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Sun-Wada GH, Tabata H, Wada Y. Vacuolar-type proton ATPase is required for maintenance of apicobasal polarity of embryonic visceral endoderm. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19355. [PMID: 34588579 PMCID: PMC8481250 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98952-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocytic compartments keep their interior acidic through the inward flow of protons and anions from the cytosol. Acidification is mediated by a proton pump known as vacuolar-type ATPase (V-ATPase) and transporters conferring anion conductance to the organellar membrane. In this study, we analysed the phenotype of mouse embryos lacking the V-ATPase c-subunit. The mutant embryos differentiated embryonic epithelial tissues, primitive endoderm, epiblast, and extraembryonic ectoderm; however, the organisation of these epithelia was severely affected. The apical-basal polarity in the visceral endoderm layer was not properly established in the mutant embryos, resulting in abnormal epithelial morphology. Thus, the function of V-ATPase is imperative for the establishment and/or maintenance of epithelial cell polarity, which is required for early embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge-Hong Sun-Wada
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts, Kohdo, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, 610-0395, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tabata
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts, Kohdo, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, 610-0395, Japan.,Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Himeji Dokkyo University, 7-2-1 Kami-ohno, Himeji, Hyogo, 670-8524, Japan
| | - Yoh Wada
- Division of Biological Sciences, Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Mihogaoka 8-1, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan.
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2
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Palmer DJ, Grove NC, Turner DL, Ng P. Gene Editing with Helper-Dependent Adenovirus Can Efficiently Introduce Multiple Changes Simultaneously over a Large Genomic Region. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2017; 8:101-110. [PMID: 28918012 PMCID: PMC5493818 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Helper-dependent adenoviral vectors (HDAds) possess long homology arms that mediate high-efficiency gene editing. These long homology arms may permit simultaneous introduction of multiple modifications into a large genomic region or may permit a single HDAd to correct many different individual mutations spread widely across a gene. We investigated this important potential using an HDAd bearing 13 genetic markers in the region of homology to the target CFTR locus in human iPSCs and found that all markers can be simultaneously introduced into the target locus, with the two farthest markers being 22.2 kb apart. We found that genetic markers closer to the HDAd’s selectable marker are more efficiency introduced into the target locus; a marker located 208 bp from the selectable marker was introduced with 100% efficiency. However, even markers 11 kb from the selectable marker were introduced at a relatively high frequency of 21.7%. Our study also revealed extensive heteroduplex DNA formation of up to 10 kb with no bias toward vector or chromosomal repair. However, mismatches escape repair at a frequency of up to 15%, leading to a genetically mixed colony and emphasizing the need for caution, especially if the donor and target sequences are not 100% homologous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna J Palmer
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Nathan C Grove
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Dustin L Turner
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Philip Ng
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Fujiwara T, Ohnuma M, Kuroiwa T, Ohbayashi R, Hirooka S, Miyagishima SY. Development of a Double Nuclear Gene-Targeting Method by Two-Step Transformation Based on a Newly Established Chloramphenicol-Selection System in the Red Alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:343. [PMID: 28352279 PMCID: PMC5348525 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The unicellular red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae possesses a simple cellular architecture that consists of one mitochondrion, one chloroplast, one peroxisome, one Golgi apparatus, and several lysosomes. The nuclear genome content is also simple, with very little genetic redundancy (16.5 Mbp, 4,775 genes). In addition, molecular genetic tools such as gene targeting and inducible gene expression systems have been recently developed. These cytological features and genetic tractability have facilitated various omics analyses. However, only a single transformation selection marker URA has been made available and thus the application of genetic modification has been limited. Here, we report the development of a nuclear targeting method by using chloramphenicol and the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene. In addition, we found that at least 200-bp homologous arms are required and 500-bp arms are sufficient for a targeted single-copy insertion of the CAT selection marker into the nuclear genome. By means of a combination of the URA and CAT transformation systems, we succeeded in producing a C. merolae strain that expresses HA-cyclin 1 and FLAG-CDKA from the chromosomal CYC1 and CDKA loci, respectively. These methods of multiple nuclear targeting will facilitate genetic manipulation of C. merolae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Fujiwara
- Department of Cell Genetics, National Institute of GeneticsShizuoka, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, Core Research for Evolutional Science and TechnologySaitama, Japan
- Department of Genetics, Graduate University for Advanced StudiesShizuoka, Japan
| | - Mio Ohnuma
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, Core Research for Evolutional Science and TechnologySaitama, Japan
- National Institute of Technology, Hiroshima CollegeHiroshima, Japan
| | - Tsuneyoshi Kuroiwa
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, Core Research for Evolutional Science and TechnologySaitama, Japan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Japan Women’s UniversityTokyo, Japan
| | - Ryudo Ohbayashi
- Department of Cell Genetics, National Institute of GeneticsShizuoka, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, Core Research for Evolutional Science and TechnologySaitama, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Hirooka
- Department of Cell Genetics, National Institute of GeneticsShizuoka, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, Core Research for Evolutional Science and TechnologySaitama, Japan
| | - Shin-Ya Miyagishima
- Department of Cell Genetics, National Institute of GeneticsShizuoka, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, Core Research for Evolutional Science and TechnologySaitama, Japan
