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Cao H. Windmills in the brain: the radiomic pursuit of MGMT status in gliomas. Eur Radiol 2024:10.1007/s00330-024-10858-6. [PMID: 38898144 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-024-10858-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Hang Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun St, Beijing, 100053, China.
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2
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Gue R, Lakhani DA. The 2021 World Health Organization Central Nervous System Tumor Classification: The Spectrum of Diffuse Gliomas. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1349. [PMID: 38927556 PMCID: PMC11202067 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12061349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The 2021 edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of central nervous system tumors introduces significant revisions across various tumor types. These updates, encompassing changes in diagnostic techniques, genomic integration, terminology, and grading, are crucial for radiologists, who play a critical role in interpreting brain tumor imaging. Such changes impact the diagnosis and management of nearly all central nervous system tumor categories, including the reclassification, addition, and removal of specific tumor entities. Given their pivotal role in patient care, radiologists must remain conversant with these revisions to effectively contribute to multidisciplinary tumor boards and collaborate with peers in neuro-oncology, neurosurgery, radiation oncology, and neuropathology. This knowledge is essential not only for accurate diagnosis and staging, but also for understanding the molecular and genetic underpinnings of tumors, which can influence treatment decisions and prognostication. This review, therefore, focuses on the most pertinent updates concerning the classification of adult diffuse gliomas, highlighting the aspects most relevant to radiological practice. Emphasis is placed on the implications of new genetic information on tumor behavior and imaging findings, providing necessary tools to stay abreast of advancements in the field. This comprehensive overview aims to enhance the radiologist's ability to integrate new WHO classification criteria into everyday practice, ultimately improving patient outcomes through informed and precise imaging assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Racine Gue
- Department of Neuroradiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Dhairya A. Lakhani
- Department of Neuroradiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
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3
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Halldorsson S, Nagymihaly RM, Patel A, Brandal P, Panagopoulos I, Leske H, Lund-Iversen M, Sahm F, Vik-Mo EO. Accurate and comprehensive evaluation of O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase promoter methylation by nanopore sequencing. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2024; 50:e12984. [PMID: 38783575 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
AIMS The methylation status of the O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter region is essential in evaluating the prognosis and predicting the drug response in patients with glioblastoma. In this study, we evaluated the utility of using nanopore long-read sequencing as a method for assessing methylation levels throughout the MGMT CpG-island, compared its performance to established techniques and demonstrated its clinical applicability. METHODS We analysed 165 samples from CNS tumours, focusing on the MGMT CpG-island using nanopore sequencing. Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) MinION and PromethION flow cells were employed for single sample or barcoded assays, guided by a CRISPR/Cas9 protocol, adaptive sampling or as part of a whole genome sequencing assay. Methylation data obtained through nanopore sequencing were compared to results obtained via pyrosequencing and methylation bead arrays. Hierarchical clustering was applied to nanopore sequencing data for patient stratification. RESULTS Nanopore sequencing displayed a strong correlation (R2 = 0.91) with pyrosequencing results for the four CpGs of MGMT analysed by both methods. The MGMT-STP27 algorithm's classification was effectively reproduced using nanopore data. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering revealed distinct patterns in methylated and unmethylated samples, providing comparable survival prediction capabilities. Nanopore sequencing yielded high-confidence results in a rapid timeframe, typically within hours of sequencing, and extended the analysis to all 98 CpGs of the MGMT CpG-island. CONCLUSIONS This study presents nanopore sequencing as a valid and efficient method for determining MGMT promotor methylation status. It offers a comprehensive view of the MGMT promoter methylation landscape, which enables the identification of potentially clinically relevant subgroups of patients. Further exploration of the clinical implications of patient stratification using nanopore sequencing of MGMT is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Skarphedinn Halldorsson
- Vilhelm Magnus Laboratory, Institute for Surgical Research, Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Richard Mark Nagymihaly
- Vilhelm Magnus Laboratory, Institute for Surgical Research, Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Areeba Patel
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- CCU Neuropathology, German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Petter Brandal
- Section for Cancer Cytogenetics, Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ioannis Panagopoulos
- Section for Cancer Cytogenetics, Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Henning Leske
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Felix Sahm
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- CCU Neuropathology, German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Einar O Vik-Mo
