binding. The Satb1 homeodomain is dispensable for high affinity binding but is essential for specificity. Finally, we find that Satb1-DNA interactions are mechanosensitive. Increasing negative torsional stress in DNA enhances Satb1 binding and Satb1 stabilizes base unpairing regions against melting by molecular machines. The ability of Satb1 to control diverse biological programs may reflect its ability to combinatorially use multiple site selection criteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajarshi P Ghosh
- Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- BioX Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Cell Biology Division, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Quanming Shi
- Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- BioX Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Cell Biology Division, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Linfeng Yang
- Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- BioX Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Cell Biology Division, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Michael P Reddick
- Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- BioX Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Cell Biology Division, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Tatiana Nikitina
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Victor B Zhurkin
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Polly Fordyce
- Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Timothy J Stasevich
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Institute for Genome Architecture and Function, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Howard Y Chang
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - William J Greenleaf
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, United States
| | - Jan T Liphardt
- Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
- BioX Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
- ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
- Cell Biology Division, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gatti V, Bongiorno-Borbone L, Fierro C, Annicchiarico-Petruzzelli M, Melino G, Peschiaroli A. p63 at the Crossroads between Stemness and Metastasis in Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2683. [PMID: 31159154 PMCID: PMC6600246 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
After lung cancer, breast cancer (BC) is the most frequent cause of cancer death among women, worldwide. Although advances in screening approaches and targeted therapeutic agents have decreased BC incidence and mortality, over the past five years, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains the breast cancer subtype that displays the worst prognosis, mainly due to the lack of clinically actionable targets. Genetic and molecular profiling has unveiled the high intrinsic heterogeneity of TNBC, with the basal-like molecular subtypes representing the most diffuse TNBC subtypes, characterized by the expression of basal epithelial markers, such as the transcription factor p63. In this review, we will provide a broad picture on the physiological role of p63, in maintaining the basal epithelial identity, as well as its involvement in breast cancer progression, emphasizing its relevance in tumor cell invasion and stemness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Gatti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Claudia Fierro
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Gerry Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy.
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, UK.
| | - Angelo Peschiaroli
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Translational Pharmacology, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Liu J, Duan Z, Guo W, Zeng L, Wu Y, Chen Y, Tai F, Wang Y, Lin Y, Zhang Q, He Y, Deng J, Stewart RL, Wang C, Lin PC, Ghaffari S, Evers BM, Liu S, Zhou MM, Zhou BP, Shi J. Targeting the BRD4/FOXO3a/CDK6 axis sensitizes AKT inhibition in luminal breast cancer. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5200. [PMID: 30518851 PMCID: PMC6281582 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07258-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BRD4 assembles transcriptional machinery at gene super-enhancer regions and governs the expression of genes that are critical for cancer progression. However, it remains unclear whether BRD4-mediated gene transcription is required for tumor cells to develop drug resistance. Our data show that prolonged treatment of luminal breast cancer cells with AKT inhibitors induces FOXO3a dephosphorylation, nuclear translocation, and disrupts its association with SirT6, eventually leading to FOXO3a acetylation as well as BRD4 recognition. Acetylated FOXO3a recognizes the BD2 domain of BRD4, recruits the BRD4/RNAPII complex to the CDK6 gene promoter, and induces its transcription. Pharmacological inhibition of either BRD4/FOXO3a association or CDK6 significantly overcomes the resistance of luminal breast cancer cells to AKT inhibitors in vitro and in vivo. Our study reports the involvement of BRD4/FOXO3a/CDK6 axis in AKTi resistance and provides potential therapeutic strategies for treating resistant breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Liu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Zhibing Duan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Weijie Guo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Lei Zeng
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Bethune Institute of Epigenetic Medicine, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Yadi Wu
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Pharmacology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Yule Chen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Fang Tai
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Yiwei Lin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Bethune Institute of Epigenetic Medicine, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Yanling He
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Jiong Deng
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Rachel L Stewart
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Chi Wang
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Pengnian Charles Lin
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Saghi Ghaffari
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - B Mark Evers
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Suling Liu
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Breast Surgery, Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Ming-Ming Zhou
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
| | - Binhua P Zhou
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA.