- Department of Genetics, Graduate University for Advanced StudiesShizuoka, Japan
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4
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Kawamura N, Sun-Wada GH, Wada Y. Loss of G2 subunit of vacuolar-type proton transporting ATPase leads to G1 subunit upregulation in the brain. Sci Rep 2015; 5:14027. [PMID: 26353914 PMCID: PMC4564858 DOI: 10.1038/srep14027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Vacuolar-type ATPase (V-ATPase) is a primary proton pump with versatile functions in various tissues. In nerve cells, V-ATPase is required for accumulation of neurotransmitters into secretory vesicles and subsequent release at the synapse. Neurons express a specific isoform (G2) of the G subunit of V-ATPase constituting the catalytic sector of the enzyme complex. Using gene targeting, we generated a mouse lacking functional G2 (G2 null), which showed no apparent disorders in architecture and behavior. In the G2-null mouse brain, a G1 subunit isoform, which is ubiquitously expressed in neuronal and non-neuronal tissues, accumulated more abundantly than in wild-type animals. This G1 upregulation was not accompanied by an increase in mRNA. These results indicate that loss of function of neuron-specific G2 isoform was compensated by an increase in levels of the G1 isoform without apparent upregulation of the G1 mRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Kawamura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts, Kohdo, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0395, Japan
| | - Ge-Hong Sun-Wada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts, Kohdo, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0395, Japan
| | - Yoh Wada
- Division of Biological Sciences, Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Mihogaoka 8-1, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
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Nishizaki Y, Takagi T, Matsui F, Higashi Y. SIP1 expression patterns in brain investigated by generating a SIP1-EGFP reporter knock-in mouse. Genesis 2013; 52:56-67. [PMID: 24243579 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.22726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Revised: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A loss of function of SIP1 (Smad interacting protein 1) in the mouse as well as in human of Mowat-Wilson syndrome results in severe and multiple defects in neural tissue development, especially in the brain. However, no detailed expression analysis of SIP1 during brain development has been previously reported. In this study, we describe the generation of an EGFP knock-in reporter mouse for the Sip1 locus and our subsequent analysis of SIP1-EGFP fusion protein expression during brain development. SIP1-EGFP expression was observed in the pyramidal neurons of the hippocampus, the dentate gyrus, and the postmitotic neurons in the cerebral cortex. In layer 5 of the cerebral cortex, SIP1-EGFP expression was complementary to the Ctip2-expressing neurons, most of which are thought to be the cortico-spinal neurons. This suggested that SIP1-EGFP expressing cells might have the specific trajectory targets other than the spinal region. We further observed SIP1-EGFP expression in oligodendrocytes of the corpus callosum and fimbria, Bergmann glial cells of the cerebellum, the olfactory bulb, and in the serotonergic and dopaminergic neurons of the raphe nuclei in the brainstem. These findings may help to clarify the unknown roles of SIP1 in these cells and the pathoetiology of Mowat-Wilson syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriko Nishizaki
- Department of Perinatology, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center, Kasugai, Aichi, Japan
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Delivery of endosomes to lysosomes via microautophagy in the visceral endoderm of mouse embryos. Nat Commun 2012; 3:1071. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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7
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Kapfhamer D, Taylor S, Zou ME, Lim JP, Kharazia V, Heberlein U. Taok2 controls behavioral response to ethanol in mice. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2012; 12:87-97. [PMID: 22883308 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-183x.2012.00834.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Revised: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Despite recent advances in the understanding of ethanol's biological action, many of the molecular targets of ethanol and mechanisms behind ethanol's effect on behavior remain poorly understood. In an effort to identify novel genes, the products of which regulate behavioral responses to ethanol, we recently identified a mutation in the dtao gene that confers resistance to the locomotor stimulating effect of ethanol in Drosophila. dtao encodes a member of the Ste20 family of serine/threonine kinases implicated in MAP kinase signaling pathways. In this study, we report that conditional ablation of the mouse dtao homolog, Taok2, constitutively and specifically in the nervous system, results in strain-specific and overlapping alterations in ethanol-dependent behaviors. These data suggest a functional conservation of dtao and Taok2 in mediating ethanol's biological action and identify Taok2 as a putative candidate gene for ethanol use disorders in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Kapfhamer
- The Ernest Gallo Clinic and Research Center, University of California at San Francisco, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA.
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Spatial restriction of bone morphogenetic protein signaling in mouse gastrula through the mVam2-dependent endocytic pathway. Dev Cell 2012; 22:1163-75. [PMID: 22698281 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2012.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Revised: 01/27/2012] [Accepted: 05/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The embryonic body plan is established through positive and negative control of various signaling cascades. Late endosomes and lysosomes are thought to terminate signal transduction by compartmentalizing the signaling molecules; however, their roles in embryogenesis remain poorly understood. We showed here that the endocytic pathway participates in the developmental program by regulating the signaling activity. We modified the mouse Vam2 (mVam2) locus encoding a regulator of membrane trafficking. mVam2-deficient cells exhibited abnormally fragmented late endosomal compartments. The mutant cells could terminate signaling after the removal of the growth factors including TGF-β and EGF, except BMP-Smad1/Smad5 signaling. mVam2-deficient embryos exhibited ectopic activation of BMP signaling and disorganization of embryo patterning. We found that mVam2, which interacts with BMP type I receptor, is required for the spatiotemporal modulation of BMP signaling, via sequestration of the receptor complex in the late stages of the endocytic pathway.
