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Sun Z, Wu YX, Liu LZ, Tian YP, Li XD, Geng C. P3N-PIPO but not P3 is the avirulence determinant in melon carrying the Wmr resistance against watermelon mosaic virus, although they contain a common genetic determinant. J Virol 2024; 98:e0050724. [PMID: 38775482 PMCID: PMC11237411 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00507-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Viruses employ a series of diverse translational strategies to expand their coding capacity, which produces viral proteins with common domains and entangles virus-host interactions. P3N-PIPO, which is a transcriptional slippage product from the P3 cistron, is a potyviral protein dedicated to intercellular movement. Here, we show that P3N-PIPO from watermelon mosaic virus (WMV) triggers cell death when transiently expressed in Cucumis melo accession PI 414723 carrying the Wmr resistance gene. Surprisingly, expression of the P3N domain, shared by both P3N-PIPO and P3, can alone induce cell death, whereas expression of P3 fails to activate cell death in PI 414723. Confocal microscopy analysis revealed that P3N-PIPO targets plasmodesmata (PD) and P3N associates with PD, while P3 localizes in endoplasmic reticulum in melon cells. We also found that mutations in residues L35, L38, P41, and I43 of the P3N domain individually disrupt the cell death induced by P3N-PIPO, but do not affect the PD localization of P3N-PIPO. Furthermore, WMV mutants with L35A or I43A can systemically infect PI 414723 plants. These key residues guide us to discover some WMV isolates potentially breaking the Wmr resistance. Through searching the NCBI database, we discovered some WMV isolates with variations in these key sites, and one naturally occurring I43V variation enables WMV to systemically infect PI 414723 plants. Taken together, these results demonstrate that P3N-PIPO, but not P3, is the avirulence determinant recognized by Wmr, although the shared N terminal P3N domain can alone trigger cell death.IMPORTANCEThis work reveals a novel viral avirulence (Avr) gene recognized by a resistance (R) gene. This novel viral Avr gene is special because it is a transcriptional slippage product from another virus gene, which means that their encoding proteins share the common N-terminal domain but have distinct C-terminal domains. Amazingly, we found that it is the common N-terminal domain that determines the Avr-R recognition, but only one of the viral proteins can be recognized by the R protein to induce cell death. Next, we found that these two viral proteins target different subcellular compartments. In addition, we discovered some virus isolates with variations in the common N-terminal domain and one naturally occurring variation that enables the virus to overcome the resistance. These results show how viral proteins with common domains interact with a host resistance protein and provide new evidence for the arms race between plants and viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Sun
- Department of Plant Pathology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Yu-Xuan Wu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Ling-Zhi Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Yan-Ping Tian
- Department of Plant Pathology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Xiang-Dong Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Chao Geng
- Department of Plant Pathology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
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Yang Z, Cheng G, Yu Q, Jiao W, Zeng K, Luo T, Zhang H, Shang H, Huang G, Wang F, Guo Y, Xu J. Identification and characterization of the Remorin gene family in Saccharum and the involvement of ScREM1.5e-1/-2 in SCMV infection on sugarcane. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1365995. [PMID: 38463560 PMCID: PMC10920289 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1365995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Remorins (REMs) are plant-specific membrane-associated proteins that play important roles in plant-pathogen interactions and environmental adaptations. Group I REMs are extensively involved in virus infection. However, little is known about the REM gene family in sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hyrid), the most important sugar and energy crop around world. Methods Comparative genomics were employed to analyze the REM gene family in Saccharum spontaneum. Transcriptomics or RT-qPCR were used to analyze their expression files in different development stages or tissues under different treatments. Yeast two hybrid, bimolecular fluorescence complementation and co-immunoprecipitation assays were applied to investigate the protein interaction. Results In this study, 65 REMs were identified from Saccharum spontaneum genome and classified into six groups based on phylogenetic tree analysis. These REMs contain multiple cis-elements associated with growth, development, hormone and stress response. Expression profiling revealed that among different SsREMs with variable expression levels in different developmental stages or different tissues. A pair of alleles, ScREM1.5e-1/-2, were isolated from the sugarcane cultivar ROC22. ScREM1.5e-1/-2 were highly expressed in leaves, with the former expressed at significantly higher levels than the latter. Their expression was induced by treatment with H2O2, ABA, ethylene, brassinosteroid, SA or MeJA, and varied upon Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) infection. ScREM1.5e-1 was localized to the plasma membrane (PM), while ScREM1.5e-2 was localized to the cytoplasm or nucleus. ScREM1.5e-1/-2 can self-interact and interact with each other, and interact with VPgs from SCMV, Sorghum mosaic virus, or Sugarcane streak mosaic virus. The interactions with VPgs relocated ScREM1.5e-1 from the PM to the cytoplasm. Discussion These results reveal the origin, distribution and evolution of the REM gene family in sugarcane and may shed light on engineering sugarcane resistance against sugarcane mosaic pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongtao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Guangyuan Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Quanxin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Wendi Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Kang Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Tingxu Luo
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Hai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Heyang Shang
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Guoqiang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Fengji Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ying Guo
