1
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Gnanapragasam MN, Planutis A, Glassberg JA, Bieker JJ. Identification of a genomic DNA sequence that quantitatively modulates KLF1 transcription factor expression in differentiating human hematopoietic cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7589. [PMID: 37165057 PMCID: PMC10172341 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34805-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The onset of erythropoiesis is under strict developmental control, with direct and indirect inputs influencing its derivation from the hematopoietic stem cell. A major regulator of this transition is KLF1/EKLF, a zinc finger transcription factor that plays a global role in all aspects of erythropoiesis. Here, we have identified a short, conserved enhancer element in KLF1 intron 1 that is important for establishing optimal levels of KLF1 in mouse and human cells. Chromatin accessibility of this site exhibits cell-type specificity and is under developmental control during the differentiation of human CD34+ cells towards the erythroid lineage. This site binds GATA1, SMAD1, TAL1, and ETV6. In vivo editing of this region in cell lines and primary cells reduces KLF1 expression quantitatively. However, we find that, similar to observations seen in pedigrees of families with KLF1 mutations, downstream effects are variable, suggesting that the global architecture of the site is buffered towards keeping the KLF1 genetic region in an active state. We propose that modification of intron 1 in both alleles is not equivalent to complete loss of function of one allele.
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Affiliation(s)
- M N Gnanapragasam
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1020, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - A Planutis
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1020, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - J A Glassberg
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hematology and Medical Oncology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - J J Bieker
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1020, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, USA.
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, USA.
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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2
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Bogush D, Schramm J, Ding Y, He B, Singh C, Sharma A, Tukaramrao DB, Iyer S, Desai D, Nalesnik G, Hengst J, Bhalodia R, Gowda C, Dovat S. Signaling pathways and regulation of gene expression in hematopoietic cells. Adv Biol Regul 2023; 88:100942. [PMID: 36621151 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2022.100942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cellular functions are regulated by signal transduction pathway networks consisting of protein-modifying enzymes that control the activity of many downstream proteins. Protein kinases and phosphatases regulate gene expression by reversible phosphorylation of transcriptional factors, which are their direct substrates. Casein kinase II (CK2) is a serine/threonine kinase that phosphorylates a large number of proteins that have critical roles in cellular proliferation, metabolism and survival. Altered function of CK2 has been associated with malignant transformation, immunological disorders and other types of diseases. Protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) is a serine/threonine phosphatase, which regulates the phosphorylation status of many proteins that are essential for cellular functions. IKAROS is a DNA-binding protein, which functions as a regulator of gene transcription in hematopoietic cells. CK2 directly phosphorylates IKAROS at multiple phosphosites which determines IKAROS activity as a regulator of gene expression. PP1 binds to IKAROS via the PP1-consensus recognition site and dephosphorylates serine/threonine residues that are phosphorylated by CK2. Thus, the interplay between CK2 and PP1 signaling pathways have opposing effects on the phosphorylation status of their mutual substrate - IKAROS. This review summarizes the effects of CK2 and PP1 on IKAROS role in regulation of gene expression and its function as a tumor suppressor in leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Bogush
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 1703, USA
| | - Joseph Schramm
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 1703, USA
| | - Yali Ding
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 1703, USA
| | - Bing He
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 1703, USA
| | - Chingakham Singh
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 1703, USA
| | - Arati Sharma
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 1703, USA
| | | | - Soumya Iyer
- University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Dhimant Desai
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 1703, USA
| | - Gregory Nalesnik
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 1703, USA
| | - Jeremy Hengst
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 1703, USA
| | - Riya Bhalodia
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 1703, USA
| | - Chandrika Gowda
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 1703, USA.
| | - Sinisa Dovat
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 1703, USA.