- Vilhelm Magnus Laboratory, Institute for Surgical Research, Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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4
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Irshad HA, Shaikh T, Shakir M, Gilani A. Molecular profiling of brain tumors in LMICs: Achievable or impossible? J Cancer Policy 2024; 40:100481. [PMID: 38679320 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpo.2024.100481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Taha Shaikh
- Medical College, Aga Khan University, Karachi 74800, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shakir
- Department of Neurosurgery, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi 74800, Pakistan
| | - Ahmed Gilani
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
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5
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Rich K, Tosefsky K, Martin KC, Bashashati A, Yip S. Practical Application of Deep Learning in Diagnostic Neuropathology-Reimagining a Histological Asset in the Era of Precision Medicine. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1976. [PMID: 38893099 PMCID: PMC11171052 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16111976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
In the past few decades, neuropathology has experienced several paradigm shifts with the introduction of new technologies. Deep learning, a rapidly progressing subfield of machine learning, seems to be the next innovation to alter the diagnostic workflow. In this review, we will explore the recent changes in the field of neuropathology and how this has led to an increased focus on molecular features in diagnosis and prognosis. Then, we will examine the work carried out to train deep learning models for various diagnostic tasks in neuropathology, as well as the machine learning frameworks they used. Focus will be given to both the challenges and successes highlighted therein, as well as what these trends may tell us about future roadblocks in the widespread adoption of this new technology. Finally, we will touch on recent trends in deep learning, as applied to digital pathology more generally, and what this may tell us about the future of deep learning applications in neuropathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Rich
- Bioinformatics Graduate Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada;
| | - Kira Tosefsky
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; (K.T.); (K.C.M.)
| | - Karina C. Martin
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; (K.T.); (K.C.M.)
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Ali Bashashati
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Stephen Yip
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; (K.T.); (K.C.M.)
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
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Zhu P, Wu H, Zheng B, Wang H, Zou Y. Elucidating the impact of parthanatos-related microRNAs on the tumoral immune microenvironment and clinical outcome in low-grade gliomas. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:153. [PMID: 38730061 PMCID: PMC11087408 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-024-01025-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Parthanatos, a cell death mechanism triggered by PARP-1 activation, is implicated in oncogenic processes, yet their role in low-grade gliomas (LGG) remains poorly understood. This research investigates Parthanatos-related miRNAs' prognostic and immunomodulatory potential, alongside their influence on therapeutic outcomes in LGGs. Comprehensive miRNA and mRNA profiles of LGG patients were extracted from TCGA and CGGA databases, integrating clinical parameters to identify Parthanatos-associated miRNAs. IHC data validated the expression levels of Parthanatos-related genes in glioma versus normal brain tissues. Protein-protein interaction networks and Spearman correlation analysis facilitated the identification of key miRNAs. Parthanatos-related miRNA indices (PMI) were screened using Lasso and assessed for their accuracy in predicting prognosis, comparing their associated potential molecular functions and heterogeneity of the immune microenvironment. Drug sensitivity was assessed between different groups and optimal therapeutic agents were predicted. Validate the expression levels of key miRNAs by qPCR. Ninety-one miRNAs significantly associated with Parthanatos were screened, through which a PMI prognosis model of nine miRNAs was constructed. The PMI score was able to independently predict the prognosis of patients with LGG, and the nomogram constructed based on the PMI provided a practical tool for clinical prediction of patient prognosis. The proportion of immune response was lower in patients in the high-risk group, and there were significant differences in drug sensitivity between different risk classes, while drugs such as Fasudil were identified as the most promising therapeutic agents for patients in the high-risk group. Our findings highlight the critical role of Parthanatos-associated miRNAs in the progression and treatment of LGG, offering novel insights into their prognostic value and therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penglei Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wenzhou People's Hospital, No.299, Gushan Road, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wenzhou People's Hospital, No.299, Gushan Road, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Buyi Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wenzhou People's Hospital, No.299, Gushan Road, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Nanbaixiang Street, Ouhai District, Wenzhou City, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Zou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wenzhou People's Hospital, No.299, Gushan Road, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China.