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Subtropical Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Fujian Institute of Subtropical Botany, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Jingsheng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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Zhang H, Yang Z, Cheng G, Luo T, Zeng K, Jiao W, Zhou Y, Huang G, Zhang J, Xu J. Sugarcane mosaic virus employs 6K2 protein to impair ScPIP2;4 transport of H2O2 to facilitate virus infection. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 194:715-731. [PMID: 37930811 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV), one of the main pathogens causing sugarcane mosaic disease, is widespread in sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrid) planting areas and causes heavy yield losses. RESPIRATORY BURST OXIDASE HOMOLOG (RBOH) NADPH oxidases and plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs) have been associated with the response to SCMV infection. However, the underlying mechanism is barely known. In the present study, we demonstrated that SCMV infection upregulates the expression of ScRBOHs and the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which inhibits SCMV replication. All eight sugarcane PIPs (ScPIPs) interacted with SCMV-encoded protein 6K2, whereby two PIP2s (ScPIP2;1 and ScPIP2;4) were verified as capable of H2O2 transport. Furthermore, we revealed that SCMV-6K2 interacts with ScPIP2;4 via transmembrane domain 5 to interfere with the oligomerization of ScPIP2;4, subsequently impairing ScPIP2;4 transport of H2O2. This study highlights a mechanism adopted by SCMV to employ 6K2 to counteract the host resistance mediated by H2O2 to facilitate virus infection and provides potential molecular targets for engineering sugarcane resistance against SCMV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China
| | - Zongtao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China
| | - Guangyuan Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China
| | - Tingxu Luo
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China
| | - Kang Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China
| | - Wendi Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China
| | - Yingshuan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China
| | - Guoqiang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China
| | - Jisen Zhang
- State Key Lab for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Biological Resources & Guangxi Key Lab for Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, P. R. China
| | - Jingsheng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China
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Mahillon M, Brodard J, Dubuis N, Gugerli P, Blouin AG, Schumpp O. Mixed infection of ITPase-encoding potyvirid and secovirid in Mercurialis perennis: evidences for a convergent euphorbia-specific viral counterstrike. Virol J 2024; 21:6. [PMID: 38178191 PMCID: PMC10768138 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-023-02257-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In cellular organisms, inosine triphosphate pyrophosphatases (ITPases) prevent the incorporation of mutagenic deaminated purines into nucleic acids. These enzymes have also been detected in the genomes of several plant RNA viruses infecting two euphorbia species. In particular, two ipomoviruses produce replicase-associated ITPases to cope with high concentration of non-canonical nucleotides found in cassava tissues. METHOD Using high-throughput RNA sequencing on the wild euphorbia species Mercurialis perennis, two new members of the families Potyviridae and Secoviridae were identified. Both viruses encode for a putative ITPase, and were found in mixed infection with a new partitivirid. Following biological and genomic characterization of these viruses, the origin and function of the phytoviral ITPases were investigated. RESULTS While the potyvirid was shown to be pathogenic, the secovirid and partitivirid could not be transmitted. The secovirid was found belonging to a proposed new Comovirinae genus tentatively named "Mercomovirus", which also accommodates other viruses identified through transcriptome mining, and for which an asymptomatic pollen-associated lifestyle is suspected. Homology and phylogenetic analyses inferred that the ITPases encoded by the potyvirid and secovirid were likely acquired through independent horizontal gene transfer events, forming lineages distinct from the enzymes found in cassava ipomoviruses. Possible origins from cellular organisms are discussed for these proteins. In parallel, the endogenous ITPase of M. perennis was predicted to encode for a C-terminal nuclear localization signal, which appears to be conserved among the ITPases of euphorbias but absent in other plant families. This subcellular localization is in line with the idea that nucleic acids remain protected in the nucleus, while deaminated nucleotides accumulate in the cytoplasm where they act as antiviral molecules. CONCLUSION Three new RNA viruses infecting M. perennis are described, two of which encoding for ITPases. These enzymes have distinct origins, and are likely required by viruses to circumvent high level of cytoplasmic non-canonical nucleotides. This putative plant defense mechanism has emerged early in the evolution of euphorbias, and seems to specifically target certain groups of RNA viruses infecting perennial hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Mahillon
- Research Group Virology, Bacteriology and Phytoplasmology, Plant Protection Department, Agroscope, Nyon, Switzerland
| | - Justine Brodard
- Research Group Virology, Bacteriology and Phytoplasmology, Plant Protection Department, Agroscope, Nyon, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Dubuis
- Research Group Virology, Bacteriology and Phytoplasmology, Plant Protection Department, Agroscope, Nyon, Switzerland
| | - Paul Gugerli
- Research Group Virology, Bacteriology and Phytoplasmology, Plant Protection Department, Agroscope, Nyon, Switzerland
| | - Arnaud G Blouin
- Research Group Virology, Bacteriology and Phytoplasmology, Plant Protection Department, Agroscope, Nyon, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Schumpp
- Research Group Virology, Bacteriology and Phytoplasmology, Plant Protection Department, Agroscope, Nyon, Switzerland.
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Choi D, Hahn Y. Quantitative Analysis of RNA Polymerase Slippages for Production of P3N-PIPO Trans-frame Fusion Proteins in Potyvirids. J Microbiol 2023; 61:917-927. [PMID: 37843796 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-023-00083-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Potyvirids, members of the family Potyviridae, produce the P3N-PIPO protein, which is crucial for the cell-to-cell transport of viral genomic RNAs. The production of P3N-PIPO requires an adenine (A) insertion caused by RNA polymerase slippage at a conserved GAAAAAA (GA6) sequence preceding the PIPO open reading frame. Presently, the slippage rate of RNA polymerase has been estimated in only a few potyvirids, ranging from 0.8 to 2.1%. In this study, we analyzed publicly available plant RNA-seq data and identified 19 genome contigs from 13 distinct potyvirids. We further investigated the RNA polymerase slippage rates at the GA6 motif. Our analysis revealed that the frequency of the A insertion variant ranges from 0.53 to 4.07% in 11 potyviruses (genus Potyvirus). For the two macluraviruses (genus Macluravirus), the frequency of the A insertion variant was found to be 0.72% and 10.96% respectively. Notably, the estimated RNA polymerase slippage rates for 12 out of the 13 investigated potyvirids were reported for the first time in this study. Our findings underscore the value of plant RNA-seq data for quantitative analysis of potyvirid genome variants, specifically at the GA6 slippage site, and contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the RNA polymerase slippage phenomenon in potyvirids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjin Choi
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonsoo Hahn
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea.