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3
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EVI1 drives leukemogenesis through aberrant ERG activation. Blood 2023; 141:453-466. [PMID: 36095844 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022016592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal rearrangements involving the MDS1 and EVI1 complex locus (MECOM) on chromosome 3q26 define an aggressive subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) that is associated with chemotherapy resistance and dismal prognosis. Established treatment regimens commonly fail in these patients, therefore, there is an urgent need for new therapeutic concepts that will require a better understanding of the molecular and cellular functions of the ecotropic viral integration site 1 (EVI1) oncogene. To characterize gene regulatory functions of EVI1 and associated dependencies in AML, we developed experimentally tractable human and murine disease models, investigated the transcriptional consequences of EVI1 withdrawal in vitro and in vivo, and performed the first genome-wide CRISPR screens in EVI1-dependent AML. By integrating conserved transcriptional targets with genetic dependency data, we identified and characterized the ETS transcription factor ERG as a direct transcriptional target of EVI1 that is aberrantly expressed and selectively required in both human and murine EVI1-driven AML. EVI1 controls the expression of ERG and occupies a conserved intragenic enhancer region in AML cell lines and samples from patients with primary AML. Suppression of ERG induces terminal differentiation of EVI1-driven AML cells, whereas ectopic expression of ERG abrogates their dependence on EVI1, indicating that the major oncogenic functions of EVI1 are mediated through aberrant transcriptional activation of ERG. Interfering with this regulatory axis may provide entry points for the development of rational targeted therapies.
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4
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Xiong Z, Wu S, Li FJ, Luo C, Jin QY, Connolly ID, Hayden Gephart M, You L. Elevated ETV6 Expression in Glioma Promotes an Aggressive In Vitro Phenotype Associated with Shorter Patient Survival. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13101882. [PMID: 36292767 PMCID: PMC9656946 DOI: 10.3390/genes13101882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: GBM astrocytes may adopt fetal astrocyte transcriptomic signatures involved in brain development and migration programs to facilitate diffuse tumor infiltration. Our previous data show that ETS variant 6 (ETV6) is highly expressed in human GBM and fetal astrocytes compared to normal mature astrocytes. We hypothesized that ETV6 played a role in GBM tumor progression. Methods: Expression of ETV6 was first examined in two American and three Chinese tissue microarrays. The correlation between ETV6 staining intensity and patient survival was calculated, followed by validation using public databases—TCGA and REMBRANDT. The effect of ETV6 knockdown on glioma cell proliferation (EdU), viability (AnnexinV labeling), clonogenic growth (colony formation), and migration/invasion (transwell assays) in GBM cells was tested. RNA sequencing and Western blot were performed to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. Results: ETV6 was highly expressed in GBM and associated with an unfavorable prognosis. ETV6 silencing in glioma cells led to increased apoptosis or decreased proliferation, clonogenicity, migration, and invasion. RNA-Seq-based gene expression and pathway analyses revealed that ETV6 knockdown in U251 cells led to the upregulation of genes involved in extracellular matrix organization, NF-κB signaling, TNF-mediated signaling, and the downregulation of genes in the regulation of cell motility, cell proliferation, PI3K-AKT signaling, and the Ras pathway. The downregulation of the PI3K-AKT and Ras-MAPK pathways were further validated by immunoblotting. Conclusion: Our findings suggested that ETV6 was highly expressed in GBM and its high expression correlated with poor survival. ETV6 silencing decreased an aggressive in vitro phenotype probably via the PI3K-AKT and Ras-MAPK pathways. The study encourages further investigation of ETV6 as a potential therapeutic target of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
- Neurosurgical Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
- Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai 200040, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Shuai Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
- Neurosurgical Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
- Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai 200040, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Feng-jiao Li
- Department of Human Anatomy & Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chen Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
- Neurosurgical Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
- Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai 200040, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Qiu-yan Jin
- Department of Human Anatomy & Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ian David Connolly
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Melanie Hayden Gephart
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
- Correspondence: to: (M.H.G.); (L.Y.)
| | - Linya You
- Department of Human Anatomy & Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention of Shanghai, Shanghai 200032, China
- Correspondence: to: (M.H.G.); (L.Y.)
