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Raina R, Doshi K, Sethi S, Pember B, Kumar R, Alhasan KA, Boshkos MC, Tibrewal A, Bedoyan JK. Kidney Replacement Therapy and Mortality in Children With Inborn Errors of Metabolism: A Meta-analysis. Kidney Med 2024; 6:100751. [PMID: 38259726 PMCID: PMC10801204 DOI: 10.1016/j.xkme.2023.100751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rupesh Raina
- Akron Nephrology Associates/Cleveland Clinic Akron General Medical Center, Akron, OH
- Department of Nephrology, Akron Children’s Hospital, Akron, OH
| | - Kush Doshi
- Akron Nephrology Associates/Cleveland Clinic Akron General Medical Center, Akron, OH
| | - Sidharth Sethi
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Kidney Institute, Medanta, The Medicity, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Bryce Pember
- Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH
| | | | - Khalid A. Alhasan
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine & King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Abhishek Tibrewal
- Akron Nephrology Associates/Cleveland Clinic Akron General Medical Center, Akron, OH
| | - Jirair K. Bedoyan
- Division of Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
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Ramírez-Guerrero G, Husain-Syed F, Ponce D, Torres-Cifuentes V, Ronco C. Peritoneal dialysis and acute kidney injury in acute brain injury patients. Semin Dial 2023; 36:448-453. [PMID: 36913952 DOI: 10.1111/sdi.13151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a heterogeneous syndrome with multiple etiologies. It occurs frequently in the neurocritical intensive care unit and is associated with greater morbidity and mortality. In this scenario, AKI alters the kidney-brain axis, exposing patients who receive habitual dialytic management to greater injury. Various therapies have been designed to mitigate this risk. Priority has been placed by KDIGO guidelines on the use of continuous over intermittent acute kidney replacement therapies (AKRT). On this background, continuous therapies have a pathophysiological rationale in patients with acute brain injury. A low-efficiency therapy such as PD and CRRT could achieve optimal clearance control and potentially reduce the risk of secondary brain injury. Therefore, this work will review the evidence on peritoneal dialysis as a continuous AKRT in neurocritical patients, describing its benefits and risks so it may be considered as an option when deciding among available therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Ramírez-Guerrero
- Critical Care Unit, Carlos Van Buren Hospital, Valparaíso, Chile
- Dialysis and Renal Transplant Unit, Carlos Van Buren Hospital, Valparaíso, Chile
- Department of Medicine, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Faeq Husain-Syed
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Daniela Ponce
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Botucatu School of Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vicente Torres-Cifuentes
- Critical Care Unit, Carlos Van Buren Hospital, Valparaíso, Chile
- Dialysis and Renal Transplant Unit, Carlos Van Buren Hospital, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Claudio Ronco
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Kidney Transplantation, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy
- International Renal Research Institute of Vicenza, Vicenza, Italy
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Battista J, De Luca D, Eleni Dit Trolli S, Allard L, Bacchetta J, Bouhamri N, Enoch C, Faudeux C, Guichoux J, Javouhey E, Kolev K, Regiroli G, Ranchin B, Bernardor J. CARPEDIEM® for continuous kidney replacement therapy in neonates and small infants: a French multicenter retrospective study. Pediatr Nephrol 2023; 38:2827-2837. [PMID: 36625933 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-022-05871-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Cardio-Renal Pediatric Dialysis Emergency Machine (CA.R.P.E.D.I.E.M.®) device is a continuous kidney replacement therapy (CKRT) equipment dedicated to neonates and small infants. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness, feasibility, outcomes, and technical considerations relating to CARPEDIEM® use. METHODS This retrospective multicenter study included 19 newborns and six infants receiving CARPEDIEM® in five French pediatric and neonatal intensive care units. Laboratory parameters were collected at the initiation and end of the first CARPEDIEM® session. Results are presented as median [IQR] (range). RESULTS At initiation, age was 4 days [2-13] (1-1134) with a body weight of 3.3 kg [2.5-4] (1.3-11.1). Overall, 131 sessions and 2125 h of treatment were performed. Treatment duration per patient was 42 h [24-91] (8-557). Continuous veno-venous hemofiltration (CVVH) was performed in 20 children. Blood flow rate was 8 mL/kg/min [6-9] (3-16). The effluent flow rate for CVVH was 74 mL/kg/h [43-99] (28-125) and net ultrafiltration (UF) 6 mL/kg/h [2-8] (1-12). In the five children treated by hemodialysis, the blood and dialysate flow rates were 6 mL/kg/min [5-7] (4-7) and 600 mL/h [300-600] (120-600), respectively, while session duration was 8 h [6-12] (2-24). Most infants required a catheter between 4.5 and 6.5 French. Hemodynamic instability with a need for volume replacement occurred in 31 sessions (23%). Thrombocytopenia was observed in 29 sessions (22%). No hemorrhage occurred; all the patients survived the sessions, but only eight patients (32%) were alive at hospital discharge. CONCLUSIONS These data confirm that the use of CARPEDIEM® is safe and effective in critically ill neonates and infants. A higher resolution version of the Graphical abstract is available as Supplementary information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Battista
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Archet 2, CHU de Nice, Hôpital Archet, 151 Route Saint-Antoine de Ginestière, 06200, Nice, France
| | - Daniele De Luca
- Division of Pediatrics and Neonatal Critical Care, "A. Béclère" Medical Centre, Paris Saclay University Hospitals, APHP, and the Physiopathology and Therapeutic Innovation Unit-INSERM U999, Paris Saclay University, Paris, France
| | - Sergio Eleni Dit Trolli
- Department of Intensive Care and Neonatal Medecine, CHU de Nice, Hôpital Archet, Nice, France
| | - Lise Allard
- Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Reference Center for Rare Renal Diseases, SORARE, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Justine Bacchetta
- Reference Center for Rare Renal Diseases, Pediatric Nephrology-Rheumatology-Dermatology Unit and INSERM 1033 Unit, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Femme Mere Enfant Hospital, Lyon 1 University, Bron, France
| | - Nourredine Bouhamri
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Hôpital Louis Pradel, Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France
| | - Carole Enoch
- Pediatric Nephrology, Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Southwest Renal Rare Diseases Centre (SORARE), University Children's Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Camille Faudeux
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Archet 2, CHU de Nice, Hôpital Archet, 151 Route Saint-Antoine de Ginestière, 06200, Nice, France
| | - Julie Guichoux
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Etienne Javouhey
- Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Mother and Children University Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Karine Kolev
- Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Mother and Children University Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Giulia Regiroli
- Division of Pediatrics and Neonatal Critical Care, "A. Béclère" Medical Centre, Paris Saclay University Hospitals, APHP, and the Physiopathology and Therapeutic Innovation Unit-INSERM U999, Paris Saclay University, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Ranchin
- Reference Center for Rare Renal Diseases, Pediatric Nephrology-Rheumatology-Dermatology Unit and INSERM 1033 Unit, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Femme Mere Enfant Hospital, Lyon 1 University, Bron, France
| | - Julie Bernardor
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Archet 2, CHU de Nice, Hôpital Archet, 151 Route Saint-Antoine de Ginestière, 06200, Nice, France.
- Reference Center for Rare Renal Diseases, Pediatric Nephrology-Rheumatology-Dermatology Unit and INSERM 1033 Unit, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Femme Mere Enfant Hospital, Lyon 1 University, Bron, France.
