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Sharma M, Singh V, Sharma R, Koul A, McCarthy ET, Savin VJ, Joshi T, Srivastava T. Glomerular Biomechanical Stress and Lipid Mediators during Cellular Changes Leading to Chronic Kidney Disease. Biomedicines 2022; 10:407. [PMID: 35203616 PMCID: PMC8962328 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperfiltration is an important underlying cause of glomerular dysfunction associated with several systemic and intrinsic glomerular conditions leading to chronic kidney disease (CKD). These include obesity, diabetes, hypertension, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), congenital abnormalities and reduced renal mass (low nephron number). Hyperfiltration-associated biomechanical forces directly impact the cell membrane, generating tensile and fluid flow shear stresses in multiple segments of the nephron. Ongoing research suggests these biomechanical forces as the initial mediators of hyperfiltration-induced deterioration of podocyte structure and function leading to their detachment and irreplaceable loss from the glomerular filtration barrier. Membrane lipid-derived polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and their metabolites are potent transducers of biomechanical stress from the cell surface to intracellular compartments. Omega-6 and ω-3 long-chain PUFA from membrane phospholipids generate many versatile and autacoid oxylipins that modulate pro-inflammatory as well as anti-inflammatory autocrine and paracrine signaling. We advance the idea that lipid signaling molecules, related enzymes, metabolites and receptors are not just mediators of cellular stress but also potential targets for developing novel interventions. With the growing emphasis on lifestyle changes for wellness, dietary fatty acids are potential adjunct-therapeutics to minimize/treat hyperfiltration-induced progressive glomerular damage and CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukut Sharma
- Research and Development Service, Kansas City VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA;
- Midwest Veterans’ Biomedical Research Foundation, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA; (A.K.); (V.J.S.); (T.S.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 66160, USA;
| | - Vikas Singh
- Neurology, Kansas City VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA;
| | - Ram Sharma
- Research and Development Service, Kansas City VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA;
| | - Arnav Koul
- Midwest Veterans’ Biomedical Research Foundation, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA; (A.K.); (V.J.S.); (T.S.)
| | - Ellen T. McCarthy
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 66160, USA;
| | - Virginia J. Savin
- Midwest Veterans’ Biomedical Research Foundation, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA; (A.K.); (V.J.S.); (T.S.)
| | - Trupti Joshi
- Department of Health Management and Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA;
| | - Tarak Srivastava
- Midwest Veterans’ Biomedical Research Foundation, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA; (A.K.); (V.J.S.); (T.S.)
- Section of Nephrology, Children’s Mercy Hospital and University of Missouri, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
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Abstract
Purpose of review This review will critically highlight the role of leukotrienes as mediators of renal diseases and drug nephrotoxicity. It will also discuss the recently identified mechanism of cysteinyl leukotrienes induction and action, and will propose clinical implementation of these findings. Recent findings Since last reviewed in 1994, leukotrienes were shown to mediate drug-associated nephrotoxicity, transplant rejection and morbidity in several models of renal diseases. Although leukotrienes may be released by various infiltrating leukocytes, a recent study demonstrated that cytotoxic agents trigger production of leukotriene C4 (LTC4) in mouse kidney cells by activating a biosynthetic pathway based on microsomal glutathione-S-transferase 2 (MGST2). LTC4 then elicits nuclear accumulation of hydrogen peroxide-generating NADPH oxidase 4, leading to oxidative DNA damage and cell death. LTC4 inhibitors, commonly used as systemic asthma drugs, alleviated drug-associated damage to proximal tubular cells and attenuated mouse morbidity. Summary Cysteinyl leukotrienes released by mast cells trigger the symptoms of asthma, including bronchoconstriction and vasoconstriction. Therefore, effective leukotriene inhibitors were approved as orally administered asthma drugs. The findings that leukotrienes mediate the cytotoxicity of nephrotoxic drugs, and are involved in numerous renal diseases, suggest that such asthma drugs may ameliorate drug-induced nephrotoxicity, as well as some renal diseases.
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The leukotriene B 4-leukotriene B 4 receptor axis promotes cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury by modulating neutrophil recruitment. Kidney Int 2017; 92:89-100. [PMID: 28318626 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2017.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cisplatin is an effective chemotherapeutic agent and widely used in treatment of various solid organ malignancies, including head and neck, ovarian, and testicular cancers. However, the induction of acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of its main side effects. Leukotriene B4 receptor 1 (BLT1) mediates the majority of physiological effects of leukotriene B4 (LTB4), a potent lipid chemoattractant generated at inflammation sites, but the role of the LTB4-BLT1 axis in cisplatin-induced AKI remains unknown. Here we found upregulated LTB4 synthesis and BLT1 expression in the kidney after cisplatin administration. Cisplatin was found to directly upregulate gene expression of leukotriene A4 hydrolase and stimulate LTB4 production in renal tubular epithelial cells. Reduced kidney structural/functional damage, inflammation, and apoptosis were observed in BLT1-/- mice, as well as in wild-type mice treated with the LTA4H inhibitor SC-57461A and the BLT1 antagonist U-75302. Neutrophils were likely the target of this pathway, as BLT1 absence induced a significant decrease in infiltrating neutrophils in the kidney. Adoptive transfer of neutrophils from wild-type mice restored kidney injury in BLT1-/- mice following cisplatin challenge. Thus, the LTB4-BLT1 axis contributes to cisplatin-induced AKI by mediating kidney recruitment of neutrophils, which induce inflammation and apoptosis in the kidney. Hence, the LTB4-BLT1 axis could be a potential therapeutic target in cisplatin-induced AKI.
