1
|
Folpe AL, Tetzlaff MT, Billings SD, Torres-Mora J, Borowsky AD, Santiago TC, Ameline B, Baumhoer D. Superficial Neurocristic EWSR1::FLI1 Fusion Tumor: A Distinctive, Clinically Indolent, S100 Protein/SOX10-Positive Neoplasm. Mod Pathol 2024; 37:100537. [PMID: 38866368 DOI: 10.1016/j.modpat.2024.100537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
It is now understood that identical gene fusions may be shared by different entities. We report a distinctive neoplasm of the skin and subcutis, harboring the Ewing sarcoma-associated EWSR1::FLI1 fusion but differing otherwise from Ewing sarcoma. Slides and blocks for 5 cutaneous neoplasms coded as other than Ewing sarcoma and harboring EWSR1::FLI1 were retrieved. Immunohistochemical and molecular genetic results were abstracted from reports. Methylation profiling was performed. Clinical information was obtained. The tumors occurred in 4 men and 1 woman (median: 25 years of age; range: 19-69 years) and involved the skin/subcutis of the back (2), thigh, buttock, and chest wall (median: 2.4 cm; range: 1-11 cm). Two tumors were present "years" before coming to clinical attention. The lesions were multinodular and circumscribed and consisted of nests of bland, round cells admixed with hyalinized collagenous bands containing spindled cells. Hemorrhage and cystic change were often present; necrosis was absent. All were diffusely S100 protein/SOX10-positive; 4 of 5 were CD99-negative. One tested case was strongly positive for NKX2.2. A variety of other tested markers were either focally positive (glial fibrillary acidic protein, p63) or negative. Molecular genetic results were as follows: EWSR1 exon 7::FLI1 exon 8, EWSR1 exon 11::FLI1 exon 5, EWSR1 exon 11::FLI1 exon 6, EWSR1 exon 7::FLI1 exon 6, and EWSR1 exon 10::FLI1 exon 6. Methylation profiling (3 cases) showed these to form a unique cluster, distinct from Ewing sarcoma. All patients underwent excision with negative margins; one received 1 cycle of chemotherapy. Clinical follow-up showed all patients to be alive without disease (median: 17 months; range: 11-62 months). Despite similar gene fusions, the morphologic, immunohistochemical, epigenetic, and clinical features of these unique EWSR1::FLI1-fused neoplasms of the skin and subcutis differ substantially from Ewing sarcoma. Interestingly, EWSR1 rearrangements involved exons 10 or 11, only rarely seen in Ewing sarcoma, in a majority of cases. Superficial neurocristic EWSR1::FLI1 fusion tumors should be rigorously distinguished from true cutaneous Ewing sarcomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew L Folpe
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
| | - Michael T Tetzlaff
- Departments of Pathology and Dermatology, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Steven D Billings
- Department of Pathology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jorge Torres-Mora
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | | | - Baptiste Ameline
- Bone Tumor Reference Center at the Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Baumhoer
- Bone Tumor Reference Center at the Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Basel Research Centre for Child Health, Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Na B, Shah SR, Vasudevan HN. Past, Present, and Future Therapeutic Strategies for NF-1-Associated Tumors. Curr Oncol Rep 2024; 26:706-713. [PMID: 38709422 PMCID: PMC11169015 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-024-01527-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1) is a cancer predisposition syndrome caused by mutations in the NF1 tumor suppressor gene that encodes the neurofibromin protein, which functions as a negative regulator of Ras signaling. We review the past, current, and future state of therapeutic strategies for tumors associated with NF-1. RECENT FINDINGS Therapeutic efforts for NF-1-associated tumors have centered around inhibiting Ras output, leading to the clinical success of downstream MEK inhibition for plexiform neurofibromas and low-grade gliomas. However, MEK inhibition and similar molecular monotherapy approaches that block Ras signaling do not work for all patients and show limited efficacy for more aggressive cancers such as malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors and high-grade gliomas, motivating novel treatment approaches. We highlight the current therapeutic landscape for NF-1-associated tumors, broadly categorizing treatment into past strategies for serial Ras pathway blockade, current approaches targeting parallel oncogenic and tumor suppressor pathways, and future avenues of investigation leveraging biologic and technical innovations in immunotherapy, pharmacology, and gene delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian Na
- Department of Neurology, UCLA Neuro-Oncology Program, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Shilp R Shah