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Wagner A, Brielmaier MC, Kampf C, Baumgart L, Aftahy AK, Meyer HS, Kehl V, Höhne J, Schebesch KM, Schmidt NO, Zoubaa S, Riemenschneider MJ, Ratliff M, Enders F, von Deimling A, Liesche-Starnecker F, Delbridge C, Schlegel J, Meyer B, Gempt J. Fluorescein-stained confocal laser endomicroscopy versus conventional frozen section for intraoperative histopathological assessment of intracranial tumors. Neuro Oncol 2024; 26:922-932. [PMID: 38243410 PMCID: PMC11066924 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noae006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this clinical trial was to compare Fluorescein-stained intraoperative confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) of intracranial lesions and evaluation by a neuropathologist with routine intraoperative frozen section (FS) assessment by neuropathology. METHODS In this phase II noninferiority, prospective, multicenter, nonrandomized, off-label clinical trial (EudraCT: 2019-004512-58), patients above the age of 18 years with any intracranial lesion scheduled for elective resection were included. The diagnostic accuracies of both CLE and FS referenced with the final histopathological diagnosis were statistically compared in a noninferiority analysis, representing the primary endpoint. Secondary endpoints included the safety of the technique and time expedited for CLE and FS. RESULTS A total of 210 patients were included by 3 participating sites between November 2020 and June 2022. Most common entities were high-grade gliomas (37.9%), metastases (24.1%), and meningiomas (22.7%). A total of 6 serious adverse events in 4 (2%) patients were recorded. For the primary endpoint, the diagnostic accuracy for CLE was inferior with 0.87 versus 0.91 for FS, resulting in a difference of 0.04 (95% confidence interval -0.10; 0.02; P = .367). The median time expedited until intraoperative diagnosis was 3 minutes for CLE and 27 minutes for FS, with a mean difference of 27.5 minutes (standard deviation 14.5; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS CLE allowed for a safe and time-effective intraoperative histological diagnosis with a diagnostic accuracy of 87% across all intracranial entities included. The technique achieved histological assessments in real time with a 10-fold reduction of processing time compared to FS, which may invariably impact surgical strategy on the fly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Wagner
- Department of Neurosurgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar Technical University Munich School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Maria Charlotte Brielmaier
- Department of Neurosurgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar Technical University Munich School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Charlotte Kampf
- Department of Neurosurgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar Technical University Munich School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Lea Baumgart
- Department of Neurosurgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar Technical University Munich School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Amir Kaywan Aftahy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar Technical University Munich School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Hanno S Meyer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar Technical University Munich School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Victoria Kehl
- Institute for AI and Informatics in Medicine & Muenchner Studienzentrum (MSZ), Technical University Munich School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Julius Höhne
- Department of Neurosurgery, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, Paracelsus Medical University, Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Karl-Michael Schebesch
- Department of Neurosurgery, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, Paracelsus Medical University, Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Nils O Schmidt
- Department of Neurosurgery, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Saida Zoubaa
- Department of Neuropathology, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Miriam Ratliff
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Frederik Enders
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Andreas von Deimling
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Heidelberg and CCU Neuropathology, German Cancer Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Claire Delbridge
- Department of Neuropathology, Klinikum rechts der Isar Technical University Munich School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Juergen Schlegel
- Department of Neuropathology, Klinikum rechts der Isar Technical University Munich School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Bernhard Meyer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar Technical University Munich School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Jens Gempt
- Department of Neurosurgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar Technical University Munich School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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8