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA.
| | - Jian Shi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA.
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA.
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China.
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
Differentiation of stem cells into highly specialised cells requires gene expression changes brought about by remodelling of the chromatin architecture. During this lineage-commitment process, the majority of DNA needs to be packaged into inactive heterochromatin, allowing only a subset of regulatory elements to remain open and functionally required genes to be expressed. Epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation, post-translational modifications to histone tails, and nucleosome positioning all potentially contribute to the changes in higher order chromatin structure during differentiation. The mammary gland is a particularly useful model to study these complex epigenetic processes since the majority of its development is postnatal, the gland is easily accessible, and development occurs in a highly reproducible manner. Inappropriate epigenetic remodelling can also drive tumourigenesis; thus, insights into epigenetic remodelling during mammary gland development advance our understanding of breast cancer aetiology. We review the current literature surrounding DNA methylation and histone modifications in the developing mammary gland and its implications for breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Holly Holliday
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Research Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Laura A Baker
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Research Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Simon R Junankar
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Research Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Susan J Clark
- St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia.,Epigenetics Research Program, Genomics and Epigenetics Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Alexander Swarbrick
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Research Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia. .,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Vazquez N, Sanchez L, Marks R, Martinez E, Fanniel V, Lopez A, Salinas A, Flores I, Hirschmann J, Gilkerson R, Schuenzel E, Dearth R, Halaby R, Innis-Whitehouse W, Keniry M. A protocol for custom CRISPR Cas9 donor vector construction to truncate genes in mammalian cells using pcDNA3 backbone. BMC Mol Biol 2018; 19:3. [PMID: 29540148 PMCID: PMC5853148 DOI: 10.1186/s12867-018-0105-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) RNA-guided adaptive immune systems are found in prokaryotes to defend cells from foreign DNA. CRISPR Cas9 systems have been modified and employed as genome editing tools in wide ranging organisms. Here, we provide a detailed protocol to truncate genes in mammalian cells using CRISPR Cas9 editing. We describe custom donor vector construction using Gibson assembly with the commonly utilized pcDNA3 vector as the backbone. RESULTS We describe a step-by-step method to truncate genes of interest in mammalian cell lines using custom-made donor vectors. Our method employs 2 guide RNAs, mutant Cas9D10A nickase (Cas9 = CRISPR associated sequence 9), and a custom-made donor vector for homologous recombination to precisely truncate a gene of interest with a selectable neomycin resistance cassette (NPTII: Neomycin Phosphotransferase II). We provide a detailed protocol on how to design and construct a custom donor vector using Gibson assembly (and the commonly utilized pcDNA3 vector as the backbone) allowing researchers to obtain specific gene modifications of interest (gene truncation, gene deletion, epitope tagging or knock-in mutation). Selection of mutants in mammalian cell lines with G418 (Geneticin) combined with several screening methods: western blot analysis, polymerase chain reaction, and Sanger sequencing resulted in streamlined mutant isolation. Proof of principle experiments were done in several mammalian cell lines. CONCLUSIONS Here we describe a detailed protocol to employ CRISPR Cas9 genome editing to truncate genes of interest using the commonly employed expression vector pcDNA3 as the backbone for the donor vector. Providing a detailed protocol for custom donor vector design and construction will enable researchers to develop unique genome editing tools. To date, detailed protocols for CRISPR Cas9 custom donor vector construction are limited (Lee et al. in Sci Rep 5:8572, 2015; Ma et al. in Sci Rep 4:4489, 2014). Custom donor vectors are commercially available, but can be expensive. Our goal is to share this protocol to aid researchers in performing genetic investigations that require custom donor vectors for specialized applications (specific gene truncations, knock-in mutations, and epitope tagging applications).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neftali Vazquez
