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Fan Y, Xu Y, Huo Z, Zhang H, Peng L, Jiang X, Thomson AW, Dai H. Role of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 in kidney diseases: A biomarker and potential therapeutic target. Chin Med J (Engl) 2024; 137:1663-1673. [PMID: 38809056 PMCID: PMC11268828 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000003197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. As an amplifier of the inflammatory response, TREM-1 is mainly involved in the production of inflammatory mediators and the regulation of cell survival. TREM-1 has been studied in infectious diseases and more recently in non-infectious disorders. More and more studies have shown that TREM-1 plays an important pathogenic role in kidney diseases. There is evidence that TREM-1 can not only be used as a biomarker for diagnosis of disease but also as a potential therapeutic target to guide the development of novel therapeutic agents for kidney disease. This review summarized molecular biology of TREM-1 and its signaling pathways as well as immune response in the progress of acute kidney injury, renal fibrosis, diabetic nephropathy, immune nephropathy, and renal cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Fan
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, Center of Organ Transplantation, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Ye Xu
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, Center of Organ Transplantation, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
- Medical College of Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Zhi Huo
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Hedong Zhang
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, Center of Organ Transplantation, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Longkai Peng
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, Center of Organ Transplantation, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Department of Organ Transplantation, The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Henan University of Chinese Medicine (Zhengzhou People’s Hospital), Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China
| | - Angus W. Thomson
- Department of Surgery, Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Helong Dai
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, Center of Organ Transplantation, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
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Gorlier C, Sellam J, Laurans L, Simon T, Giurgea I, Bastard JP, Fellahi S, Deshayes S, Grateau G, Oufella HA, Georgin-Lavialle S. Response to Letter to the Editor. Innate Immun 2020; 26:232-233. [PMID: 32223386 PMCID: PMC7144028 DOI: 10.1177/1753425920908681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Gorlier
- Rheumatology Department, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Saint-Antoine Hospital, France
| | - Jérémie Sellam
- Rheumatology Department, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Saint-Antoine Hospital, France
| | - Ludivine Laurans
- Inserm U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre, Université René Descartes, France
| | - Tabassome Simon
- Plateforme de Recherche Clinique de l'Est Parisien (URCEST-CRCEST-CRB), Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Saint-Antoine Hospital, France
| | - Irina Giurgea
- Département de Génétique médicale, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Trousseau, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Bastard
- Département de Biochimie, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Tenon, France
| | - Soraya Fellahi
- Département de Biochimie, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Tenon, France
| | - Samuel Deshayes
- Centre de référence des maladies auto-inflammatoires et des amyloses d'origine inflammatoire (CEREMAIA), Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Tenon, France.,Service de médecine interne, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie, France
| | - Gilles Grateau
- Centre de référence des maladies auto-inflammatoires et des amyloses d'origine inflammatoire (CEREMAIA), Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Tenon, France
| | - Hafid Ait Oufella
- Inserm U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre, Université René Descartes, France.,Service de Réanimation-Médecine intensive, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, France
| | - Sophie Georgin-Lavialle
- Centre de référence des maladies auto-inflammatoires et des amyloses d'origine inflammatoire (CEREMAIA), Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Tenon, France
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Ajmani S, Singh H, Chaturvedi S, Mishra R, Rai MK, Jain A, Misra DP, Agarwal V. Utility of neutrophil CD64 and serum TREM-1 in distinguishing bacterial infection from disease flare in SLE and ANCA-associated vasculitis. Clin Rheumatol 2018; 38:997-1005. [PMID: 30446886 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-018-4334-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial and opportunistic infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis owing to treatment with immunosuppressants. Commonly used laboratory tests are unreliable in differentiating infection from active disease patients. Fc receptor (FcγR1 or CD64) expression on neutrophils and soluble TREM-1 (triggering receptor expressed on monocytes) are potential biomarkers of bacterial infections. Our aim was to measure the clinical usefulness of quantitative CD64 measurement on neutrophils and soluble TREM-1 measurements in differentiating bacterial infection from active disease in patients with SLE and ANCA vasculitis. Patients with bacterial infection (n = 25), active disease (n = 51), and healthy controls (n = 20) were included. Neutrophil CD64 expression using flow cytometry and sTREM-1 and procalcitonin levels by ELISA were studied. The percentage of neutrophils with CD64 expression and their mean fluorescence intensity in patients with infection (68.8 (56.9-86.5)%, 1037 (229-1828)) were significantly (p < 0.05) higher as compared to those without infection (7.7 (2.6-13.1)%, 456 (20-968)) and controls (7.05 (1.4-9.5)%, 99.5 (54.7-140.7)). The sensitivity and specificity of CD64 expression on neutrophils to diagnose bacterial infection (using a cutoff value of 30%) was 85% and 84%, respectively, whereas the sensitivity and specificity of procalcitonin was 75% and 85%, respectively. There was no significant difference in soluble TREM-1 levels between the two groups. Quantitative measurement of CD64 on neutrophils can distinguish between systemic infection and the flare of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajal Ajmani
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rae Bariely Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226014, India
| | - Harshit Singh
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rae Bariely Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226014, India
| | - Saurabh Chaturvedi
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rae Bariely Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226014, India
| | - Ravi Mishra
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rae Bariely Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226014, India
| | - Mohit Kumar Rai
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rae Bariely Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226014, India
| | - Avinash Jain
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rae Bariely Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226014, India
| | - Durga Prasanna Misra
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rae Bariely Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226014, India
| | - Vikas Agarwal
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rae Bariely Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226014, India.