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Pöhlmann J, Weller M, Marcellusi A, Grabe-Heyne K, Krott-Coi L, Rabar S, Pollock RF. High costs, low quality of life, reduced survival, and room for improving treatment: an analysis of burden and unmet needs in glioma. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1368606. [PMID: 38571509 PMCID: PMC10987841 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1368606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are a group of heterogeneous tumors that account for substantial morbidity, mortality, and costs to patients and healthcare systems globally. Survival varies considerably by grade, histology, biomarkers, and genetic alterations such as IDH mutations and MGMT promoter methylation, and treatment, but is poor for some grades and histologies, with many patients with glioblastoma surviving less than a year from diagnosis. The present review provides an introduction to glioma, including its classification, epidemiology, economic and humanistic burden, as well as treatment options. Another focus is on treatment recommendations for IDH-mutant astrocytoma, IDH-mutant oligodendroglioma, and glioblastoma, which were synthesized from recent guidelines. While recommendations are nuanced and reflect the complexity of the disease, maximum safe resection is typically the first step in treatment, followed by radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy using temozolomide or procarbazine, lomustine, and vincristine. Immunotherapies and targeted therapies currently have only a limited role due to disappointing clinical trial results, including in recurrent glioblastoma, for which the nitrosourea lomustine remains the de facto standard of care. The lack of treatment options is compounded by frequently suboptimal clinical practice, in which patients do not receive adequate therapy after resection, including delayed, shortened, or discontinued radiotherapy and chemotherapy courses due to treatment side effects. These unmet needs will require significant efforts to address, including a continued search for novel treatment options, increased awareness of clinical guidelines, improved toxicity management for chemotherapy, and the generation of additional and more robust clinical and health economic evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Weller
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Marcellusi
- Economic Evaluation and HTA (EEHTA)-Centre for Economic and International Studies (CEIS), Faculty of Economics, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Silvia Rabar
- Covalence Research Ltd, Harpenden, United Kingdom
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Ci M, Zhao G, Li C, Liu R, Hu X, Pan J, Shen Y, Zhang G, Li Y, Zhang L, Liang P, Cui H. OTUD4 promotes the progression of glioblastoma by deubiquitinating CDK1 and activating MAPK signaling pathway. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:179. [PMID: 38429268 PMCID: PMC10907623 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06569-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma, IDH-Wild type (GBM, CNS WHO Grade 4) is a highly heterogeneous and aggressive primary malignant brain tumor with high morbidity, high mortality, and poor patient prognosis. The global burden of GBM is increasing notably due to limited treatment options, drug delivery problems, and the lack of characteristic molecular targets. OTU deubiquitinase 4 (OTUD4) is a potential predictive factor for several cancers such as breast cancer, liver cancer, and lung cancer. However, its function in GBM remains unknown. In this study, we found that high expression of OTUD4 is positively associated with poor prognosis in GBM patients. Moreover, we provided in vitro and in vivo evidence that OTUD4 promotes the proliferation and invasion of GBM cells. Mechanism studies showed that, on the one hand, OTUD4 directly interacts with cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) and stabilizes CDK1 by removing its K11, K29, and K33-linked polyubiquitination. On the other hand, OTUD4 binds to fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) and reduces FGFR1's K6 and K27-linked polyubiquitination, thereby indirectly stabilizing CDK1, ultimately influencing the activation of the downstream MAPK signaling pathway. Collectively, our results revealed that OTUD4 promotes GBM progression via OTUD4-CDK1-MAPK axis, and may be a prospective therapeutic target for GBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxin Ci
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China
| | - Gaichao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China
| | - Chongyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China
| | - Ruochen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China
| | - Xiaosong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China
| | - Jun Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China
| | - Yang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China
| | - Guanghui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China
| | - Yongsen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, The First Hospital of HeBei Medical University, Hebei, 050000, China.
| | - Ping Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China.
| | - Hongjuan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China.
