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Fan HY, Zhao MD, Jiang HJ, Yu ZW, Fan YJ, Liang XH, Tang YL, Sun Y. Cisplatin-based miRNA delivery strategy inspired by the circCPNE1/miR-330-3p pathway for oral squamous cell carcinoma. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:2748-2760. [PMID: 38828155 PMCID: PMC11143742 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2024.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are ideal biomarkers of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) because of their highly stable closed-loop structure, and they can act as microRNA (miRNA) sponges to regulate OSCC progression. By analyzing clinical samples, we identified circCPNE1, a dysregulated circRNA in OSCC, and its expression level was negatively correlated with the clinical stage of OSCC patients. Gain-of-function assays revealed the tumor-suppressive effect of circCPNE1, which was then identified as a miR-330-3p sponge. MiR-330-3p was recognized as a tumor promoter in multiple studies, consistent with our finding that it could promote the proliferation, migration, and invasion of OSCC cells. These results indicated that selective inhibition of miR-330-3p could be an effective strategy to inhibit OSCC progression. Therefore, we designed cationic polylysine-cisplatin prodrugs to deliver antagomiR-330-3p (a miRNA inhibitory analog) via electrostatic interactions to form PP@miR nanoparticles (NPs). Paratumoral administration results revealed that PP@miR NPs effectively inhibited subcutaneous tumor progression and achieved partial tumor elimination (2/5), which confirmed the critical role of miR-330-3p in OSCC development. These findings provide a new perspective for the development of OSCC treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-yang Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ming-da Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Hong-jie Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral Pathology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhen-wei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yu-jiang Fan
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xin-hua Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ya-ling Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral Pathology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yong Sun
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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Mozammel N, Baghbani E, Amini M, Jodeiry Zaer S, Baghay Esfandyari Y, Tohidast M, Hosseini SS, Rahmani SA, Mokhtarzadeh A, Baradaran B. The Simultaneous Effects of miR-145-5p and hsa-let-7a-3p on Colorectal Tumorigenesis: In Vitro Evidence. Adv Pharm Bull 2024; 14:231-240. [PMID: 38585468 PMCID: PMC10997926 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2024.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of small regulatory non-coding RNAs, which are dysregulated through tumor progression. let-7 and MIR-145 are both tumor suppressor microRNAs that are downregulated in a wide array of cancers including colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods This study was aimed to investigate the effect of simultaneous replacement of these two tumor suppressor miRNAs on proliferation, apoptosis, and migration of CRC cells. HCT-116 with lower expression levels of hsa-let-7a-3p and MIR-145-5p was selected for functional investigations. The cells were cultured and transfected with hsa-let-7a and MIR-145, separately and in combination. Cell viability and apoptosis rates were assessed by MTT assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Cell cycle status was further evaluated using flow cytometry and qRT-PCR was employed to evaluate gene expression. Results The obtained results showed that exogenous overexpression of MIR-145 and hsa-let-7a in HCT-116 cells could cooperatively decrease CRC cell proliferation and induce sub-G1 cell cycle arrest. Moreover, hsa-let-7a and MIR-145 co-transfection significantly increased apoptosis induction compared to separate transfected cells and control through modulating the expression levels of apoptosis-related genes including Bax, Bcl-2, P53, Caspase-3, Caspase-8, and Caspase-9. Furthermore, qRT-PCR results illustrated that hsa-let-7a and MIR-145 combination more effectively downregulated MMP-9 and MMP-2 expression, as the important modulators of metastasis, compared to the controls. Conclusion Taken together, considering that exogenous overexpression of MIR-145 and hsa-let-7a showed cooperative anti-cancer effects on CRC cells, their combination may be considered as a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazila Mozammel
- Department of Biology, Higher Education Institute of Rab‐Rashid, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elham Baghbani
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amini
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sheyda Jodeiry Zaer
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Maryam Tohidast
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Seyed Ali Rahmani
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ahad Mokhtarzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Perdaens O, Bottemanne P, van Pesch V. MicroRNAs dysregulated in multiple sclerosis affect the differentiation of CG-4 cells, an oligodendrocyte progenitor cell line. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1336439. [PMID: 38486710 PMCID: PMC10937391 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1336439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Demyelination is one of the hallmarks of multiple sclerosis (MS). While remyelination occurs during the disease, it is incomplete from the start and strongly decreases with its progression, mainly due to the harm to oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs), causing irreversible neurological deficits and contributing to neurodegeneration. Therapeutic strategies promoting remyelination are still very preliminary and lacking within the current treatment panel for MS. Methods In a previous study, we identified 21 microRNAs dysregulated mostly in the CSF of relapsing and/or remitting MS patients. In this study we transfected the mimics/inhibitors of several of these microRNAs separately in an OPC cell line, called CG-4. We aimed (1) to phenotypically characterize their effect on OPC differentiation and (2) to identify corroborating potential mRNA targets via immunocytochemistry, RT-qPCR analysis, RNA sequencing, and Gene Ontology enrichment analysis. Results We observed that the majority of 13 transfected microRNA mimics decreased the differentiation of CG-4 cells. We demonstrate, by RNA sequencing and independent RT-qPCR analyses, that miR-33-3p, miR-34c-5p, and miR-124-5p arrest OPC differentiation at a late progenitor stage and miR-145-5p at a premyelinating stage as evidenced by the downregulation of premyelinating oligodendrocyte (OL) [Tcf7l2, Cnp (except for miR-145-5p)] and mature OL (Plp1, Mbp, and Mobp) markers, whereas only miR-214-3p promotes OPC differentiation. We further propose a comprehensive exploration of their change in cell fate through Gene Ontology enrichment analysis. We finally confirm by RT-qPCR analyses the downregulation of several predicted mRNA targets for each microRNA that possibly support their effect on OPC differentiation by very distinctive mechanisms, of which some are still unexplored in OPC/OL physiology. Conclusion miR-33-3p, miR-34c-5p, and miR-124-5p arrest OPC differentiation at a late progenitor stage and miR-145-5p at a premyelinating stage, whereas miR-214-3p promotes the differentiation of CG-4 cells. We propose several potential mRNA targets and hypothetical mechanisms by which each microRNA exerts its effect. We hereby open new perspectives in the research on OPC differentiation and the pathophysiology of demyelination/remyelination, and possibly even in the search for new remyelinating therapeutic strategies in the scope of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Océane Perdaens
- Neurochemistry Group, Institute of NeuroScience, Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pauline Bottemanne
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vincent van Pesch
- Neurochemistry Group, Institute of NeuroScience, Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Neurology, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
