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Lefevre E, Chasseloup F, Hage M, Chanson P, Buchfelder M, Kamenický P. Clinical and therapeutic implications of cavernous sinus invasion in pituitary adenomas. Endocrine 2024:10.1007/s12020-024-03877-2. [PMID: 38761347 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-024-03877-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Invasion of the cavernous sinus by pituitary adenomas impedes complete surgical resection, compromises biochemical remission, and increases the risk of further tumor recurrence. Accurate preoperative MRI-based diagnosis or intraoperative direct inspection of cavernous sinus invasion are essential for optimal surgical planning and for tailoring postoperative therapeutic strategies, depending on whether a total resection has been achieved, or tumoral tissue has been left in surgically inaccessible locations. The molecular mechanisms underlying the invasive behavior of pituitary adenomas remain poorly understood, hindering the development of targeted therapies. Some studies have identified genes overexpressed in pituitary adenomas invading the cavernous sinus, offering insights into the acquisition of invasive behavior. Their main limitation however lies in comparing purely intrasellar specimens obtained from invasive and non-invasive adenomas. Further, precise anatomical knowledge of the medial wall of the cavernous sinus is crucial for grasping the mechanisms of invasion. Recently, alongside the standard intrasellar surgery, extended endoscopic intracavernous surgical procedures with systematic selective resection of the medial wall of the cavernous sinus have shown promising results for invasive secreting pituitary adenomas. The first- and second-generation somatostatin agonist ligands and cabergoline are used with variable efficacy to control secretory activity and/or growth of intracavernous remnants. Tumor regrowth usually requires surgical reintervention, sometimes combined with radiotherapy or radiosurgery which is applied despite their benign nature. Unraveling the molecular pathways driving invasive behavior of pituitary adenomas and their tropism to the cavernous sinuses is the key for developing efficient innovative treatment modalities that could reduce the need for repeated surgery or radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Lefevre
- INSERM U1185, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, Université Paris-Saclay, 94276, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
- Service de Neurochirurgie, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013, Paris, France.
| | - Fanny Chasseloup
- INSERM U1185, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, Université Paris-Saclay, 94276, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, Centre de Référence des maladies Rares de l'Hypophyse, AP-HP, Hôpital Bicêtre, 94276, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Mirella Hage
- INSERM U1185, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, Université Paris-Saclay, 94276, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Philippe Chanson
- INSERM U1185, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, Université Paris-Saclay, 94276, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, Centre de Référence des maladies Rares de l'Hypophyse, AP-HP, Hôpital Bicêtre, 94276, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Michael Buchfelder
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Erlangen, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter Kamenický
- INSERM U1185, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, Université Paris-Saclay, 94276, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, Centre de Référence des maladies Rares de l'Hypophyse, AP-HP, Hôpital Bicêtre, 94276, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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Whyte E, Nezu M, Chik C, Tateno T. Update on Current Evidence for the Diagnosis and Management of Nonfunctioning Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2023; 38:631-654. [PMID: 37964483 PMCID: PMC10764990 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2023.1838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) are the third most frequently diagnosed intracranial tumors, with nonfunctioning PitNETs (nfPitNETs) accounting for 30% of all pituitary tumors and representing the most common type of macroPitNETs. NfPitNETs are usually benign tumors with no evidence of hormone oversecretion except for hyperprolactinemia secondary to pituitary stalk compression. Due to this, they do not typically present with clinical syndromes like acromegaly, Cushing's disease or hyperthyroidism and instead are identified incidentally on imaging or from symptoms of mass effects (headache, vision changes, apoplexy). With the lack of effective medical interventions, first-line treatment is transsphenoidal surgical resection, however, nfPitNETs often have supra- or parasellar extension, and total resection of the tumor is often not possible, resulting in residual tumor regrowth or reoccurrence. While functional PitNETs can be easily followed for recurrence using hormonal biomarkers, there is no similar parameter to predict recurrence in nfPitNETs, hence delaying early recognition and timely management. Therefore, there is a need to identify prognostic biomarkers that can be used for patient surveillance and as therapeutic targets. This review focuses on summarizing the current evidence on nfPitNETs, with a special focus on potential new biomarkers and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Whyte
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Masahiro Nezu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Constance Chik