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10
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Nikolova E, Laleva L, Milev M, Spiriev T, Stoyanov S, Ferdinandov D, Mitev V, Todorova A. miRNAs and related genetic biomarkers according to the WHO glioma classification: From diagnosis to future therapeutic targets. Noncoding RNA Res 2024; 9:141-152. [PMID: 38035044 PMCID: PMC10686814 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2023.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In the 2021 WHO classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System, additional molecular characteristics have been included, defining the following adult-type diffuse glioma entities: Astrocytoma IDH-mutant, Oligodendroglioma IDH-mutant and 1p/19q-codeleted, and Glioblastoma IDH-wildtype. Despite advances in genetic analysis, precision oncology, and targeted therapy, malignant adult-type diffuse gliomas remain "hard-to-treat tumors", indicating an urgent need for better diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. In the last decades, miRNA analysis has been a hotspot for researching and developing diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers for various disorders, including brain cancer. Scientific interest has recently been directed towards therapeutic applications of miRNAs, with encouraging results. Databases such as NCBI, PubMed, and Medline were searched for a selection of articles reporting the relationship between deregulated miRNAs and genetic aberrations used in the latest WHO CNS classification. The current review discussed the recommended molecular biomarkers and genetic aberrations based on the 2021 WHO classification in adult-type diffuse gliomas, along with associated deregulated miRNAs. Additionally, the study highlights miRNA-based treatment advancements in adults with gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiliya Nikolova
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University – Sofia, Sofia, 1431, Bulgaria
- Independent Medico-Diagnostic Laboratory Genome Center Bulgaria, Sofia, 1612, Bulgaria
| | - Lili Laleva
- Department of Neurosurgery, Acibadem City Clinic Tokuda University Hospital, Sofia, 1407, Bulgaria
| | - Milko Milev
- Department of Neurosurgery, Acibadem City Clinic Tokuda University Hospital, Sofia, 1407, Bulgaria
| | - Toma Spiriev
- Department of Neurosurgery, Acibadem City Clinic Tokuda University Hospital, Sofia, 1407, Bulgaria
| | - Stoycho Stoyanov
- Department of Neurosurgery, Acibadem City Clinic Tokuda University Hospital, Sofia, 1407, Bulgaria
| | - Dilyan Ferdinandov
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University – Sofia, Sofia, 1431, Bulgaria
| | - Vanyo Mitev
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University – Sofia, Sofia, 1431, Bulgaria
| | - Albena Todorova
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University – Sofia, Sofia, 1431, Bulgaria
- Independent Medico-Diagnostic Laboratory Genome Center Bulgaria, Sofia, 1612, Bulgaria
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11
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Liguori GL. Challenges and Promise for Glioblastoma Treatment through Extracellular Vesicle Inquiry. Cells 2024; 13:336. [PMID: 38391949 PMCID: PMC10886570 DOI: 10.3390/cells13040336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) is a rare but extremely aggressive brain tumor that significantly impacts patient outcomes, affecting both duration and quality of life. The protocol established by Stupp and colleagues in 2005, based on radiotherapy and chemotherapy with Temozolomide, following maximum safe surgical resection remains the gold standard for GB treatment; however, it is evident nowadays that the extreme intratumoral and intertumoral heterogeneity, as well as the invasiveness and tendency to recur, of GB are not compatible with a routine and unfortunately ineffective treatment. This review article summarizes the main challenges in the search for new valuable therapies for GB and focuses on the impact that extracellular vesicle (EV) research and exploitation may have in the field. EVs are natural particles delimited by a lipidic bilayer and filled with functional cellular