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Chen Y, Wang J, Huang Y, Wu J, Wang Y, Chen A, Guo Q, Zhang Y, Zhang S, Wang L, Zou X, Li X. An oncolytic system produces oxygen selectively in pancreatic tumor cells to alleviate hypoxia and improve immune activation. Pharmacol Res 2024; 199:107053. [PMID: 38176529 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.107053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hypoxia is one of the important reasons for the poor therapeutic efficacy of current pancreatic cancer treatment, and the dense stroma of pancreatic cancer restricts the diffusion of oxygen within the tumor. METHODS A responsive oxygen-self-supplying adv-miRT-CAT-KR (adv-MCK) cascade reaction system to improve hypoxia in pancreatic cancer is constructed. We utilized various experiments at multiple levels (cells, organoids, in vivo) to investigate its effect on pancreatic cancer and analyzed the role of immune microenvironment changes in it through high-throughput sequencing. RESULTS The adv-MCK system is an oncolytic adenovirus system expressing three special components of genes. The microRNA (miRNA) targets (miRTs) enable adv-MCK to selectively replicate in pancreatic cancer cells. Catalase catalyzes the overexpressed hydrogen peroxide in pancreatic cancer cells to generate endogenous oxygen, which is catalyzed by killerRed to generate singlet oxygen (1O2) and further to enhance the oncolytic effect. Meanwhile, the adv-MCK system can specifically improve hypoxia in pancreatic cancer, exert antitumor effects in combination with photodynamic therapy, and activate antitumor immunity, especially by increasing the level of γδ T cells in the tumor microenvironment. CONCLUSION The responsive oxygen-self-supplying adv-MCK cascade reaction system combined with photodynamic therapy can improve the hypoxic microenvironment of pancreatic cancer and enhance antitumor immunity, which provides a promising alternative treatment strategy for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Jialun Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Pain, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Jianzhuang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Aotian Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Qiyuan Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Jiangsu University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yixuan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Xiaoping Zou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Xihan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China; School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
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Jodeiry Zaer S, Aghamaali M, Amini M, Doustvandi MA, Hosseini SS, Baradaran B, Najafi S, Baghay Esfandyari Y, Mokhtarzadeh A. Cooperatively inhibition effect of miR-143-5p and miR-145-5p in tumorigenesis of glioblastoma cells through modulating AKT signaling pathway. BIOIMPACTS : BI 2023; 14:29913. [PMID: 38938754 PMCID: PMC11199930 DOI: 10.34172/bi.2023.29913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Introduction As the most common aggressive primary brain tumor, glioblastoma is inevitably a recurrent malignancy whose patients' prognosis is poor. miR-143 and miR-145, as tumor suppressor miRNAs, are downregulated through tumorigenesis of multiple human cancers, including glioblastoma. These two miRNAs regulate numerous cellular processes, such as proliferation and migration. This research was intended to explore the simultaneous replacement effect of miR-143, and miR-145 on in vitro tumorgenicity of U87 glioblastoma cells. Methods U87 cells were cultured, and transfected with miR-143-5p and miR-145-5p. Afterward, the changes in cell viability, and apoptosis induction were determined by MTT assay and Annexin V/PI staining. The accumulation of cells at the cell cycle phases was assessed using the flow cytometry. Wound healing and colony formation assays were performed to study cell migration. qRT-PCR and western blot techniques were utilized to quantify gene expression levels. Results Our results showed that miR-143-5p and 145-5p exogenous upregulation cooperatively diminished cell viability, and enhanced U-87 cell apoptosis by modulating Caspase-3/8/9, Bax, and Bcl-2 protein expression. The combination therapy increased accumulation of cells at the sub-G1 phase by modulating CDK1, Cyclin D1, and P53 protein expression. miR-143/145-5p significantly decreased cell migration, and reduced colony formation ability by the downregulation of c-Myc and CD44 gene expression. Furthermore, the results showed the combination therapy of these miRNAs could remarkably downregulate phosphorylated-AKT expression levels. Conclusion In conclusion, miR-143 and miR-145 were indicated to show cooperative anti- cancer effects on glioblastoma cells via modulating AKT signaling as a new therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheyda Jodeiry Zaer
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Amini
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | | | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Souzan Najafi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Ahad Mokhtarzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Kciuk M, Yahya EB, Mohamed MMI, Abdulsamad MA, Allaq AA, Gielecińska A, Kontek R. Insights into the Role of LncRNAs and miRNAs in Glioma Progression and Their Potential as Novel Therapeutic Targets. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3298. [PMID: 37444408 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15133298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence supports that both long non-coding and micro RNAs (lncRNAs and miRNAs) are implicated in glioma tumorigenesis and progression. Poor outcome of gliomas has been linked to late-stage diagnosis and mostly ineffectiveness of conventional treatment due to low knowledge about the early stage of gliomas, which are not possible to observe with conventional diagnostic approaches. The past few years witnessed a revolutionary advance in biotechnology and neuroscience with the understanding of tumor-related molecules, including non-coding RNAs that are involved in the angiogenesis and progression of glioma cells and thus are used as prognostic biomarkers as well as novel therapeutic targets. The emerging research on lncRNAs and miRNAs highlights their crucial role in glioma progression, offering new insights into the disease. These non-coding RNAs hold significant potential as novel therapeutic targets, paving the way for innovative treatment approaches against glioma. This review encompasses a comprehensive discussion about the role of lncRNAs and miRNAs in gene regulation that is responsible for the promotion or the inhibition of glioma progression and collects the existing links between these key cancer-related molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Kciuk
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, University of Lodz, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Lodz, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Esam Bashir Yahya
- Bioprocess Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
| | | | - Muhanad A Abdulsamad
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Sabratha University, Sabratha 00218, Libya
| | - Abdulmutalib A Allaq
- Faculty of Applied Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Malaysia
| | - Adrianna Gielecińska
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, University of Lodz, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Lodz, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Renata Kontek
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, University of Lodz, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
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Yan J, Xie B, Tian Y, An W, Peng Z, Liu Z, Li J, Li L. MicroRNA-5195-3p mediated malignant biological behaviour of insulin-resistant liver cancer cells via SOX9 and TPM4. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:557. [PMID: 37328795 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11068-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary liver cancer is a malignant tumour of the digestive system, ranking second in cancer mortality in China. In different types of cancer, such as liver cancer, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to be dysregulated. However, little is known about the role of miR-5195-3p in insulin-resistant liver cancer. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, in vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted to identify the altered biological behaviour of insulin-resistant hepatoma cells (HepG2/IR), and we proved that HepG2/IR cells had stronger malignant biological behaviour. Functional experiments showed that enhanced expression of miR-5195-3p could inhibit the proliferation, migration, invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and chemoresistance of HepG2/IR cells, while impaired expression of miR-5195-3p in HepG2 cells resulted in the opposite effects. Bioinformatics prediction and dual luciferase reporter gene assays proved that SOX9 and TPM4 were the target genes of miR-5195-3p in hepatoma cells. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, our study demonstrated that miR-5195-3p plays a critical role in insulin-resistant hepatoma cells and might be a potential therapeutic target for liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Center, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Center, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-care Hospital (Gansu Province Central Hospital), Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Bei Xie
- Department of Medical Laboratory Animal Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China.
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Center, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Wenqin An
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Zhiheng Peng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Center, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Zhuan Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Center, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Center, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Linjing Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Center, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China.