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Toru Tateno
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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3
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Fan H, Zhou Z, Yu D, Sun J, Wang L, Jia Y, Tian J, Mi W, Sun H. Selective degradation of BRD4 suppresses lung cancer cell proliferation using GSH-responsive PROTAC precursors. Bioorg Chem 2023; 140:106793. [PMID: 37683536 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
BRD4,as a transcriptional and epigenetic regulator to mediate cellular functions, plays an important role in cancer development.Targeting BRD4 with conventional inhibitors in cancer therapy requires high doses, which often leads to off-target and adverse effects. BRD4-targeted proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) can catalytically degrade BRD4 utilizing the endogenous proteasome system, and exhibit promising anti-tumor activity. However, most of the developed PROTACs are non-cancer specific and relatively toxic towards normal cells, limiting their practical applications in cancer treatment. By taking advantage of higher glutathione (GSH) levels in cancer cells than that in normal cells, we developed several GSH-responsive PROTAC precursors 1a-c via the attachment of a GSH-trigger unit on the hydroxyl group of the VHL (von Hippel-Lindau) ligand for the recruitment of E3 ligase. Among the precursors, 1a can be efficiently activated by the innately higher concentrations of GSH in lung cancer cells (A549 and H1299) to release active PROTAC 1, degrading intracellular BRD4 and resulting in cytotoxicity, which is confirmed by mechanistic investigation. On the other hand, 1a cannot be efficiently triggered in normal lung cells (WI38 and HULEC-5a) containing lower levels of GSH, therefore reducing the adverse effects on normal cells. This work provides an alternative proof of concept approach for developing stimuli-responsive PROTAC precursors, and affords a novel insight to improve the selectivity and minimize the adverse effects of current PROTACs, hence enhancing their clinical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heli Fan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, PR China
| | - Zhili Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, PR China
| | - Dehao Yu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, PR China
| | - Jing Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, PR China
| | - Luo Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Jia
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, PR China
| | - Junyu Tian
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, PR China
| | - Wenyi Mi
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, PR China; The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, PR China.
| | - Huabing Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, PR China; The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, PR China.
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Zhu K, Xia Y, Tian X, He Y, Zhou J, Han R, Guo H, Song T, Chen L, Tian X. Characterization and therapeutic perspectives of differentiation-inducing therapy in malignant tumors. Front Genet 2023; 14:1271381. [PMID: 37745860 PMCID: PMC10514561 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1271381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a major public health issue globally and is one of the leading causes of death. Although available treatments improve the survival rate of some cases, many advanced tumors are insensitive to these treatments. Cancer cell differentiation reverts the malignant phenotype to its original state and may even induce differentiation into cell types found in other tissues. Leveraging differentiation-inducing therapy in high-grade tumor masses offers a less aggressive strategy to curb tumor progression and heightens chemotherapy sensitivity. Differentiation-inducing therapy has been demonstrated to be effective in a variety of tumor cells. For example, differentiation therapy has become the first choice for acute promyelocytic leukemia, with the cure rate of more than 90%. Although an appealing concept, the mechanism and clinical drugs used in differentiation therapy are still in their nascent stage, warranting further investigation. In this review, we examine the current differentiation-inducing therapeutic approach and discuss the clinical applications as well as the underlying biological basis of differentiation-inducing agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangwei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuren Xia
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xindi Tian
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuchao He
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Biofunction Research, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Chiyoda, Japan
| | - Ruyu Han
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hua Guo
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Tianqiang Song
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiangdong Tian