content that are released and uptaken by cells as key means of cell communication. Furthermore, EVs are stable in body fluids and well tolerated by the immune system, and are able to cross physiological, interspecies, and interkingdom barriers and to target specific cells, releasing inherent or externally loaded functionally active molecules. Therefore, EVs have the potential to be ideal allies in the fight against GB and to improve the prognosis for GB patients. The present work describes the main preclinical results obtained so far on the use of EVs for GB treatment, focusing on both the EV sources and molecular cargo used in the various functional studies, primarily in vivo. Finally, a SWOT analysis is performed, highlighting the main advantages and pitfalls of developing EV-based GB therapeutic strategies. The analysis also suggests the main directions to explore to realize the possibility of exploiting EVs for the treatment of GB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna L Liguori
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics (IGB) "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso", National Research Council (CNR) of Italy, 80131 Naples, Italy
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Bertero L, Mangherini L, Ricci AA, Cassoni P, Sahm F. Molecular neuropathology: an essential and evolving toolbox for the diagnosis and clinical management of central nervous system tumors. Virchows Arch 2024; 484:181-194. [PMID: 37658995 PMCID: PMC10948579 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-023-03632-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Molecular profiling has transformed the diagnostic workflow of CNS tumors during the last years. The latest WHO classification of CNS tumors (5th edition), published in 2021, pushed forward the integration between histopathological features and molecular hallmarks to achieve reproducible and clinically relevant diagnoses. To address these demands, pathologists have to appropriately deal with multiple molecular assays mainly including DNA methylation profiling and DNA/RNA next generation sequencing. Tumor classification by DNA methylation profiling is now a critical tool for many diagnostic tasks in neuropathology including the assessment of complex cases, to evaluate novel tumor types and to perform tumor subgrouping in hetereogenous entities like medulloblastoma or ependymoma. DNA/RNA NGS allow the detection of multiple molecular alterations including single nucleotide variations, small insertions/deletions (InDel), and gene fusions. These molecular markers can provide key insights for diagnosis, for example, if a tumor-specific mutation is detected, but also for treatment since targeted therapies are progressively entering the clinical practice. In the present review, a brief, but comprehensive overview of these tools will be provided, discussing their technical specifications, diagnostic value, and potential limitations. Moreover, the importance of molecular profiling will be shown in a representative series of CNS neoplasms including both the most frequent tumor types and other selected entities for which molecular characterization plays a critical role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Bertero
- Pathology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin and Città Della Salute E Della Scienza University Hospital, Via Santena 7, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Luca Mangherini
- Pathology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin and Città Della Salute E Della Scienza University Hospital, Via Santena 7, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Alessia Andrea Ricci
- Pathology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin and Città Della Salute E Della Scienza University Hospital, Via Santena 7, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Paola Cassoni
- Pathology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin and Città Della Salute E Della Scienza University Hospital, Via Santena 7, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Felix Sahm
- Department of Neuropathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 672, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.