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Mozammel N, Amini M, Baradaran B, Mahdavi SZB, Hosseini SS, Mokhtarzadeh A. The function of miR-145 in colorectal cancer progression; an updated review on related signaling pathways. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 242:154290. [PMID: 36621158 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.154290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNA) are a broad class of small, highly conserved non-coding RNAs that largely influence gene expression after transcription through binding to various target mRNAs. miRNAs are frequently dysregulated in a wide array of human cancers, possessing great value as diagnostic and therapeutic targets. miR-145, as promising tumor suppressor miRNA, also exhibits deregulated expression levels in human malignancies and participates in various processes, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and differentiation. In particular, miR-145 has been shown to be downregulated in colorectal cancer (CRC), which in turn leads to cell growth, invasion, metastasis and drug resistance. Furthermore, miR-145 is involved in the regulation of multiple tumor specific signaling pathways, such as KRAS and P53 signaling by targeting various genes through colorectal tumorigenesis. Therefore, considering its diagnostic and therapeutic potential, it was aimed to present the recent finding focusing on miR-145 functions to better understand its involvement in CRC incidence and progression through interplay with various signaling pathways. This study is based on articles indexed in PubMed and Google scholar until 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazila Mozammel
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amini
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | | | - Ahad Mokhtarzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Rajabi A, Kayedi M, Rahimi S, Dashti F, Mirazimi SMA, Homayoonfal M, Mahdian SMA, Hamblin MR, Tamtaji OR, Afrasiabi A, Jafari A, Mirzaei H. Non-coding RNAs and glioma: Focus on cancer stem cells. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2022; 27:100-123. [PMID: 36321132 PMCID: PMC9593299 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2022.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma and gliomas can have a wide range of histopathologic subtypes. These heterogeneous histologic phenotypes originate from tumor cells with the distinct functions of tumorigenesis and self-renewal, called glioma stem cells (GSCs). GSCs are characterized based on multi-layered epigenetic mechanisms, which control the expression of many genes. This epigenetic regulatory mechanism is often based on functional non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). ncRNAs have become increasingly important in the pathogenesis of human cancer and work as oncogenes or tumor suppressors to regulate carcinogenesis and progression. These RNAs by being involved in chromatin remodeling and modification, transcriptional regulation, and alternative splicing of pre-mRNA, as well as mRNA stability and protein translation, play a key role in tumor development and progression. Numerous studies have been performed to try to understand the dysregulation pattern of these ncRNAs in tumors and cancer stem cells (CSCs), which show robust differentiation and self-regeneration capacity. This review provides recent findings on the role of ncRNAs in glioma development and progression, particularly their effects on CSCs, thus accelerating the clinical implementation of ncRNAs as promising tumor biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Rajabi
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Kayedi
- Department of Radiology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shiva Rahimi
- School of Medicine,Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Dashti
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Ali Mirazimi
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mina Homayoonfal
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Amin Mahdian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Michael R. Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
| | - Omid Reza Tamtaji
- Electrophysiology Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Afrasiabi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ameneh Jafari
- Advanced Therapy Medicinal Product (ATMP) Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Proteomics Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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Chiang J, Li X, Jin H, Wu G, Lin T, Ellison DW. The molecular characteristics of low-grade and high-grade areas in desmoplastic infantile astrocytoma/ganglioglioma. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2022; 48:e12801. [PMID: 35191090 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Desmoplastic infantile astrocytomas and gangliogliomas (DIA/DIGs) are rare brain tumours of infancy. A distinctive feature of their histopathology is a combination of low-grade and high-grade features. Most DIA/DIGs can be surgically resected and have a good prognosis. However, high-grade features often dominate recurrent tumours, some of which have a poor outcome. In this study, we test the hypothesis that low-grade and high-grade areas in DIA/DIGs have distinct molecular characteristics. METHODS Tissue samples from microdissected low-grade and high-grade areas in 12 DIA/DIGs were analysed by DNA methylation profiling, whole exome sequencing, RNA sequencing and immunohistochemistry to search for potential differences at multiple molecular levels. RESULTS Copy number variants among tumours and between the two morphologically distinct areas were infrequent. No recurrent genetic alterations were identified across the tumour series, and high-grade areas did not have additional genetic alterations to explain their distinct morphology or biological behaviour. However, high-grade areas showed relative hypomethylation in genes downstream of the transcription factors SOX9 and LEF1 and evidence of a core SOX9 transcription network alongside activation of the BMP, WNT, and MAPK signalling pathways. CONCLUSIONS This study contributes to our knowledge of molecular genetic alterations in DIA/DIGs, uncovers molecular differences between the two distinct cell populations in these tumours, and suggests potential therapeutic targets among the more proliferative cell population in DIA/DIGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Chiang
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Hongjian Jin
- Center for Applied Bioinformatics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.,Center for Applied Bioinformatics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Tong Lin
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - David W Ellison
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
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11
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Spectrum of microRNAs and their target genes in cancer: intervention in diagnosis and therapy. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:6827-6846. [PMID: 35031927 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-07040-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Till date, several groups have studied the mechanism of microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis, processing, stability, silencing, and their dysregulation in cancer. The miRNA coding genes recurrently go through abnormal amplification, deletion, transcription, and epigenetic regulation in cancer. Some miRNAs function as tumor promoters while few others are tumor suppressors based on the transcriptional regulation of target genes. A review of miRNAs and their target genes in a wide range of cancers is attempted in this article, which may help in the development of new diagnostic tools and intervention therapies. The contribution of miRNAs for drug sensitivity or resistance in cancer therapy and opportunities of miRNAs in cancer prognosis or diagnosis and therapy is also presented in detail.
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12
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Mekala JR, Kurappalli RK, Ramalingam P, Moparthi NR. N-acetyl l-aspartate and Triacetin modulate tumor suppressor MicroRNA and class I and II HDAC gene expression induce apoptosis in Glioblastoma cancer cells in vitro. Life Sci 2021; 286:120024. [PMID: 34626605 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), grade IV glioma and is aggressive, malignant primary brain cancer. Altered expression and activity of epigenetic proteins such as histone deacetylases (HDACs) are involved in GBM metastasis. Also, acetates are important to brain metabolites that regulate cell proliferation and apoptosis. Here, we have examined the effect of the acetates on the cell-cycle. U87MG cancer cells treated with N-acetyl l-aspartate (NAA) and sodium acetate have exhibited G1 phase cell-cycle arrest whereas U87MG cells treated with Triacetin (TA), and potassium acetate has induced G2/M cell cycle arrest. We have observed inhibition of histone deacetylase (HDAC) mRNA levels in acetate treated U87MG cells. Interestingly, acetates-treated U87MG cells have shown a significant reduction in the mRNA level of class II HDACs than class I HDACs. Acetate treated cells have exhibited an enhanced expression of various microRNAs such as miR-15b, miR-92, miR-101, miR-155, miR-199, miR-200, miR-223, miR-16, and miR-17 that are involved in the inhibition of cancer cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and angiogenesis. Further, these acetate molecules regulate genes involved in mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2) such as mammalian stress-activated protein kinase-interacting protein (mSIN1), protein observed with Rictor 2 (Protor 2), and protein kinase C α (PKCα). The present study reveals the possible involvement of the mTORC2 complex during acetate-mediated HDAC inhibition, as well as microRNA modulation. Furthermore, molecular modeling studies were employed to understand the binding mode of these acetate molecules to mTOR, Rapamycin-insensitive companion of mammalian target of rapamycin (Rictor), and HDAC-8 proteins. Thus in this study, we have identified the pivotal role of acetates in the modulation of mTOR complex, epigenetic genes and provide structural as well as functional insights that will help in future drug discovery against GBM cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janaki Ramaiah Mekala
- Functional Genomics and Disease Biology Laboratory, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Biotechnology, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Green Fields, Vaddeswaram, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India.