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Blanchette E, Pahlavan S, Yoeli D, Brigham D, Sater A, Wachs M, Bock M, Adams M. Successful use of intra-operative continuous renal replacement therapy in pediatric liver transplant recipients: Single center case series. Pediatr Transplant 2022; 26:e14377. [PMID: 35959784 DOI: 10.1111/petr.14377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common in pediatric patients undergoing liver transplantation (LT), with an incidence 17%-55%. Fluid, metabolic, and acid-base aberrancies are often pronounced pre-operatively and further worsened by events during LT, making intra-operative continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) an option for critically ill LT recipients. METHODS All pediatric LT performed at our institution who underwent intra-operative CRRT between January 2017 and August 2021 were included. Patient demographics and clinical data including graft outcomes, intra-operative findings, and timing and indications for CRRT were collected from the electronic medical record. RESULTS CRRT was used in nine of the 76 (12%) pediatric LT performed at our center during the study period. Ages at LT ranged from 39 to 17.7 years. Recipients requiring CRRT were more likely to have acute liver failure, status 1A, and higher calculated MELD/PELD scores. CRRT was initiated pre-transplant in three recipients and continued post-transplant in six recipients. Median duration of CRRT was two (range 0-14) days. Indications included hyperammonemia (3/9), acidosis (3/9), fluid overload (6/9), and hyperkalemia (2/9). The CRRT group had a significantly longer post-transplant intensive care unit length of stay in comparison to those that did not require CRRT (median 6, range 3-40 days vs. median 3, range 0-121 days, p = .02], but there were no significant differences in reoperations, hospital length of stay, or recipient or graft survival. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that CRRT can be safely performed in pediatric LT recipients, including young infants through adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliza Blanchette
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Sheila Pahlavan
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Dor Yoeli
- Colorado Center for Transplantation Care, Research and Education (CCTCARE), Department of Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,Division of Abdominal Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Dania Brigham
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Digestive Health Institute, Department of Pediatric Medicine, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Anna Sater
- Colorado Center for Transplantation Care, Research and Education (CCTCARE), Department of Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Michael Wachs
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,Colorado Center for Transplantation Care, Research and Education (CCTCARE), Department of Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Margret Bock
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Megan Adams
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,Colorado Center for Transplantation Care, Research and Education (CCTCARE), Department of Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Acute hemodialysis therapy in neonates with inborn errors of metabolism. Pediatr Nephrol 2022; 37:2725-2732. [PMID: 35239033 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-022-05507-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inborn errors of metabolism (IEM), including organic acidemias and urea cycle defects, are characterized by systemic accumulation of toxic metabolites with deleterious effect on the developing brain. While hemodialysis (HD) is most efficient in clearing IEM-induced metabolic toxins, data regarding its use during the neonatal period is scarce. METHODS We retrospectively summarize our experience with HD in 20 neonates with IEM-induced metabolic intoxication (seven with maple syrup urine disease, 13 with primary hyperammonia), over a 16-year period, between 2004 and 2020. All patients presented with IEM-induced neurologic deterioration at 48 h to 14 days post-delivery, and were managed with HD in a pediatric intensive care setting. HD was performed through an internal jugular acute double-lumen catheter (6.5-7.0 French), using an AK-200S (Gambro, Sweden) dialysis machine and tubing, with F3 or FXpaed (Fresenius, Germany) dialyzers. RESULTS Median (interquartile range) age and weight at presentation were 5 (3-8) days and 2830 (2725-3115) g, respectively. Two consecutive HD sessions decreased the mean leucine levels from 2281 ± 631 to 179 ± 91 μmol/L (92.1% reduction) in MSUD patients, and the mean ammonia levels from 955 ± 444 to 129 ± 55 μmol/L (86.5% reduction), in patients with hyperammonemia. HD was uneventful in all patients, and led to marked clinical improvement in 17 patients (85%). Three patients (15%) died during the neonatal period, and four died during long-term follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our results indicate that HD is safe, effective, and life-saving for most neonates with severe IEM-induced metabolic intoxication, when promptly performed by an experienced and multidisciplinary team. A higher resolution version of the Graphical abstract is available as Supplementary information.
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Deger I, Çelik M, Taş I, Samancı S. Continuous Veno-Venous Hemodiafiltration in Neonates with Maple Syrup Urine Disease. Ther Apher Dial 2022; 26:658-666. [PMID: 35166449 DOI: 10.1111/1744-9987.13816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Herein, we aimed to discuss our experience in 16 newborn patients with Maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) who were treated with urgent renal replacement therapy (RRT). METHODS The patients underwent continuous veno-venous hemodiafiltration (CVVHDF) or peritoneal dialysis (PD) as renal replacement therapy. RESULTS Eleven (68.75%) patients underwent CVVHDF and five (31.25%) underwent peritoneal dialysis. The median leucine reduction rate per hour was 2.56%(1.75-7.6) in the CVVHDF group, 0.78%(0.54-1.83) in the PD group, and was significantly higher in the CVVHDF group (p = 0.001). Post-treatment plasma leucine levels were found to be 198 (20-721) μmol/L in the CVVHDF group and 600 (250-967) μmol/L in the PD group, and CVVHDF was found to be significantly lower (p = 0.08). Complications such as hypotension, electrolyte imbalance, and filter obstruction occurred in the CVVHDF group. CONCLUSION This study showed that CVVHDF is more effective than PD for rapidly eliminating elevated leucine levels caused by MSUD in the newborn and it is not associated with increased complication rates. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Deger
- Dicle University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatric, Division of Neonatology, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Muhittin Çelik
- Gaziantep University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatric, Division of Neonatology, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Taş
- University of Health Sciences, Zeynep Kamil Women and Children Diseases Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serhat Samancı
- Diyarbakır Children Hospital, Department of Pediatric, Diyarbakir, Turkey
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Ribas GS, Lopes FF, Deon M, Vargas CR. Hyperammonemia in Inherited Metabolic Diseases. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2021; 42:2593-2610. [PMID: 34665389 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-021-01156-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ammonia is a neurotoxic compound which is detoxified through liver enzymes from urea cycle. Several inherited or acquired conditions can elevate ammonia concentrations in blood, causing severe damage to the central nervous system due to the toxic effects exerted by ammonia on the astrocytes. Therefore, hyperammonemic patients present potentially life-threatening neuropsychiatric symptoms, whose severity is related with the hyperammonemia magnitude and duration, as well as the brain maturation stage. Inherited metabolic diseases caused by enzymatic defects that compromise directly or indirectly the urea cycle activity are the main cause of hyperammonemia in the neonatal period. These diseases are mainly represented by the congenital defects of urea cycle, classical organic acidurias, and the defects of mitochondrial fatty acids oxidation, with hyperammonemia being more severe and frequent in the first two groups mentioned. An effective and rapid treatment of hyperammonemia is crucial to prevent irreversible neurological damage and it depends on the understanding of the pathophysiology of the diseases, as well as of the available therapeutic approaches. In this review, the mechanisms underlying the hyperammonemia and neurological dysfunction in urea cycle disorders, organic acidurias, and fatty acids oxidation defects, as well as the therapeutic strategies for the ammonia control will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziela Schmitt Ribas
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. .,Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clíınicas de Porto Alegre, Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90035-003, Brazil.
| | - Franciele Fátima Lopes
- Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clíınicas de Porto Alegre, Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Marion Deon
- Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clíınicas de Porto Alegre, Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Carmen Regla Vargas
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. .,Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clíınicas de Porto Alegre, Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90035-003, Brazil.
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Inborn Errors of Metabolism-Approach to Diagnosis and Management in Neonates. Indian J Pediatr 2021; 88:679-689. [PMID: 34097229 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-021-03759-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Inborn errors of metabolism (IEM), otherwise known as inherited metabolic disorders (IMD), are individually rare, but collectively common. IEM pose a challenge to diagnosis, as neonates present with nonspecific signs. A high index of suspicion is essential. Knowledge on clinical presentation may be life saving, especially for conditions that are treatable. It is important for the first-line physicians not to miss treatable disorders. Simplified classification and algorithmic approach help in the clinical setting. This article describes the classification of IEM into three groups, namely group 1 - intoxication disorders, group 2 - energy defects, and group 3 - storage disorders. Clinical presentations of IEM in the neonatal period, a quick guide to the diagnosis with the help of baseline investigations (glucose, arterial blood gas, lactate, ammonia, and ketone abbreviated as GALAK), a tabulated guide to the diagnosis with the help of tandem mass spectrometry (TMS), and gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GCMS) are summarized in this article. Four principles of therapy that include substrate reduction, provision of deficient metabolites, disposal of toxic metabolites, and increase in enzyme activity are elaborated with particular stress to the diet management. In addition, a list of medications used in the treatment of different disorders classified according to Society for the Study of IEM (SSIEM) is presented.
