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Majumder R, Banerjee S, Paul S, Mondal S, Mandal M, Ghosh P, Maity D, Anoop A, Singh NDP, Mandal M. Riboflavin-Induced DNA Damage and Anticancer Activity in Breast Cancer Cells under Visible Light: A TD-DFT and In Vitro Study. J Chem Inf Model 2024; 64:5580-5589. [PMID: 38982947 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.4c01104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Targeted treatments for breast cancer that minimize harm to healthy cells are highly sought after. Our study explores the potentiality of riboflavin as a targeted anticancer compound that can be activated by light irradiation. Here, we integrated time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations and an in vitro study under visible light. The TD-DFT calculations revealed that the electronic charge transferred from the DNA base to riboflavin, with the most significant excitation peak occurring within the visible light range. Guided by these insights, an in vitro study was conducted on the breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231. The results revealed substantial growth inhibition in these cell lines when exposed to riboflavin under visible light, with no such impact observed in the absence of light exposure. Interestingly, riboflavin exhibited no/minimal growth-inhibitory effects on the normal cell line L929, irrespective of light conditions. Moreover, through EtBr displacement (DNA-EtBr) and the TUNEL assay, it has been illustrated that, upon exposure to visible light, riboflavin can intercalate within DNA and induce DNA damage. In conclusion, under visible light conditions, riboflavin emerges as a promising candidate with a selective and effective potent anticancer agent against breast cancer while exerting a minimal influence on regular cellular activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranabir Majumder
- Cancer Biology Lab, School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Shreya Banerjee
- Cancer Biology Lab, School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Sayan Paul
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Saugat Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Madhurima Mandal
- Cancer Biology Lab, School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Priya Ghosh
- Cancer Biology Lab, School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Debjit Maity
- Cancer Biology Lab, School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Anakuthil Anoop
- School of Digital Sciences, Kerala University of Digital Science, Innovation, and Technology, Technopark Phase IV, Pallipuram, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695317, India
| | - N D Pradeep Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Mahitosh Mandal
- Cancer Biology Lab, School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
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2
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Kacar S, Hacioglu C, Kar F. Irradiated riboflavin over nonradiated one: Potent antimigratory, antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects on glioblastoma cells. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18288. [PMID: 38597418 PMCID: PMC11005454 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Riboflavin is a water-soluble yellowish vitamin and is controversial regarding its effect on tumour cells. Riboflavin is a powerful photosensitizer that upon exposure to radiation, undergoes an intersystem conversion with molecular oxygen, leading to the production of ROS. In the current study, we sought to ascertain the impact of irradiated riboflavin on C6 glioblastoma cells regarding proliferation, cell death, oxidative stress and migration. First, we compared the proliferative behaviour of cells following nonradiated and radiated riboflavin. Next, we performed apoptotic assays including Annexin V and caspase 3, 7 and 9 assays. Then we checked on oxidative stress and status by flow cytometry and ELISA kits. Finally, we examined inflammatory change and levels of MMP2 and SIRT1 proteins. We caught a clear antiproliferative and cytotoxic effect of irradiated riboflavin compared to nonradiated one. Therefore, we proceeded with our experiments using radiated riboflavin. In all apoptotic assays, we observed a dose-dependent increase. Additionally, the levels of oxidants were found to increase, while antioxidant levels decreased following riboflavin treatment. In the inflammation analysis, we observed elevated levels of both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Additionally, after treatment, we observed reduced levels of MMP2 and SIRT. In conclusion, radiated riboflavin clearly demonstrates superior antiproliferative and apoptotic effects on C6 cells at lower doses compared to nonradiated riboflavin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedat Kacar
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of MedicineEskisehir Osmangazi UniversityEskisehirTurkey
- Department of Surgery, Division of Oncologic SurgeryIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Ceyhan Hacioglu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of MedicineDuzce UniversityDuzceTurkey
| | - Fatih Kar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of MedicineKutahya Health Sciences UniversityKutahyaTurkey
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3