| | - Rohil Kumar Kurappalli
- Functional Genomics and Disease Biology Laboratory, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - PrasannaSrinivasan Ramalingam
- Functional Genomics and Disease Biology Laboratory, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nageswara Rao Moparthi
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Green Fields, Vaddeswaram, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
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13
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The emerging roles of srGAPs in cancer. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 49:755-759. [PMID: 34825319 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06872-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
GTPase activating proteins (GAPs) were initially considered as the inhibitors of cell signaling pathways because of their nature to activate the intrinsic GTPase activity of the RhoGTPases. But recent studies of dysregulated GAPs in many cancers such as glioblastoma, colorectal cancer, breast cancer, and renal cancer have elucidated the important roles of GAPs in carcinogenesis and GAPs have been shown to perform multiple nonconventional functions in different contexts. We have discussed the recent developments in the roles played by different types of srGAPs (SLIT-ROBO Rho GTPase-activating proteins) in cancer.
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14
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Ye Y, Hao J, Hong Z, Wu T, Ge X, Qian B, Chen X, Zhang F. Downregulation of MicroRNA-145-5p in Activated Microglial Exosomes Promotes Astrocyte Proliferation by Removal of Smad3 Inhibition. Neurochem Res 2021; 47:382-393. [PMID: 34623564 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03446-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In spinal cord injury, microglial activation plays an important role during the inflammatory process. Specifically, the cellular and molecular interactions between microglia and astrocytes are of critical importance. Cells can communicate with each other through the substances carried by exosomes, and overproliferated astrocytes would create a physical and chemical barrier that prevents neurite regeneration, thereby interfering with functional recovery. On the other hand, Smad3 is an important factor in the proliferation, migration, and apoptosis of astrocytes. In this study, supernatant and purified exosomes were collected from LPS-treated microglia and co-cultured with astrocytes. The results showed that astrocytic proliferation was promoted with higher levels of Smad3. Furthermore, miRNA sequencing analysis was performed on microglial exosomes after inflammation. The results revealed a differential expression of miR-145-5p in the exosomes. The Dual-Luciferase assay showed that miR-145-5p could bind to Smad3 mRNA and regulate the levels of Smad3 protein at the post-transcriptional level. Subsequently, exosomes were transfected with miR-145-5p mimics, and astrocytes after mechanical injury were cultured with these exosomes for 24 h. The levels of Smad3 and phosphor-Smad3 proteins were analyzed by western blot and qRT-PCR. CCK8 and flow cytometry showed lower proliferation of astrocytes after co-culturing with the exosomes transfected with the miR-145-5p mimic. This study finds that miR-145-5p was found to be a negative regulator of astrocyte proliferation, and that its downregulation promotes smad3 activity and thus astrocyte proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Ye
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Hao
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20th Xisi Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhou Hong
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xingyu Ge
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Boyu Qian
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoqing Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20th Xisi Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20th Xisi Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.
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15
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Burgos M, Hurtado A, Jiménez R, Barrionuevo FJ. Non-Coding RNAs: lncRNAs, miRNAs, and piRNAs in Sexual Development. Sex Dev 2021; 15:335-350. [PMID: 34614501 DOI: 10.1159/000519237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are a group of RNAs that do not encode functional proteins, including long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), and short interfering RNAs (siRNAs). In the last 2 decades an effort has been made to uncover the role of ncRNAs during development and disease, and nowadays it is clear that these molecules have a regulatory function in many of the developmental and physiological processes where they have been studied. In this review, we provide an overview of the role of ncRNAs during gonad determination and development, focusing mainly on mammals, although we also provide information from other species, in particular when there is not much information on the function of particular types of ncRNAs during mammalian sexual development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Burgos
- Departamento de Genética e Instituto de Biotecnología, Lab. 127, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Alicia Hurtado
- Epigenetics and Sex Development Group, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rafael Jiménez
- Departamento de Genética e Instituto de Biotecnología, Lab. 127, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco J Barrionuevo
- Departamento de Genética e Instituto de Biotecnología, Lab. 127, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
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16
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Kashif H, Shah D, Sukumari-Ramesh S. Dysregulation of microRNA and Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Roles in Neuroinflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8115. [PMID: 34360881 PMCID: PMC8347974 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a major public health problem and devastating subtype of stroke with high morbidity and mortality. Notably, there is no effective treatment for ICH. Neuroinflammation, a pathological hallmark of ICH, contributes to both brain injury and repair and hence, it is regarded as a potential target for therapeutic intervention. Recent studies document that microRNAs, small non-coding RNA molecules, can regulate inflammatory brain response after ICH and are viable molecular targets to alter brain function. Therefore, there is an escalating interest in studying the role of microRNAs in the pathophysiology of ICH. Herein, we provide, for the first time, an overview of the microRNAs that play roles in ICH-induced neuroinflammation and identify the critical knowledge gap in the field, as it would help design future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sangeetha Sukumari-Ramesh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (H.K.); (D.S.)
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17
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Conservation of Zebrafish MicroRNA-145 and Its Role during Neural Crest Cell Development. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12071023. [PMID: 34209401 PMCID: PMC8306979 DOI: 10.3390/genes12071023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The neural crest is a multipotent cell population that develops from the dorsal neural fold of vertebrate embryos in order to migrate extensively and differentiate into a variety of tissues. A number of gene regulatory networks coordinating neural crest cell specification and differentiation have been extensively studied to date. Although several publications suggest a common role for microRNA-145 (miR-145) in molecular reprogramming for cell cycle regulation and/or cellular differentiation, little is known about its role during in vivo cranial neural crest development. By modifying miR-145 levels in zebrafish embryos, abnormal craniofacial development and aberrant pigmentation phenotypes were detected. By whole-mount in situ hybridization, changes in expression patterns of col2a1a and Sry-related HMG box (Sox) transcription factors sox9a and sox9b were observed in overexpressed miR-145 embryos. In agreement, zebrafish sox9b expression was downregulated by miR-145 overexpression. In silico and in vivo analysis of the sox9b 3′UTR revealed a conserved potential miR-145 binding site likely involved in its post-transcriptional regulation. Based on these findings, we speculate that miR-145 participates in the gene regulatory network governing zebrafish chondrocyte differentiation by controlling sox9b expression.