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Elshazly AM, Gewirtz DA. Cytoprotective, Cytotoxic and Cytostatic Roles of Autophagy in Response to BET Inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12669. [PMID: 37628849 PMCID: PMC10454099 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) family inhibitors are small molecules that target the dysregulated epigenetic readers, BRD2, BRD3, BRD4 and BRDT, at various transcription-related sites, including super-enhancers. BET inhibitors are currently under investigation both in pre-clinical cell culture and tumor-bearing animal models, as well as in clinical trials. However, as is the case with other chemotherapeutic modalities, the development of resistance is likely to constrain the therapeutic benefits of this strategy. One tumor cell survival mechanism that has been studied for decades is autophagy. Although four different functions of autophagy have been identified in the literature (cytoprotective, cytotoxic, cytostatic and non-protective), primarily the cytoprotective and cytotoxic forms appear to function in different experimental models exposed to BET inhibitors (with some evidence for the cytostatic form). This review provides an overview of the cytoprotective, cytotoxic and cytostatic functions of autophagy in response to BET inhibitors in various tumor models. Our aim is to determine whether autophagy targeting or modulation could represent an effective therapeutic strategy to enhance the response to these modalities and also potentially overcome resistance to BET inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M. Elshazly
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, 401 College St., Richmond, VA 23298, USA;
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - David A. Gewirtz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, 401 College St., Richmond, VA 23298, USA;
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Szabó B, Németh K, Mészáros K, Krokker L, Likó I, Saskői É, Németh K, Szabó PT, Szücs N, Czirják S, Szalóki G, Patócs A, Butz H. Aspirin Mediates Its Antitumoral Effect Through Inhibiting PTTG1 in Pituitary Adenoma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:3066-3079. [PMID: 36059148 PMCID: PMC9681612 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT DNA demethylation and inhibitory effects of aspirin on pituitary cell proliferation have been demonstrated. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to clarify the molecular mechanisms behind the aspirin-related effects in pituitary cells. METHODS DNA methylome and whole transcriptome profile were investigated in RC-4B/C and GH3 pituitary cell lines upon aspirin treatment. Effects of aspirin and a demethylation agent, decitabine, were further tested in vitro. PTTG1 expression in 41 human PitNET samples and whole genome gene and protein expression data of 76 PitNET and 34 control samples (available in Gene Expression Omnibus) were evaluated. RESULTS Aspirin induced global DNA demethylation and consequential transcriptome changes. Overexpression of Tet enzymes and their cofactor Uhrf2 were identified behind the increase of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC). Besides cell cycle, proliferation, and migration effects that were validated by functional experiments, aspirin increased Tp53 activity through p53 acetylation and decreased E2f1 activity. Among the p53 controlled genes, Pttg1 and its interacting partners were downregulated upon aspirin treatment by inhibiting Pttg1 promoter activity. 5hmC positively correlated with Tet1-3 and Tp53 expression, and negatively correlated with Pttg1 expression, which was reinforced by the effect of decitabine. Additionally, high overlap (20.15%) was found between aspirin-regulated genes and dysregulated genes in PitNET tissue samples. CONCLUSION A novel regulatory network has been revealed, in which aspirin regulated global demethylation, Tp53 activity, and Pttg1 expression along with decreased cell proliferation and migration. 5hmC, a novel tissue biomarker in PitNET, indicated aspirin antitumoral effect in vitro as well. Our findings suggest the potential beneficial effect of aspirin in PitNET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borbála Szabó
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary
- Hereditary Tumours Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences—Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kinga Németh
- Hereditary Tumours Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences—Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katalin Mészáros
- Hereditary Tumours Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences—Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Lilla Krokker
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary
- Hereditary Tumours Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences—Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Likó
- Hereditary Tumours Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences—Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Éva Saskői
- Department of Molecular Genetics and the National Tumor Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Oncology, H-1122 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Németh
- MS Metabolomics Research Group, Centre for Structural Study, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Pál Tamás Szabó
- MS Metabolomics Research Group, Centre for Structural Study, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nikolette Szücs
- Department of Endocrinology, Internal Medicine and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sándor Czirják
- National Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, H-1145 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Szalóki
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Patócs
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary
- Hereditary Tumours Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences—Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Molecular Genetics and the National Tumor Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Oncology, H-1122 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Henriett Butz
- Correspondence: Henriett Butz MD, PhD, Hereditary Endocrine Tumours Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Semmelweis University, 4. Nagyvárad tér, H-1089, Budapest, Hungary.