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Continuous Venovenous Hemodiafilteration for Extremely High Ammonia Levels in Methyl Malonic Acidemia. Indian J Pediatr 2021; 88:272-273. [PMID: 32468386 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-020-03344-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Ranchin B, Plaisant F, Demède D, Guillebon J, Javouhey E, Bacchetta J. Review: Neonatal dialysis is technically feasible but ethical and global issues need to be addressed. Acta Paediatr 2021; 110:781-788. [PMID: 33373057 DOI: 10.1111/apa.15539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM Our aim was to look at the technical, ethical and global issues related to neonatal dialysis. METHODS We performed a PubMed research on manuscripts published from March 2010 to March 2020 and retrospectively reviewed all neonates who received dialysis in our French paediatric and neonatal intensive care units from April 2009 to March 2019. RESULTS Dialysis is performed on neonates with pre-existing renal diseases, acute kidney injuries or inborn errors of metabolism. It is required in 0.5%-1% of neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care units. Peritoneal dialysis and extracorporeal blood purification are both feasible, with more complications, but the results are close to those obtained in older infants, at least in children without multi-organ dysfunction. Novel haemodialysis machines are being evaluated. Ethical issues are a major concern. Multidisciplinary teams should consider associated comorbidities, risks of permanent end-stage renal disease and provide parents with full and neutral information. These should drive decisions about whether dialysis is in child's best interests. CONCLUSION Neonatal dialysis is technically feasible, but ethically challenging, and short-term and long-term data remain limited. Prospective studies and dialysis registries would improve global management and quality of life of these patients at risk of chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Ranchin
- Centre de Référence des Maladies Rénales Rares Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant Hospices Civils de Lyon Bron France
| | - Franck Plaisant
- Service de Néonatologie et réanimation néonatale Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant Hospices Civils de Lyon Bron France
| | - Delphine Demède
- Service de Chirurgie Pédiatrique Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant Hospices Civils de Lyon Bron France
| | - Jean‐Marie Guillebon
- Centre de Référence des Maladies Rénales Rares Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant Hospices Civils de Lyon Bron France
| | - Etienne Javouhey
- Service de Réanimation pédiatrique Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant Hospices Civils de Lyon Bron France
- Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est Université de Lyon Lyon France
| | - Justine Bacchetta
- Centre de Référence des Maladies Rénales Rares Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant Hospices Civils de Lyon Bron France
- Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est Université de Lyon Lyon France
- INSERM UMR 1033 Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est Université de Lyon Lyon France
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Naorungroj T, Yanase F, Eastwood GM, Baldwin I, Bellomo R. Extracorporeal Ammonia Clearance for Hyperammonemia in Critically Ill Patients: A Scoping Review. Blood Purif 2020; 50:453-461. [PMID: 33279903 DOI: 10.1159/000512100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hyperammonemia is a life-threatening condition. However, clearance of ammonia via extracorporeal treatment has not been systematically evaluated. METHODS We searched EMBASE and MEDLINE databases. We included all publications reporting ammonia clearance by extracorporeal treatment in adult and pediatric patients with clearance estimated by direct dialysate ammonia measurement or calculated by formula. Two reviewers screened and extracted data independently. RESULTS We found 1,770 articles with 312 appropriate for assessment and 28 studies meeting eligibility criteria. Most of the studies were case reports. Hyperammonemia was typically secondary to inborn errors of metabolisms in children and to liver failure in adult patients. Ammonia clearance was most commonly reported during continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) and appeared to vary markedly from <5 mL/min/m2 to >250 mL/min/m2. When measured during intermittent hemodialysis (IHD), clearance was highest and correlated with blood flow rate (R2 = 0.853; p < 0.001). When measured during CRRT, ammonia clearance could be substantial and correlated with effluent flow rate (EFR; R2 = 0.584; p < 0.001). Neither correlated with ammonia reduction. Peritoneal dialysis (PD) achieved minimal clearance, and other extracorporeal techniques were rarely studied. CONCLUSIONS Extracorporeal ammonia clearance varies widely with sometimes implausible values. Treatment modality, blood flow, and EFR, however, appear to affect such clearance with IHD achieving the highest values, PD achieving minimal values, and CRRT achieving substantial values especially at high EFRs. The role of other techniques remains unclear. These findings can help inform practice and future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thummaporn Naorungroj
- Department of Intensive Care, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Fumitaka Yanase
- Department of Intensive Care, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Monash University School and Public Health and Preventive Medicine, ANZICS-RC, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Glenn M Eastwood
- Department of Intensive Care, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ian Baldwin
- Department of Intensive Care, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rinaldo Bellomo
- Department of Intensive Care, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, .,Centre for Integrated Critical Care, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, .,Data Analytics Research and Evaluation (DARE) Centre, The University of Melbourne and Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia,
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Management of 35 critically ill hyperammonemic neonates: Role of early administration of metabolite scavengers and continuous hemodialysis. Arch Pediatr 2020; 27:250-256. [PMID: 32418642 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Neurological involvement is frequent in inherited metabolic disease of the intoxication type. Hyperammonemic coma related to these diseases may cause severe neurological sequelae. Early optimal treatment is mandatory combining metabolite scavengers (MS) and sometimes continuous veno-venous hemodialysis (CVVHD). We aimed to describe the therapeutic management of hyperammonemia in neonates upon diagnosis of their metabolic disease and to compare neonates managed with MS alone or with both MS and CVVHD. We conducted a retrospective study including all neonates admitted for initial hyperammonemia to the pediatric intensive care unit of a Reference Center of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, between 2001 and 2012. The study included 35 neonates. Before admission, MS were initiated for 11 neonates. At admission, the median ammonia levels were 391 μmol/L and were significantly lower in neonates who received MS before admission. At admission, ammonia levels were 644 μmol/L in dialyzed and 283 μmol/L in non-dialyzed neonates. The median time to reach a 50% decrease of the initial ammonia levels was significantly shorter in dialyzed neonates; however, the normalization of ammonia levels was similar between dialyzed and non-dialyzed neonates. Hemodynamic disorders were more frequent in dialyzed neonates. CONCLUSION: MS represent an effective treatment for hyperammonemia and should be available in all pediatric units to avoid the need for CVVHD. Although CVVHD enhances the kinetics of toxic metabolite decrease, it is associated with adverse hemodynamic effects.
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Consensus guidelines for management of hyperammonaemia in paediatric patients receiving continuous kidney replacement therapy. Nat Rev Nephrol 2020; 16:471-482. [PMID: 32269302 PMCID: PMC7366888 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-020-0267-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Hyperammonaemia in children can lead to grave consequences in the form of cerebral oedema, severe neurological impairment and even death. In infants and children, common causes of hyperammonaemia include urea cycle disorders or organic acidaemias. Few studies have assessed the role of extracorporeal therapies in the management of hyperammonaemia in neonates and children. Moreover, consensus guidelines are lacking for the use of non-kidney replacement therapy (NKRT) and kidney replacement therapies (KRTs, including peritoneal dialysis, continuous KRT, haemodialysis and hybrid therapy) to manage hyperammonaemia in neonates and children. Prompt treatment with KRT and/or NKRT, the choice of which depends on the ammonia concentrations and presenting symptoms of the patient, is crucial. This expert Consensus Statement presents recommendations for the management of hyperammonaemia requiring KRT in paediatric populations. Additional studies are required to strengthen these recommendations. This expert Consensus Statement from the Pediatric Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (PCRRT) workgroup presents recommendations for the management of hyperammonaemia requiring kidney replacement therapy in paediatric populations. Additional studies are needed to strengthen these recommendations, which will be reviewed every 2 years.
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Akduman H, Okulu E, Eminoğlu FT, Kendirli T, Tunç G, Azapağası E, Perk O, Erdeve Ö, Atasay B, Arsan S. Continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration in the treatment of newborns with an inborn metabolic disease: a single center experience. Turk J Med Sci 2020; 50:12-17. [PMID: 31014046 PMCID: PMC7080361 DOI: 10.3906/sag-1811-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/aim Most inborn metabolic diseases are diagnosed during the neonatal period. The accumulation of toxic metabolites may cause acute metabolic crisis with long-term neurological dysfunction and death. Renal replacement therapy (RRT) modalities allow the efficient removal of toxic metabolites. In this study, we reviewed our experience with continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration (CVVHDF) as RRT for newborns with an inborn metabolic disease. Materials and methods Patients diagnosed with an inborn metabolic disease and who received CVVHDF treatment at our neonatal intensive care unit between January 2014 and December 2017 were included in this study. Their demographic and clinical data were collected, and the efficacy and safety of CVVHDF was evaluated. Results A total of nine continuous RRT (CRRT) sessions as CVVHDF were performed in eight newborns with a diagnosis of urea cycle defect (n = 5), maple syrup urine disease (n = 2), or methylmalonic acidemia (n = 1). The mean age at admission was 10 ± 8.6 days (range: 3–28 days). The mean plasma levels of ammonium were 1120 ± 512.6 mg/dL and 227.5 ± 141.6 mg/dL before and at the end of the treatment, respectively. Plasma levels of leucine were 2053.5 ± 1282 µmol/L and 473.5 ± 7.8 µmol/L before and at the end of the treatment, respectively. The CVVHDF duration was 32.3 ± 11.1 h (median: 37 h; range: 16–44 h), and the mean length of hospitalization was 14.6 ± 12.9 days. The mean duration of CVVHDF was 32.3 ± 11.1 h (range: 16–44 h). Circuit clotting was the most common observed complication (37.5%) and the survival rate was 50%. Among surviving patients, two developed severe and two developed mild mental and motor retardation. Conclusion CVVHDF is a CRRT modality that can be used to treat newborns with an inborn metabolic disease. Early diagnosis, commencement of specific medical therapy, diet, and extracorporeal support, if needed, are likely to result in improved short and long-term outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Akduman
- Department of Neonatology, University of Health Sciences, Dr. Sami Ulus Maternity and Children Research and Training Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Emel Okulu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fatma Tuba Eminoğlu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Metabolic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tanıl Kendirli
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gaffari Tunç
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ebru Azapağası
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Oktay Perk
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ömer Erdeve
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Begüm Atasay