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18
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Exosomes of Mesenchymal Stem Cells as a Proper Vehicle for Transfecting miR-145 into the Breast Cancer Cell Line and Its Effect on Metastasis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:5516078. [PMID: 34307654 PMCID: PMC8263260 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5516078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Despite recent advances in scientific knowledge and clinical practice, management, and treatment of breast cancer, as one of the leading causes of female mortality, breast cancer remains a major burden. Recently, methods employing stem cells and their derivatives, i.e., exosomes, in gene-based therapies hold great promise. Since these natural nanovesicles are able to transmit crucial cellular information which can be engineered to have robust delivery and targeting capacity, they are considered one of the modes of intercellular communication. miR-145, one of the downregulated microRNAs (miRNAs) in various cancers, can regulate tumor cell invasion, metastasis, apoptosis, and proliferation and stem cell differentiation. Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the role of exosomes secreted from adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for miR-145 transfection into breast cancer cells in order to weaken their expansion and metastasis. Methods Here, we exploited the exosomes from adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-Exo) to deliver miR-145 in the T-47D breast cancer cell line. Lentiviral vectors of miR-145-pLenti-III-enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) and empty pLenti-III-eGFP as the backbone were used to transfect MSCs and T-47D cells. In order to find the efficiency of exosomes as a delivery vehicle, the expression level of some miR-145 target genes, including Rho-Associated Coiled-Coil Containing Protein Kinase 1 (ROCK1), Erb-B2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinase 2 (ERBB2), Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), and Tumor Protein p53 (TP53), was compared in all treatment groups (T-47D cells treated by miR-145-transfected MSCs and their derivatives or their backbone) and control group (untransfected T-47D cells) using real-time PCR. Results The obtained data represented the inhibitory effect of miR-145 on apoptosis induction and metastasis in both direct miR-treated groups. However, exosome-mediated delivery caused an improved anticancer property of miR-145. Conclusion Restoration of miR-145 using MSC-Exo can be considered a potential novel therapeutic strategy in breast cancer in the future.
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19
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Interplay between SOX9 transcription factor and microRNAs in cancer. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 183:681-694. [PMID: 33957202 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.04.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
SOX transcription factors are critical regulators of development, homeostasis and disease progression and their dysregulation is a common finding in various cancers. SOX9 belongs to SOXE family located on chromosome 17. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) possess the capacity of regulating different transcription factors in cancer cells by binding to 3'-UTR. Since miRNAs can affect differentiation, migration, proliferation and other physiological mechanisms, disturbances in their expression have been associated with cancer development. In this review, we evaluate the relationship between miRNAs and SOX9 in different cancers to reveal how this interaction can affect proliferation, metastasis and therapy response of cancer cells. The tumor-suppressor miRNAs can decrease the expression of SOX9 by binding to the 3'-UTR of mRNAs. Furthermore, the expression of downstream targets of SOX9, such as c-Myc, Wnt, PI3K/Akt can be affected by miRNAs. It is noteworthy that other non-coding RNAs including lncRNAs and circRNAs regulate miRNA/SOX9 expression to promote/inhibit cancer progression and malignancy. The pre-clinical findings can be applied as biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of cancer patients.
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20
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Panda M, Tripathi SK, Biswal BK. SOX9: An emerging driving factor from cancer progression to drug resistance. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1875:188517. [PMID: 33524528 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of transcription factors is one of the common problems in the pathogenesis of human cancer. Among them, SOX9 is one of the critical transcription factors involved in various diseases, including cancer. The expression of SOX9 is regulated by microRNAs (miRNAs), methylation, phosphorylation, and acetylation. Interestingly, SOX9 acts as a proto-oncogene or tumor suppressor gene, relying upon kinds of cancer. Recent studies have reported the critical role of SOX9 in the regulation of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Additionally, activation of SOX9 signaling or SOX9 regulated signaling pathways play a crucial role in cancer development and progression. Accumulating evidence also suggests that SOX9 acquires stem cell features to induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Moreover, SOX9 has been broadly studied in the field of cancer stem cell (CSC) and EMT in the last decades. However, the link between SOX9 and cancer drug resistance has only recently been discovered. Furthermore, its differential expression could be a potential biomarker for tumor prognosis and progression. This review outlined the various biological implications of SOX9 in cancer progression and cancer drug resistance and elucidated its signaling network, which could be a potential target for designing novel anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munmun Panda
- Cancer Drug Resistance Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India
| | - Surya Kant Tripathi
- Cancer Drug Resistance Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India
| | - Bijesh K Biswal
- Cancer Drug Resistance Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India.
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21
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Diana A, Gaido G, Maxia C, Murtas D. MicroRNAs at the Crossroad of the Dichotomic Pathway Cell Death vs. Stemness in Neural Somatic and Cancer Stem Cells: Implications and Therapeutic Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9630. [PMID: 33348804 PMCID: PMC7766058 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Stemness and apoptosis may highlight the dichotomy between regeneration and demise in the complex pathway proceeding from ontogenesis to the end of life. In the last few years, the concept has emerged that the same microRNAs (miRNAs) can be concurrently implicated in both apoptosis-related mechanisms and cell differentiation. Whether the differentiation process gives rise to the architecture of brain areas, any long-lasting perturbation of miRNA expression can be related to the occurrence of neurodevelopmental/neuropathological conditions. Moreover, as a consequence of neural stem cell (NSC) transformation to cancer stem cells (CSCs), the fine modulation of distinct miRNAs becomes necessary. This event implies controlling the expression of pro/anti-apoptotic target genes, which is crucial for the management of neural/neural crest-derived CSCs in brain tumors, neuroblastoma, and melanoma. From a translational point of view, the current progress on the emerging miRNA-based neuropathology therapeutic applications and antitumor strategies will be disclosed and their advantages and shortcomings discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Diana
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | | | - Cristina Maxia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Daniela Murtas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
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22
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Regulation of melanoma malignancy by the RP11-705C15.3/miR-145-5p/NRAS/MAPK signaling axis. Cancer Gene Ther 2020; 28:1198-1212. [PMID: 33311650 PMCID: PMC8571095 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-020-00274-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is a common lethal skin cancer. Dissecting molecular mechanisms driving the malignancy of melanoma may uncover potential therapeutic targets. We previously identified miR-145-5p as an important tumor-suppressive microRNA in melanoma. Here, we further investigated the roles of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in melanoma. We identified RP11-705C15.3, a regulator of miR-145-5p, as an oncogenic lncRNA in melanoma. RP11-705C15.3 competitively bound miR-145-5p, relieved the repressive roles of miR-145-5p on its target NRAS, upregulated NRAS expression, and activated MAPK signaling. In vitro functional assays revealed that ectopic expression of RP11-705C15.3 promoted melanoma cell proliferation, inhibited apoptosis, and promoted migration and invasion. Silencing of RP11-705C15.3 repressed melanoma cell proliferation, induced apoptosis, and repressed migration and invasion. Notably, the roles of RP11-705C15.3 in melanoma cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion are reversed by miR-145-5p overexpression. In vivo functional assays revealed that RP11-705C15.3 promoted melanoma tumor growth and metastasis, which were also reversed by miR-145-5p overexpression. Furthermore, we investigated the expression of RP11-705C15.3 in clinical melanoma tissues and found that RP11-705C15.3 was increased in melanoma tissues. High expression of RP11-705C15.3 was positively correlated with thickness, ulceration, metastasis, and inferior overall survival. Taken together, our findings suggest RP11-705C15.3 as a novel oncogene in melanoma, and highlight that the RP11-705C15.3/miR-145-5p/NRAS/MAPK signaling axis may be potential therapeutic targets for melanoma.