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Effect of TREM-1 blockade and single nucleotide variants in experimental renal injury and kidney transplantation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38275. [PMID: 27928159 PMCID: PMC5143803 DOI: 10.1038/srep38275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal ischemia reperfusion (IR)-injury induces activation of innate immune response which sustains renal injury and contributes to the development of delayed graft function (DGF). Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) is a pro-inflammatory evolutionary conserved pattern recognition receptor expressed on a variety of innate immune cells. TREM-1 expression increases following acute and chronic renal injury. However, the function of TREM-1 in renal IR is still unclear. Here, we investigated expression and function of TREM-1 in a murine model of renal IR using different TREM-1 inhibitors: LP17, LR12 and TREM-1 fusion protein. In a human study, we analyzed the association of non-synonymous single nucleotide variants in the TREM1 gene in a cohort comprising 1263 matching donors and recipients with post-transplant outcomes, including DGF. Our findings demonstrated that, following murine IR, renal TREM-1 expression increased due to the influx of Trem1 mRNA expressing cells detected by in situ hybridization. However, TREM-1 interventions by means of LP17, LR12 and TREM-1 fusion protein did not ameliorate IR-induced injury. In the human renal transplant cohort, donor and recipient TREM1 gene variant p.Thr25Ser was not associated with DGF, nor with biopsy-proven rejection or death-censored graft failure. We conclude that TREM-1 does not play a major role during experimental renal IR and after kidney transplantation.
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Bassyouni IH, Fawzi S, Gheita TA, Bassyouni RH, Nasr AS, El Bakry SA, Afifi N. Clinical Association of a Soluble Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells-1 (sTREM-1) in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Immunol Invest 2016; 46:38-47. [PMID: 27648678 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2016.1211140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily with an established role in innate and adaptive immune response. We aimed to determine the plasma concentrations and clinical association of sTREM-1 in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) patients. Plasma from 79 SLE patients and 35 normal healthy subjects were assayed for sTREM-1 and IL-6 levels using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbant Assay (ELISA). The clinical disease characteristics and serological data were prospectively assessed. Disease activity was scored using the SLE disease activity index. We detected significantly higher levels of sTREM-1 in plasma of SLE patients than the healthy control group. We also detected high sTREM-1 levels in subgroups of patients with neuropsychiatric manifestations (NPLE) and patients with the total high disease activity and NPLE activity. In addition, sTREM-l levels were significantly correlated with parameters of disease activity, i.e. SLEDAI score, IL-6, hypoalbuminemia. On the other hand, we did not find significant differences in sTREM-1 levels in relation to age, disease duration, medications, ESR, other organ system involvement, or the presence of anti-dsDNA. Our preliminary data indicated that sTREM-1 levels may be an additional useful marker of disease activity in SLE. It also highlights its importance in patients with NPLE. An additional prospective longitudinal study should be carried out to support these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman H Bassyouni
- a Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Department , Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Samar Fawzi
- a Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Department , Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Tamer A Gheita
- a Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Department , Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Rasha H Bassyouni
- b Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department , Fayoum University , Fayoum , Egypt
| | - Aml S Nasr
- c Clinical Pathology Department , Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Samah A El Bakry
- d Internal Medicine Department , Division of Rheumatology, Ain Shams University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Naglaa Afifi
- d Internal Medicine Department , Division of Rheumatology, Ain Shams University , Cairo , Egypt
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Nagai M, Hirayama K, Ebihara I, Higuchi T, Shimohata H, Kobayashi M. Serum levels of the soluble haemoglobin scavenger receptor CD163 in MPO-ANCA-associated renal vasculitis. Scand J Rheumatol 2016; 45:397-403. [PMID: 27094919 DOI: 10.3109/03009742.2015.1127410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The contribution of infections to the mortality of patients with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) is important, and early and careful infection control is necessary. We investigated the usefulness of the serum-soluble haemoglobin scavenger receptor CD163 for detecting the presence of infectious complications regardless of disease activity. METHOD Soluble CD163 in serum obtained from 45 Japanese patients with myeloperoxidase (MPO)-AAV was measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We