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Saadet Arsan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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Haijes HA, van Hasselt PM, Jans JJM, Verhoeven-Duif NM. Pathophysiology of propionic and methylmalonic acidemias. Part 2: Treatment strategies. J Inherit Metab Dis 2019; 42:745-761. [PMID: 31119742 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Despite realizing increased survival rates for propionic acidemia (PA) and methylmalonic acidemia (MMA) patients, the current therapeutic regimen is inadequate for preventing or treating the devastating complications that still can occur. The elucidation of pathophysiology of these complications allows us to evaluate and rethink treatment strategies. In this review we display and discuss potential therapy targets and we give a systematic overview on current, experimental and unexplored treatment strategies in order to provide insight in what we have to offer PA and MMA patients, now and in the future. Evidence on the effectiveness of treatment strategies is often scarce, since none were tested in randomized clinical trials. This raises concerns, since even the current consensus on best practice treatment for PA and MMA is not without controversy. To attain substantial improvements in overall outcome, gene, mRNA or enzyme replacement therapy is most promising since permanent reduction of toxic metabolites allows for a less strict therapeutic regime. Hereby, both mitochondrial-associated and therapy induced complications can theoretically be prevented. However, the road from bench to bedside is long, as it is challenging to design a drug that is delivered to the mitochondria of all tissues that require enzymatic activity, including the brain, without inducing any off-target effects. To improve survival rate and quality of life of PA and MMA patients, there is a need for systematic (re-)evaluation of accepted and potential treatment strategies, so that we can better determine who will benefit when and how from which treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanneke A Haijes
- Section Metabolic Diagnostics, Department of Biomedical Genetics, Centre for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Section Metabolic Diseases, Department of Child Health, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter M van Hasselt
- Section Metabolic Diseases, Department of Child Health, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Judith J M Jans
- Section Metabolic Diagnostics, Department of Biomedical Genetics, Centre for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nanda M Verhoeven-Duif
- Section Metabolic Diagnostics, Department of Biomedical Genetics, Centre for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Celik M, Akdeniz O, Ozgun N, Ipek MS, Ozbek MN. Short-term results of continuous venovenous haemodiafiltration versus peritoneal dialysis in 40 neonates with inborn errors of metabolism. Eur J Pediatr 2019; 178:829-836. [PMID: 30895385 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-019-03361-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Several recent studies have reported that toxic metabolites accumulated in the body as a product of inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) are eliminated more rapidly with continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration (CVVHDF) than with peritoneal dialysis (PD). However, there is still uncertainty about the impacts of dialysis modalities on the short-term outcome. Here, it was aimed to investigate the effects of dialysis modalities on the short-term outcome. This retrospective study included 40 newborn infants who underwent PD (29 patients) or CVVHDF (11 patients) due to inborn errors of metabolism at a tertiary centre, between June 2013 and March 2018. The outcomes and the potential effects of the dialysis modality were evaluated. Of 40 patients, 21 were urea cycle defect, 14 were organic academia, and 5 were maple syrup urine disease. The median 50% reduction time of toxic metabolites were shorter in patients treated with CVVHDF (p < 0.05). Catheter blockage was the most common complication observed in PD group (24.1%), whereas in CVVHDF group hypotension and filter blockage were more common. There was no significant difference in mortality between dialysis groups (38% vs. 45.4%, p > 0.05). In patients with hyperammonaemia, duration of plasma ammonia > 200 μg/dL was the most important factor influencing mortality (OR 1.05, CI 1.01-1.09, p = 0.007).Conclusion: This study showed that CVVHDF is more efficient than PD to rapidly eliminate toxic metabolites caused by IEM in newborn infants, but not in improving survival. What is Known: •Toxic metabolites are eliminated more rapidly with CVVHDF than with PD. •Higher complication rates were reported with rigid peritoneal catheters in PD and catheter blockage in CVVHDF. What is New: •Prolonged duration of plasma ammonia levels above a safe limit (200 μg/dL) was associated with increased mortality. •Lower catheter-related complication rates may have been associated with the use of Tenckhoff catheters in PD and the use of right internal jugular vein in CVVHDF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhittin Celik
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Gaziantep University, Osmangazi Mahallesi, Üniversite Blv., 27310 Şehitkamil, Gaziantep, Turkey.
| | - Osman Akdeniz
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Diyarbakir Children's Diseases Hospital, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Nezir Ozgun
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Diyarbakir Children's Diseases Hospital, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Sah Ipek
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Memorial Dicle Hospital, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Nuri Ozbek
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, Gazi Yaşargil Training and Research Hospital, Diyarbakir, Turkey
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Seethapathy H, Fenves AZ. Pathophysiology and Management of Hyperammonemia in Organ Transplant Patients. Am J Kidney Dis 2019; 74:390-398. [PMID: 31040091 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2019.03.419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Neurologic complications are common after solid-organ transplantation, occurring in one-third of patients. Immunosuppression-related neurotoxicity (involving calcineurin inhibitors and corticosteroids), opportunistic central nervous system infections, seizures, and delirium are some of the causes of neurologic symptoms following solid-organ transplantation. An uncommon often missed complication posttransplantation involves buildup of ammonia levels that can lead to rapid clinical deterioration even when treated. Ammonia levels are not routinely checked due to the myriad of other explanations for encephalopathy in a transplant recipient. A treatment of choice for severe hyperammonemia involves renal replacement therapy (RRT), but there are no guidelines on the mode or parameters of RRT for reducing ammonia levels. Hyperammonemia in a transplant recipient poses specific challenges beyond the actual condition because the treatment (RRT) involves significant hemodynamic fluctuations that may affect the graft. In this review, we describe a patient with posttransplantation hyperammonemia and discuss the pathways of ammonia metabolism, potential factors underlying the development of hyperammonemia posttransplantation, and choice of appropriate therapeutic options in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harish Seethapathy
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
| | - Andrew Z Fenves
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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18
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Yetimakman AF, Kesici S, Tanyildiz M, Bayrakci B. Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy for Treatment of Severe Attacks of Inborn Errors of Metabolism. J Pediatr Intensive Care 2019; 8:164-169. [PMID: 31402993 DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1683991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe metabolic crises in children with inborn errors of metabolism can result in mortality or severe morbidities where continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) can be lifesaving . Clinical data, the pediatric risk of mortality (PRISM) scores calculated in the first 24 hours, and pediatric logistic organ dysfunction (PELOD) scores calculated in the last 24 hours before CRRT, were studied . Overall, CRRT was successful in restoring metabolic balance in 72% of patients. PELOD scores before CRRT were lower in survivors ( p = 0.02). Despite numerous comorbid factors, CRRT can be used effectively in management of metabolic crises. Early intervention with this therapy before occurrence of complications must be targeted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Filiz Yetimakman
- Division of Pediatric Intensive Care, Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Selman Kesici
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Dr. Sami Ulus Maternity and Children's Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Murat Tanyildiz
- Division of Pediatric Intensive Care, Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Benan Bayrakci
- Division of Pediatric Intensive Care, Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Cho H. Renal replacement therapy in neonates with an inborn error of metabolism. KOREAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS 2018; 62:43-47. [PMID: 30404428 PMCID: PMC6382961 DOI: 10.3345/kjp.2018.07143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hyperammonemia can be caused by several genetic inborn errors of metabolism including urea cycle defects, organic acidemias, fatty acid oxidation defects, and certain disorders of amino acid metabolism. High levels of ammonia are extremely neurotoxic, leading to astrocyte swelling, brain edema, coma, severe disability, and even death. Thus, emergency treatment for hyperammonemia must be initiated before a precise diagnosis is established. In neonates with hyperammonemia caused by an inborn error of metabolism, a few studies have suggested that peritoneal dialysis, intermittent hemodialysis, and continuous renal replacement therapy (RRT) are effective modalities for decreasing the plasma level of ammonia. In this review, we discuss the current literature related to the use of RRT for treating neonates with hyperammonemia caused by an inborn error of metabolism, including optimal prescriptions, prognosis, and outcomes. We also review the literature on new technologies and instrumentation for RRT in neonates
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Affiliation(s)
- Heeyeon Cho
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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20
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Renal replacement therapy in the neonatal intensive care unit. Pediatr Neonatol 2018; 59:474-480. [PMID: 29396136 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedneo.2017.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal replacement therapy (RRT) is becoming increasingly necessary for supporting critically ill neonates. Few studies have reported the use of RRT in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Therefore, we performed a retrospective study to describe the use of RRT in our NICU and its associated efficacy, complications, and outcomes. METHODS We identified patients requiring RRT between January 2009 and January 2017. Demographic data, mode of RRT, and associated factors were recorded. Efficacy was calculated as the percentage reduction in the blood urea nitrogen (BUN) or toxic metabolite level after 24 h of RRT. Complications including hypotension, electrolyte disturbance, and technical and catheter-related complications were documented. Measures of clinical outcome included in-hospital survival, presence of neurological sequelae, and chronic kidney disease. The chi-square test and Mann-Whitney U test were used for categorical and continuous variables, respectively. RESULTS We included 17 neonates in our study. The median gestational age at birth was 37 weeks (32-39 weeks), and the median birth weight was 2.7 kg (1.5-3.6 kg). Twelve neonates, including three with inborn errors of metabolism (IEM), received continuous RRT (CRRT), and five neonates underwent peritoneal dialysis (PD). The percentage reduction in ammonia in neonates with IEM who received CRRT was 87.2% at 24 h. The percentage reductions in BUN in the non-IEM neonates in the CRRT and PD groups were 33.7% and 23.7% at 24 h, respectively. The main complication was electrolyte disturbance including hypokalemia, hypocalcemia, and hypophosphatemia. All neonates with IEM survived, whereas the mortality rates for the non-IEM neonates in the CRRT and PD groups were 78% and 80%, respectively. CONCLUSION Our study findings reveal RRT to be feasible, even in preterm neonates with low birth weight. CRRT had a higher efficacy level, particularly in neonates with IEM, and the complications encountered were transient and correctable.