- Samueli School of Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Harish N Vasudevan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Grübel N, Antoniadis G, König R, Wirtz CR, Bremer J, Pala A, Reuter M, Pedro MT. Case report: Atypical neurofibromatous neoplasm with uncertain biological potential of the sciatic nerve and a widespread arteriovenous fistula mimicking a malignant peripheral nerve tumor in a young patient with neurofibromatosis type 1. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1391456. [PMID: 38800392 PMCID: PMC11116620 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1391456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
We report an unusual constellation of diseases in a 32-year-old woman with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) diagnosed with the recently described precursor entity of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST), the so-called atypical neurofibromatous neoplasm with unknown biological potential (ANNUBP) and a large symptomatic cervical arteriovenous fistula. An [18F] 2-Fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose PET/CT (FDG-PET/CT) was performed to detect and stage a conspicuous symptomatic cervical tumor. The FDG-PET/CT showed high FDG uptake in one of the multiple known tumorous lesions associated with peripheral nerves. However, no relevant FDP uptake was observed in this affected cervical area. After digital subtraction angiography, the cervical mass turned out to be a widespread arteriovenous fistula of the vertebral artery. This was successfully treated using endovascular embolization. Subsequently, magnet resonance imaging (MRI) of the FDG-positive tumor revealed a well-enhanced homogeneous mass of the sciatic nerve measuring 5.2×2.4×2.8 cm. Microsurgical gross total tumor resection was performed using ultrasound. The final histopathological diagnosis was ANNUBP transformed from neurofibroma. The patient benefited excellently from the surgery; no recurrence or metastasis has been observed since resection. According to imaging, ANNUBP can be characterized as a well-enhanced homogeneous mass on MRI, displaying high uptake on FDG-PET/CT and hypoechogenic in ultrasound.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Grübel
- Peripheral Nerve Unit, Department of Neurosurgery, Bezirkskrankenhaus (BKH) Günzburg at Ulm University, Günzburg, Germany
| | - Gregor Antoniadis
- Peripheral Nerve Unit, Department of Neurosurgery, Bezirkskrankenhaus (BKH) Günzburg at Ulm University, Günzburg, Germany
| | - Ralph König
- Peripheral Nerve Unit, Department of Neurosurgery, Bezirkskrankenhaus (BKH) Günzburg at Ulm University, Günzburg, Germany
| | - Christian Rainer Wirtz
- Peripheral Nerve Unit, Department of Neurosurgery, Bezirkskrankenhaus (BKH) Günzburg at Ulm University, Günzburg, Germany
| | - Juliane Bremer
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andrej Pala
- Peripheral Nerve Unit, Department of Neurosurgery, Bezirkskrankenhaus (BKH) Günzburg at Ulm University, Günzburg, Germany
| | - Melanie Reuter
- Department of Neuroradiology, BKH Günzburg at Ulm University, Günzburg, Germany
| | - Maria Teresa Pedro
- Peripheral Nerve Unit, Department of Neurosurgery, Bezirkskrankenhaus (BKH) Günzburg at Ulm University, Günzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mitchell DK, Burgess B, White EE, Smith AE, Potchanant EAS, Mang H, Hickey BE, Lu Q, Qian S, Bessler W, Li X, Jiang L, Brewster K, Temm C, Horvai A, Albright EA, Fishel ML, Pratilas CA, Angus SP, Clapp DW, Rhodes SD. Spatial Gene-Expression Profiling Unveils Immuno-oncogenic Programs of NF1-Associated Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor Progression. Clin Cancer Res 2024; 30:1038-1053. [PMID: 38127282 PMCID: PMC11095977 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-23-2548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Plexiform neurofibromas (PNF) are benign peripheral nerve sheath tumors (PNST) associated with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). Despite similar histologic appearance, these neoplasms exhibit diverse evolutionary trajectories, with a subset progressing to malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST), the leading cause of premature death in individuals with NF1. Malignant transformation of PNF often occurs through the development of atypical neurofibroma (ANF) precursor lesions characterized by distinct histopathologic features and CDKN2A copy-number loss. Although genomic studies have uncovered key driver events promoting tumor progression, the transcriptional changes preceding malignant transformation remain poorly defined. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Here we resolve gene-expression profiles in PNST across the neurofibroma-to-MPNST continuum in NF1 patients and mouse models, revealing early molecular features associated with neurofibroma evolution and transformation. RESULTS Our findings demonstrate that ANF exhibit enhanced signatures of antigen presentation and immune response, which are suppressed as malignant transformation ensues. MPNST further displayed deregulated survival and mitotic fidelity pathways, and targeting key mediators of these pathways, CENPF and BIRC5, disrupted the growth and viability of human MPNST cell lines and primary murine Nf1-Cdkn2a-mutant Schwann cell precursors. Finally, neurofibromas contiguous with MPNST manifested distinct alterations in core oncogenic and immune surveillance programs, suggesting that early molecular events driving disease progression may precede histopathologic evidence of malignancy. CONCLUSIONS If validated prospectively in future studies, these signatures may serve as molecular diagnostic tools to augment conventional histopathologic diagnosis by identifying neurofibromas at high risk of undergoing malignant transformation, facilitating risk-adapted care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dana K. Mitchell