evaluated 36 samples from active-vasculitis patients, 36 samples from inactive-vasculitis patients without infection, and 19 samples from inactive-vasculitis patients with infectious complications. Serum-soluble CD163 was also measured in 15 infectious patients without vasculitis and in 30 normal controls. RESULTS The mean serum-soluble CD163 level was higher in the patients with infectious complications than in the active-vasculitis patients, inactive-vasculitis patients, and normal controls. There were significant positive correlations between serum-soluble CD163 levels and white blood cell (WBC) count, serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, and serum albumin levels, but only serum CRP levels were correlated with serum-soluble CD163 levels in a multiple regression analysis. On the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve, serum-soluble CD163 levels had 80.6% sensitivity and 86.7% specificity for differentiating patients with infection from those without infection. Among the active-vasculitis patients, the mean serum-soluble CD163 level of the patients with alveolar haemorrhage was significantly lower than that of the patients with interstitial lung diseases and that of the patients without pulmonary lesions. CONCLUSIONS The serum-soluble CD163 level may be a useful marker for the detection of infectious complications in MPO-AAV patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nagai
- a Department of Nephrology , Tokyo Medical University , Shinjuku-ku , Tokyo
| | - K Hirayama
- b Department of Nephrology , Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Centre , Ami , Ibaraki , Japan
| | - I Ebihara
- c Department of Nephrology , Mito Saiseikai General Hospital , Mito , Ibaraki , Japan
| | - T Higuchi
- d Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine , University of Tsukuba , Ibaraki , Japan
| | - H Shimohata
- b Department of Nephrology , Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Centre , Ami , Ibaraki , Japan
| | - M Kobayashi
- b Department of Nephrology , Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Centre , Ami , Ibaraki , Japan
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Lin CH, Hsieh SC, Keng LT, Lee HS, Chang HT, Liao WY, Ho CC, Yu CJ. Prospective Evaluation of Procalcitonin, Soluble Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells-1 and C-Reactive Protein in Febrile Patients with Autoimmune Diseases. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153938. [PMID: 27096761 PMCID: PMC4838219 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Both procalcitonin (PCT) and soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (sTREM-1) have been investigated separately as indicators of infection in patients with autoimmune diseases. Our study simultaneously evaluated both PCT and sTREM-1 along with C-reactive protein (CRP) in febrile patients with autoimmune diseases. Methods Fifty-nine patients were enrolled in the study. The patients were categorized into the infection group (n = 24) or the disease flare group (n = 35). sTREM-1, PCT and CRP concentrations at fever onset were compared between the two groups of patients. Results sTREM-1 and CRP did not differ between the two groups. PCT [median (range), ng/ml] was higher in the infection group than in the disease flare group [0.53 (0.02–12.85) vs. 0.12 (0.02–19.23), p = 0.001]. The area under the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) for diagnosis of infection was 0.75 for PCT (p = 0.001), 0.63 for CRP (p = 0.09) and 0.52 for sTREM-1 (p = 0.79). Using 0.2 ng/ml as the cutoff value for PCT, sensitivity was 0.75 and specificity was 0.77. Negative predictive values for PCT were 92%, 87% and 82% for a prevalence of infection of 20%, 30%, and 40%, respectively. Neither immunosuppressants nor biomodulators affected the level of the three biomarkers. However, in patients treated with corticosteroids, the levels of sTREM-1 and CRP were significantly decreased compared with the untreated patients. Conclusions Setting PCT at a lower cutoff value could provide useful information on excluding infection in febrile patients with autoimmune diseases. The possible effect of corticosteroids on the level of sTREM-1 as an infection marker deserves further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chou-Han Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei city, Taiwan
| | - Song-Chou Hsieh
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ta Keng
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan
| | - Ho-Sheng Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da hospital, Kaoshiung, Taiwan
| | - Hou-Tai Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei city, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Yu Liao
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Chi Ho
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