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Ge L, Cao B, Qiao R, Cui H, Li S, Shan H, Gong P, Zhang M, Li H, Wang A, Zhou X, Li F. SUMOylation-modified Pelota-Hbs1 RNA surveillance complex restricts the infection of potyvirids in plants. MOLECULAR PLANT 2023; 16:632-642. [PMID: 36597359 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2022.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
RNA quality control nonsense-mediated decay is involved in viral restriction in both plants and animals. However, it is not known whether two other RNA quality control pathways, nonstop decay and no-go decay, are capable of restricting viruses in plants. Here, we show that the evolutionarily conserved Pelota-Hbs1 complex negatively regulates infection of plant viruses in the family Potyviridae (termed potyvirids), the largest group of plant RNA viruses that accounts for more than half of the viral crop damage worldwide. Pelota enables the recognition of the functional G1-2A6-7 motif in the P3 cistron, which is conserved in almost all potyvirids. This allows Pelota to target the virus and act as a viral restriction factor. Furthermore, Pelota interacts with the SUMO E2-conjugating enzyme SCE1 and is SUMOylated in planta. Blocking Pelota SUMOylation disrupts the ability to recruit Hbs1 and inhibits viral RNA degradation. These findings reveal the functional importance of Pelota SUMOylation during the infection of potyvirids in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linhao Ge
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Buwei Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Qiao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongguang Cui
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education and College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Shaofang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongying Shan
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pan Gong
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mingzhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Aiming Wang
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, Canada; Department of Biology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Xueping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Fangfang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Thi Hue Kien D, Edenborough K, da Silva Goncalves D, Thuy Vi T, Casagrande E, Thi Le Duyen H, Thi Long V, Thi Dui L, Thi Tuyet Nhu V, Thi Giang N, Thi Xuan Trang H, Lee E, Donovan-Banfield I, Thi Thuy Van H, Minh Nguyet N, Thanh Phong N, Van Vinh Chau N, Wills B, Yacoub S, Flores H, Simmons C. Genome evolution of dengue virus serotype 1 under selection by Wolbachia pipientis in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Virus Evol 2023; 9:vead016. [PMID: 37744653 PMCID: PMC10517695 DOI: 10.1093/ve/vead016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The introgression of antiviral strains of Wolbachia into Aedes aegypti mosquito populations is a public health intervention for the control of dengue. Plausibly, dengue virus (DENV) could evolve to bypass the antiviral effects of Wolbachia and undermine this approach. Here, we established a serial-passage system to investigate the evolution of DENV in Ae. aegypti mosquitoes infected with the wMel strain of Wolbachia. Using this system, we report on virus genetic outcomes after twenty passages of serotype 1 of DENV (DENV-1). An amino acid substitution, E203K, in the DENV-1 envelope protein was more frequently detected in the consensus sequence of virus populations passaged in wMel-infected Ae. aegypti than wild-type counterparts. Positive selection at residue 203 was reproducible; it occurred in passaged virus populations from independent DENV-1-infected patients and also in a second, independent experimental system. In wild-type mosquitoes and human cells, the 203K variant was rapidly replaced by the progenitor sequence. These findings provide proof of concept that wMel-associated selection of virus populations can occur in experimental conditions. Field-based studies are needed to explore whether wMel imparts selective pressure on DENV evolution in locations where wMel is established.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kathryn Edenborough
- World Mosquito Program, Institute of Vector-Borne Disease, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Disease, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Daniela da Silva Goncalves
- World Mosquito Program, Institute of Vector-Borne Disease, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Tran Thuy Vi
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Disease, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Etiene Casagrande
- World Mosquito Program, Institute of Vector-Borne Disease, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Huynh Thi Le Duyen
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Disease, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Vo Thi Long
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Disease, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Le Thi Dui
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Disease, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Vu Thi Tuyet Nhu
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Disease, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thi Giang
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Disease, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Huynh Thi Xuan Trang
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Disease, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Elvina Lee
- World Mosquito Program, Institute of Vector-Borne Disease, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - I’ah Donovan-Banfield
- World Mosquito Program, Institute of Vector-Borne Disease, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Huynh Thi Thuy Van
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Disease, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | - Nguyen Thanh Phong
- Hospital for Tropical Diseases, 190 Ben Ham Tu, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Van Vinh Chau
- Hospital for Tropical Diseases, 190 Ben Ham Tu, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Bridget Wills
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Disease, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sophie Yacoub
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Disease, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Heather Flores
- World Mosquito Program, Institute of Vector-Borne Disease, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Cameron Simmons
- World Mosquito Program, Institute of Vector-Borne Disease, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Disease, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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8
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Kärblane K, Firth AE, Olspert A. Turnip Mosaic Virus Transcriptional Slippage Dynamics and Distribution in RNA Subpopulations. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2022; 35:835-844. [PMID: 35671468 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-03-22-0060-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Potyviruses comprise the largest and most important group of plant positive-strand RNA viruses. The potyviral cell-to-cell movement protein P3N-PIPO is expressed via transcriptional slippage at a conserved GAAAAAA sequence, leading to insertion of an extra 'A' in a proportion of viral transcripts. Transcriptional slippage is determined by the potyviral replicase, the conserved slippery site, and its flanking nucleotides. Here, we investigate the dynamics of transcriptional slippage at different slip-site sequences, infection stages, and environmental conditions. We detect a modest increase in the level of transcripts with insertion towards later timepoints. In addition, we investigate the fate of transcripts with insertion by separately looking at different RNA subpopulations: (+)RNA, (-)RNA, translated RNA, and virion RNA. We find differences in insertional slippage between (+)RNA and (-)RNA but not other subpopulations. Our results suggest that there can be selection against the use of (-)RNAs with insertions as templates for transcription or replication and demonstrate that insertional slippage can occur at high frequency also during (-)RNA synthesis. Since transcripts with insertions are potential targets for degradation, we investigate the connection to nonsense-mediated decay (NMD). We find that these transcripts are targeted to NMD, but we only observe an impact on the level of transcripts with insertion when the insertional slippage rate is high. Together, these results further our understanding of the mechanism and elucidate the dynamics of potyviral transcriptional slippage. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kairi Kärblane
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Akadeemia tee 15, 12618, Estonia
| | - Andrew E Firth
- Division of Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, U.K
| | - Allan Olspert
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Akadeemia tee 15, 12618, Estonia
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9