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5
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Bal E, Kumar R, Hadigol M, Holmes AB, Hilton LK, Loh JW, Dreval K, Wong JCH, Vlasevska S, Corinaldesi C, Soni RK, Basso K, Morin RD, Khiabanian H, Pasqualucci L, Dalla-Favera R. Super-enhancer hypermutation alters oncogene expression in B cell lymphoma. Nature 2022; 607:808-815. [PMID: 35794478 PMCID: PMC9583699 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04906-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma and remains incurable in around 40% of patients. Efforts to sequence the coding genome identified several genes and pathways that are altered in this disease, including potential therapeutic targets1-5. However, the non-coding genome of DLBCL remains largely unexplored. Here we show that active super-enhancers are highly and specifically hypermutated in 92% of samples from individuals with DLBCL, display signatures of activation-induced cytidine deaminase activity, and are linked to genes that encode B cell developmental regulators and oncogenes. As evidence of oncogenic relevance, we show that the hypermutated super-enhancers linked to the BCL6, BCL2 and CXCR4 proto-oncogenes prevent the binding and transcriptional downregulation of the corresponding target gene by transcriptional repressors, including BLIMP1 (targeting BCL6) and the steroid receptor NR3C1 (targeting BCL2 and CXCR4). Genetic correction of selected mutations restored repressor DNA binding, downregulated target gene expression and led to the counter-selection of cells containing corrected alleles, indicating an oncogenic dependency on the super-enhancer mutations. This pervasive super-enhancer mutational mechanism reveals a major set of genetic lesions deregulating gene expression, which expands the involvement of known oncogenes in DLBCL pathogenesis and identifies new deregulated gene targets of therapeutic relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Bal
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana, India
| | - Mohammad Hadigol
- Center for Systems and Computational Biology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Antony B Holmes
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Laura K Hilton
- Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jui Wan Loh
- Center for Systems and Computational Biology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Kostiantyn Dreval
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jasper C H Wong
- Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sofija Vlasevska
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Rajesh Kumar Soni
- Proteomics and Macromolecular Crystallography Shared Resource, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Katia Basso
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ryan D Morin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
- Genome Sciences Center, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Hossein Khiabanian
- Center for Systems and Computational Biology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Laura Pasqualucci
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Riccardo Dalla-Favera
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Genetics & Development, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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6
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Fasih Ramandi N, Faranoush M, Ghassempour A, Aboul-Enein HY. Mass Spectrometry: A Powerful Method for Monitoring Various Type of Leukemia, Especially MALDI-TOF in Leukemia's Proteomics Studies Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2021; 52:1259-1286. [PMID: 33499652 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2021.1871844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Recent success in studying the proteome, as a source of biomarkers, has completely changed our understanding of leukemia (blood cancer). The identification of differentially expressed proteins, such as relapse and drug resistance proteins involved in leukemia by using various ionization sources and mass analyzers of mass spectrometry techniques, has helped scientists find better diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment strategies. With the aid of this powerful analytical technique, we can investigate the qualification/quantification of proteins, protein-protein interactions, post-translational modifications, and find the correlation between proteins and their genes with the hope of finding the missing parts of the successful therapy puzzle. In this review, we followed different MS sources and analyzers which used for monitoring various type of leukemia, then focused on MALDI-TOF MS as a quick and reliable method for studying proteins. Due to several review published for other techniques, the present review is the first work in this field. Also, by classifying more than 400 proteins, we have found 42 proteins are involved in two or three different stages of leukemia. Finally, we have suggested six specific biomarkers for AML, one for ALL, three biomarkers with a role in the etiology of leukemia and 13 markers with the potential for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negin Fasih Ramandi
- Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Faranoush
- Pediatric Growth and Development Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Ghassempour
- Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Y Aboul-Enein
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
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7
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Regulation of Small GTPase Rab20 by Ikaros in B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051718. [PMID: 32138279 PMCID: PMC7084408 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ikaros is a DNA-binding protein that regulates gene expression and functions as a tumor suppressor in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). The full cohort of Ikaros target genes have yet to be identified. Here, we demonstrate that Ikaros directly regulates expression of the small GTPase, Rab20. Using ChIP-seq and qChIP we assessed Ikaros binding and the epigenetic signature at the RAB20 promoter. Expression of Ikaros, CK2, and RAB20 was determined by qRT-PCR. Overexpression of Ikaros was achieved by retroviral transduction, whereas shRNA was used to knockdown Ikaros and CK2. Regulation of transcription from the RAB20 promoter was analyzed by luciferase reporter assay. The results showed that Ikaros binds the RAB20 promoter in B-ALL. Gain-of-function and loss-of-function experiments demonstrated that Ikaros represses RAB20 transcription via chromatin remodeling. Phosphorylation by CK2 kinase reduces Ikaros’ affinity toward the RAB20 promoter and abolishes its ability to repress RAB20 transcription. Dephosphorylation by PP1 phosphatase enhances both Ikaros’ DNA-binding affinity toward the RAB20 promoter and RAB20 repression. In conclusion, the results demonstrated opposing effects of CK2 and PP1 on expression of Rab20 via control of Ikaros’ activity as a transcriptional regulator. A novel regulatory signaling network in B-cell leukemia that involves CK2, PP1, Ikaros, and Rab20 is identified.