| | - Chong-Jen Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Kronbichler A, Kerschbaum J, Gründlinger G, Leierer J, Mayer G, Rudnicki M. Evaluation and validation of biomarkers in granulomatosis with polyangiitis and microscopic polyangiitis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2015; 31:930-6. [PMID: 26410887 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfv336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies in anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) have revealed promising biomarkers. The aim of our study was to validate the most encouraging markers of granulomatosis with polyangiitis and microscopic polyangiitis identified by literature search and to create biomarker panels. METHODS A systematic literature review was performed and we identified 161 marker molecules that were ranked by their quantitative differential expression between active and inactive disease. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to validate the results in a cross-sectional cohort of patients with renal involvement. Active vasculitis as assessed by the Birmingham Vasculitis Score version 3 (BVAS v3) was defined as BVAS v3 ≥1 and inactive disease as BVAS v3 = 0. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS version 21 and the Salford Predictive Modeler 7.0 was used to generate a predictive biomarker panel. RESULTS The review indicated abundant expression of sC5bC9, C3a, C5a and monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1 in urine, whereas granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, C-reactive protein (CRP), soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1, interleukin-17A (IL-17A), C5a, hyaluronan, C3a and interleukin-18 binding protein (IL-18BP) were identified to be highly diverse in active and inactive disease in blood samples. Our cross-sectional analysis revealed significant up-regulation of CRP, C5a, C3a, IL-18BP in blood and C5a and MCP-1 in urine samples during active AAV (all P < 0.05). Creation of a biomarker panel comprising CRP and urinary MCP-1 yielded a sensitivity and specificity of 76% (area under the curve 0.89). CONCLUSIONS We identified promising biomarkers in a literature-based review that were in part corroborated as has been shown for CRP, C3a, C5a, IL-18BP in blood and MCP-1 and C5a in urine samples. Moreover, we propose a biomarker panel comprising CRP and urinary MCP-1 in patients with AAV and renal involvement. Further investigations to confirm our preliminary results are clearly warranted, including the reliability to predict disease relapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Kronbichler
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Nephrology and Hypertension), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria Vasculitis and Lupus Clinic, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, UK
| | - Julia Kerschbaum
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Nephrology and Hypertension), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Georg Gründlinger
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Nephrology and Hypertension), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Johannes Leierer
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Nephrology and Hypertension), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gert Mayer
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Nephrology and Hypertension), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michael Rudnicki
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Nephrology and Hypertension), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Flores-Suárez LF. Antineutrophil cytoplasm autoantibodies: usefulness in rheumatology. REUMATOLOGIA CLINICA 2012; 8:351-7. [PMID: 22673387 DOI: 10.1016/j.reuma.2012.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 03/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The primary vasculitidies are complex diseases with varied clinical manifestations, which may be common to those present in multiple diseases. The antineutrophil cytoplasm autoantibodies (ANCA) led to a revolution in the diagnosis and research of these diseases, being the first and so far, the only biomarkers for three of these diseases, which affect small caliber vessels. From their description, much progress has been made, but there are still gray or misunderstood areas regarding their best use in the clinic. This can lead to errors as making a positive test synonym for vasculitis, or to overestimation of its importance. This review will address aspects such as nomenclature, employment in the diagnosis and monitoring of vasculitis, their presence in other diseases, their methods of detection, and finally, some comments on other potential biomarkers in vasculitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Felipe Flores-Suárez
- Clínica de Vasculitis Sistémicas Primarias, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, México D.F., México.
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Current world literature. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2011; 22:523-9. [PMID: 22005482 DOI: 10.1097/icu.0b013e32834cb7d7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
Sepsis is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in intensive care units. There is no gold standard for diagnosing sepsis because clinical and laboratory signs are neither sensitive nor specific enough and microbiological studies often show negative results. The triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cell 1 (TREM-1) is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. Its expression is upregulated on phagocytic cells in the presence of bacteria or fungi. This article reports on the potential usefulness of the assessment of the soluble form of TREM-1 in biologic fluids in the diagnosis of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Barraud
- Medical ICU, University Hospital of Nancy, Avenue de Lattre de Tassigny, 54000 Nancy, France
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