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21
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Peritoneal dialysis beyond kidney failure? J Control Release 2018; 282:3-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Robinson JR, Conroy PC, Hardison D, Hamid R, Grubb PH, Pietsch JB, Lovvorn HN. Rapid resolution of hyperammonemia in neonates using extracorporeal membrane oxygenation as a platform to drive hemodialysis. J Perinatol 2018; 38:665-671. [PMID: 29467521 PMCID: PMC6030490 DOI: 10.1038/s41372-018-0084-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to clarify the impact of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) as a platform to drive hemodialysis (HD) for ammonia clearance on outcomes of neonates with severe hyperammonemia. STUDY DESIGN All neonates treated for hyperammonemia at a single children's hospital between 1992 and 2016 were identified. Patient characteristics and outcomes were compared between those receiving medical management or ECMO/HD. RESULT Twenty-five neonates were treated for hyperammonemia, of which 13 (52%) received ECMO/HD. Peak ammonia levels among neonates treated with ECMO/HD were significantly higher than those medically managed (1041 [IQR 902-1581] μmol/L versus 212 [IQR 110-410] μmol/L; p = 0.009). Serum ammonia levels in the ECMO/HD cohort declined to the median of medically managed within 4.5 (IQR 2.9-7.0) hours and normalized within 7.3 (IQR 3.6-13.5) hours. All neonates survived ECMO/HD, and nine (69.2%) survived to discharge. CONCLUSION ECMO/HD is an effective adjunct to rapidly clear severe hyperammonemia in newborns, reducing potential neurodevelopmental morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie R. Robinson
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | - Patricia C. Conroy
- School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Daphne Hardison
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | - Rizwan Hamid
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | - Peter H. Grubb
- Department of Pediatrics, Neonatology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center,Department of Pediatrics, Neonatology, University of Utah,Primary Children’s Hospital, Intermountain Healthcare Corporation
| | - John B. Pietsch
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | - Harold N. Lovvorn
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
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Celik M, Akdeniz O, Ozgun N. Efficacy of peritoneal dialysis in neonates presenting with hyperammonaemia due to urea cycle defects and organic acidaemia. Nephrology (Carlton) 2018; 24:330-335. [PMID: 29356227 DOI: 10.1111/nep.13224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM Newborns with inborn errors of metabolism can present with hyperammonaemic coma. In this study, we evaluated the effect of peritoneal dialysis on plasma ammonium levels and on the short-term outcome in neonatal patients with urea cycle defects and organic acidaemia. METHODS Data from infants with hyperammonaemia due to urea cycle defects or organic acidaemia treated with dialysis were collected and retrospectively analyzed. The results of patient groups (group I, survived; and group II, died) were compared. RESULTS Fourteen neonates were enrolled in this study. In group I, plasma ammonium levels before dialysis were median (IQR) 1652 μg/dL (1165-2098 μg/dL); in group II, they were 1289 μg/dL (1070-5550 μg/dL). There was no statistically significant difference. Urea cycle defects were diagnosed in eight, and organic acidaemia in six patients. The duration of a blood ammonia level >200 μg/dL was longer in group II (P = 0.04). A <60.8% decline in the ammonia level from the beginning of dialysis to the 12th hour of dialysis carried a 3.33-fold higher risk of mortality, when compared with a greater decline. Five patients with urea cycle defects, and one with organic acidaemia, died. The mortality risk was 8.33-fold (95% CI = 0.63-90.86) higher for patients with urea cycle defects than for those with organic acidaemia. CONCLUSION In patients with hyperammonaemia treated with peritoneal dialysis, the rate of ammonia removal and the underlying aetiology appear to be important prognostic factors. Neonates with organic acidaemia who are admitted to centres without continuous renal replacement therapy facilities can be effectively treated with peritoneal dialysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhittin Celik
- Divisions of Neonatology, Diyarbakir Children's Hospital, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Osman Akdeniz
- Divisions of Pediatric Cardiology, Diyarbakir Children's Hospital, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Nezir Ozgun
- Divisions of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Diyarbakir Children's Hospital, Diyarbakir, Turkey
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Gotoh K, Nakajima Y, Tajima G, Watanabe Y, Hotta Y, Kataoka T, Kawade Y, Sugiyama N, Ito T, Kimura K, Maeda Y. Determination of methylmalonyl coenzyme A by ultra high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry for measuring propionyl coenzyme A carboxylase activity in patients with propionic acidemia. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1046:195-199. [PMID: 28189105 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Propionic acidemia (PA) is an inherited metabolic disease caused by low activity of propionyl coenzyme A (CoA) carboxylase (PCC), which metabolizes propionyl-CoA into methylmalonyl-CoA. Although many patients with PA have been identified by tandem mass spectrometry since the test was first included in neonatal mass screening in the 1990s, the disease severity varies. Thus, determining the specific level of PCC activity is considered to be helpful to grasp the severity of PA. We developed a new PCC assay method by the determination of methylmalonyl-CoA, which is formed by an enzyme reaction using peripheral lymphocytes, based on ultra high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). With methylmalonyl-CoA concentrations of 0.05, 0.5, and 5μmol/L, the intra-assay coefficients of variation (CVs) were 8.2%, 8.7%, and 5.1%, respectively, and the inter-assay CVs were 13.6%, 10.5%, and 5.9%, respectively. The PCC activities of 20 healthy individuals and 6 PA patients were investigated with this assay. Methylmalonyl-CoA was not detected in one PA patient with a severe form of the disease, but the remaining PA patients with mild disease showed residual activities (3.3-7.8%). These results demonstrate that determination of PCC activity with this assay would be useful to distinguish between mild and severe cases of PA to help choose an appropriate treatment plan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kana Gotoh
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoko Nakajima
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Go Tajima
- Division of Neonatal Screening, National Center for Child health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoriko Watanabe
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan; Research Institute of Medical Mass Spectrometry, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Yuji Hotta
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tomoya Kataoka
- Department of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Graduate of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kawade
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Naruji Sugiyama
- Aichi Medical College for Physical and Occupational Therapy, Kiyosu, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ito
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Kazunori Kimura
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan; Department of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Graduate of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Maeda
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan.