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23
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Xie P, Han Q, Liu D, Yao D, Lu X, Wang Z, Zuo X. miR-525-5p Modulates Proliferation and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition of Glioma by Targeting Stat-1. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:9957-9966. [PMID: 33116581 PMCID: PMC7548333 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s257951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glioma is the most aggressive human brain tumor. Recent studies revealed that microRNAs play vital roles in glioma. However, the function of microRNA-525-5p (miR-525-5p) in glioma remains unclear. Methods qRT-PCR and Western blotting were used to evaluate mRNA and protein levels in glioma tissues and cells. Colony formation, CCK-8, and Edu assays evaluated the growth of glioma cells. Wound-healing, transwell, and 3D invasion assays examined the migration and invasion activities of glioma cells. Luciferase reporter assays assessed the regulatory relationship interaction between miR-525-5p and Stat-1. A mouse xenograft model was used to examine the effect of miR-525-5p on glioma in vivo. Results miR-525-5p expression was downregulated in glioma tissues and cells. Overexpressing miR-525-5p decreased the growth of glioma cells and reduced the migration, invasion, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition of glioma cells. Bioinformatics analysis identified Stat-1 as a potential target of miR-525-5p, and dual luciferase reporter assays revealed that miR-525-5p negatively regulates Stat-1. Decreased Stat-1 led to the inhibition of FOXM1, affecting NF-κB signaling activity. Overexpressing miR-525-5p reduced tumor development in vivo. Conclusion miR-525-5p negatively regulates cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition in glioma, and Stat 1 is a target of miR-525-5p. miR-525-5p may be a potential target for glioma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, The Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, Huai'an 223002, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiu Han
- Department of Neurology, Huai'an First People's Hospital, The Affiliated Huai'an No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223000, People's Republic of China
| | - Dachao Liu
- Department of Image, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, The Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, Huai'an 223002, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Yao
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, The Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, Huai'an 223002, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqing Lu
- Department of Orthopedic, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, The Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, Huai'an 223002, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziyu Wang
- Department of Emergency Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, The Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, Huai'an 223002, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Zuo
- Department of Pain Management, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, The Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, Huai'an 223002, People's Republic of China
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24
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Non-coding RNAs in Brain Tumors, the Contribution of lncRNAs, circRNAs, and snoRNAs to Cancer Development-Their Diagnostic and Therapeutic Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197001. [PMID: 32977537 PMCID: PMC7582339 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain tumors are one of the most frightening ailments that afflict human beings worldwide. They are among the most lethal of all adult and pediatric solid tumors. The unique cell-intrinsic and microenvironmental properties of neural tissues are some of the most critical obstacles that researchers face in the diagnosis and treatment of brain tumors. Intensifying the search for potential new molecular markers in order to develop new effective treatments for patients might resolve this issue. Recently, the world of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) has become a field of intensive research since the discovery of their essential impact on carcinogenesis. Some of the most promising diagnostic and therapeutic regulatory RNAs are long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs), and small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs). Many recent reports indicate the important role of these molecules in brain tumor development, as well as their implications in metastasis. In the following review, we summarize the current state of knowledge about regulatory RNAs, namely lncRNA, circRNAs, and snoRNAs, and their impact on the development of brain tumors in children and adults with particular emphasis on malignant primary brain tumors-gliomas and medulloblastomas (MB). We also provide an overview of how these different ncRNAs may act as biomarkers in these tumors and we present their potential clinical implications.
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Kyriazi AA, Papiris E, Kitsos Kalyvianakis K, Sakellaris G, Baritaki S. Dual Effects of Non-Coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in Cancer Stem Cell Biology. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186658. [PMID: 32932969 PMCID: PMC7556003 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of cancer stem cells (CSCs) as initiators of carcinogenesis has revolutionized the era of cancer research and our perception for the disease treatment options. Additional CSC features, including self-renewal and migratory and invasive capabilities, have further justified these cells as putative diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic targets. Given the CSC plasticity, the identification of CSC-related biomarkers has been a serious burden in CSC characterization and therapeutic targeting. Over the past decades, a compelling amount of evidence has demonstrated critical regulatory functions of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) on the exclusive features of CSCs. We now know that ncRNAs may interfere with signaling pathways, vital for CSC phenotype maintenance, such as Notch, Wnt, and Hedgehog. Here, we discuss the multifaceted contribution of microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs), as representative ncRNA classes, in sustaining the CSC-like traits, as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms of their action in various CSC types. We further discuss the use of CSC-related ncRNAs as putative biomarkers of high diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athina A. Kyriazi
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Division of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71500 Heraklion, Greece; (A.A.K.); (E.P.); (K.K.K.)
| | - Efstathios Papiris
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Division of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71500 Heraklion, Greece; (A.A.K.); (E.P.); (K.K.K.)
| | - Konstantinos Kitsos Kalyvianakis
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Division of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71500 Heraklion, Greece; (A.A.K.); (E.P.); (K.K.K.)
| | - George Sakellaris
- Surgery Unit, University General Hospital, 71500 Heraklion (PAGNH), Greece;
| | - Stavroula Baritaki
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Division of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71500 Heraklion, Greece; (A.A.K.); (E.P.); (K.K.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2810394727
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Di Agostino S, Riccioli A, De Cesaris P, Fontemaggi G, Blandino G, Filippini A, Fazi F. Circular RNAs in Embryogenesis and Cell Differentiation With a Focus on Cancer Development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:389. [PMID: 32528957 PMCID: PMC7266935 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the recent years thousands of non-coding RNAs have been identified, also thanks to highthroughput sequencing technologies. Among them, circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a well-represented class characterized by the high sequence conservation and cell type specific expression in eukaryotes. They are covalently closed loops formed through back-splicing. Recently, circRNAs were shown to regulate a variety of cellular processes functioning as miRNA sponges, RBP binding molecules, transcriptional regulators, scaffold for protein translation, as well as immune regulators. A growing number of studies are showing that deregulated expression of circRNAs plays important and decisive actions during the development of several human diseases, including cancer. The research on their biogenesis and on the various molecular mechanisms in which they are involved is going very fast, however, there are still few studies that address their involvement in embryogenesis and eukaryotic development. This review has the intent to describe the most recent progress in the study of the biogenesis and molecular activities of circRNAs providing insightful information in the field of embryogenesis and cell differentiation. In addition, we describe the latest research on circRNAs as novel promising biomarkers in diverse types of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Di Agostino
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, Department of Diagnostic Research and Technological Innovation, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Riccioli
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic & Orthopedic Sciences, Section of Histology & Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola De Cesaris
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Giulia Fontemaggi
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, Department of Diagnostic Research and Technological Innovation, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Blandino
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, Department of Diagnostic Research and Technological Innovation, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Filippini
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic & Orthopedic Sciences, Section of Histology & Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Fazi
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic & Orthopedic Sciences, Section of Histology & Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
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Yang LF, Yang F, Zhang FL, Xie YF, Hu ZX, Huang SL, Shao ZM, Li DQ. Discrete functional and mechanistic roles of chromodomain Y-like 2 (CDYL2) transcript variants in breast cancer growth and metastasis. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:5242-5258. [PMID: 32373210 PMCID: PMC7196301 DOI: 10.7150/thno.43744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Chromodomain Y-like 2 (CDYL2) is a member of the CDY gene family involved in spermatogenesis, but its role in human cancer has not been reported. Analyses of publicly available databases demonstrate that CDYL2 is abundantly expressed in breast tumors. However, whether CDYL2 is involved in breast cancer progression remains unknown. Methods: Quantitative real-time PCR and immunoblotting assays were used to determine the expression levels of CDYL2 transcript variants in breast cancer cell lines and primary breast tumors. The effect of CDYL2 transcript variants on the malignant phenotypes of breast cancer cells was examined through in vitro and in vivo assays. Immunofluorescent staining, RNA-seq, ATAC-seq, and ChIP-qPCR were used to investigate the underlying mechanisms behind the aforementioned observations. Results: Here we show that CDYL2 generated four transcript variants, named CDYL2a-CDYL2d. CDYL2a and CDYL2b were the predominant variants expressed in breast cancer cell lines and breast tumors and exerted strikingly discrete functions in breast cancer growth and metastasis. CDYL2a was upregulated in the majority of the breast cancer cell lines and tumors, and promoted breast cancer cell proliferation, colony formation in vitro, and tumorigenesis in xenografts. In contrast, CDYL2b was mainly expressed in luminal- and HER2-positive types of breast cancer cell lines and tumors, and suppressed the migratory, invasive, and metastatic potential of breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, CDYL2a partially localized to SC35-positive nuclear speckles and promoted alternative splicing of a subset of target genes, including FIP1L1, NKTR, and ADD3 by exon skipping. Elimination of full-length FIP1L1, NKTR, and ADD3 rescued the impaired cell proliferation through CDYL2a depletion. In contrast, CDYL2b localized to heterochromatin and transcriptionally repressed several metastasis-promoting genes, including HPSE, HLA-F, and SELL. Restoration of HPSE, HLA-F, or SELL expression in CDYL2b-overexpressing cells attenuated the ability of CDYL2b to suppress breast cancer cell migration and invasion. Conclusions: Collectively, these findings establish an isoform-specific function of CDYL2 in breast cancer development and progression and highlight that pharmacological inhibition of the CDYL2a, but not the CDYL2b, isoform may be an effective strategy for breast cancer therapy.