- Department of Biology, University of Texas-Rio Grande Valley, 1201 W. University Dr., Edinburg, TX 78539 USA
| | - Lilia Sanchez
- Department of Biology, University of Texas-Rio Grande Valley, 1201 W. University Dr., Edinburg, TX 78539 USA
| | - Rebecca Marks
- Department of Biology, University of Texas-Rio Grande Valley, 1201 W. University Dr., Edinburg, TX 78539 USA
| | - Eduardo Martinez
- Department of Biology, University of Texas-Rio Grande Valley, 1201 W. University Dr., Edinburg, TX 78539 USA
| | - Victor Fanniel
- Department of Biology, University of Texas-Rio Grande Valley, 1201 W. University Dr., Edinburg, TX 78539 USA
| | - Alma Lopez
- Department of Biology, University of Texas-Rio Grande Valley, 1201 W. University Dr., Edinburg, TX 78539 USA
| | - Andrea Salinas
- Department of Biology, University of Texas-Rio Grande Valley, 1201 W. University Dr., Edinburg, TX 78539 USA
| | - Itzel Flores
- Department of Biology, University of Texas-Rio Grande Valley, 1201 W. University Dr., Edinburg, TX 78539 USA
| | - Jesse Hirschmann
- Department of Biology, University of Texas-Rio Grande Valley, 1201 W. University Dr., Edinburg, TX 78539 USA
| | - Robert Gilkerson
- Department of Biology, University of Texas-Rio Grande Valley, 1201 W. University Dr., Edinburg, TX 78539 USA
| | - Erin Schuenzel
- Department of Biology, University of Texas-Rio Grande Valley, 1201 W. University Dr., Edinburg, TX 78539 USA
| | - Robert Dearth
- Department of Biology, University of Texas-Rio Grande Valley, 1201 W. University Dr., Edinburg, TX 78539 USA
| | - Reginald Halaby
- Department of Biology, Montclair State University, 1 Normal Ave., Montclair, NJ 07043 USA
| | - Wendy Innis-Whitehouse
- School of Medicine, University of Texas-Rio Grande Valley, 1201 W. University Dr., Edinburg, TX 78539 USA
| | - Megan Keniry
- Department of Biology, University of Texas-Rio Grande Valley, 1201 W. University Dr., Edinburg, TX 78539 USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Sancisi V, Manzotti G, Gugnoni M, Rossi T, Gandolfi G, Gobbi G, Torricelli F, Catellani F, Faria do Valle I, Remondini D, Castellani G, Ragazzi M, Piana S, Ciarrocchi A. RUNX2 expression in thyroid and breast cancer requires the cooperation of three non-redundant enhancers under the control of BRD4 and c-JUN. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:11249-11267. [PMID: 28981843 PMCID: PMC5737559 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant reactivation of embryonic pathways is a common feature of cancer. RUNX2 is a transcription factor crucial during embryogenesis that is aberrantly reactivated in many tumors, including thyroid and breast cancer, where it promotes aggressiveness and metastatic spreading. Currently, the mechanisms driving RUNX2 expression in cancer are still largely unknown. Here we showed that RUNX2 transcription in thyroid and breast cancer requires the cooperation of three distantly located enhancers (ENHs) brought together by chromatin three-dimensional looping. We showed that BRD4 controls RUNX2 by binding to the newly identified ENHs and we demonstrated that the anti-proliferative effects of bromodomain inhibitors (BETi) is associated with RUNX2 transcriptional repression. We demonstrated that each RUNX2 ENH is potentially controlled by a distinct set of TFs and we identified c-JUN as the principal pivot of this regulatory platform. We also observed that accumulation of genetic mutations within these elements correlates with metastatic behavior in human thyroid tumors. Finally, we identified RAINs, a novel family of ENH-associated long non-coding RNAs, transcribed from the identified RUNX2 regulatory unit. Our data provide a new model to explain how RUNX2 expression is reactivated in thyroid and breast cancer and how cancer-driving signaling pathways converge on the regulation of this gene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Sancisi
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Azienda USL Reggio Emilia - IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Gloria Manzotti
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Azienda USL Reggio Emilia - IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Mila Gugnoni
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Azienda USL Reggio Emilia - IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Teresa Rossi
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Azienda USL Reggio Emilia - IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Greta Gandolfi
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Azienda USL Reggio Emilia - IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Giulia Gobbi
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Azienda USL Reggio Emilia - IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Federica Torricelli