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Jiang C, Lei M, Luan H, Pan Y, Zhang L, Zhou S, Cai Y, Xu X, Shen H, Xu R, Feng Z, Zhang J, Yang P. Genomic and Pathogenic Diversity of Barley Yellow Mosaic Virus and Barley Mild Mosaic Virus Isolates in Fields of China and Their Compatibility with Resistance Genes of Cultivated Barley. PLANT DISEASE 2022; 106:2201-2210. [PMID: 35077235 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-11-21-2473-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plant viruses transmitted by the soilborne plasmodiophorid Polymyxa graminis constantly threaten global production of cereal crops. Although the yellow mosaic virus disease of barley has been known to be present for a long time in China, the understanding of the diversity of the viral pathogens and their interactions with host resistance remains limited. In this study, we conducted a nationwide survey of P. graminis and the barley yellow mosaic virus (BaYMV) and barley mild mosaic virus (BaMMV) it transmits, followed by genomic and pathogenic diversity analyses of both viruses. BaYMV and BaMMV were found exclusively in the region downstream of the Yangtze River, despite the national distribution of its transmission vector P. graminis. Analysis of the genomic variations of BaYMV and BaMMV revealed an elevated rate of nonsynonymous substitutions in the viral genome-linked protein (VPg), in which most substitutions were located in its interaction surface with the host eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E). VPg sequence diversity was associated with the divergence in virus pathogenicity that was identified through multiple field trials. The majority of the resistance genes, including the widely applied rym4 and rym5 (alleles of eIF4E), as well as the combination of rym1/11 and rym5, are not sufficient to protect cultivated barley against viruses in China. Collectively, these results provide insights into virulence specificity and interaction mode with host resistance in cultivated barley, which has significant implications in breeding for the broad-spectrum resistance barley varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Jiang
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Miaomiao Lei
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Haiye Luan
- Institute of Agricultural Science in Jiangsu Coastal Areas, Yancheng 224002, China
| | - Yuhan Pan
- College of Agronomy, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shenghui Zhou
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yu Cai
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- Institute of Agricultural Science in Jiangsu Coastal Areas, Yancheng 224002, China
| | - Huiquan Shen
- Institute of Agricultural Science in Jiangsu Coastal Areas, Yancheng 224002, China
| | - Rugen Xu
- College of Agronomy, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zongyun Feng
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ping Yang
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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10
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Cassedy A, Della Bartola M, Parle-McDermott A, Mullins E, O'Kennedy R. A one-step reverse transcription recombinase polymerase amplification assay for lateral flow-based visual detection of PVY. Anal Biochem 2021; 642:114526. [PMID: 34922917 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2021.114526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Potato virus Y (PVY) is an abundant and damaging virus which reduces crop yield and marketability. Accurate detection of this economically important virus both in-field and in seed potato is considered essential in the control of PVY spread. Current detection methods are focused on immunodetection and PCR-based methods, however, identification of PVY through isothermal amplification is a promising avenue for developing accessible, on-site diagnostics with quick turnaround times. In this work, a rapid recombinase polymerase amplification assay was developed which could readily amplify PVY nucleic acids with good sensitivity and specificity. Additionally, this assay was shown to be capable of amplification directly from RNA in a one-step amplification process, without the need for prior reverse transcription. The assay was coupled with lateral flow technology to provide a rapid visual confirmation of amplification. This nucleic-acid lateral flow immunoassay could feasibly be employed in-field, or at any location where testing is required, to aid in the detection and control of PVY.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arabelle Cassedy
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland.
| | | | | | - Ewen Mullins
- Crop Science Department, Teagasc, Oak Park, Carlow, Ireland
| | - Richard O'Kennedy
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland; Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Education City, Doha, Qatar; Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha, Qatar.
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11
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Zhai Y, Yuan Q, Qiu S, Li S, Li M, Zheng H, Wu G, Lu Y, Peng J, Rao S, Chen J, Yan F. Turnip mosaic virus impairs perinuclear chloroplast clustering to facilitate viral infection. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:3681-3699. [PMID: 34331318 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplasts play crucial roles in plant defence against viral infection. We now report that chloroplast NADH dehydrogenase-like (NDH) complex M subunit gene (NdhM) was first up-regulated and then down-regulated in turnip mosaic virus (TuMV)-infected N. benthamiana. NbNdhM-silenced plants were more susceptible to TuMV, whereas overexpression of NbNdhM inhibited TuMV accumulation. Overexpression of NbNdhM significantly induced the clustering of chloroplasts around the nuclei and disturbing this clustering facilitated TuMV infection, suggesting that the clustering mediated by NbNdhM is a defence against TuMV. It was then shown that NbNdhM interacted with TuMV VPg, and that the NdhMs of different plant species interacted with the proteins of different viruses, implying that NdhM may be a common target of viruses. In the presence of TuMV VPg, NbNdhM, which is normally localized in the nucleus, chloroplasts, cell periphery and chloroplast stromules, colocalized with VPg at the nucleus and nucleolus, with significantly increased nuclear accumulation, while NbNdhM-mediated chloroplast clustering was significantly impaired. This study therefore indicates that NbNdhM has a defensive role in TuMV infection probably by inducing the perinuclear clustering of chloroplasts, and that the localization of NbNdhM is altered by its interaction with TuMV VPg in a way that promotes virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushan Zhai
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, China
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Quan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Shiyou Qiu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Saisai Li
- College of Biological & Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, China
| | - Miaomiao Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Hongying Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Guanwei Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yuwen Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jiejun Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Shaofei Rao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jianping Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, China
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fei Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
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12
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P1 of Sweet Potato Feathery Mottle Virus Shows Strong Adaptation Capacity, Replacing P1-HCPro in a Chimeric Plum Pox Virus. J Virol 2021; 95:e0015021. [PMID: 33952634 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00150-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Potyviridae is the largest family of plant RNA viruses. Their genomes are expressed through long polyproteins that are usually headed by the leader endopeptidase P1. This protein can be classified as type A or type B based on host proteolytic requirements and RNA silencing suppression (RSS) capacity. The main Potyviridae genus is Potyvirus, and a group of potyviruses infecting sweet potato presents an enlarged P1 protein with a polymerase slippage motif that produces an extra product termed P1N-PISPO. These two proteins display some RSS activity and are expressed followed by HCPro, which appears to be the main RNA silencing suppressor in these viruses. Here, we studied the behavior of the P1 protein of Sweet potato feathery mottle virus (SPFMV) using a viral system based on a canonical potyvirus, Plum pox virus (PPV), and discovered that this protein is able to replace both PPV P1 and HCPro. We also found that P1N-PISPO, produced after polymerase slippage, provides extra RNA silencing suppression capacity to SPFMV P1 in this viral context. In addition, the results showed that presence of two type A P1 proteins was detrimental for viral viability. The ample recombination spectrum that we found in the recovered viruses supports the strong adaptation capacity of P1 proteins and signals the N-terminal part of SPFMV P1 as essential for RSS activity. Further analyses provided data to add extra layers to the evolutionary history of sweet potato-infecting potyvirids. IMPORTANCE Plant viruses represent a major challenge for agriculture worldwide and Potyviridae, being the largest family of plant RNA viruses, is one of the primary players. P1, the leader endopeptidase, is a multifunctional protein that contributes to the successful spread of these viruses over a wide host range. Understanding how P1 proteins work, their dynamic interplay during viral infection, and their evolutionary path is critical for the development of strategic tools to fight the multiple diseases these viruses cause. We focused our efforts on the P1 protein of Sweet potato feathery mottle virus, which is coresponsible for the most devastating disease in sweet potato. The significance of our research is in understanding the capacity of this protein to perform several independent functions, using this knowledge to learn more about P1 proteins in general and the potyvirids infecting this host.