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13
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Bui BN, Ardisasmita AI, Kuijk E, Altmäe S, Steba G, Mackens S, Fuchs S, Broekmans F, Nieuwenhuis E. An unbiased approach of molecular characterization of the endometrium: toward defining endometrial-based infertility. Hum Reprod 2024; 39:275-281. [PMID: 38099857 PMCID: PMC10833067 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dead257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Infertility is a complex condition affecting millions of couples worldwide. The current definition of infertility, based on clinical criteria, fails to account for the molecular and cellular changes that may occur during the development of infertility. Recent advancements in sequencing technology and single-cell analysis offer new opportunities to gain a deeper understanding of these changes. The endometrium has a potential role in infertility and has been extensively studied to identify gene expression profiles associated with (impaired) endometrial receptivity. However, limited overlap among studies hampers the identification of relevant downstream pathways that could play a role in the development of endometrial-related infertility. To address these challenges, we propose sequencing the endometrial transcriptome of healthy and infertile women at the single-cell level to consistently identify molecular signatures. Establishing consensus on physiological patterns in endometrial samples can aid in identifying deviations in infertile patients. A similar strategy has been used with great success in cancer research. However, large collaborative initiatives, international uniform protocols of sample collection and processing are crucial to ensure reliability and reproducibility. Overall, the proposed approach holds promise for an objective and accurate classification of endometrial-based infertility and has the potential to improve diagnosis and treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bich Ngoc Bui
- Department of Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Ewart Kuijk
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Signe Altmäe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Gaby Steba
- Department of Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Shari Mackens
- Brussels IVF, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sabine Fuchs
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Broekmans
- Department of Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Centre for Infertility Care, Dijklander Ziekenhuis, Purmerend, The Netherlands
| | - Edward Nieuwenhuis
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Science, University College Roosevelt, Middelburg, The Netherlands
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14
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van Opijnen MP, Broekman MLD, Cuppen E, Dubbink HJ, Ter Elst A, van Eijk R, Mühlebner A, Jansen C, van der Geize R, Speel EJM, Groenen PJTA, de Vos FYF, Wesseling P, de Leng WWJ, Maas SLN. Next generation sequencing of high-grade adult-type diffuse glioma in the Netherlands: interlaboratory variation in the primary diagnostic and recurrent setting. J Neurooncol 2024; 166:485-492. [PMID: 38285243 PMCID: PMC10876806 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-024-04568-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Next generation sequencing (NGS) is an important tool used in clinical practice to obtain the required molecular information for accurate diagnostics of high-grade adult-type diffuse glioma (HGG). Since individual centers use either in-house produced or standardized panels, interlaboratory variation could play a role in the practice of HGG diagnosis and treatment. This study aimed to investigate the current practice in NGS application for both primary and recurrent HGG. METHODS This nationwide Dutch survey used the expertise of (neuro)pathologists and clinical scientists in molecular pathology (CSMPs) by sending online questionnaires on clinical and technical aspects. Primary outcome was an overview of panel composition in the different centers for diagnostic practice of HGG. Secondary outcomes included practice for recurrent HGG and future perspectives. RESULTS Out of twelve neuro-oncology centers, the survey was filled out by eleven (neuro)pathologists and seven CSMPs. The composition of the diagnostic NGS panels differed in each center with numbers of genes ranging from 12 to 523. Differences are more pronounced when tests are performed to find therapeutic targets in the case of recurrent disease: about half of the centers test for gene fusions (60%) and tumor mutational burden (40%). CONCLUSION Current notable interlaboratory variations as illustrated in this study should be reduced in order to refine diagnostics and improve precision oncology. In-house developed tests, standardized panels and routine application of broad gene panels all have their own advantages and disadvantages. Future research would be of interest to study the clinical impact of variation in diagnostic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark P van Opijnen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague, The Netherlands.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Marike L D Broekman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurosurgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin Cuppen
- Hartwig Medical Foundation, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Oncode Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hendrikus J Dubbink
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arja Ter Elst
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald van Eijk
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Angelika Mühlebner
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Casper Jansen
- Laboratorium Pathologie Oost-Nederland, Hengelo, The Netherlands
| | | | - Ernst-Jan M Speel
- Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Filip Y F de Vos
- Department of Medical Oncology, Utrecht University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter Wesseling
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wendy W J de Leng
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sybren L N Maas
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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15
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Preusser M, Geurts M, Hainfellner JA, van den Bent MJ. What is an isocitrate dehydrogenase-mutated central nervous system World Health Organization grade 2 glioma, or who should receive vorasidenib? Neuro Oncol 2023; 25:1915-1917. [PMID: 37477610 PMCID: PMC10628922 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noad113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Preusser