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8
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Belver L, Yang AY, Albero R, Herranz D, Brundu FG, Quinn SA, Pérez-Durán P, Álvarez S, Gianni F, Rashkovan M, Gurung D, Rocha PP, Raviram R, Reglero C, Cortés JR, Cooke AJ, Wendorff AA, Cordó V, Meijerink JP, Rabadan R, Ferrando AA. GATA3-Controlled Nucleosome Eviction Drives MYC Enhancer Activity in T-cell Development and Leukemia. Cancer Discov 2019; 9:1774-1791. [PMID: 31519704 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-19-0471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Long-range enhancers govern the temporal and spatial control of gene expression; however, the mechanisms that regulate enhancer activity during normal and malignant development remain poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate a role for aberrant chromatin accessibility in the regulation of MYC expression in T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). Central to this process, the NOTCH1-MYC enhancer (N-Me), a long-range T cell-specific MYC enhancer, shows dynamic changes in chromatin accessibility during T-cell specification and maturation and an aberrant high degree of chromatin accessibility in mouse and human T-ALL cells. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that GATA3-driven nucleosome eviction dynamically modulates N-Me enhancer activity and is strictly required for NOTCH1-induced T-ALL initiation and maintenance. These results directly implicate aberrant regulation of chromatin accessibility at oncogenic enhancers as a mechanism of leukemic transformation. SIGNIFICANCE: MYC is a major effector of NOTCH1 oncogenic programs in T-ALL. Here, we show a major role for GATA3-mediated enhancer nucleosome eviction as a driver of MYC expression and leukemic transformation. These results support the role of aberrant chromatin accessibility and consequent oncogenic MYC enhancer activation in NOTCH1-induced T-ALL.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1631.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Belver
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Alexander Y Yang
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Robert Albero
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Daniel Herranz
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey.,Department of Pharmacology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | | | - S Aidan Quinn
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Pablo Pérez-Durán
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Silvia Álvarez
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Francesca Gianni
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Marissa Rashkovan
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Devya Gurung
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Pedro P Rocha
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ramya Raviram
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, California.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Clara Reglero
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Jose R Cortés
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Anisha J Cooke
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | | | - Valentina Cordó
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jules P Meijerink
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Raúl Rabadan
- Department of Pharmacology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Adolfo A Ferrando
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, New York. .,Department of Pharmacology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey.,Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York.,Department of Pathology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
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9
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Aqaqe N, Yassin M, Yassin AA, Ershaid N, Katz-Even C, Zipin-Roitman A, Kugler E, Lechman ER, Gan OI, Mitchell A, Dick JE, Izraeli S, Milyavsky M. An ERG Enhancer-Based Reporter Identifies Leukemia Cells with Elevated Leukemogenic Potential Driven by ERG-USP9X Feed-Forward Regulation. Cancer Res 2019; 79:3862-3876. [PMID: 31175119 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-3215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Acute leukemia is a rapidly progressing blood cancer with low survival rates. Unfavorable prognosis is attributed to insufficiently characterized subpopulations of leukemia stem cells (LSC) that drive chemoresistance and leukemia relapse. Here we utilized a genetic reporter that assesses stemness to enrich and functionally characterize LSCs. We observed heterogeneous activity of the ERG+85 enhancer-based fluorescent reporter in human leukemias. Cells with high reporter activity (tagBFPHigh) exhibited elevated expression of stemness and chemoresistance genes and