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Yu L, Liu Z, Xu W, Jin K, Liu J, Zhu X, Zhang Y, Wu Y. Towards overcoming obstacles of type II photodynamic therapy: Endogenous production of light, photosensitizer, and oxygen. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:1111-1131. [PMID: 38486983 PMCID: PMC10935104 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Conventional photodynamic therapy (PDT) approaches face challenges including limited light penetration, low uptake of photosensitizers by tumors, and lack of oxygen in tumor microenvironments. One promising solution is to internally generate light, photosensitizers, and oxygen. This can be accomplished through endogenous production, such as using bioluminescence as an endogenous light source, synthesizing genetically encodable photosensitizers in situ, and modifying cells genetically to express catalase enzymes. Furthermore, these strategies have been reinforced by the recent rapid advancements in synthetic biology. In this review, we summarize and discuss the approaches to overcome PDT obstacles by means of endogenous production of excitation light, photosensitizers, and oxygen. We envision that as synthetic biology advances, genetically engineered cells could act as precise and targeted "living factories" to produce PDT components, leading to enhanced performance of PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200433, China
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Kai Jin
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jinliang Liu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yihan Wu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200433, China
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4
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Wu C, Li Y, Cheng Z, Wang P, Ma Z, Liu K, Cheng Y, Zhou Y, Lin X, Shao X, Yang Y, Li H, Fang L. Cell-penetrating riboflavin conjugate for antitumor photodynamic therapy. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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5
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Lechner VM, Nappi M, Deneny PJ, Folliet S, Chu JCK, Gaunt MJ. Visible-Light-Mediated Modification and Manipulation of Biomacromolecules. Chem Rev 2021; 122:1752-1829. [PMID: 34546740 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chemically modified biomacromolecules-i.e., proteins, nucleic acids, glycans, and lipids-have become crucial tools in chemical biology. They are extensively used not only to elucidate cellular processes but also in industrial applications, particularly in the context of biopharmaceuticals. In order to enable maximum scope for optimization, it is pivotal to have a diverse array of biomacromolecule modification methods at one's disposal. Chemistry has driven many significant advances in this area, and especially recently, numerous novel visible-light-induced photochemical approaches have emerged. In these reactions, light serves as an external source of energy, enabling access to highly reactive intermediates under exceedingly mild conditions and with exquisite spatiotemporal control. While UV-induced transformations on biomacromolecules date back decades, visible light has the unmistakable advantage of being considerably more biocompatible, and a spectrum of visible-light-driven methods is now available, chiefly for proteins and nucleic acids. This review will discuss modifications of native functional groups (FGs), including functionalization, labeling, and cross-linking techniques as well as the utility of oxidative degradation mediated by photochemically generated reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, transformations at non-native, bioorthogonal FGs on biomacromolecules will be addressed, including photoclick chemistry and DNA-encoded library synthesis as well as methods that allow manipulation of the activity of a biomacromolecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian M Lechner
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Manuel Nappi
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick J Deneny
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Folliet
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - John C K Chu
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J Gaunt
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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Koo B, Yoo H, Choi HJ, Kim M, Kim C, Kim KT. Visible Light Photochemical Reactions for Nucleic Acid-Based Technologies. Molecules 2021; 26:556. [PMID: 33494512 PMCID: PMC7865461 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26030556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The expanding scope of chemical reactions applied to nucleic acids has diversified the design of nucleic acid-based technologies that are essential to medicinal chemistry and chemical biology. Among chemical reactions, visible light photochemical reaction is considered a promising tool that can be used for the manipulations of nucleic acids owing to its advantages, such as mild reaction conditions and ease of the reaction process. Of late, inspired by the development of visible light-absorbing molecules and photocatalysts, visible light-driven photochemical reactions have been used to conduct various molecular manipulations, such as the cleavage or ligation of nucleic acids and other molecules as well as the synthesis of functional molecules. In this review, we describe the recent developments (from 2010) in visible light photochemical reactions involving nucleic acids and their applications in the design of nucleic acid-based technologies including DNA photocleaving, DNA photoligation, nucleic acid sensors, the release of functional molecules, and DNA-encoded libraries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Min Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea; (B.K.); (H.Y.); (H.J.C.)
| | - Cheoljae Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea; (B.K.); (H.Y.); (H.J.C.)
| | - Ki Tae Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea; (B.K.); (H.Y.); (H.J.C.)