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13
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Pavesi A. Origin, Evolution and Stability of Overlapping Genes in Viruses: A Systematic Review. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12060809. [PMID: 34073395 PMCID: PMC8227390 DOI: 10.3390/genes12060809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
During their long evolutionary history viruses generated many proteins de novo by a mechanism called “overprinting”. Overprinting is a process in which critical nucleotide substitutions in a pre-existing gene can induce the expression of a novel protein by translation of an alternative open reading frame (ORF). Overlapping genes represent an intriguing example of adaptive conflict, because they simultaneously encode two proteins whose freedom to change is constrained by each other. However, overlapping genes are also a source of genetic novelties, as the constraints under which alternative ORFs evolve can give rise to proteins with unusual sequence properties, most importantly the potential for novel functions. Starting with the discovery of overlapping genes in phages infecting Escherichia coli, this review covers a range of studies dealing with detection of overlapping genes in small eukaryotic viruses (genomic length below 30 kb) and recognition of their critical role in the evolution of pathogenicity. Origin of overlapping genes, what factors favor their birth and retention, and how they manage their inherent adaptive conflict are extensively reviewed. Special attention is paid to the assembly of overlapping genes into ad hoc databases, suitable for future studies, and to the development of statistical methods for exploring viral genome sequences in search of undiscovered overlaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Pavesi
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 23/A, I-43124 Parma, Italy
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14
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Selective Interaction of Sugarcane eIF4E with VPgs from Sugarcane Mosaic Pathogens. Viruses 2021; 13:v13030518. [PMID: 33809985 PMCID: PMC8005120 DOI: 10.3390/v13030518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) plays a key role in the infection of potyviruses in susceptible plants by interacting with viral genome-linked protein (VPg). Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) production is threatened by mosaic disease caused by Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV), Sorghum mosaic virus (SrMV), and Sugarcane streak mosaic virus (SCSMV). In this study, two eIF4Es and their isoform eIF(iso)4E and 4E-binding protein coding genes were cloned from sugarcane cultivar ROC22 and designated SceIF4Ea, SceIF4Eb, SceIF(iso)4E, and ScnCBP, respectively. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis showed different expression profiles of these four genes upon SCMV challenge. A subcellular localization assay showed that SceIF4Ea, SceIF4Eb, SceIF(iso)4E, and ScnCBP were distributed in the nucleus and cytoplasm. Yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assays showed that SceIF4Ea/b and SceIF(iso)4E were selectively employed by different sugarcane mosaic pathogens, i.e., SCMV-VPg interacted with SceIF4Ea/b and SceIF(iso)4E, SrMV-VPg interacted with both SceIF4Eb and SceIF(iso)4E, and SCSMV-VPg interacted only with SceIF(iso)4E. Intriguingly, the BiFC assays, but not the Y2H assays, showed that ScnCBP interacted with the VPgs of SCMV, SrMV, and SCSMV. Competitive interaction assays showed that SCMV-VPg, SrMV-VPg, and SCMV-VPg did not compete with each other to interact with SceIF(iso)4E, and SceIF(iso)4E competed with SceIF4Eb to interact with SrMV-VPg but not SCMV-VPg. This study sheds light on the molecular mechanism of sugarcane mosaic pathogen infection of sugarcane plants and benefits sugarcane breeding against the sugarcane mosaic disease.