demonstrated increased clonogenicity and resistance to chemo- and radiotherapy as compared with their tagBFPNeg counterparts. The tagBFPHigh fraction was capable of regenerating the original cellular heterogeneity and demonstrated increased invasive ability. Moreover, the tagBFPHigh fraction was enriched for leukemia-initiating cells in a xenograft assay. We identified the ubiquitin hydrolase USP9X as a novel ERG transcriptional target that sustains ERG+85-positive cells by controlling ERG ubiquitination. Therapeutic targeting of USP9X led to preferential inhibition of the ERG-dependent leukemias. Collectively, these results characterize human leukemia cell functional heterogeneity and suggest that targeting ERG via USP9X inhibition may be a potential treatment strategy in patients with leukemia. SIGNIFICANCE: This study couples a novel experimental tool with state-of-the-art approaches to delineate molecular mechanisms underlying stem cell-related characteristics in leukemia cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasma Aqaqe
- Department of Pathology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Muhammad Yassin
- Department of Pathology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Abed Alkader Yassin
- Department of Pathology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nour Ershaid
- Department of Pathology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Chen Katz-Even
- Department of Pathology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Adi Zipin-Roitman
- Department of Pathology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eitan Kugler
- Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Schneider Children Medical Center Petah-Tikva, Israel.,The Gene Development and Environment Pediatric Research Institute, Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Department of Molecular Human Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eric R Lechman
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Olga I Gan
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amanda Mitchell
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John E Dick
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shai Izraeli
- Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Schneider Children Medical Center Petah-Tikva, Israel.,The Gene Development and Environment Pediatric Research Institute, Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Department of Molecular Human Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michael Milyavsky
- Department of Pathology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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10
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Ding Y, Zhang B, Payne JL, Song C, Ge Z, Gowda C, Iyer S, Dhanyamraju PK, Dorsam G, Reeves ME, Desai D, Huang S, Payne KJ, Yue F, Dovat S. Ikaros tumor suppressor function includes induction of active enhancers and super-enhancers along with pioneering activity. Leukemia 2019; 33:2720-2731. [PMID: 31073152 PMCID: PMC6842075 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-019-0474-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ikaros encodes a transcription factor that functions as a tumor suppressor in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). The mechanisms through which Ikaros regulates gene expression and cellular proliferation in T-ALL are unknown. Re-introduction of Ikaros into Ikaros-null T-ALL cells resulted in cessation of cellular proliferation and induction of T-cell differentiation. We performed dynamic, global, epigenomic and gene expression analyses to determine the mechanisms of Ikaros tumor suppressor activity. Our results identified novel Ikaros functions in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression: Ikaros directly regulates de novo formation and depletion of enhancers, de novo formation of active enhancers and activation of poised enhancers; Ikaros directly induces the formation of super-enhancers; and Ikaros demonstrates pioneering activity by directly regulating chromatin accessibility. Dynamic analyses demonstrate the long-lasting effects of Ikaros DNA binding on enhancer activation, de novo formation of enhancers and super-enhancers, and chromatin accessibility. Our results establish that Ikaros’ tumor suppressor function occurs via global regulation of the enhancer and super-enhancer landscape and through pioneering activity. Expression analysis identified a large number of novel signaling pathways that are directly regulated by Ikaros and Ikaros-induced enhancers, and that are responsible for the cessation of proliferation and induction of T-cell differentiation in T-ALL cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Ding
- Depatment of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Jonathon L Payne
- Depatment of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.,Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Chunhua Song