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Luo C, Wang G, Ying H, Shen J, Gilligan DM. Increased expression of phosphorylated adducin in tumor cells. J Int Med Res 2020; 48:300060520910646. [PMID: 32237935 PMCID: PMC7132819 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520910646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This preclinical research was designed to study the phosphorylation level of adducin in cancer tissues, healthy tissues, and malignant tumor cells to determine the relationship between adducin and cancer. Methods Western blotting was used to detect the expression level of phospho-adducin in tissues and cell lines. Results Phospho-adducin at Ser662 was detected in all tumor cells and cancer tissues. The main type of phospho-adducin at Ser662 was γ-adducin in healthy lung tissue, and α-adducin in both lung cancer tissue and para-lung cancer tissue. Phosphorylation of adducin at Thr445 was observed in healthy lung tissue, adjacent healthy tissue, and cancer tissue, but was not detected in any other malignant cells. Additionally, more phosphorylation of adducin at Thr445 was seen in cancer tissue than in adjacent healthy tissue. Conclusion The abnormal expression of phospho-adducin at Ser662 and Thr445 may be associated with tumorigenesis, suggesting a novel approach for the diagnosis and treatment of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Luo
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, Institute of Cancer Research and Basic Medical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Cancer Hospital of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guirong Wang
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Huang Ying
- Department of Pharmacy, The People's Hospital of Yichun City, Yinchun University, Yichun, China
| | - Jiayu Shen
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Diana M Gilligan
- Department of Medicine and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
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Mazurek M, Litak J, Kamieniak P, Osuchowska I, Maciejewski R, Roliński J, Grajkowska W, Grochowski C. Micro RNA Molecules as Modulators of Treatment Resistance, Immune Checkpoints Controllers and Sensitive Biomarkers in Glioblastoma Multiforme. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041507. [PMID: 32098401 PMCID: PMC7073212 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on genome sequencing, it is estimated that over 90% of genes stored in human genetic material are transcribed, but only 3% of them contain the information needed for the production of body proteins. This group also includes micro RNAs representing about 1%–3% of the human genome. Recent studies confirmed the hypothesis that targeting molecules called Immune Checkpoint (IC) open new opportunities to take control over glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Detection of markers that indicate the presence of the cancer occupies a very important place in modern oncology. This function can be performed by both the cancer cells themselves as well as their components and other substances detected in the patients’ bodies. Efforts have been made for many years to find a suitable marker useful in the diagnosis and monitoring of gliomas, including glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Mazurek
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-954 Lublin, Poland; (M.M.); (J.L.); (P.K.)
| | - Jakub Litak
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-954 Lublin, Poland; (M.M.); (J.L.); (P.K.)
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Piotr Kamieniak
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-954 Lublin, Poland; (M.M.); (J.L.); (P.K.)
| | - Ida Osuchowska
- Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (I.O.); (R.M.)
| | - Ryszard Maciejewski
- Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (I.O.); (R.M.)
| | - Jacek Roliński
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Wiesława Grajkowska
- Department of Oncopathology and Biostructure, „Pomnik-Centrum Zdrowia Dziecka” Institute, Al. Dzieci Polskich 20, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Cezary Grochowski
- Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (I.O.); (R.M.)
- Laboratory of Virtual Man, Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence:
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Kiang KMY, Zhang P, Li N, Zhu Z, Jin L, Leung GKK. Loss of cytoskeleton protein ADD3 promotes tumor growth and angiogenesis in glioblastoma multiforme. Cancer Lett 2020; 474:118-126. [PMID: 31958485 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Adducin 3 (ADD3) is a crucial assembly factor in the actin cytoskeleton and has been found to be aberrantly expressed in various cancers, including glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). It has previously been studied in array-based studies with controversial findings as to its functional role in glioma. In microarray analyses of 452 glioma specimens, we found significant downregulation of ADD3 in GBM, but not in less malignant gliomas, compared to normal brain tissue, which suggests that its downregulation might underlie critical events during malignant progression. We also found that ADD3 was functionally dependent on cell-matrix interaction. In our in vivo study, the proliferative and angiogenic capacity of ADD3-depleted GBM cells was promoted, possibly through PCNA, while p53 and p21 expression was suppressed, and pro-angiogenic signals were induced through VEGF-VEGFR-2-mediated activation in endothelial cells. With correlative in vitro, in vivo, and clinical data, we provide compelling evidence on the putative tumor-suppressive role of ADD3 in modulating GBM growth and angiogenesis. As a preclinical study, our research offers a better understanding of the pathogenesis of glioma malignant progression for the benefit of future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karrie Mei-Yee Kiang
- Department of Surgery, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Pingde Zhang
- Department of Surgery, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Surgery, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Zhiyuan Zhu
- Department of Surgery, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Lei Jin
- Department of Surgery, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Gilberto Ka-Kit Leung
- Department of Surgery, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong.