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Schrettl V, Felgenhauer N, Rabe C, Fernando M, Eyer F. L-Arginine in the treatment of valproate overdose - five clinical cases. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2017; 55:260-266. [PMID: 28152637 DOI: 10.1080/15563650.2017.1284333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Valproic acid and its metabolites - particularly valproyl-CoA - are inhibitors of the enzyme N-acetylglutamate synthetase. The amino acid l-arginine can stimulate N-acetylglutamate synthetase activity and could be potentially used therapeutically to correct hyperammonemia caused by valproate therapy or overdose. Severely valproic-acid-poisoned patients are usually treated with l-carnitine or hemodialysis in order to decrease hyperammonemia. We herein report of five cases, in which l-arginine was administered. METHODS Observational study on five cases. Patients with hyperammonemia (i.e., ammonia 80 > μg/dL) and symptoms consistent with valproate overdose (i.e., drowsiness, coma) were selected for treatment with l-arginine. Data was collected retrospectively. RESULTS l-Arginine decreased ammonia levels in a close temporal relation (case I ammonia in EDTA-plasma [μg/dL] decreased from 381 to 39; case II from 281 to 50; case III from 669 to 74; case IV from 447 to 56; case V from 202 to 60). In cases I and II, hemodialysis was performed and l-carnitine was given before the administration of l-arginine. In case III, hemodialysis was performed after the administration of l-arginine was already started. In cases IV and V, treatment with l-arginine was the sole measure to decrease ammonia levels in plasma. CONCLUSION The results suggest that l-arginine may be beneficial in selected cases of valproate overdose complicated by hyperammonemia. l-Arginine could extend our conventional treatment options for valproic acid overdose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Schrettl
- a Department of Clinical Toxicology , Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich (TUM) , Munich , Germany
| | - Norbert Felgenhauer
- a Department of Clinical Toxicology , Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich (TUM) , Munich , Germany
| | - Christian Rabe
- a Department of Clinical Toxicology , Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich (TUM) , Munich , Germany
| | - Malkanthi Fernando
- b Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Metabolism , Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Freiburg, University Freiburg , Freiburg , Germany
| | - Florian Eyer
- a Department of Clinical Toxicology , Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich (TUM) , Munich , Germany
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Abstract
Hyperammonemia is an important cause of cerebral edema in both adults with liver failure and children with inborn errors of metabolism. There are few studies that have analyzed the role of extracorporeal dialysis in reducing blood ammonia levels in the adult population. Furthermore, there are no firm guidelines about when to implement RRT, because many of the conditions that are characterized by hyperammonemia are extremely rare. In this review of existing literature on RRT, we present the body's own mechanisms for clearing ammonia as well as the dialytic properties of ammonia. We review the available literature on the use of continuous venovenous hemofiltration, peritoneal dialysis, and hemodialysis in neonates and adults with conditions characterized by hyperammonemia and discuss some of the controversies that exist over selecting one modality over another.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew Z. Fenves
- Renal Division, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Robert Hootkins
- ESRD Consulting, PLLC, Austin, Texas; and
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas
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Wen JX, Feldenberg LR, Abraham E, Sadiq F, Christensen KM, Braddock SR. Continuous Venovenous Hemodialysis Via Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Pump for Treatment of Hyperammonemia Secondary to Propionic Acidemia in Monochorionic Diamniotic Twin Boys. J Pediatr 2016; 175:231-2. [PMID: 27283461 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Late-preterm twins with propionic acidemia developed severe hyperammonemic encephalopathy at 5 days of age. Continuous venovenous hemodialysis was performed successfully for both infants via extracorporeal membrane oxygenation pump, and both rapidly improved. They were taken off continuous venovenous hemodialysis and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and discharged with dietary therapy. At 3 years of age, neurodevelopment showed globally delayed milestones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy X Wen
- Saint Louis University School of Medicine, SSM Health Cardinal Glennon Children's Hospital, St Louis, MO
| | - L Richard Feldenberg
- Saint Louis University School of Medicine, SSM Health Cardinal Glennon Children's Hospital, St Louis, MO
| | | | - Farouk Sadiq
- Saint Louis University School of Medicine, SSM Health Cardinal Glennon Children's Hospital, St Louis, MO
| | - Katherine M Christensen
- Saint Louis University School of Medicine, SSM Health Cardinal Glennon Children's Hospital, St Louis, MO
| | - Stephen R Braddock
- Saint Louis University School of Medicine, SSM Health Cardinal Glennon Children's Hospital, St Louis, MO
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Ustyol L, Peker E, Demir N, Agengin K, Tuncer O. The Use of Acute Peritoneal Dialysis in Critically Ill Newborns. Med Sci Monit 2016; 22:1421-6. [PMID: 27121012 PMCID: PMC4913833 DOI: 10.12659/msm.898271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To evaluate the efficacy, complications, and mortality rate of acute peritoneal dialysis (APD) in critically ill newborns. Material/Methods The study included 31 newborns treated in our center between May 2012 and December 2014. Results The mean birth weight, duration of peritoneal dialysis, and gestational age of the patients were determined as 2155.2±032.2 g (580–3900 g), 4 days (1–20 days), and 34 weeks (24–40 weeks), respectively. The main reasons for APD were sepsis (35.5%), postoperative cardiac surgery (16%), hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (13%), salting of the newborn (9.7%), congenital metabolic disorders (6.1%), congenital renal diseases (6.5%), nonimmune hydrops fetalis (6.5%), and acute kidney injury (AKI) due to severe dehydration (3.2%). APD-related complications were observed in 48.4% of the patients. The complications encountered were catheter leakages in nine patients, catheter obstruction in three patients, peritonitis in two patients, and intestinal perforation in one patient. The general mortality rate was 54.8%, however, the mortality rate in premature newborns was 81.3%. Conclusions APD can be an effective, simple, safe, and important therapy for renal replacement in many neonatal diseases and it can be an appropriate treatment, where necessary, for newborns. Although it may cause some complications, they are not common. However, it should be used carefully, especially in premature newborns who are vulnerable and have a high mortality risk. The recommendation of APD therapy in such cases needs to be verified by further studies in larger patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lokman Ustyol
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology, Yuzuncu Yil University, School of Medicine, Van, Turkey
| | - Erdal Peker
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Yuzuncu Yil University, School of Medicine, Van, Turkey
| | - Nihat Demir
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Yuzuncu Yil University, School of Medicine, Van, Turkey
| | - Kemal Agengin
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Yuzuncu Yil University, School of Medicine, Van, Turkey
| | - Oguz Tuncer
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Yuzuncu Yil University, School of Medicine, Van, Turkey
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Wang S. Renal Replacement Therapy in the Pediatric Critical Care Unit. J Pediatr Intensive Care 2015; 5:59-63. [PMID: 31110886 DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1564736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal replacement therapy is becoming more prevalent in the pediatric intensive care units for a large variety of disease states, including multiorgan dysfunction syndrome, fluid overload, and electrolyte imbalance. Three modalities-continuous renal replacement therapy, hemodialysis, and peritoneal dialysis-are commonly used. When deciding among the three therapies, there are several advantages and disadvantages of each modality that must be considered. This manuscript provides an overview of each modality as well as its pros and cons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihtien Wang
- Pediatric Nephrology, Children's Hospital of the University of Illinois Hospital & Health Sciences System, Illinois, United States
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Picca S, Dionisi-Vici C, Bartuli A, De Palo T, Papadia F, Montini G, Materassi M, Donati MA, Verrina E, Schiaffino MC, Pecoraro C, Iaccarino E, Vidal E, Burlina A, Emma F. Short-term survival of hyperammonemic neonates treated with dialysis. Pediatr Nephrol 2015; 30:839-47. [PMID: 25185886 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-014-2945-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In severe neonatal hyperammonemia, extracorporeal dialysis (ECD) provides higher ammonium clearance than peritoneal dialysis (PD). However, there are limited outcome data in relation to dialysis modality. METHODS Data from infants with hyperammonemia secondary to inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) treated with dialysis were collected in six Italian centers and retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS Forty-five neonates born between 1990 and 2011 were enrolled in the study. Of these, 23 were treated with PD and 22 with ECD (14 with continuous venovenous hemodialysis [CVVHD], 5 with continuous arteriovenous hemodialysis [CAVHD], 3 with hemodialysis [HD]). Patients treated with PD experienced a shorter duration of predialysis coma, while those treated with HD had a shorter ammonium decay time compared with all the other patients (p < 0.05). No difference in ammonium reduction rate was observed between patients treated with PD, CAVHD or CVVHD. Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase deficiency (CPS) was significantly associated with increased risk of death (OR: 9.37 [1.52-57.6], p = 0.016). Predialysis ammonium levels were significantly associated with a composite end-point of death or neurological sequelae (adjusted OR: 1.13 [1.02-1.27] per 100 μmol/l, p = 0.026). No association was found between outcome and dialysis modality. CONCLUSIONS In this study, a delayed ECD treatment was not superior to PD in improving the short-term outcome of neonates with hyperammonemia secondary to IEM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Picca
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Department of Nephrology-Urology, "Bambino Gesù" Children's Hospital-IRCCS, Rome, Italy,
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Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) affects 3.9/1000 at-risk children in the United States, a number that has been increasing as critically ill and injured children have access to improved care and the diagnosis of AKI is being made more accurately. Children with AKI have a higher mortality and hospital length of stay as compared to children without AKI. Renal replacement therapy can improve outcomes in these patients. This article reviews the pathophysiology of AKI and the modalities, indications, and outcomes of renal replacement for children with AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix C Blanco
- University of Minnesota Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Gezzer Ortega
- Department of Surgery, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Faisal G Qureshi
- Children׳s National Medical Center, George Washington University, 111 Michigan Ave, NW, WW 4200, Washington, District of Columbia 20010.