- Depatment of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Zheng Ge
- Department of Hematology, Zhongda Hospital Southeast University, Institute of Hematology Southeast University, 210009, Nanjing, China
| | - Chandrika Gowda
- Depatment of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Soumya Iyer
- Depatment of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Pavan K Dhanyamraju
- Depatment of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Glenn Dorsam
- Department of Microbiological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58102, USA
| | - Mark E Reeves
- Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Dhimant Desai
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Suming Huang
- Depatment of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Kimberly J Payne
- Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Feng Yue
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
| | - Sinisa Dovat
- Depatment of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
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11
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Yassin M, Aqaqe N, Yassin AA, van Galen P, Kugler E, Bernstein BE, Koren-Michowitz M, Canaani J, Nagler A, Lechman ER, Dick JE, Wienholds E, Izraeli S, Milyavsky M. A novel method for detecting the cellular stemness state in normal and leukemic human hematopoietic cells can predict disease outcome and drug sensitivity. Leukemia 2019; 33:2061-2077. [PMID: 30705411 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-019-0386-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Acute leukemia is an aggressive blood malignancy with low survival rates. A high expression of stem-like programs in leukemias predicts poor prognosis and is assumed to act in an aberrant fashion in the phenotypically heterogeneous leukemia stem cell (LSC) population. A lack of suitable genome engineering tools that can isolate LSCs based on their stemness precludes their comprehensive examination and full characterization. We hypothesized that tagging endogenous stemness-regulatory regions could generate a genome reporter for the putative leukemia stemness-state. Our analysis revealed that the ERG + 85 enhancer region can serve as a marker for stemness-state and a fluorescent lentiviral reporter was developed that can accurately recapitulate the endogenous activity. Using our novel reporter, we revealed cellular heterogeneity in several leukemia cell lines and patient-derived samples. Alterations in reporter activity were associated with transcriptomic and functional changes that were closely related to the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) identity. Notably, the differentiation potential was skewed towards the erythro-megakaryocytic lineage. Moreover, an ERG + 85High fraction of AML cells could regenerate the original cellular heterogeneity and was enriched for LSCs. RNA-seq analysis coupled with in silico drug-screen analysis identified 4HPR as an effective inhibitor of ERG + 85High leukemia growth. We propose that further utilization of our novel molecular tool will identify crucial determinants of LSCs, thus providing a rationale for their therapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Yassin
- Department of Pathology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
| | - Nasma Aqaqe
- Department of Pathology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
| | - Abed Alkader Yassin
- Department of Pathology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
| | - Peter van Galen
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Eitan Kugler
- Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Schneider Children Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel.,The Gene Development and Environment Pediatric Research Institute, Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Department of Molecular Human Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
| | - Bradley E Bernstein
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | | | - Jonathan Canaani
- Hematology Division, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Arnon Nagler
- Hematology Division, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Eric R Lechman
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - John E Dick
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Erno Wienholds
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Shai Izraeli
- Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Schneider Children Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel.,The Gene Development and Environment Pediatric Research Institute, Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Department of Molecular Human Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
| | - Michael Milyavsky
- Department of Pathology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel.
