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Liu PC, Lu G, Deng Y, Wang CD, Su XW, Zhou JY, Chan TM, Hu X, Poon WS. Inhibition of NF-κB Pathway and Modulation of MAPK Signaling Pathways in Glioblastoma and Implications for Lovastatin and Tumor Necrosis Factor-Related Apoptosis Inducing Ligand (TRAIL) Combination Therapy. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171157. [PMID: 28135339 PMCID: PMC5279772 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is a common malignant brain tumor and it is refractory to therapy because it usually contains a mixture of cell types. The tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) has been shown to induce apoptosis in a range of tumor cell types. Previously, we found that two human glioblastoma cell lines are resistant to TRAIL, while lovastatin sensitizes these glioblastoma cells to TRAIL-induced cell death. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms underlying the TRAIL-induced apoptosis in human glioblastoma cell lines by lovastatin. Furthermore, we have confirmed the anti-tumor effect of combination therapy with lovastatin and TRAIL in the subcutaneous brain tumor model. We showed that lovastatin significantly up-regulated the expression of death receptor 5 (DR5) in glioblastoma cell lines as well as in tumor-bearing mice with peri-tumoral administration of lovastatin. Further study in glioblastoma cell lines suggested that lovastatin treatment could inhibit NF-κB and Erk/MAPK pathways but activates JNK pathway. These results suggest that lovastatin sensitizes TRAIL-induced apoptosis by up-regulation of DR5 level via NF-κB inactivation, but also directly induces apoptosis by dysregulation of MAPK pathway. Our in vivo study showed that local peri-tumoral co-injection of lovastatin and TRAIL substantially reduced tumor growth compared with single injection of lovastatin or TRAIL in subcutaneous nude mice model. This study suggests that combined treatment of lovastatin and TRAIL is a promising therapeutic strategy to TRAIL-resistant glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pi Chu Liu
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gang Lu
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yi Deng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Department of Biology, South University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Cheng Dong Wang
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xian Wei Su
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jing Ye Zhou
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tat Ming Chan
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiang Hu
- Shenzhen Beike Cell Engineering Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wai Sang Poon
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- * E-mail:
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Baker GJ, Chockley P, Zamler D, Castro MG, Lowenstein PR. Natural killer cells require monocytic Gr-1(+)/CD11b(+) myeloid cells to eradicate orthotopically engrafted glioma cells. Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1163461. [PMID: 27471637 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1163461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant gliomas are resistant to natural killer (NK) cell immune surveillance. However, the mechanisms used by these cancers to suppress antitumor NK cell activity remain poorly understood. We have recently reported on a novel mechanism of innate immune evasion characterized by the overexpression of the carbohydrate-binding protein galectin-1 by both mouse and rat malignant glioma. Here, we investigate the cytokine profile of galectin-1-deficient GL26 cells and describe the process by which these tumors are targeted by the early innate immune system in RAG1(-/-) and C57BL/6J mice. Our data reveal that galectin-1 knockdown in GL26 cells heightens their inflammatory status leading to the rapid recruitment of Gr-1(+)/CD11b(+) myeloid cells and NK1.1(+) NK cells into the brain tumor microenvironment, culminating in tumor clearance. We show that immunodepletion of Gr-1(+) myeloid cells in RAG1(-/-) mice permits the growth of galectin-1-deficient glioma despite the presence of NK cells, thus demonstrating an essential role for myeloid cells in the clearance of galectin-1-deficient glioma. Further characterization of tumor-infiltrating Gr-1(+)/CD11b(+) cells reveals that these cells also express CCR2 and Ly-6C, markers consistent with inflammatory monocytes. Our results demonstrate that Gr-1(+)/CD11b(+) myeloid cells, often referred to as myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), are required for antitumor NK cell activity against galectin-1-deficient GL26 glioma. We conclude that glioma-derived galectin-1 represents an important factor in dictating the phenotypic behavior of monocytic Gr-1(+)/CD11b(+) myeloid cells. Galectin-1 suppression may be a valuable treatment approach for clinical glioma by promoting their innate immune-mediated recognition and clearance through the concerted effort of innate myeloid and lymphoid cell lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory J Baker
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Peter Chockley
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School , Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Daniel Zamler
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Maria G Castro
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Pedro R Lowenstein
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Kaye AH, Morokoff A. The Continuing Evolution: Biology and Treatment of Brain Tumors. Neurosurgery 2014; 61 Suppl 1:100-4. [DOI: 10.1227/neu.0000000000000388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew H. Kaye
- Department of Neurosurgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - Andrew Morokoff
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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