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Suyama K, Kawasaki Y, Miyazaki K, Kanno S, Ono A, Ohara S, Sato M, Hosoya M. The efficacy of recombinant human soluble thrombomodulin for the treatment of shiga toxin-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome model mice. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2015; 30:969-77. [PMID: 25694534 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfv004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recombinant human soluble thrombomodulin (rhTM) is a promising therapeutic natural anticoagulant that is comparable to antithrombin, tissue factor pathway inhibitor and activated protein C. In order to clarify the efficacy of rhTM for the treatment of typical hemolytic uremic syndrome (t-HUS), we examined changes in renal damage in t-HUS mice treated with rhTM or vehicle alone. METHODS We used severe and moderate t-HUS mice injected with shiga toxin (Stx) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The severe t-HUS mice were divided into two subgroups [an rhTM subgroup (Group A) and a saline subgroup (Group B)] along with the moderate t-HUS mice [an rhTM subgroup (Group C) and a saline subgroup (Group D)]. Groups E and F were healthy mice treated with rhTM or saline, respectively. RESULTS All mice in Group B died at 80-90 h post-administration of Stx2 and LPS whereas all mice in Group A remained alive. Loss of body weight, serum creatinine level, endothelial injury and mesangiolysis scores at 24 h after administration in the t-HUS mice treated with rhTM were lower than those in t-HUS mice treated with saline. The levels of hemoglobin at 6 h and platelet counts at 24 h after administration in Group A were higher than those in Group B. Serum interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β and tumor necrotic factor (TNF)-α levels at 24 h after administration in Group A were lower than those in Group B. Serum C5b-9 levels at 24 h after the administration and serum fibrinogen degradation product (FDP) at 72 h after the administration of Stx2 and LPS were lower in Group A than in Group B. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that rhTM might afford an efficacious treatment for t-HUS model mice via the inhibition of further thrombin formation and amelioration of hypercoagulant status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhide Suyama
- Department of Pediatrics, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima City, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yukihiko Kawasaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima City, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kyohei Miyazaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima City, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Syuto Kanno
- Department of Pediatrics, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima City, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ono
- Department of Pediatrics, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima City, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Ohara
- Department of Pediatrics, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima City, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Masatoki Sato
- Department of Pediatrics, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima City, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Mitsuaki Hosoya
- Department of Pediatrics, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima City, Fukushima, Japan
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Suh J, Yum EK, Cheon HG, Cho YS. Synthesis and biological evaluation of N-aryl-4-aryl-1,3-thiazole-2-amine derivatives as direct 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors. Chem Biol Drug Des 2012; 80:89-98. [PMID: 22404847 DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2012.01371.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Biological evaluation of N-aryl-4-aryl-1,3-thiazole-2-amine derivatives was examined for anti-inflammatory activity in in vitro and in vivo assays. The thiazole compounds showed direct inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase (LOX) that is a key enzyme of leukotrienes synthesis and involved in the inflammation-related diseases, including asthma and rheumatoid arthritis. To optimize biological activity, we synthesized 1,3-thiazole-2-amine derivatives and investigated for structure and activity relationship. Especially, N-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-4-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,3-thiazole-2-amine was shown to have a potent anti-inflammatory activity as a 5-LOX inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeehee Suh
- Center for Metabolic Syndrome Therapeutics, Bio-Organic Science Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, PO Box 107, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-600, Korea
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Ohara S, Kawasaki Y, Abe Y, Watanabe M, Ono A, Suyama K, Hashimoto K, Honda T, Suzuki J, Hosoya M. Role of vascular endothelial growth factor and angiopoietin 1 in renal injury in hemolytic uremic syndrome. Am J Nephrol 2012; 36:516-23. [PMID: 23171542 DOI: 10.1159/000345142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The recovery process from renal injury in hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) remains obscure. In order to clarify the role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiopoietin 1 (Ang-1) in the renal recovery from HUS, we produced a model of mild HUS and examined the renal recovery process. METHODS We investigated three groups of mice. Group 1 consisted of mice that received an injection of Shiga toxin 2 (Stx2) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS); group 2 consisted of mice that received an injection of low dose of Stx2 and LPS, and group 3 consisted of control mice. RESULTS Serum Cr levels in group 1 were greater than those in group 2, and all mice in group 1 died, whereas all mice in group 2 remained alive. Endothelial injury at 24 h in group 1 was higher than in group 2. Electron-microscopic findings demonstrated that the endothelial cells formed immature capillary-like lumina from 7 to 28 days with increases in the expression of CD31-positive cells. Glomerular VEGF expression decreased at 72 h in group 1, but gradually increased in group 2. Glomerular Ang-1 expression peaked from 72 h to 28 days. Ang-1 expression was frequently found in the endothelial cell region of vesicle walls simultaneous with increased CD31-positive staining. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that VEGF and Ang-1 play important roles in the recovery process, particularly in the regeneration of endothelial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichiro Ohara