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine
| | - Breanne Burgess
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Indiana University School of Medicine
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine
| | - Emily E. White
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Indiana University School of Medicine
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine
| | - Abbi E. Smith
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine
| | | | - Henry Mang
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine
| | - Brooke E. Hickey
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine
| | - Qingbo Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine
| | - Shaomin Qian
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine
| | - Waylan Bessler
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine
| | - Kylee Brewster
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine
| | - Constance Temm
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine
| | - Andrew Horvai
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco
| | - Eric A. Albright
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine
| | - Melissa L. Fishel
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine
| | - Christine A. Pratilas
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | - Steven P. Angus
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine
- IU Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine
| | - D. Wade Clapp
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine
- IU Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine
| | - Steven D. Rhodes
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/Stem Cell Transplant, Indiana University School of Medicine
- IU Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Na B, Shah S, Nghiemphu PL. Cancer Predisposition Syndromes in Neuro-oncology. Semin Neurol 2024; 44:16-25. [PMID: 38096910 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1777702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Although most primary central and peripheral nervous system (NS) tumors occur sporadically, there are a subset that may arise in the context of a cancer predisposition syndrome. These syndromes occur due to a pathogenic mutation in a gene that normally functions as a tumor suppressor. With increased understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of these tumors, more people have been identified with a cancer predisposition syndrome. Identification is crucial, as this informs surveillance, diagnosis, and treatment options. Moreover, relatives can also be identified through genetic testing. Although there are many cancer predisposition syndromes that increase the risk of NS tumors, in this review, we focus on three of the most common cancer predisposition syndromes, neurofibromatosis type 1, neurofibromatosis type 2, and tuberous sclerosis complex type 1 and type 2, emphasizing the clinical manifestations, surveillance guidelines, and treatment options.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian Na
- Department of Neurology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
| | - Shilp Shah
- Department of Bioengineering, UCLA Samueli School of Engineering, Los Angeles, California
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Patrizi S, Miele E, Falcone L, Vallese S, Rossi S, Barresi S, Giovannoni I, Pedace L, Nardini C, Masier I, Abballe L, Cacchione A, Russo I, Di Giannatale A, Di Ruscio V, Salgado CM, Mastronuzzi A, Ciolfi A, Tartaglia M, Milano GM, Locatelli F, Alaggio R. Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) and MPNST-like entities are defined by a specific DNA methylation profile in pediatric and juvenile population. Clin Epigenetics 2024; 16:9. [PMID: 38178234 PMCID: PMC10768529 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-023-01621-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) account for 3-10% of pediatric sarcomas, 50% of which occur in neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). Sporadic MPNSTs diagnosis may be challenging due to the absence of specific markers, apart from immunohistochemical H3K27me3 loss. DNA methylation (DNAm) profiling is a useful tool for brain and mesenchymal neoplasms categorization, and MPNSTs exhibit a specific DNAm signature. An MPNST-like group has recently been recognized, including pediatric