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15
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Li F, Zhang C, Tang Z, Zhang L, Dai Z, Lyu S, Li Y, Hou X, Bernards M, Wang A. A plant RNA virus activates selective autophagy in a UPR-dependent manner to promote virus infection. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 228:622-639. [PMID: 32479643 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved pathway in eukaryotes that delivers unwanted cytoplasmic materials to the lysosome/vacuole for degradation/recycling. Stimulated autophagy emerges as an integral part of plant immunity against intracellular pathogens. In this study, we used turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) as a model to investigate the involvement of autophagy in plant RNA virus infection. The small integral membrane protein 6K2 of TuMV, known as a marker of the virus replication site and an elicitor of the unfolded protein response (UPR), upregulates the selective autophagy receptor gene NBR1 in a UPR-dependent manner. NBR1 interacts with TuMV NIb, the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of the virus replication complex (VRC), and the autophagy cargo receptor/adaptor protein ATG8f. The NIb/NBR1/ATG8f interaction complexes colocalise with the 6K2-stained VRC. Overexpression of NBR1 or ATG8f enhances TuMV replication, and deficiency of NBR1 or ATG8f inhibits virus infection. In addition, ATG8f interacts with the tonoplast-specific protein TIP1 and the NBR1/ATG8f-containing VRC is enclosed by the TIP1-labelled tonoplast. In TuMV-infected cells, numerous membrane-bound viral particles are evident in the vacuole. Altogether these results suggest that TuMV activates and manipulates UPR-dependent NBR1-ATG8f autophagy to target the VRC to the tonoplast to promote viral replication and virion accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Li
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, N5V 4T3, Canada
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Changwei Zhang
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, N5V 4T3, Canada
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ziwei Tang
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, N5V 4T3, Canada
- Depatment of Biology, Western University, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Lingrui Zhang
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, N5V 4T3, Canada
- Depatment of Biology, Western University, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Zhaoji Dai
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, N5V 4T3, Canada
- Depatment of Biology, Western University, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Shanwu Lyu
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, N5V 4T3, Canada
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yinzi Li
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, N5V 4T3, Canada
| | - Xilin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Mark Bernards
- Depatment of Biology, Western University, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Aiming Wang
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, N5V 4T3, Canada
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16
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Morozov SY, Solovyev AG. Small hydrophobic viral proteins involved in intercellular movement of diverse plant virus genomes. AIMS Microbiol 2020; 6:305-329. [PMID: 33134746 PMCID: PMC7595835 DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2020019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Most plant viruses code for movement proteins (MPs) targeting plasmodesmata to enable cell-to-cell and systemic spread in infected plants. Small membrane-embedded MPs have been first identified in two viral transport gene modules, triple gene block (TGB) coding for an RNA-binding helicase TGB1 and two small hydrophobic proteins TGB2 and TGB3 and double gene block (DGB) encoding two small polypeptides representing an RNA-binding protein and a membrane protein. These findings indicated that movement gene modules composed of two or more cistrons may encode the nucleic acid-binding protein and at least one membrane-bound movement protein. The same rule was revealed for small DNA-containing plant viruses, namely, viruses belonging to genus Mastrevirus (family Geminiviridae) and the family Nanoviridae. In multi-component transport modules the nucleic acid-binding MP can be viral capsid protein(s), as in RNA-containing viruses of the families Closteroviridae and Potyviridae. However, membrane proteins are always found among MPs of these multicomponent viral transport systems. Moreover, it was found that small membrane MPs encoded by many viruses can be involved in coupling viral replication and cell-to-cell movement. Currently, the studies of evolutionary origin and functioning of small membrane MPs is regarded as an important pre-requisite for understanding of the evolution of the existing plant virus transport systems. This paper represents the first comprehensive review which describes the whole diversity of small membrane MPs and presents the current views on their role in plant virus movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Y Morozov
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Virology, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey G Solovyev
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Virology, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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17
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Sanfaçon H. Modulation of disease severity by plant positive-strand RNA viruses: The complex interplay of multifunctional viral proteins, subviral RNAs and virus-associated RNAs with plant signaling pathways and defense responses. Adv Virus Res 2020; 107:87-131. [PMID: 32711736 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aivir.2020.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Plant viruses induce a range of symptoms of varying intensity, ranging from severe systemic necrosis to mild or asymptomatic infection. Several evolutionary constraints drive virus virulence, including the dependence of viruses on host factors to complete their infection cycle, the requirement to counteract or evade plant antiviral defense responses and the mode of virus transmission. Viruses have developed an array of strategies to modulate disease severity. Accumulating evidence has highlighted not only the multifunctional role that viral proteins play in disrupting or highjacking plant factors, hormone signaling pathways and intracellular organelles, but also the interaction networks between viral proteins, subviral RNAs and/or other viral-associated RNAs that regulate disease severity. This review focusses on positive-strand RNA viruses, which constitute the majority of characterized plant viruses. Using well-characterized viruses with different genome types as examples, recent advances are discussed as well as knowledge gaps and opportunities for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Sanfaçon
- Summerland Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Summerland, BC, Canada.
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18
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Kim IH, Ju HK, Gong J, Han JY, Seo EY, Cho SW, Hu WX, Choi SR, Lim YP, Domier LL, Hammond J, Lim HS. A Turnip Mosaic Virus Determinant of Systemic Necrosis in Nicotiana benthamiana and a Novel Resistance-Breaking Determinant in Chinese Cabbage Identified from Chimeric Infectious Clones. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2019; 109:1638-1647. [PMID: 31044662 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-08-18-0323-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Infectious clones of Korean turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) isolates KIH1 and HJY1 share 88.1% genomic nucleotides and 96.4% polyprotein amino acid identity, and they induce systemic necrosis or mild mosaic, respectively, in Nicotiana benthamiana. Chimeric constructs between these isolates exchanged the 5', central, and 3' domains of KIH1 (K) and HJY1 (H), where the order of the letters indicates the origin of these domains. KIH1 and chimeras KHH and KKH induced systemic necrosis, whereas HJY1 and chimeras HHK, HKK, and HKH induced mild symptoms, indicating the determinant of necrosis to be within the 5' 3.9 kb of KIH1; amino acid identities of the included P1, Helper component protease, P3, 6K1, and cylindrical inclusion N-terminal domain were 90.06, 98.91, 93.80, 100, and 100%, respectively. Expression of P1 or P3 from a potato virus X vector yielded symptom differences only between P3 of KIH1 and HJY1, implicating a role for P3 in necrosis in N. benthamiana. Chimera KKH infected Brassica rapa var. pekinensis 'Norang', which was resistant to both KIH1 and HJY1, indicating that two separate TuMV determinants are required to overcome the resistance. Ability of diverse TuMV isolates, chimeras, and recombinants to overcome resistance in breeding lines may allow identification of novel resistance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ik-Hyun Kim
- Department of Applied Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Hye-Kyoung Ju
- Department of Applied Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Junsu Gong
- Department of Applied Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jae-Yeong Han
- Department of Applied Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Eun-Young Seo
- Department of Applied Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Sang-Won Cho