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Gui T, Zhang M, Chen J, Zhang Y, Zhou N, Zhang Y, Tao J, Sui L, Li Y, Liu Y, Zhang X, Zhang Y. In vitro evaluation of a mammary gland specific expression vector encoding recombinant human lysozyme for development of transgenic dairy goat embryos. Biotechnol Lett 2012; 34:1445-52. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-012-0930-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Sun-Wada GH, Tabata H, Kawamura N, Aoyama M, Wada Y. Direct recruitment of H+-ATPase from lysosomes for phagosomal acidification. J Cell Sci 2009; 122:2504-13. [PMID: 19549681 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.050443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The nascent phagosome progressively establishes an acidic milieu by acquiring a proton pump, the vacuolar-type ATPase (V-ATPase). However, the origin of phagosomal V-ATPase remains poorly understood. We found that phagosomes were enriched with the V-ATPase a3 subunit, which also accumulated in late endosomes and lysosomes. We modified the mouse Tcirg1 locus encoding subunit a3, to express an a3-GFP fusion protein. Live-cell imaging and immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that nascent phagosomes received the a3-GFP from tubular structures extending from lysosomes located in the perinuclear region. Macrophages from a3-deficient mice exhibited impaired acidification of phagosomes and delayed digestion of bacteria. These results show that lysosomal V-ATPase is recruited directly to the phagosomes via tubular lysosomes to establish the acidic environment hostile to pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge-Hong Sun-Wada
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women's College, Kohdo, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0395, Japan
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11
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Turakainen H, Saarimäki-Vire J, Sinjushina N, Partanen J, Savilahti H. Transposition-based method for the rapid generation of gene-targeting vectors to produce Cre/Flp-modifiable conditional knock-out mice. PLoS One 2009; 4:e4341. [PMID: 19194496 PMCID: PMC2632748 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0004341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2008] [Accepted: 12/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Conditional gene targeting strategies are progressively used to study gene function tissue-specifically and/or at a defined time period. Instrumental to all of these strategies is the generation of targeting vectors, and any methodology that would streamline the procedure would be highly beneficial. We describe a comprehensive transposition-based strategy to produce gene-targeting vectors for the generation of mouse conditional alleles. The system employs a universal cloning vector and two custom-designed mini-Mu transposons. It produces targeting constructions directly from BAC clones, and the alleles generated are modifiable by Cre and Flp recombinases. We demonstrate the applicability of the methodology by modifying two mouse genes, Chd22 and Drapc1. This straightforward strategy should be readily suitable for high-throughput targeting vector production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilkka Turakainen
- Program in Cellular Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Viikki Biocenter, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jonna Saarimäki-Vire
- Program in Developmental Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Viikki Biocenter, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Natalia Sinjushina
- Program in Developmental Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Viikki Biocenter, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juha Partanen
- Program in Developmental Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Viikki Biocenter, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Harri Savilahti
- Program in Cellular Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Viikki Biocenter, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Division of Genetics and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- * E-mail:
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Heberlein U, Tsai LTY, Kapfhamer D, Lasek AW. Drosophila, a genetic model system to study cocaine-related behaviors: a review with focus on LIM-only proteins. Neuropharmacology 2008; 56 Suppl 1:97-106. [PMID: 18694769 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2008.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2008] [Revised: 07/11/2008] [Accepted: 07/17/2008] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, highly accessible to genetic, behavioral and molecular analyses, has been introduced as a novel model organism to help decipher the complex genetic, neurochemical, and neuroanatomical underpinnings of behaviors induced by drugs of abuse. Here we review these data, focusing specifically on cocaine-related behaviors. Several of cocaine's most characteristic properties have been recapitulated in Drosophila. First, cocaine induces motor behaviors in flies that are remarkably similar to those observed in mammals. Second, repeated cocaine administration induces behavioral sensitization a form of behavioral plasticity believed to underlie certain aspects of addiction. Third, a key role for dopaminergic systems in mediating cocaine's effects has been demonstrated through both pharmacological and genetic methods. Finally, and most importantly, unbiased genetic screens, feasible because of the simplicity and scale with which flies can be manipulated in the laboratory, have identified several novel genes and pathways whose role in cocaine behaviors had not been anticipated. Many of these genes and pathways have been validated in mammalian models of drug addiction. We focus in this review on the role of LIM-only proteins in cocaine-induced behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Heberlein
- Department of Anatomy, and Program in Neuroscience, University of California at San Francisco, 1550 4th Street, Rock Hall, Room RH 448F Mission Bay Campus, San Francisco, CA 94143-2324, USA.
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