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7
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Fleseriu M, Langlois F, Lim DST, Varlamov EV, Melmed S. Acromegaly: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2022; 10:804-826. [PMID: 36209758 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(22)00244-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenomas that cause acromegaly arise as monoclonal expansions of differentiated somatotroph cells and are usually sporadic. They are almost invariably benign, yet they can be locally invasive and show progressive growth despite treatment. Persistent excess of both growth hormone and its target hormone insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) results in a wide array of cardiovascular, respiratory, metabolic, musculoskeletal, neurological, and neoplastic comorbidities that might not be reversible with disease control. Normalisation of IGF-1 and growth hormone are the primary therapeutic aims; additional treatment goals include tumour shrinkage, relieving symptoms, managing complications, reducing excess morbidity, and improving quality of life. A multimodal approach with surgery, medical therapy, and (more rarely) radiation therapy is required to achieve these goals. In this Review, we examine the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, complications, and treatment of acromegaly, with an emphasis on the importance of tailoring management strategies to each patient to optimise outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Fleseriu
- Department of Medicine (Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition) and Department of Neurological Surgery, and Pituitary Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
| | - Fabienne Langlois
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux de l'Estrie-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | | | - Elena V Varlamov
- Department of Medicine (Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition) and Department of Neurological Surgery, and Pituitary Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Shlomo Melmed
- Department of Medicine and Pituitary Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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8
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Li N, Desiderio DM, Zhan X. The use of mass spectrometry in a proteome-centered multiomics study of human pituitary adenomas. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2022; 41:964-1013. [PMID: 34109661 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A pituitary adenoma (PA) is a common intracranial neoplasm, and is a complex, chronic, and whole-body disease with multicausing factors, multiprocesses, and multiconsequences. It is very difficult to clarify molecular mechanism and treat PAs from the single-factor strategy model. The rapid development of multiomics and systems biology changed the paradigms from a traditional single-factor strategy to a multiparameter systematic strategy for effective management of PAs. A series of molecular alterations at the genome, transcriptome, proteome, peptidome, metabolome, and radiome levels are involved in pituitary tumorigenesis, and mutually associate into a complex molecular network system. Also, the center of multiomics is moving from structural genomics to phenomics, including proteomics and metabolomics in the medical sciences. Mass spectrometry (MS) has been extensively used in phenomics studies of human PAs to clarify molecular mechanisms, and to discover biomarkers and therapeutic targets/drugs. MS-based proteomics and proteoform studies play central roles in the multiomics strategy of PAs. This article reviews the status of multiomics, multiomics-based molecular pathway networks, molecular pathway network-based pattern biomarkers and therapeutic targets/drugs, and future perspectives for personalized, predeictive, and preventive (3P) medicine in PAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Dominic M Desiderio
- The Charles B. Stout Neuroscience Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Xianquan Zhan
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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9
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Zheng ZZ, Xia L, Hu GS, Liu JY, Hu YH, Chen YJ, Peng JY, Zhang WJ, Liu W. Super-enhancer-controlled positive feedback loop BRD4/ERα-RET-ERα promotes ERα-positive breast cancer. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:10230-10248. [PMID: 36124682 PMCID: PMC9561272 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen and estrogen receptor alpha (ERα)-induced gene transcription is tightly associated with ERα-positive breast carcinogenesis. ERα-occupied enhancers, particularly super-enhancers, have been suggested to play a vital role in regulating such transcriptional events. However, the landscape of ERα-occupied super-enhancers (ERSEs) as well as key ERα-induced target genes associated with ERSEs remain to be fully characterized. Here, we defined the landscape of ERSEs in ERα-positive breast cancer cell lines, and demonstrated that bromodomain protein BRD4 is a master regulator of the transcriptional activation of ERSEs and cognate ERα target genes. RET, a member of the tyrosine protein kinase family of proteins, was identified to be a key ERα target gene of BRD4-regulated ERSEs, which, in turn, is vital for ERα-induced gene transcriptional activation and malignant phenotypes through activating the RAS/RAF/MEK2/ERK/p90RSK/ERα phosphorylation cascade. Combination therapy with BRD4 and RET inhibitors exhibited additive effects on suppressing ERα-positive breast cancer both in vitro and in vivo, comparable with that of standard endocrine therapy tamoxifen. Furthermore, combination therapy re-sensitized a tamoxifen-resistant ERα-positive breast cancer cell line to tamoxifen treatment. Taken together, our data uncovered the critical role of a super-enhancer-associated positive feedback loop constituting BRD4/ERα–RET–ERα in ERα-positive breast cancer, and suggested that targeting components in this loop would provide a new therapeutic avenue for treating ERα-positive breast cancer in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zao-Zao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Lin Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Guo-Sheng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Jun-Yi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Ya-Hong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Yu-Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Jia-Yin Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Wen-Juan Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, No. 23, Qingnian Road, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
| | - Wen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
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Zheng AC, Wang EJ, Aghi MK. Recent advancements in the molecular biology of pituitary adenomas. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2022; 17:293-304. [PMID: 35702013 DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2022.2082942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pituitary adenomas are a common and diverse group of intracranial tumors arising from the anterior pituitary that are usually slow-growing and benign, but still pose a significant healthcare burden to patients. Additionally, they are increasing in both incidence and prevalence, leading to a need for better understanding of molecular changes in the development of these tumors. AREAS COVERED A PubMed literature search was conducted using the terms 'pituitary adenoma' in combination with keywords related to secretory subtype: lactotroph, somatotroph, corticotroph, gonadotroph and null cell, in addition to their transcription factor expression: PIT1, TPIT, and SF-1. Articles resulting from this search were analyzed, as well as relevant articles cited as their references. In this review, we highlight recent advances in the genetic and epigenetic characterization of individual pituitary adenoma subtypes and the effect it may have on guiding future clinical treatment of these tumors. EXPERT OPINION Understanding the molecular biology of pituitary adenomas is a fundamental step toward advancing the treatment of these tumors. Yet crucial knowledge gaps exist in our understanding of the underlying molecular biology of pituitary adenomas which can potentially be addressed by turning to differentially activated molecular pathways in tumor relative to normal gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison C Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery; University of California at San Francisco (UCSF) San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Elaina J Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery; Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University Providence, RI, USA