- Department of Applied Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Wen-Xing Hu
- Department of Applied Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Su Ryun Choi
- Department of Horticulture, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Yong Pyo Lim
- Department of Horticulture, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Leslie L Domier
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, U.S.A
| | - John Hammond
- Floral and Nursery Plants Research Unit, U.S. National Arboretum, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agriculture Research Service, Beltsville, MD, U.S.A
| | - Hyoun-Sub Lim
- Department of Applied Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
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19
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Zhang H, Cheng G, Yang Z, Wang T, Xu J. Identification of Sugarcane Host Factors Interacting with the 6K2 Protein of the Sugarcane Mosaic Virus. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20163867. [PMID: 31398864 PMCID: PMC6719097 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20163867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The 6K2 protein of potyviruses plays a key role in the viral infection in plants. In the present study, the coding sequence of 6K2 was cloned from Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) strain FZ1 into pBT3-STE to generate the plasmid pBT3-STE-6K2, which was used as bait to screen a cDNA library prepared from sugarcane plants infected with SCMV based on the DUALmembrane system. One hundred and fifty-seven positive colonies were screened and sequenced, and the corresponding full-length genes were cloned from sugarcane cultivar ROC22. Then, 24 genes with annotations were obtained, and the deduced proteins were classified into three groups, in which eight proteins were involved in the stress response, 12 proteins were involved in transport, and four proteins were involved in photosynthesis based on their biological functions. Of the 24 proteins, 20 proteins were verified to interact with SCMV-6K2 by yeast two-hybrid assays. The possible roles of these proteins in SCMV infection on sugarcane are analyzed and discussed. This is the first report on the interaction of SCMV-6K2 with host factors from sugarcane, and will improve knowledge on the mechanism of SCMV infection in sugarcane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Guangyuan Cheng
- National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zongtao Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Tong Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jingsheng Xu
- National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- State Key Laboratory for Protection and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
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20
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Ghosh S, Dutta A, Patra S, Sato J, Nishinari K, Chowdhury D. Biologically motivated asymmetric exclusion process: Interplay of congestion in RNA polymerase traffic and slippage of nascent transcript. Phys Rev E 2019; 99:052122. [PMID: 31212543 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.99.052122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We develop a theoretical framework, based on an exclusion process, that is motivated by a biological phenomenon called transcript slippage (TS). In this model a discrete lattice represents a DNA strand while each of the particles that hop on it unidirectionally, from site to site, represents a RNA polymerase (RNAP). While walking like a molecular motor along a DNA track in a step-by-step manner, a RNAP simultaneously synthesizes an RNA chain; in each forward step it elongates the nascent RNA molecule by one unit, using the DNA track also as the template. At some special "slippery" position on the DNA, which we represent as a defect on the lattice, a RNAP can lose its grip on the nascent RNA and the latter's consequent slippage results in a final product that is either longer or shorter than the corresponding DNA template. We develop an exclusion model for RNAP traffic where the kinetics of the system at the defect site captures key features of TS events. We demonstrate the interplay of the crowding of RNAPs and TS. A RNAP has to wait at the defect site for a longer period in more congested RNAP traffic, thereby increasing the likelihood of its suffering a larger number of TS events. The qualitative trends of some of our results for a simple special case of our model are consistent with experimental observations. The general theoretical framework presented here will be useful for guiding future experimental queries and for analysis of the experimental data with more detailed versions of the same model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumendu Ghosh
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Annwesha Dutta
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
| | | | - Jun Sato
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Komaba 4-6-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Nishinari
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Komaba 4-6-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
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21
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Mutuku JM, Wamonje FO, Mukeshimana G, Njuguna J, Wamalwa M, Choi SK, Tungadi T, Djikeng A, Kelly K, Domelevo Entfellner JB, Ghimire SR, Mignouna HD, Carr JP, Harvey JJW. Metagenomic Analysis of Plant Virus Occurrence in Common Bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris) in Central Kenya. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2939. [PMID: 30581419 PMCID: PMC6293961 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Two closely related potyviruses, bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) and bean common mosaic necrosis virus (BCMNV), are regarded as major constraints on production of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in Eastern and Central Africa, where this crop provides a high proportion of dietary protein as well as other nutritional, agronomic, and economic benefits. Previous studies using antibody-based assays and indicator plants indicated that BCMV and BCMNV are both prevalent in bean fields in the region but these approaches cannot distinguish between these potyviruses or detect other viruses that may threaten the crop. In this study, we utilized next generation shotgun sequencing for a metagenomic examination of viruses present in bean plants growing at two locations in Kenya: the University of Nairobi Research Farm in Nairobi's Kabete district and at sites in Kirinyaga County. RNA was extracted from leaves of bean plants exhibiting apparent viral symptoms and sequenced on the Illumina MiSeq platform. We detected BCMNV, cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), and Phaseolus vulgaris alphaendornaviruses 1 and 2 (PvEV1 and 2), with CMV present in the Kirinyaga samples. The CMV strain detected in this study was most closely related to Asian strains, which suggests that it may be a recent introduction to the region. Surprisingly, and in contrast to previous surveys, BCMV was not detected in plants at either location. Some plants were infected with PvEV1 and 2. The detection of PvEV1 and 2 suggests these seed transmitted viruses may be more prevalent in Eastern African bean germplasm than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Musembi Mutuku
- Biosciences Eastern and Central Africa, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Francis O. Wamonje
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Gerardine Mukeshimana
- Biosciences Eastern and Central Africa, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Joyce Njuguna
- Biosciences Eastern and Central Africa, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Mark Wamalwa
- Biotechnology Department, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Seung-Kook Choi
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Vegetable Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Agency, Wanju County, South Korea
| | - Trisna Tungadi
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Appolinaire Djikeng
- Biosciences Eastern and Central Africa, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Krys Kelly
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Sita R. Ghimire
- Biosciences Eastern and Central Africa, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Hodeba D. Mignouna
- Biosciences Eastern and Central Africa, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - John P. Carr
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jagger J. W. Harvey
- Biosciences Eastern and Central Africa, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
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22
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Stewart H, Olspert A, Butt BG, Firth AE. Propensity of a picornavirus polymerase to slip on potyvirus-derived transcriptional slippage sites. J Gen Virol 2018; 100:199-205. [PMID: 30507373 PMCID: PMC6591135 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The substitution rates of viral polymerases have been studied extensively. However less is known about the tendency of these enzymes to 'slip' during RNA synthesis to produce progeny RNAs with nucleotide insertions or deletions. We recently described the functional utilization of programmed polymerase slippage in the family Potyviridae. This slippage results in either an insertion or a substitution, depending on whether the RNA duplex realigns following the insertion. In this study we investigated whether this phenomenon is a conserved feature of superfamily I viral RdRps, by inserting a range of potyvirus-derived slip-prone sequences into a picornavirus, Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV). Deep-sequencing analysis of viral transcripts indicates that the TMEV polymerase 'slips' at the sequences U6-7 and A6-7 to insert additional nucleotides. Such sequences are under-represented within picornaviral genomes, suggesting that slip-prone sequences create a fitness cost. Nonetheless, the TMEV insertional and substitutional spectrum differed from that previously determined for the potyvirus polymerase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazel Stewart