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12
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Daniel S, Nylander V, Ingerslev LR, Zhong L, Fabre O, Clifford B, Johnston K, Cohn RJ, Barres R, Simar D. T cell epigenetic remodeling and accelerated epigenetic aging are linked to long-term immune alterations in childhood cancer survivors. Clin Epigenetics 2018; 10:138. [PMID: 30400990 PMCID: PMC6219017 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-018-0561-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer treatments have substantially improved childhood cancer survival but are accompanied by long-term complications, notably chronic inflammatory diseases. We hypothesize that cancer treatments could lead to long-term epigenetic changes in immune cells, resulting in increased prevalence of inflammatory diseases in cancer survivors. Results To test this hypothesis, we established the epigenetic and transcriptomic profiles of immune cells from 44 childhood cancer survivors (CCS, > 16 years old) on full remission (> 5 years) who had received chemotherapy alone or in combination with total body irradiation (TBI) and hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). We found that more than 10 years post-treatment, CCS treated with TBI/HSCT showed an altered DNA methylation signature in T cell, particularly at genes controlling immune and inflammatory processes and oxidative stress. DNA methylation remodeling in T cell was partially associated with chronic expression changes of nearby genes, increased frequency of type 1 cytokine-producing T cell, elevated systemic levels of these cytokines, and over-activation of related signaling pathways. Survivors exposed to TBI/HSCT were further characterized by an Epigenetic-Aging-Signature of T cell consistent with accelerated epigenetic aging. To investigate the potential contribution of irradiation to these changes, we established two cell culture models. We identified that radiation partially recapitulated the immune changes observed in survivors through a bystander effect that could be mediated by circulating factors. Conclusion Cancer treatments, in particular TBI/HSCT, are associated with long-term immune disturbances. We propose that epigenetic remodeling of immune cells following cancer therapy augments inflammatory- and age-related diseases, including metabolic complications, in childhood cancer survivors. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13148-018-0561-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Daniel
- Mechanisms of Disease and Translational Research, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Wallace Wurth Building East Room 420, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Vibe Nylander
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Panum, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Lars R Ingerslev
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Panum, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Ling Zhong
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Odile Fabre
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Panum, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Briana Clifford
- Mechanisms of Disease and Translational Research, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Wallace Wurth Building East Room 420, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Karen Johnston
- School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney and Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital Network, Randwick, Australia
| | - Richard J Cohn
- School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney and Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital Network, Randwick, Australia
| | - Romain Barres
- Mechanisms of Disease and Translational Research, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Wallace Wurth Building East Room 420, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia. .,The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Panum, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark.
| | - David Simar
- Mechanisms of Disease and Translational Research, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Wallace Wurth Building East Room 420, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia. .,The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Panum, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark.
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13
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES E26 transformation-specific variant 6 gene (ETV6) is one of the most consistently rearranged genes in acute leukaemia. It encodes a principal hematopoietic transcription factor. METHODS We performed a systematic review focusing on the mechanisms responsible for etv6 acquisition, and its effect on the development of AML. We also review the Characteristics of ETV6 mutations and its fusion genes. Finally, for using ETV6 as a molecular target, we discuss future therapeutic approaches available to mitigate the associated disease. RESULTS ETV6 rearrangements often accompany other molecular mutations. Thirty-three distinct partner bands of ETV6 that contain various fusion genes were detected which plays a vital role in obtaining information about leukaemia genesis. RXDX-101 and PKC412 were reported to be inhibitors of ETV6-NTRK3. DISCUSSION Future researches are needed to explain how ETV6 mutations act within the microenvironment of leukemic cells and how it affects the progression of leukaemia.
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MESH Headings
- Benzamides/therapeutic use
- Gene Rearrangement
- Humans
- Indazoles/therapeutic use
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Mutation
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/antagonists & inhibitors
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ets/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ets/metabolism
- Repressor Proteins/genetics
- Repressor Proteins/metabolism
- Staurosporine/analogs & derivatives
- Staurosporine/therapeutic use
- Tumor Microenvironment
- ETS Translocation Variant 6 Protein
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zhou
- a Department of Hematology and Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School , Southeast University , Nanjing , People's Republic of China
| | - Baoan Chen
- a Department of Hematology and Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School , Southeast University , Nanjing , People's Republic of China
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14