| | - Manish K Aghi
- Department of Neurosurgery; University of California at San Francisco (UCSF) San Francisco, CA, USA
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11
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Fu R, Zu SJ, Liu YJ, Li JC, Dang WZ, Liao LP, Liu LP, Chen PY, Huang HM, Wu KH, Zhou B, Pan Q, Luo C, Zhang YY, Li GM. Selective bromodomain and extra-terminal bromodomain inhibitor inactivates macrophages and hepatic stellate cells to inhibit liver inflammation and fibrosis. Bioengineered 2022; 13:10914-10930. [PMID: 35499161 PMCID: PMC9278415 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2066756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis occurs following inflammation triggered by the integrated actions of activated liver-resident macrophages (Kupffer cells) and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), and the multiplicity of these mechanisms complicates drug therapy. Here, we demonstrate that the selective bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) bromodomain inhibitor compound38 can block both the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways in macrophages, which decreased their secretion of proinflammatory cytokines in a dose-dependent manner. The inactivation of macrophages attenuated lipopolysaccharide-induced injurious inflammation concurrent with a reduction in F4/80+ cells, proinflammatory cytokine levels, and neutrophil infiltration. Moreover, compound 38 inhibited the Wnt/β-catenin and transforming growth factor-beta/SMAD signaling pathways to abolish the activation of HSCs. In vivo, compound 38 significantly decreased the collagen deposition and fibrotic area of a CCl4-induced liver fibrosis model, and restored the deficiency of activated HSCs and the upregulation of liver inflammation. These results highlight the potential role of compound 38 in treating liver fibrosis considering its simultaneous inhibitory effects on liver inflammation and related fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Fu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, Yangpu District, China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, Zuchongzhi District, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi-Jia Zu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, Zuchongzhi District, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huairou District, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Jun Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, Yangpu District, China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, Zuchongzhi District, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Cheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, Zuchongzhi District, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Zhen Dang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, Zuchongzhi District, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Ping Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, Zuchongzhi District, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Ping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, Zuchongzhi District, Shanghai, China
| | - Pan-Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, Zuchongzhi District, Shanghai, China
| | - He-Ming Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, Zuchongzhi District, Shanghai, China
| | - Kang-Hui Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, Yangpu District, China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, Zuchongzhi District, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, Zuchongzhi District, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Pan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, Yangpu District, China
- Research center, Zhoupu Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, Zhouyuan District, China
| | - Cheng Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, Zuchongzhi District, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huairou District, Beijing, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesCAS, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, Zuchongzhi District, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huairou District, Beijing, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesCAS, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guang-Ming Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, Yangpu District, China
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12
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Yang T, Hu Y, Miao J, Chen J, Liu J, Cheng Y, Gao X. A BRD4 PROTAC nanodrug for glioma therapy via the intervention of tumor cells proliferation, apoptosis and M2 macrophages polarization. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:2658-2671. [PMID: 35755286 PMCID: PMC9214068 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioma is a primary aggressive brain tumor with high recurrence rate. The poor efficiency of chemotherapeutic drugs crossing the blood‒brain barrier (BBB) is well-known as one of the main challenges for anti-glioma therapy. Moreover, massive infiltrated tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in glioma further thwart the drug efficacy. Herein, a therapeutic nanosystem (SPP-ARV-825) is constructed by incorporating the BRD4-degrading proteolytic targeting chimera (PROTAC) ARV-825 into the complex micelle (SPP) composed of substance P (SP) peptide-modified poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(d,l-lactic acid)(SP-PEG-PDLLA) and methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(d,l-lactic acid) (mPEG-PDLLA, PP), which could penetrate BBB and target brain tumor. Subsequently, released drug engenders antitumor effect via attenuating cells proliferation, inducing cells apoptosis and suppressing M2 macrophages polarization through the inhibition of IRF4 promoter transcription and phosphorylation of STAT6, STAT3 and AKT. Taken together, our work demonstrates the versatile role and therapeutic efficacy of SPP-ARV-825 micelle against glioma, which may provide a novel strategy for glioma therapy in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery and Institute of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuzhu Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery and Institute of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Junming Miao
- Department of Neurosurgery and Institute of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery and Institute of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jiagang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery and Institute of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yongzhong Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery and Institute of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery and Institute of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +86 28 85422136, fax +86 28 85502796.