tumors with retained H3K27me3 mark and clinical/histological features not yet well explored. This study aims to characterize the DNAm profile of pediatric/juvenile MPNSTs/MPNST-like entities and its diagnostic/prognostic relevance. RESULTS We studied 42 tumors from two groups. Group 1 included 32 tumors histologically diagnosed as atypical neurofibroma (ANF) (N = 5) or MPNST (N = 27); group 2 comprised 10 tumors classified as MPNST-like according to Heidelberg sarcoma classifier. We performed further immunohistochemical and molecular tests to reach an integrated diagnosis. In group 1, DNAm profiling was inconclusive for ANF; while, it confirmed the original diagnosis in 12/27 MPNSTs, all occurring in NF1 patients. Five/27 MPNSTs were classified as MPNST-like: Integrated diagnosis confirmed MPNST identity for 3 cases; while, the immunophenotype supported the change to high-grade undifferentiated spindle cell sarcoma in 2 samples. The remaining 10/27 MPNSTs variably classified as schwannoma, osteosarcoma, BCOR-altered sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS)-MYOD1 mutant, RMS-like, and embryonal RMS or did not match with any defined entity. Molecular analysis and histologic review confirmed the diagnoses of BCOR, RMS-MYOD1 mutant, DICER1-syndrome and ERMS. Group 2 samples included 5 high-grade undifferentiated sarcomas/MPNSTs and 5 low-grade mesenchymal neoplasms. Two high-grade and 4 low-grade lesions harbored tyrosine kinase (TRK) gene fusions. By HDBSCAN clustering analysis of the whole cohort we identified two clusters mainly distinguished by H3K27me3 epigenetic signature. Exploring the copy number variation, high-grade tumors showed frequent chromosomal aberrations and CDKN2A/B loss significantly impacted on survival in the MPNSTs cohort. CONCLUSION DNAm profiling is a useful tool in diagnostic work-up of MPNSTs. Its application in a retrospective series collected during pre-molecular era contributed to classify morphologic mimics. The methylation group MPNST-like is a 'hybrid' category in pediatrics including high-grade and low-grade tumors mainly characterized by TRK alterations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Patrizi
- Onco-Hematology, Cell Therapy, Gene Therapies and Hemopoietic Transplant, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Evelina Miele
- Onco-Hematology, Cell Therapy, Gene Therapies and Hemopoietic Transplant, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | - Lorenza Falcone
- Pathology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Pathology Unit, Augusto Murri Hospital, Azienda Sanitaria Territoriale di Fermo - Marche, Fermo, Italy
| | - Silvia Vallese
- Pathology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Sabrina Rossi
- Pathology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Sabina Barresi
- Pathology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Lucia Pedace
- Onco-Hematology, Cell Therapy, Gene Therapies and Hemopoietic Transplant, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Nardini
- Onco-Hematology, Cell Therapy, Gene Therapies and Hemopoietic Transplant, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Masier
- Onco-Hematology, Cell Therapy, Gene Therapies and Hemopoietic Transplant, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Luana Abballe
- Onco-Hematology, Cell Therapy, Gene Therapies and Hemopoietic Transplant, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Cacchione
- Onco-Hematology, Cell Therapy, Gene Therapies and Hemopoietic Transplant, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Ida Russo
- Onco-Hematology, Cell Therapy, Gene Therapies and Hemopoietic Transplant, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Di Giannatale
- Onco-Hematology, Cell Therapy, Gene Therapies and Hemopoietic Transplant, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Di Ruscio
- Onco-Hematology, Cell Therapy, Gene Therapies and Hemopoietic Transplant, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Maria Salgado
- Division of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Angela Mastronuzzi
- Onco-Hematology, Cell Therapy, Gene Therapies and Hemopoietic Transplant, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Ciolfi
- Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Maria Milano
- Onco-Hematology, Cell Therapy, Gene Therapies and Hemopoietic Transplant, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Franco Locatelli
- Onco-Hematology, Cell Therapy, Gene Therapies and Hemopoietic Transplant, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Rita Alaggio
- Pathology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ida CM, Aldape K. Atypical neurofibromatous lesions: Epigenetic cousins of other benign peripheral nerve sheath tumors? Neuro Oncol 2023; 25:1656-1657. [PMID: 37119018 PMCID: PMC10484174 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noad083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane M Ida
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Kenneth Aldape
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|