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7
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Bouchal T, Durník I, Illík V, Réblová K, Kulhánek P. Importance of base-pair opening for mismatch recognition. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:11322-11334. [PMID: 33080020 PMCID: PMC7672436 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mismatch repair is a highly conserved cellular pathway responsible for repairing mismatched dsDNA. Errors are detected by the MutS enzyme, which most likely senses altered mechanical property of damaged dsDNA rather than a specific molecular pattern. While the curved shape of dsDNA in crystallographic MutS/DNA structures suggests the role of DNA bending, the theoretical support is not fully convincing. Here, we present a computational study focused on a base-pair opening into the minor groove, a specific base-pair motion observed upon interaction with MutS. Propensities for the opening were evaluated in terms of two base-pair parameters: Opening and Shear. We tested all possible base pairs in anti/anti, anti/syn and syn/anti orientations and found clear discrimination between mismatches and canonical base-pairs only for the opening into the minor groove. Besides, the discrimination gap was also confirmed in hotspot and coldspot sequences, indicating that the opening could play a more significant role in the mismatch recognition than previously recognized. Our findings can be helpful for a better understanding of sequence-dependent mutability. Further, detailed structural characterization of mismatches can serve for designing anti-cancer drugs targeting mismatched base pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Bouchal
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.,National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ivo Durník
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.,National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Viktor Illík
- National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kamila Réblová
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kulhánek
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.,National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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8
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Rivas Aiello MB, Ghilini F, Martínez Porcel JE, Giovanetti L, Schilardi PL, Mártire DO. Riboflavin-Mediated Photooxidation of Gold Nanoparticles and Its Effect on the Inactivation of Bacteria. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:8272-8281. [PMID: 32569473 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c01473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) of microorganisms, based on the ability of photosensitizers to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) under adequate irradiation, emerges as a promising technique to face the increasing bacterial resistance to conventional antimicrobials. In this work, we analyze the combined action of Riboflavin (Rf) and pectin-coated gold nanoparticles (PecAuNP) on Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) as suitable PDI strategy. We demonstrate that gold ions can be generated upon Rf-photosensitized oxidation of PecAuNP. Transient absorption spectroscopy shows that the Rf cationic radical can accept an electron from the nanoparticles to yield Au(I) ions, which in aqueous medium is disproportionate to yield Au0 and Au(III). Microbiological assays showed that the presence of PecAuNP enhanced the antibacterial activity of photoirradiated Rf toward S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, in line with the well-known antibacterial activity of gold ions. Moreover, the irradiation of Rf solutions containing about 100 μM PecAuNP enabled the solutions to be bactericidal against both bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Belén Rivas Aiello
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, C. C. 16, Suc. 4, (1900) La Plata, Argentina
| | - Fiorela Ghilini
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, C. C. 16, Suc. 4, (1900) La Plata, Argentina
| | - Joaquín E Martínez Porcel
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, C. C. 16, Suc. 4, (1900) La Plata, Argentina
| | - Lisandro Giovanetti
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, C. C. 16, Suc. 4, (1900) La Plata, Argentina
| | - Patricia L Schilardi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, C. C. 16, Suc. 4, (1900) La Plata, Argentina
| | - Daniel O Mártire
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, C. C. 16, Suc. 4, (1900) La Plata, Argentina
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9
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Feng B, Wang K, Yang Y, Wang G, Zhang H, Liu Y, Jiang K. Ultrasensitive recognition of AP sites in DNA at the single-cell level: one molecular rotor sequentially self-regulated to form multiple different stable conformations. Chem Sci 2019; 10:10373-10380. [PMID: 32110326 PMCID: PMC6988597 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc04140k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The AP site is a primary form of DNA damage. Its presence alters the genetic structure and eventually causes malignant diseases. AP sites generally present a high-speed dynamic change in the DNA sequence. Thus, precisely recognizing AP sites is difficult, especially at the single-cell level. To address this issue, we provide a broad-spectrum strategy to design a group of molecular rotors, that is, a series of nonfluorescent 2-(4-vinylbenzylidene)malononitrile derivatives (BMN-Fluors), which constantly display molecular rotation in a free state. Interestingly, after activating the relevant specific-recognition reaction (i.e., hydrolysis reaction of benzylidenemalononitrile) only in the AP-site cavity within a short time (approximately 300 s), each of these molecules can be fixed into this cavity and can sequentially self-regulate to form different stable conformations in accordance with the cavity size. The different stable conformations possess various HOMO-LUMO energy gaps in their excited state. This condition enables the AP site to emit different fluorescence signals at various wavelengths. Given the different self-regulation abilities of the conformations, the series of molecules, BMN-Fluors, can emit different types of signals, including an "OFF-ON" single-channel signal, a "ratio" double-channel signal, and even a precise multichannel signal. Among the BMN-Fluors derivatives, d1-BMN can sequentially self-regulate to form five stable conformations, thereby resulting in the emission of a five-channel signal for different AP sites in situ. Thus, d1-BMN can be used as a probe to ultrasensitively recognize the AP site with precise fluorescent signals at the single-cell level. This design strategy can be generalized to develop additional single-channel to multichannel signal probes to recognize other specific sites in DNA sequences in living organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beidou Feng
- Henan Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions , Ministry of Education , Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions; Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals , Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug Innovation , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , School of Environment , College of Physics and Materials Science , Henan Normal University , Xinxiang 453007 , China .