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Shi M, He J, Weng T, Shi N, Qi W, Guo Y, Chen T, Chen L, Xu D. The binding mechanism of NHWD-870 to bromodomain-containing protein 4 based on molecular dynamics simulations and free energy calculation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:5125-5137. [PMID: 35156677 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05490b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) proteins (BRD2, BRD3, BRD4, and BRDT) are epigenetic readers with tandem bromodomains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingsong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Jun He
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Tiantian Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Na Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Wenyan Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Tao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Lijuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Dingguo Xu
- College of Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
- Research Center for Material Genome Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
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14
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Yang J, Song C, Zhan X. The role of protein acetylation in carcinogenesis and targeted drug discovery. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:972312. [PMID: 36171897 PMCID: PMC9510633 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.972312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein acetylation is a reversible post-translational modification, and is involved in many biological processes in cells, such as transcriptional regulation, DNA damage repair, and energy metabolism, which is an important molecular event and is associated with a wide range of diseases such as cancers. Protein acetylation is dynamically regulated by histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs) in homeostasis. The abnormal acetylation level might lead to the occurrence and deterioration of a cancer, and is closely related to various pathophysiological characteristics of a cancer, such as malignant phenotypes, and promotes cancer cells to adapt to tumor microenvironment. Therapeutic modalities targeting protein acetylation are a potential therapeutic strategy. This article discussed the roles of protein acetylation in tumor pathology and therapeutic drugs targeting protein acetylation, which offers the contributions of protein acetylation in clarification of carcinogenesis, and discovery of therapeutic drugs for cancers, and lays the foundation for precision medicine in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingru Yang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Cong Song
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Xianquan Zhan
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Xianquan Zhan,
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15
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The intestinal flora of patients with GHPA affects the growth and the expression of PD-L1 of tumor. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2021; 71:1233-1245. [PMID: 34647152 PMCID: PMC9016060 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-021-03080-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Context Pituitary adenoma (PA) is a common intracranial tumor. The evidence indicates that the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) is associated with PA and that the intestinal flora influences other tumors' growth through interacting with the TIME. However, how the intestinal microbial flora contributes to the development of PA through the immune response is unknown.
Objective and methods Here we used high-throughput Illumina MiSeq sequencing targeting the V3−V4 region of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene to investigate the intestinal flora of patients with growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenoma (GHPA), nonfunctional pituitary adenoma (NFPA), and healthy controls. We determined their effects on tumor growth and the TIME. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) was performed after adoptive transfer via peripheral blood mononuclear cells to tumor-bearing nude mice, which allowed the study of the immune response. Result We discovered differences in the structures and quantities of intestinal flora between patients with GHPA, patients with NFPA, and healthy controls. After FMT, the intestinal flora of GHPA patients promoted the growth of tumors in mouse models. The number of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1)-positive cells increased in tumor tissues as well as the extent of infiltration of CD8+ cells. Increased numbers of CD3+CD8+ cells and increased levels of sPD-L1 were detected in peripheral blood. Conclusion These findings indicated that the intestinal flora of patients with GHPA promoted tumor growth and that the immune system may mediate this change. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00262-021-03080-6.