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Forster V, Signorell RD, Roveri M, Leroux JC. Liposome-supported peritoneal dialysis for detoxification of drugs and endogenous metabolites. Sci Transl Med 2014; 6:258ra141. [DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3009135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Baumgartner MR, Hörster F, Dionisi-Vici C, Haliloglu G, Karall D, Chapman KA, Huemer M, Hochuli M, Assoun M, Ballhausen D, Burlina A, Fowler B, Grünert SC, Grünewald S, Honzik T, Merinero B, Pérez-Cerdá C, Scholl-Bürgi S, Skovby F, Wijburg F, MacDonald A, Martinelli D, Sass JO, Valayannopoulos V, Chakrapani A. Proposed guidelines for the diagnosis and management of methylmalonic and propionic acidemia. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2014; 9:130. [PMID: 25205257 PMCID: PMC4180313 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-014-0130-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 416] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylmalonic and propionic acidemia (MMA/PA) are inborn errors of metabolism characterized by accumulation of propionic acid and/or methylmalonic acid due to deficiency of methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (MUT) or propionyl-CoA carboxylase (PCC). MMA has an estimated incidence of ~ 1: 50,000 and PA of ~ 1:100’000 -150,000. Patients present either shortly after birth with acute deterioration, metabolic acidosis and hyperammonemia or later at any age with a more heterogeneous clinical picture, leading to early death or to severe neurological handicap in many survivors. Mental outcome tends to be worse in PA and late complications include chronic kidney disease almost exclusively in MMA and cardiomyopathy mainly in PA. Except for vitamin B12 responsive forms of MMA the outcome remains poor despite the existence of apparently effective therapy with a low protein diet and carnitine. This may be related to under recognition and delayed diagnosis due to nonspecific clinical presentation and insufficient awareness of health care professionals because of disease rarity. These guidelines aim to provide a trans-European consensus to guide practitioners, set standards of care and to help to raise awareness. To achieve these goals, the guidelines were developed using the SIGN methodology by having professionals on MMA/PA across twelve European countries and the U.S. gather all the existing evidence, score it according to the SIGN evidence level system and make a series of conclusive statements supported by an associated level of evidence. Although the degree of evidence rarely exceeds level C (evidence from non-analytical studies like case reports and series), the guideline should provide a firm and critical basis to guide practice on both acute and chronic presentations, and to address diagnosis, management, monitoring, outcomes, and psychosocial and ethical issues. Furthermore, these guidelines highlight gaps in knowledge that must be filled by future research. We consider that these guidelines will help to harmonize practice, set common standards and spread good practices, with a positive impact on the outcomes of MMA/PA patients.
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Bilgin L, Unal S, Gunduz M, Uncu N, Tiryaki T. Utility of peritoneal dialysis in neonates affected by inborn errors of metabolism. J Paediatr Child Health 2014; 50:531-5. [PMID: 24612162 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.12510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIM Some inborn errors of metabolism induce metabolic encephalopathy through accumulation of neurotoxic metabolites. Rapid elimination of these metabolites by peritoneal or extracorporeal dialysis is crucial to prevent neuronal damage or death. In this retrospective study, we evaluated the outcomes of nine neonates with metabolic crisis treated with peritoneal dialysis. METHOD Six neonates with hyperammonemic coma (four with organic acidemias, two with urea cycle disorders) and three with leucine accumulation due to maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) were managed with peritoneal dialysis in conjunction with dietary and pharmacological therapy. RESULTS Three patients with organic acidemia survived. One of the patients was normal; others had moderate and severe neurological impairments. One neonate with organic acidemia and both neonates with urea cycle disorders died. Two of the three patients with MSUD survived without neurological impairment; the other had severe neurological damage and died at 9 months of age due to sepsis. CONCLUSION Theoretically, extracorporeal dialysis should be the first dialysis treatment of choice; however, this report demonstrates that peritoneal dialysis has a chance to prevent neurological damage in some patients. Therefore, in developing countries without extracorporeal dialysis opportunities, it can be still a life-saving procedure, if it is applied with skilled staff and standard procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyla Bilgin
- Division of Neonatology, Republic of Turkey Ministry of Health Ankara Children's Hematology and Oncology Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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35
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Dialyse im Neugeborenenalter. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00112-013-3064-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Hanudel M, Avasare S, Tsai E, Yadin O, Zaritsky J. A biphasic dialytic strategy for the treatment of neonatal hyperammonemia. Pediatr Nephrol 2014; 29:315-20. [PMID: 24122260 PMCID: PMC5922760 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-013-2638-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Revised: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neonates with inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) often develop hyperammonemia which, if not corrected quickly, may result in poor neurologic outcomes. As pharmacologic therapy cannot rapidly lower ammonia levels, dialysis is frequently required. Both hemodialysis (HD) and standard-dose continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) are effective; however, HD may be followed by post-dialytic ammonia rebound, and standard-dose CRRT may not effect a rapid enough decrease in ammonia levels. CASE-DIAGNOSIS/TREATMENT We present two cases of IEM-associated neonatal hyperammonemia in which we employed a biphasic, high-dose CRRT treatment strategy, initially using dialysate flow rates of 5,000 mL/h (approximately 40,000 mL/h/1.73 m(2)) in order to rapidly decrease ammonia levels, then decreasing the dialysate flow rates to 500 mL/h (approximately 4,000 mL/h/1.73 m(2)) in order to prevent ammonia rebound. CONCLUSIONS This biphasic dialytic treatment strategy for neonatal hyperammonemia effected rapid ammonia reduction without rebound and accomplished during a single dialysis run without equipment changes.
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Oh MY, Lee BS, Oh SH, Jang HJ, Do HJ, Kim EAR, Kim KS, Lee JH, Park YS, Lee BH, Yoo HW. Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: A Single-Center Study. NEONATAL MEDICINE 2014. [DOI: 10.5385/nm.2014.21.4.244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Moon-yeon Oh
- Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byong Sop Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong-Hee Oh
- Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Jin Jang
- Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Jeong Do
- Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ellen Ai-Rhan Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki-Soo Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joo Hoon Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Seo Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Beom-Hee Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Han-Wook Yoo
- Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Slack AJ, Auzinger G, Willars C, Dew T, Musto R, Corsilli D, Sherwood R, Wendon JA, Bernal W. Ammonia clearance with haemofiltration in adults with liver disease. Liver Int 2014; 34:42-8. [PMID: 23786538 DOI: 10.1111/liv.12221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 05/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Ammonia is recognized as a toxin central to complications of liver failure. Hyperammonaemia has important clinical consequences, but optimal means to reduce circulating levels are uncertain. In patients with liver disease, continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) with haemofiltration (HF) is often required to treat concurrent kidney injury, but its effects upon ammonia levels are poorly characterized. To evaluate the effect of HF at different treatment intensities on ammonia clearance (AC) and arterial ammonia concentration. METHODS Prospective study of adult patients with liver failure and arterial ammonia >100 μmol/L requiring CRRT using veno-venous HF. Arterial ammonia concentration and AC measured at 1 and 24 h after initiation of low (35 ml/kg/h) or high (90 ml/kg/h) filtration volume. RESULTS Twenty-four patients (10 acute liver failure, 10 chronic liver disease and 4 following liver resection) were studied. Clearance of urea and ammonia solutes correlated closely (r = 0.819, P = 0.007). Ammonia clearance correlated closely with ultrafiltration rate (r = 0.86, P < 0.001). At 1 h, AC was 39 (34-54) ml/min (low volume) vs 85 (62-105) ml/min (high volume) CRRT, (P < 0.001) and at 24 h 44 (34-63) vs 105 (82-109) ml/min, (P = 0.01). Overall, a 22% reduction in median arterial ammonia concentration was observed over 24 h of HF from 156 (137-176) to 122 (85-133) μmol/L, (P ≤ 0.0001). CONCLUSION Clinically significant ammonia clearance can be achieved in adult patients with hyperammonaemia utilizing continuous VVHF. Ammonia clearance is closely correlated with ultrafiltration rate. HF was associated with a fall in arterial ammonia concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Slack
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Efficacy and safety of intermittent hemodialysis in infants and young children with inborn errors of metabolism. Pediatr Nephrol 2014; 29:111-6. [PMID: 24013516 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-013-2609-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Revised: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intermittent hemodialysis (IHD) is the most efficient form of renal replacement therapy (RRT) for removing toxic substances from patients' bodies. However, the efficacy and safety of IHD in infants and young children with inborn errors of metabolism are still not clear. METHODS This retrospective study included patients with urea cycle disorders, maple syrup urine disease, and methylmalonic acidemia who received IHD or non-IHD RRT at our hospital between 2001 and 2012 to remove ammonia, leucine, or methylmalonic acid. Both the efficacy and safety of the RRT were evaluated. RESULTS Thirty-five courses of RRT, including 25 courses of IHD and ten courses of non-IHD RRT, for 15 patients were included in the analysis. Before 2006, non-IHD RRT procedures, including peritoneal dialysis (PD) and continuous venous-venous hemofiltration (CVVH), were the most often used; from 2006 onwards IHD was used. There was one procedure-unrelated death. Catheter penetration occurred in one course of IHD. The efficacy data revealed that both the median duration of dialysis and the median 50 % toxin reduction time were shorter in IHD than in non-IHD RRT. CONCLUSIONS In infants and young children with inborn errors of metabolism, IHD is safe and more efficient than non-IHD RRT at removing toxins.