| | - Kui Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions , Ministry of Education , Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions; Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals , Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug Innovation , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , School of Environment , College of Physics and Materials Science , Henan Normal University , Xinxiang 453007 , China .
| | - Yonggang Yang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions , Ministry of Education , Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions; Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals , Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug Innovation , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , School of Environment , College of Physics and Materials Science , Henan Normal University , Xinxiang 453007 , China .
| | - Ge Wang
- Xinxiang Medical University , Xinxiang 453000 , P. R. China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions , Ministry of Education , Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions; Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals , Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug Innovation , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , School of Environment , College of Physics and Materials Science , Henan Normal University , Xinxiang 453007 , China .
| | - Yufang Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions , Ministry of Education , Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions; Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals , Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug Innovation , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , School of Environment , College of Physics and Materials Science , Henan Normal University , Xinxiang 453007 , China .
| | - Kai Jiang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions , Ministry of Education , Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions; Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals , Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug Innovation , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , School of Environment , College of Physics and Materials Science , Henan Normal University , Xinxiang 453007 , China .
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10
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Feng B, Wang K, Liu J, Mao G, Cui J, Xuan X, Jiang K, Zhang H. Ultrasensitive Apurinic/Apyrimidinic Site-Specific Ratio Fluorescent Rotor for Real-Time Highly Selective Evaluation of mtDNA Oxidative Damage in Living Cells. Anal Chem 2019; 91:13962-13969. [PMID: 31580062 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b03494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The unrepaired apurinic/apyrimidinic site (AP site) in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) promotes misincorporation of nucleotides and further causes serious damage for the living organism. Thus, accurate quantitative detection of AP sites in mtDNA in a rapid, highly sensitive, and highly selective fashion is important for the real-time evaluation of mtDNA oxidative damage. In this study, a targeting mtDNA ultrasensitive AP site-specific fluorescent rotor (BTBM-CN2) was designed by the strategy of molecular conformation torsion adjustment ratio fluorescent signal. The specific recognition reaction is activated when it encountered AP sites in mtDNA within 20 s, and BTBM-CN2 presented a "turn-on" red fluorescence signal at 598 nm. Then, about 100 s later, BTBM-CN2 emitted a new green fluorescence signal at 480 nm, which is mainly due to the activation of the rate-limiting reaction. With increasing numbers of AP sites (1-40 in 1 × 105 bp of mtDNA), the fluorescence emission at 598 nm decreased gradually, and the new emission at 480 nm increased. Intracellular experiments indicated that BTBM-CN2 could detect AP sites in mtDNA in a rapid and quantitative fashion with high selectivity and ultrasensitivity. On the basis of the emergence of the fluorescence signal at 480 nm and its signal strength, the cell whose mtDNA was damaged could be screened by flow cytometry and its degree of damage could be evaluated in real time by comet assay. Hence, the rotor may have potential applications varying from accurate and ultrasensitive detection of AP sites to the real-time evaluation of the oxidative damage in living cells.