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Wu C, Cheng D, Peng Y, Li Y, Fu C, Wang Y, Fu L, Peng S, Ni X. Hepatic BRD4 Is Upregulated in Liver Fibrosis of Various Etiologies and Positively Correlated to Fibrotic Severity. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:683506. [PMID: 34336890 PMCID: PMC8317578 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.683506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) has been implicated to play a regulatory role in fibrogenic gene expression in animal models of liver fibrosis. The potential role of BRD4 in liver fibrosis in humans remains unclear. We sought to investigate the expression and cellular localization of BRD4 in fibrotic liver tissues. Human liver tissues were collected from healthy individuals and patients with liver fibrosis of various etiologies. RNA-seq showed that hepatic BRD4 mRNA was elevated in patients with liver fibrosis compared with that in healthy controls. Subsequent multiple manipulations such as western blotting, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and dual immunofluorescence analysis confirmed the abnormal elevation of the BRD4 expression in liver fibrosis of various etiologies compared to healthy controls. BRD4 expression was positively correlated with the severity of liver fibrosis, and also correlated with the serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase and total bilirubin. Moreover, the expression of C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 6 (CXCL6), a factor interplayed with BRD4, was increased in hepatic tissues of the patients with liver fibrosis. Its expression level was positively correlated with BRD4 level. BRD4 is up-regulated in liver fibrosis, regardless of etiology, and its increased expression is positively correlated with higher degrees of liver fibrosis. Our data indicate that BRD4 play a critical role in the progress of liver fibrosis, and it holds promise as a potential target for intervention of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cichun Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Da Cheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yanghui Peng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chunyan Fu
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lei Fu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shifang Peng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xin Ni
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China.,International Collaborative Research Center for Medical Metabolomics, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
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Pituitary Adenomas: From Diagnosis to Therapeutics. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9050494. [PMID: 33946142 PMCID: PMC8146984 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9050494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pituitary adenomas are tumors that arise in the anterior pituitary gland. They are the third most common cause of central nervous system (CNS) tumors among adults. Most adenomas are benign and exert their effect via excess hormone secretion or mass effect. Clinical presentation of pituitary adenoma varies based on their size and hormone secreted. Here, we review some of the most common types of pituitary adenomas, their clinical presentation, and current diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
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Zhao P, Cheng J, Li B, Nie D, Wang H, Li C, Gui S, Zhang Y. LncRNA PCAT6 regulates the progression of pituitary adenomas by regulating the miR-139-3p/BRD4 axis. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:14. [PMID: 33407504 PMCID: PMC7789787 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01698-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysregulated lncRNA PCAT6 was discovered in many cancers excluding pituitary adenomas (PA). Therefore, we explored the role of PCAT6 in PA in this research. METHODS Abnormally expressed miRNAs were analyzed by bioinformatics and RT-qPCR. The target and regulator of miR-139-3p were determined by bioinformatics, dual-luciferase reporter assay, or RIP. The correlation among PCAT6, miR-139-3p, and BRD4 was further analyzed. The viability, apoptosis, cell cycle distribution of PA cells, as well as their ability to invade, migrate, and proliferate, were tested after transfection through CCK-8, flow cytometry, transwell, wound healing, and colony formation assays. After construction of transplanted-tumor model in nude mice, cell apoptosis in the tumor was detected by TUNEL. The expressions of PCAT6, BRD4, miR-139-3p, and apoptosis-related factors in PA tissues, cells, or tumor tissues were detected by RT-qPCR, Western blot, or IHC. RESULTS PCAT6 and BRD4 were high-expressed but miR-139-3p was low-expressed in PA. Both the 3'-untranslated regions of PCAT6 and BRD4 mRNAs were demonstrated to contain a potential binding site for miR-139-3p. PCAT6 was positively correlated to BRD4, and miR-139-3p was negatively correlated to PCAT6 and BRD4. MiR-139-3p mimic, shPCAT6 and siBRD4 inhibited the viability, migration, invasion, and proliferation of PA cells while inducing apoptosis. MiR-139-3p mimic and shPCAT6 inhibited the cell cycle progression of PA cells, decreased the weight and volume of the xenotransplanted tumor, and reduced the levels of Bcl-2 and BRD4 while enhancing the levels of Bax, miR-139-3p, and Cleaved caspase-3. MiR-139-3p inhibitor caused the opposite effect of miR-139-3p mimic and further reversed the effect of shPCAT6 on on PA cells. CONCLUSION PCAT6 regulated the progression of PA via modulating the miR-139-3p/BRD4 axis, which might provide a novel biomarker for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.119 South Fourth Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianhua Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.119 South Fourth Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.119 South Fourth Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, People's Republic of China
| | - Ding Nie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.119 South Fourth Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyun Wang
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuzhong Li
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Songbai Gui
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.119 South Fourth Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yazhuo Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.119 South Fourth Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, People's Republic of China
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