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Vendramini E, Giordan M, Giarin E, Michielotto B, Fazio G, Cazzaniga G, Biondi A, Silvestri D, Valsecchi MG, Muckenthaler MU, Kulozik AE, Gattei V, Izraeli S, Basso G, Te Kronnie G. High expression of miR-125b-2 and SNORD116 noncoding RNA clusters characterize ERG-related B cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Oncotarget 2018; 8:42398-42413. [PMID: 28415578 PMCID: PMC5522075 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
ERG-related leukemia is a B cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP ALL) subtype characterized by aberrant expression of DUX4 and ERG transcription factors, and highly recurrent ERG intragenic deletions. ERG-related patients have remarkably favorable outcome despite a high incidence of inauspicious IKZF1 aberrations. We describe clinical and genomic features of the ERG-related cases in an unselected cohort of B-other BCP ALL pediatric patients enrolled in the AIEOP ALL 2000 therapeutic protocol. We report a small noncoding RNA signature specific of ERG-related group, with up-regulation of miR-125b-2 cluster on chromosome 21 and several snoRNAs in the Prader-Willi locus at 15q11.2, including the orphan SNORD116 cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Vendramini
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Marco Giordan
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Emanuela Giarin
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Barbara Michielotto
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Grazia Fazio
- Centro Ricerca Tettamanti, Clinica Pediatrica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Gianni Cazzaniga
- Centro Ricerca Tettamanti, Clinica Pediatrica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Andrea Biondi
- Centro Ricerca Tettamanti, Clinica Pediatrica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Daniela Silvestri
- Centro Ricerca Tettamanti, Clinica Pediatrica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | | | - Martina U Muckenthaler
- Department of Pediatric Oncology Hematology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas E Kulozik
- Department of Pediatric Oncology Hematology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Valter Gattei
- Clinical and Experimental Onco-Hematology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, I.R.C.C.S., Aviano (PN), Italy
| | - Shai Izraeli
- Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Giuseppe Basso
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Geertruy Te Kronnie
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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15
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Gupta SD, Sachs Z. Novel single-cell technologies in acute myeloid leukemia research. Transl Res 2017; 189:123-135. [PMID: 28802867 PMCID: PMC6584944 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a lethal malignancy because patients who initially respond to chemotherapy eventually relapse with treatment refractory disease. Relapse is caused by leukemia stem cells (LSCs) that reestablish the disease through self-renewal. Self-renewal is the ability of a stem cell to produce copies of itself and give rise to progeny cells. Therefore, therapeutic strategies eradicating LSCs are essential to prevent relapse and achieve long-term remission in AML. AML is a heterogeneous disease both at phenotypic and genotypic levels, and this heterogeneity extends to LSCs. Classical studies in AML have aimed at characterization of the bulk tumor population, thereby masking cellular heterogeneity. Single-cell approaches provide a novel opportunity to elucidate molecular mechanisms in heterogeneous diseases such as AML. In recent years, major advancements in single-cell measurement systems have revolutionized our understanding of the pathophysiology of AML and enabled the characterization of LSCs. Identifying the molecular mechanisms critical to AML LSCs will aid in the development of targeted therapeutic strategies to combat this deadly disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumyasri Das Gupta
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, Department Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn
| | - Zohar Sachs
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, Department Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn.
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16
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Gur HD, Wang SA, Tang Z, Hu S, Li S, Medeiros LJ, Tang G. Clinical significance of isolated del(7p) in myeloid neoplasms. Leuk Res 2017; 55:18-22. [PMID: 28119224 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2017.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Sole del(7p) is a rare finding in myeloid neoplasms and its clinical significance is largely unknown. Here we report 10 patients with isolated del(7p), 4 had acute myeloid leukemia (AML), 2 myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), 1 chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML), 1 primary myelofibrosis (PMF), and 2 AML in remission. Seven patients had large and 3 had small del(7p) clone. For patients with AML, 3 acquired del(7p) either at disease relapse or disease progression, then became refractory to therapy and died shortly thereafter (median 5 months). Detection of del(7p) in patients with MDS, CMML, or PMF appeared to predict poorer prognosis as all 4 patients experienced disease progression or transformation to AML after 5-24 months. In the remaining 3 patients (1 AML and 2 AML in remission), del(7p) was only detected in 10% to 30% of metaphases and was a transient finding that did not appear to have any clinical impact. We conclude that detection of del(7p) in myeloid neoplasms, when presents as a major clone, often poses a high risk for disease progression and refractoriness to therapy; whereas when del(7p) presents as a small clone, it may not carry any clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Deniz Gur
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sa A Wang
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zhenya Tang
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shimin Hu
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shaoying Li
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - L Jeffrey Medeiros
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Guilin Tang
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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