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Hirakawa K, Suzuki A, Ouyang D, Okazaki S, Ibuki Y, Nakazaki J, Segawa H. Controlled Photodynamic Action of Axial Fluorinated DiethoxyP(V)tetrakis( p-methoxyphenyl)porphyrin through Self-Aggregation. Chem Res Toxicol 2019; 32:1638-1645. [PMID: 31273983 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
DiethoxyP(V)tetrakis(p-methoxyphenyl)porphyrin (EtP(V)TMPP) and its fluorinated derivative (FEtP(V)TMPP) were synthesized to examine their photodynamic action. These P(V)porphyrins were aggregated in an aqueous solution, resulting in the suppression of their photodynamic activity. In the presence of human serum albumin (HSA), a water-soluble protein, the aggregation states were resolved and formed a binding complex between P(V)porphyrin and HSA. These P(V)porphyrins photosensitized the oxidation of the tryptophan residue of HSA under the irradiation of long-wavelength visible light (>630 nm). This protein photodamage was explained by the electron transfer from tryptophan to the photoexcited state of P(V)porphyrins and singlet oxygen generation. The axial fluorination reduced the redox potential of the one-electron reduction of P(V)porphyrin and increased the electron transfer rate constant. However, this axial fluorination decreased the binding constant with HSA, and the quantum yield of photosensitized HSA damage through electron transfer was decreased. The photocytotoxicity of these P(V)porphyrins to HaCaT cells was also confirmed, and FEtP(V)TMPP demonstrated stronger phototoxicity than EtP(V)TMPP. In summary, a self-aggregation of porphyrin photosensitizers and resolving by targeting biomacromolecules may be used to target selective photodynamic action. The redox potential and an association with a targeting biomolecule are the important factors of the electron transfer-mediated mechanism, which is advantageous under hypoxic tumor conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutaka Hirakawa
- Applied Chemistry and Biochemical Engineering Course, Department of Engineering, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology , Shizuoka University , Johoku 3-5-1 , Naka-ku, Hamamatsu 432-8561 , Japan.,Department of Optoelectronics and Nanostructure Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology , Shizuoka University , Johoku 3-5-1 , Naka-ku, Hamamatsu 432-8561 , Japan
| | - Ayaka Suzuki
- Applied Chemistry and Biochemical Engineering Course, Department of Engineering, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology , Shizuoka University , Johoku 3-5-1 , Naka-ku, Hamamatsu 432-8561 , Japan
| | - Dongyan Ouyang
- Research Center of Integrative Molecular Systems (CIMoS), Institute for Molecular Sciences , National Institutes of Natural Sciences , 38 Nishigo-Naka , Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585 , Japan
| | - Shigetoshi Okazaki
- Department of Medical Spectroscopy Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center , Hamamatsu University School of Medicine , Handayama 1-20-1 , Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192 , Japan
| | - Yuko Ibuki
- Graduate Division of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences , University of Shizuoka , Yada 52-1 , Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526 , Japan
| | - Jotaro Nakazaki
- Department of General Systems Studies, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences , The University of Tokyo , Komaba 3-8-1 , Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902 , Japan
| | - Hiroshi Segawa
- Department of General Systems Studies, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences , The University of Tokyo , Komaba 3-8-1 , Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902 , Japan
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12
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Identification of Flavin Mononucleotide as a Cell‐Active Artificial
N
6
‐Methyladenosine RNA Demethylase. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201900901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Xie LJ, Yang XT, Wang RL, Cheng HP, Li ZY, Liu L, Mao L, Wang M, Cheng L. Identification of Flavin Mononucleotide as a Cell-Active Artificial N 6 -Methyladenosine RNA Demethylase. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:5028-5032. [PMID: 30756480 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201900901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
N6 -Methyladenosine (m6 A) represents a common and highly dynamic modification in eukaryotic RNA that affects various cellular pathways. Natural dioxygenases such as FTO and ALKBH5 are enzymes that demethylate m6 A residues in mRNA. Herein, the first identification of a small-molecule modulator that functions as an artificial m6 A demethylase is reported. Flavin mononucleotide (FMN), the metabolite produced by riboflavin kinase, mediates substantial photochemical demethylation of m6 A residues of RNA in live cells. This study provides a new perspective to the understanding of demethylation of m6 A residues in mRNA and sheds light on the development of powerful small molecules as RNA demethylases and new probes for use in RNA biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jun Xie
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiao-Ti Yang
- BNLMS, CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Rui-Li Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hou-Ping Cheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhi-Yan Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Li Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lanqun Mao
- BNLMS, CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ming Wang
- BNLMS, CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Liang Cheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,Key Lab of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology), Guangzhou, 510640, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Wang X, Wang P, Xue S, Zheng X, Xie Z, Chen G, Sun T. Nanoparticles based on glycyrrhetinic acid modified porphyrin for photodynamic therapy of cancer. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:1591-1597. [PMID: 29445787 DOI: 10.1039/c7ob03108d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles were prepared from amphiphilic glycyrrhetinic acid–porphyrin conjugates (TPP–GA) and applied for the photodynamic therapy of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery
- The First Hospital of Jilin University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
| | - Peisong Wang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery
- The First Hospital of Jilin University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Shuai Xue
- Department of Thyroid Surgery
- The First Hospital of Jilin University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaohua Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Zhigang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Guang Chen
- Department of Thyroid Surgery
- The First Hospital of Jilin University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Tingting Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun
- P. R. China
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