- Department of Pediatrics, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
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Doi K, Hamasaki Y, Noiri E, Nosaka K, Suzuki T, Toda A, Shimizu T, Fujita T, Nakao A. Role of leukotriene B4 in accelerated hyperlipidaemic renal injury. Nephrology (Carlton) 2011; 16:304-9. [PMID: 21342324 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1797.2010.01387.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM Glomerular infiltration of macrophages is a characteristic alteration of renal pathology in hyperlipidaemic renal injury. Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) is a bioactive eicosanoid and macrophage and has two key enzymes for LTB4 synthesis, 5-lipoxygenase and leukotriene A4 (LTA4) hydrolase. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of LTB4 in accelerated hyperlipidaemic renal injury. METHODS To induce accelerated hyperlipidaemic renal injury, 8 week old male spontaneously hypercholesterolaemic (SHC) rats were fed with a high cholesterol diet for 6 weeks. LTA4 hydrolase activities in the kidney and urine LTB4 levels were examined. The effects of LTB4 antagonist (ONO-4057) were also evaluated. RESULTS Urinary protein and LTB4 excretion was increased by a high cholesterol diet for 6 weeks. The scores of glomerular foam cell accumulation and sclerosis, numbers of infiltrated macrophages in glomeruli and interstitial area, LTA4 hydrolase activity in renal cortex were higher in the high cholesterol diet group than the normal diet group. LTB4 antagonist treatment reduced urinary protein and LTA4 activity and attenuated renal pathological changes. CONCLUSION These results suggest that LTB4 directly contributes to accelerated hyperlipidaemic renal injury and the therapeutic potential of LTB4 antagonist for renal damage induced by hyperlipidaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kent Doi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Tokyo Toshiba General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
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Saiwai H, Ohkawa Y, Yamada H, Kumamaru H, Harada A, Okano H, Yokomizo T, Iwamoto Y, Okada S. The LTB4-BLT1 axis mediates neutrophil infiltration and secondary injury in experimental spinal cord injury. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2010; 176:2352-66. [PMID: 20304963 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2010.090839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic injury in the central nervous system induces inflammation; however, the role of this inflammation is controversial. Precise analysis of the inflammatory cells is important to gain a better understanding of the inflammatory machinery in response to neural injury. Here, we demonstrated that leukotriene B4 plays a significant role in mediating leukocyte infiltration after spinal cord injury. Using flow cytometry, we revealed that neutrophil and monocyte/macrophage infiltration peaked 12 hours after injury and was significantly suppressed in leukotriene B4 receptor 1 knockout mice. Similar findings were observed in mice treated with a leukotriene B4 receptor antagonist. Further, by isolating each inflammatory cell subset with a cell sorter, and performing quantitative reverse transcription-PCR, we demonstrated the individual contributions of more highly expressed subsets, ie, interleukins 6 and 1beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and FasL, to the inflammatory reaction and neural apoptosis. Inhibition of leukotriene B4 suppressed leukocyte infiltration after injury, thereby attenuating the inflammatory reaction, sparing the white matter, and reducing neural apoptosis, as well as inducing better functional recovery. These findings are the first to demonstrate that leukotriene B4 is involved in the pathogenesis of spinal cord injury through the amplification of leukocyte infiltration, and provide a potential therapeutic strategy for traumatic spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Saiwai
- Department of Research Superstar Program Stem Cell Unit, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Kawasaki Y, Suyama K, Matsumoto A, Takano K, Hashimoto K, Suzuki S, Suzuki J, Suzuki H, Hosoya M. Efficacy of tonsillectomy plus methylprednisolone pulse therapy for a child with Henoch-Schoenlein purpura nephritis. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2007; 211:291-5. [PMID: 17347555 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.211.291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Henoch-Schoenlein purpura (HSP) is a systemic disorder characterized by a leukocytoplastic vasculitis involving small vessels with the deposition of immunoglobulin A (IgA) immune complexes. Renal involvement is the principal cause of morbidity and mortality in children with HSP. We report here an 11-year-old boy with Henoch-Schoenlein purpura nephritis (HSPN) accompanied by recurrent purpura and persistent nephropathy despite conventional therapy such as prednisolone, methylprednisolone pulse therapy and immunosuppressive agent (Mizoribine). The patient was treated with tonsillectomy plus methylprednisolone pulse therapy. This treatment decreased proteinuria, induced disappearance of microscopic hematuria, and improved renal pathological findings. Tonsillectomy plus methylprednisolone pulse is effective and useful therapy for some children with recurrent purpura and persistent nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihiko Kawasaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Japan.
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