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Azienda USL Reggio Emilia - IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Francesca Catellani
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Azienda USL Reggio Emilia - IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | | | - Daniel Remondini
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gastone Castellani
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Moira Ragazzi
- Pathology Unit, Azienda USL Reggio Emilia - IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Simonetta Piana
- Pathology Unit, Azienda USL Reggio Emilia - IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Alessia Ciarrocchi
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Azienda USL Reggio Emilia - IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Mishra VK, Wegwitz F, Kosinsky RL, Sen M, Baumgartner R, Wulff T, Siveke JT, Schildhaus HU, Najafova Z, Kari V, Kohlhof H, Hessmann E, Johnsen SA. Histone deacetylase class-I inhibition promotes epithelial gene expression in pancreatic cancer cells in a BRD4- and MYC-dependent manner. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:6334-6349. [PMID: 28369619 PMCID: PMC5499659 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive cancer with a particularly dismal prognosis. Histone deacetylases (HDAC) are epigenetic modulators whose activity is frequently deregulated in various cancers including PDAC. In particular, class-I HDACs (HDAC 1, 2, 3 and 8) have been shown to play an important role in PDAC. In this study, we investigated the effects of the class I-specific HDAC inhibitor (HDACi) 4SC-202 in multiple PDAC cell lines in promoting tumor cell differentiation. We show that 4SC-202 negatively affects TGFβ signaling and inhibits TGFβ-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Moreover, 4SC-202 markedly induced p21 (CDKN1A) expression and significantly attenuated cell proliferation. Mechanistically, genome-wide studies revealed that 4SC-202-induced genes were enriched for Bromodomain-containing Protein-4 (BRD4) and MYC occupancy. BRD4, a well-characterized acetyllysine reader, has been shown to play a major role in regulating transcription of selected subsets of genes. Importantly, BRD4 and MYC are essential for the expression of a subgroup of genes induced by class-I HDACi. Taken together, our study uncovers a previously unknown role of BRD4 and MYC in eliciting the HDACi-mediated induction of a subset of genes and provides molecular insight into the mechanisms of HDACi action in PDAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Kumar Mishra
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences, University Medical Center Göttingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Florian Wegwitz
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences, University Medical Center Göttingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Robyn Laura Kosinsky
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences, University Medical Center Göttingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Madhobi Sen
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences, University Medical Center Göttingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Tanja Wulff
- 4SC AG, Am Klopferspitz 19a, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Jens T Siveke
- German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Schildhaus
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Zeynab Najafova
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences, University Medical Center Göttingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Vijayalakshmi Kari
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences, University Medical Center Göttingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hella Kohlhof
- 4SC AG, Am Klopferspitz 19a, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Hessmann
- Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Steven A Johnsen
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences, University Medical Center Göttingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Hamdan FH, Johnsen SA. Super enhancers - new analyses and perspectives on the low hanging fruit. Transcription 2017; 9:123-130. [PMID: 28980882 DOI: 10.1080/21541264.2017.1372044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Significant attention has recently been given to a class of enhancers termed "super enhancers", while implying that "typical enhancers" are less important. In this report, we examine criteria for identification of super enhancers and address the need to evaluate the differences between BRD4-occupied "typical" and "super" enhancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feda H Hamdan
- a Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery , University Medical Center Göttingen , Göttingen , Germany
| | - Steven A Johnsen
- a Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery , University Medical Center Göttingen , Göttingen , Germany
| |
Collapse
|