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Pipili C, Polydorou A, Pantelias K, Korfiatis P, Nikolakopoulos F, Grapsa E. Improvement of hepatic encephalopathy by application of peritoneal dialysis in a patient with non-end-stage renal disease. Perit Dial Int 2013; 33:213-6. [PMID: 23478376 DOI: 10.3747/pdi.2011.00271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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Affiliation(s)
- Byong Sop Lee
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Nonrenal indications for continuous renal replacement therapy: A report from the Prospective Pediatric Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy Registry Group. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2012; 13:e299-304. [PMID: 22805158 DOI: 10.1097/pcc.0b013e31824fbd76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Continuous renal replacement therapy is the most often implemented dialysis modality in the pediatric intensive care unit setting for patients with acute kidney injury. However, it also has a role in the management of patients with nonrenal indications such as clearance of drugs and intermediates of disordered cellular metabolism. MEASUREMENTS AND METHODS Using data from the multicenter Prospective Pediatric Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy Registry, we report a cohort of pediatric patients receiving continuous renal replacement therapy for nonrenal indications. Nonrenal indications were obtained from the combination of "other" category for continuous renal replacement therapy initiation and patient diagnosis (both primary and secondary). This cohort was further divided into three subgroups: inborn errors of metabolism, drug toxicity, and tumor lysis syndrome. RESULTS From 2000 to 2005, a total of 50 continuous renal replacement therapy events with nonrenal indications for therapy were included in the Prospective Pediatric Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy Registry. Indication-specific survival of the subgroups was 62% (inborn errors of metabolism), 82% (tumor lysis syndrome), and 95% (drug toxicity). The median small solute dose delivered among the subgroups ranged from 2125 to 8213 mL/1.73 m/hr, with 54%-59% receiving solely diffusion-based clearance as continuous venovenous hemodialysis. No association was established between survival and dose delivered, modality of continuous renal replacement therapy, or use of intermittent hemodialysis prior to continuous renal replacement therapy. CONCLUSIONS Pediatric patients requiring continuous renal replacement therapy for nonrenal indications are a distinct cohort within the population receiving renal replacement therapy with little published experience of outcomes for this group. Survival within this cohort varies by indication for continuous renal replacement therapy and is not associated with continuous renal replacement therapy modality. Additionally, survival is not associated with small solute doses delivered within a cohort receiving >2000 mL/1.73 m/hr. Our data suggest metabolic control is established rapidly in pediatric patients and that acute detoxification may be provided with continuous renal replacement therapy for both the initial and maintenance phases of treatment using either convection or diffusion at appropriate doses.
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Alparslan C, Yavascan O, Bal A, Kanik A, Kose E, Demir BK, Aksu N. The Performance of Acute Peritoneal Dialysis Treatment in Neonatal Period. Ren Fail 2012; 34:1015-20. [DOI: 10.3109/0886022x.2012.708378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Imran M, Shah Y, Nundlall S, Roberts NB, Howse M. Is blood ammonia influenced by kidney function? A prospective study. Clin Biochem 2012; 45:363-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2011.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2011] [Revised: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 12/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Lyles SE, Kow K, Milner RJ, Buckley GJ, Bandt C, Baxter KJ. Acute hyperammonemia after L-asparaginase administration in a dog. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2012; 21:673-8. [PMID: 22316261 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-4431.2011.00695.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2011] [Accepted: 09/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe a previously unreported and potentially fatal complication of L-asparaginase (L-asp) administration in a dog. CASE SUMMARY A 7-year-old, 6.6 kg, female spayed Beagle presented with a 1-week history of progressive inappetance and lethargy. Diagnostic tests identified the presence of stage Vb lymphoma and liver dysfunction. The dog was treated with L-asp at 400 IU/kg, corticosteroids, and IV fluids. Within 12 hours the dog became depressed, vomited, and developed abdominal pain. Within 24 hours, the dog's mentation progressed from obtunded to comatose; subsequently the dog developed a "decerebrate posture." Blood ammonia concentrations exceeded 1,000 μmol/L (1,700 μg/dL). Treatment with broad-spectrum antimicrobials, lactulose enemas, and continuous renal replacement therapy were initiated without response and the dog suffered cardiopulmonary arrest. NEW OR UNIQUE INFORMATION PROVIDED The purpose of this report is to describe the development of severe hyperammonemia after L-asp therapy in a dog, which has not been previously reported in the literature. Given the rapid progression and fatal outcome observed in this case, early recognition may be crucial for management and treatment of this complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Lyles
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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Hyperammonemia in review: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment. Pediatr Nephrol 2012; 27:207-22. [PMID: 21431427 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-011-1838-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2010] [Revised: 01/09/2011] [Accepted: 01/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Ammonia is an important source of nitrogen and is required for amino acid synthesis. It is also necessary for normal acid-base balance. When present in high concentrations, ammonia is toxic. Endogenous ammonia intoxication can occur when there is impaired capacity of the body to excrete nitrogenous waste, as seen with congenital enzymatic deficiencies. A variety of environmental causes and medications may also lead to ammonia toxicity. Hyperammonemia refers to a clinical condition associated with elevated ammonia levels manifested by a variety of symptoms and signs, including significant central nervous system (CNS) abnormalities. Appropriate and timely management requires a solid understanding of the fundamental pathophysiology, differential diagnosis, and treatment approaches available. The following review discusses the etiology, pathogenesis, differential diagnosis, and treatment of hyperammonemia.
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Knerr I, Weinhold N, Vockley J, Gibson KM. Advances and challenges in the treatment of branched-chain amino/keto acid metabolic defects. J Inherit Metab Dis 2012; 35:29-40. [PMID: 21290185 PMCID: PMC4136412 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-010-9269-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2010] [Revised: 12/10/2010] [Accepted: 12/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Disorders of branched-chain amino/keto acid metabolism encompass diverse entities, including maple syrup urine disease (MSUD), the 'classical' organic acidurias isovaleric acidemia (IVA), propionic acidemia (PA), methylmalonic acidemia (MMA) and, among others, rarely described disorders such as 2-methylbutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MBDD) or isobutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (IBDD). Our focus in this review is to highlight the biochemical basis underlying recent advances and ongoing challenges of long-term conservative therapy including precursor/protein restriction, replenishment of deficient substrates, and the use of antioxidants and anaplerotic agents which refill the Krebs cycle. Ongoing clinical assessments of affected individuals in conjunction with monitoring of disease-specific biochemical parameters remain essential. It is likely that mass spectrometry-based 'metabolomics' may be a helpful tool in the future for studying complete biochemical profiles and diverse metabolic phenotypes. Prospective studies are needed to test the effectiveness of adjunct therapies such as antioxidants, ornithine-alpha-ketoglutarate (OKG) or creatine in addition to specialized diets and to optimize current therapeutic strategies in affected individuals. With the individual life-time risk and degree of severity being unknown in asymptomatic individuals with MBDD or IBDD, instructions regarding risks for metabolic stress and fasting avoidance along with clinical monitoring are reasonable interventions at the current time. Overall, it is apparent that carefully designed prospective clinical investigations and multicenter cohort-controlled trials are needed in order to leverage that knowledge into significant breakthroughs in treatment strategies and appropriate approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Knerr
- Children's and Adolescents' Hospital, Otto-Heubner Centrum, Pediatric Metabolic Unit, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany.
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Kim HJ, Park SJ, Park KI, Lee JS, Eun HS, Kim JH, Shin JI. Acute treatment of hyperammonemia by continuous renal replacement therapy in a newborn patient with ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency. KOREAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS 2011; 54:425-8. [PMID: 22232626 PMCID: PMC3250597 DOI: 10.3345/kjp.2011.54.10.425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2011] [Revised: 05/27/2011] [Accepted: 06/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) deficiency is well known as the most common inherited disorder of the urea cycle, and 1 of the most common causes of hyperammonemia in newborns. We experienced a case of a 3-day-old boy with OTC deficiency who appeared healthy in the first 2 days of life but developed lethargy and seizure soon afterwards. His serum ammonia level was measured as >1700 µg/dL (range, 0 to 45 µg/dL). Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) in the mode of continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration was immediately applied to correct the raised ammonia level. No seizure occurred after the elevated ammonia level was reduced. Therefore, CRRT should be included as 1 of the treatment modalities for newborns with inborn errors of metabolism, especially hyperammonemia. Here, we report 1 case of successful treatment of hyperammonemia by CRRT in a neonate with OTC deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Jeong Kim
- The Institute of Kidney Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Sebestyen JF, Warady BA. Advances in pediatric renal replacement therapy. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis 2011; 18:376-83. [PMID: 21896380 DOI: 10.1053/j.ackd.2011.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2011] [Revised: 07/28/2011] [Accepted: 07/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Advances in the understanding and clinical application of hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, and continuous renal replacement therapy have resulted in strategies designed to further improve their safety and efficacy. These advances have been particularly important to children, in whom a variety of clinical and technical issues must be taken into consideration for optimum dialysis across a broad spectrum of patient size and need. This manuscript reviews recent data pertaining to the use of renal replacement therapy, with an emphasis on those aspects of dialysis management that are especially pertinent to pediatric ESRD and acute kidney injury care.
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Bibliography. Neonatology and perinatology. Current world literature. Curr Opin Pediatr 2011; 23:253-7. [PMID: 21412083 DOI: 10.1097/mop.0b013e3283454167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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