- 1Division of Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Allan Olspert
- 2School of Science, Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Benjamin G Butt
- 1Division of Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrew E Firth
- 1Division of Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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23
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Xu T, Lei L, Shi J, Wang X, Chen J, Xue M, Sun S, Zhan B, Xia Z, Jiang N, Zhou T, Lai J, Fan Z. Characterization of maize translational responses to sugarcane mosaic virus infection. Virus Res 2018; 259:97-107. [PMID: 30355529 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2018.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) frequently causes dramatic losses in maize production as the main pathogen of maize dwarf mosaic disease. It is important to understand the translational responses in maize to SCMV infection since viruses have to recruit host translation apparatus to express their proteins. However, due to technical limitations, research on virus translation lags far behind that on transcription. Here, we studied the relationship between systemic symptom expression and virus accumulation and found that both SCMV RNA and proteins accumulated rapidly during the systemic infection process in which varying degrees of chlorosis to mosaic symptoms developed on non-inoculated leaves. In addition, we applied ribosome profiling, which couples polysomal mRNA isolation with high-throughput sequencing, on the symptomatic leaves infected with SCMV to unravel the translational responses of maize to viral infection on a genome-wide scale. The results showed that only the genomic positive-stranded RNA of SCMV was involved in translation, and SCMV only occupied a small amount of translational resources of host plant at the early stage of infection. Further analyses on a global gene expression and gene ontology (GO) enrichment revealed that photosynthesis and metabolism were dramatically repressed at both transcriptional and translational levels. Altogether, our results laid a foundation for dissecting the molecular mechanism of plant translational responses to viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengzhi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management-MOA, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Lei Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management-MOA, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China; Guizhou Rapeseed Institute, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550008, PR China
| | - Junpeng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and National Maize Improvement Center, Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and National Maize Improvement Center, Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Jian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and National Maize Improvement Center, Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Mingshuo Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management-MOA, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Silong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and National Maize Improvement Center, Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Binhui Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management-MOA, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Zihao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management-MOA, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Na Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management-MOA, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Tao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management-MOA, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Jinsheng Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and National Maize Improvement Center, Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Zaifeng Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management-MOA, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China.
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24
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Movahed N, Patarroyo C, Sun J, Vali H, Laliberté JF, Zheng H. Cylindrical Inclusion Protein of Turnip Mosaic Virus Serves as a Docking Point for the Intercellular Movement of Viral Replication Vesicles. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 175:1732-1744. [PMID: 29089395 PMCID: PMC5717746 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.01484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Plant viruses move from the initially infected cell to adjacent cells through plasmodesmata (PDs). To do so, viruses encode dedicated protein(s) that facilitate this process. How viral proteins act together to support the intercellular movement of viruses is poorly defined. Here, by using an infection-free intercellular vesicle movement assay, we investigate the action of CI (cylindrical inclusion) and P3N-PIPO (amino-terminal half of P3 fused to Pretty Interesting Potyviridae open reading frame), the two PD-localized potyviral proteins encoded by Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV), in the intercellular movement of the viral replication vesicles. We provide evidence that CI and P3N-PIPO are sufficient to support the PD targeting and intercellular movement of TuMV replication vesicles induced by 6K2, a viral protein responsible for the generation of replication vesicles. 6K2 interacts with CI but not P3N-PIPO. When this interaction is impaired, the intercellular movement of TuMV replication vesicles is inhibited. Furthermore, in transmission electron microscopy, vesicular structures are observed in connection with the cylindrical inclusion bodies at structurally modified PDs in cells coexpressing 6K2, CI, and P3N-PIPO. CI is directed to PDs through its interaction with P3N-PIPO. We hypothesize that CI serves as a docking point for PD targeting and the intercellular movement of TuMV replication vesicles. This work contributes to a better understanding of the roles of different viral proteins in coordinating the intercellular movement of viral replication vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nooshin Movahed
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3B 1A1, Canada
| | - Camilo Patarroyo
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3B 1A1, Canada
| | - Jiaqi Sun
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3B 1A1, Canada
| | - Hojatollah Vali
- Facility for Electron Microscopy Research, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C7, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C7, Canada
| | | | - Huanquan Zheng
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3B 1A1, Canada
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25
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Cheng G, Dong M, Xu Q, Peng L, Yang Z, Wei T, Xu J. Dissecting the Molecular Mechanism of the Subcellular Localization and Cell-to-cell Movement of the Sugarcane mosaic virus P3N-PIPO. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9868. [PMID: 28852157 PMCID: PMC5575073 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10497-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The coding sequence of P3N-PIPO was cloned by fusion PCR from Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV), a main causal agent of sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrid) mosaic disease. SCMV P3N-PIPO preferentially localized to the plasma membrane (PM) compared with the plasmodesmata (PD), as demonstrated by transient expression and plasmolysis assays in the leaf epidermal cells of Nicotiana benthamiana. The subcellular localization of the P3N-PIPO mutants P3N-PIPOT1 and P3N-PIPOT2 with 29 and 63 amino acids deleted from the C-terminus of PIPO, respectively, revealed that the 19 amino acids at the N-terminus of PIPO contributed to the PD localization. Interaction assays showed that the 63 amino acids at the C-terminus of PIPO determined the P3N-PIPO interaction with PM-associated Ca2+-binding protein 1, ScPCaP1, which was isolated from the SCMV-susceptible sugarcane cultivar Badila. Like wild-type P3N-PIPO, P3N-PIPOT1 and P3N-PIPOT2 could translocate to neighbouring cells and recruit the SCMV cylindrical inclusion protein to the PM. Thus, interactions with ScPCaP1 may contribute to, but not determine, SCMV Pm3N-PIPO’s localization to the PM or PD. These results also imply the existence of truncated P3N-PIPO in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyuan Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Meng Dong
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Lei Peng
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Zongtao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Taiyun Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China.
| | - Jingsheng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China.
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