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine 1, Medical University, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marjolein Geurts
- The Brain Tumour Center at the Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes A Hainfellner
- Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin J van den Bent
- The Brain Tumour Center at the Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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16
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Karschnia P, Smits M, Reifenberger G, Le Rhun E, Ellingson BM, Galldiks N, Kim MM, Huse JT, Schnell O, Harter PN, Mohme M, von Baumgarten L, Albert NL, Huang RY, Mehta MP, van den Bent M, Weller M, Vogelbaum MA, Chang SM, Berger MS, Tonn JC. A framework for standardised tissue sampling and processing during resection of diffuse intracranial glioma: joint recommendations from four RANO groups. Lancet Oncol 2023; 24:e438-e450. [PMID: 37922934 PMCID: PMC10849105 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(23)00453-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Surgical resection represents the standard of care for people with newly diagnosed diffuse gliomas, and the neuropathological and molecular profile of the resected tissue guides clinical management and forms the basis for research. The Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology (RANO) consortium is an international, multidisciplinary effort that aims to standardise research practice in neuro-oncology. These recommendations represent a multidisciplinary consensus from the four RANO groups: RANO resect, RANO recurrent glioblastoma, RANO radiotherapy, and RANO/PET for a standardised workflow to achieve a representative tumour evaluation in a disease characterised by intratumoural heterogeneity, including recommendations on which tumour regions should be surgically sampled, how to define those regions on the basis of preoperative imaging, and the optimal sample volume. Practical recommendations for tissue sampling are given for people with low-grade and high-grade gliomas, as well as for people with newly diagnosed and recurrent disease. Sampling of liquid biopsies is also addressed. A standardised workflow for subsequent handling of the resected tissue is proposed to avoid information loss due to decreasing tissue quality or insufficient clinical information. The recommendations offer a framework for prospective biobanking studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Karschnia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany; German Cancer Consortium, Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Marion Smits
- Department of Neuroradiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Guido Reifenberger
- Institute of Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Emilie Le Rhun
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin M Ellingson
- UCLA Brain Tumor Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Norbert Galldiks
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Research Center Juelich, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Juelich, Germany
| | - Michelle M Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan Hospital, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jason T Huse
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Oliver Schnell
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Patrick N Harter
- German Cancer Consortium, Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany; Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Malte Mohme
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Louisa von Baumgarten
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany; German Cancer Consortium, Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nathalie L Albert
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Raymond Y Huang
- Division of Neuroradiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Minesh P Mehta
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Martin van den Bent
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Michael Weller
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Susan M Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery and Division of Neuro-Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mitchel S Berger
- Department of Neurosurgery and Division of Neuro-Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Joerg-Christian Tonn
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany; German Cancer Consortium, Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany.
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17
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Aquilanti E, Wen PY. Advanced molecular diagnostic tools: A step closer to precision medicine in neuro-oncology. Neuro Oncol 2023; 25:1750-1751. [PMID: 37503808 PMCID: PMC10547505 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noad132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Aquilanti
- Division of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Patrick Y Wen
- Division of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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18
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Felistia Y, Wen PY. Molecular Profiling and Targeted Therapies in Gliomas. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2023; 23:627-636. [PMID: 37812369 DOI: 10.1007/s11910-023-01299-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Molecular profiling enables the evaluation of genetic alterations for the diagnosis and classification of gliomas and the selection of appropriate therapies. This review summarizes the current role of molecular profiling and targeted therapies for gliomas. RECENT FINDINGS Molecular profiling is an integral part of the 2021 WHO classification of gliomas. Progress in the development of targeted therapies remains limited due to many factors including the presence of the blood-brain barrier and issues of tumor heterogeneity. Nonetheless, advances have been made with the IDH1/2 inhibitor vorasidenib for IDH-mutant grade 2 gliomas, the combination of dabrafenib and trametinib for BRAFV600E mutated gliomas, and the therapies for subsets of patients with fusions and H3K27M-altered diffuse midline gliomas. While there has been progress in the use of molecular profiling for the classification and treatment of gliomas, much work remains for targeted therapies to realize their potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuli Felistia
- Neuro-Oncology Division, National Brain Center Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Patrick Y Wen
- Center For Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Division of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
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