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Xu WX, Liu Z, Deng F, Wang DD, Li XW, Tian T, Zhang J, Tang JH. MiR-145: a potential biomarker of cancer migration and invasion. Am J Transl Res 2019; 11:6739-6753. [PMID: 31814885 PMCID: PMC6895535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
MircoRNAs (miRNAs) are a diverse family of highly-conserved small non-coding RNAs, which range from approximately 18 to 25 nucleotides in size. They regulate gene expression transcriptionally or post-transcriptionally via binding to the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of target message RNAs (mRNAs). MiRNAs have emerged as molecular regulators that participate in physiological and pathological processes of diverse malignancies. Among them, miRNA-145 (miR-145) played a profound role in tumorigenesis and progression of various neoplasms. In this review, we summarized the recent findings regarding miR-145, to elucidate its functional roles in cell invasion and migration of diverse human malignancies, and considered it a potential biomarker for cancer diagnosis, screening, and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Xiu Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210029, P. R. China
- The First Clinical School of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210029, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210029, P. R. China
- The First Clinical School of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210029, P. R. China
| | - Fei Deng
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210029, P. R. China
- The First Clinical School of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210029, P. R. China
| | - Dan-Dan Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210029, P. R. China
| | - Xing-Wang Li
- School of Clinical Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou 221004, P. R. China
| | - Tian Tian
- School of Clinical Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou 221004, P. R. China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210029, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Hai Tang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210029, P. R. China
- The First Clinical School of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210029, P. R. China
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LINC00174 down-regulation decreases chemoresistance to temozolomide in human glioma cells by regulating miR-138-5p/SOX9 axis. Hum Cell 2019; 33:159-174. [PMID: 31713817 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-019-00281-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Temozolomide (TMZ) is one of the most common drugs selected for glioma chemotherapy, but the therapeutic effect of glioma treatment is usually limited due to its resistance. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is gradually found to be a vital regulator in numerous physiological and pathological processes. Lately, it was revealed that LINC00174 could promote CRC cell growth. However, the function and potential regulatory manner of LINC00174 in glioma remain unclear. Our results demonstrated that the expression level of LINC00174 was higher in glioma tissues, and LINC00174 down-regulation could remarkably prevent cell proliferation and promote cell apoptosis in both glioma cells and TMZ-resistant glioma cells. Mechanistic studies revealed that LINC00174 can sponge microRNA-138-5p (miR-138-5p) and down-regulate its expression, thereby up-regulating the protein level of miR-138-5p's target, sex-determining region Y (SRY)-box9 protein (SOX9). Additionally, in vivo experiments revealed that LINC00174 shRNA can serve as a tumor suppressor through down-regulating SOX9 in glioma. In this study, a novel established regulatory way of LINC00174/miR-138-5p/SOX9 axis was systematically studied, which may provide a new manner for glioma therapy.
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Chen J, Chen T, Zhu Y, Li Y, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Li X, Xie X, Wang J, Huang M, Sun X, Ke Y. circPTN sponges miR-145-5p/miR-330-5p to promote proliferation and stemness in glioma. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:398. [PMID: 31511040 PMCID: PMC6737709 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1376-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Growing evidences indicate that circular RNAs (circRNAs) play an important role in the regulation of biological behavior of tumor. We aim to explore the role of circRNA in glioma and elucidate how circRNA acts. Methods Real-time PCR was used to examine the expression of circPTN in glioma tissues and normal brain tissues (NBT). Assays of dual- luciferase reporter system, biotin label RNA pull-down and FISH were used to determine that circPTN could sponge miR-145-5p and miR-330-5p. Tumor sphere formation assay was performed to determine self- renewal of glioma stem cell (GSCs). Cell counting Kit-8 (CCK8), EdU assay and flow cytometry were used to investigate proliferation and cell cycle. Intracranial xenograft was established to determine how circPTN impacts in vivo. Tumor sphere formation assay was performed to determine self- renewal of glioma stem cell (GSCs). Results We demonstrated circPTN was significantly higher expression in glioma tissues and glioma cell lines, compared with NBT and HEB (human astrocyte). In gain- and loss-of-function experiments, circPTN significantly promoted glioma growth in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we performed dual-luciferase reporter assays and RNA pull-down assays to verify that circPTN acts through sponging miR-145-5p and miR-330-5p. Increasing expression of circPTN rescued the inhibition of proliferation and downregulation of SOX9/ITGA5 in glioma cells by miR-145-5p/miR-330-5p. In addition, we found that circPTN promoted self-renewal and increased the expression of stemness markers (Nestin, CD133, SOX9, and SOX2) via sponging miR-145-5p. Moreover, this regulation was disappeared when circPTN binding sites in miR-145-5p were mutated. Conclusions Our results suggest that circPTN is an oncogenic factor that acts by sponging miR-145-5p/miR-330-5p in glioma. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-019-1376-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiansheng Chen
- The National Key Clinical Specialty; Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Industrial Road No.253, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou Shi, China
| | - Taoliang Chen
- The National Key Clinical Specialty; Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Industrial Road No.253, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong, China
| | - Yubo Zhu
- The National Key Clinical Specialty; Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Industrial Road No.253, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Li
- The National Key Clinical Specialty; Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Industrial Road No.253, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuxuan Zhang
- The National Key Clinical Specialty; Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Industrial Road No.253, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong, China
| | - Yun Wang
- The National Key Clinical Specialty; Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Industrial Road No.253, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao Li
- The National Key Clinical Specialty; Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Industrial Road No.253, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaomi Xie
- The National Key Clinical Specialty; Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Industrial Road No.253, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong, China
| | - Jihui Wang
- The National Key Clinical Specialty; Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Industrial Road No.253, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong, China
| | - Min Huang
- The National Key Clinical Specialty; Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Industrial Road No.253, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xinlin Sun
- The National Key Clinical Specialty; Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Industrial Road No.253, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong, China
| | - Yiquan Ke
- The National Key Clinical Specialty; Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Industrial Road No.253, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong, China.
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Gao X, Zheng W, Ye L, Wen X, Wang S, Cao H, Liu X, Huang D, Wang F, Zhang S. Exploration of bladder cancer-associated methylated miRNAs by methylated DNA immunoprecipitation sequencing. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:6165-6174. [PMID: 31534349 PMCID: PMC6682176 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s192248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current study aimed to explore the association between two epigenomic components, miRNA and DNA methylation, in bladder cancer (BC). METHODS Eight paired samples of tumor tissue and matched adjacent normal tissues from BC patients were subjected to methylated DNA immunoprecipitation sequencing and sRNA-Seq for differentially methylated miRNA genes and differential miRNA analysis. The miRNAs regulated by DNA methylation were screened and their functions involved in BC were analyzed using Gene Ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) as well as a miRNA-mRNA interaction network. RESULTS The methylation levels of 212 genes were different between tumors and normal tissues with specific enrichment at transcription initiation and termination sites. Among these genes, 154 were hypermethylated and 58 were hypomethylated. GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis indicated that differentially methylated miRNA genes were mainly enriched in tumor-associated GO terms and signaling pathways. Pairwise statistical analysis of MeDIP-Seq and sRNA-Seq data showed that there are 154 and 165 candidate methylation-regulated genes in tumors and normal tissues, respectively. Notably, an interaction network indicated that the miRNAs regulated by methylation regulated a broad range of mRNAs associated with cancer development and progression. In particular, the most differentially expressed miRNAs were validated by qRT-PCR, such that miR-145-5p was downregulated and miR-182-5p was upregulated in patients with bladder cancer. CONCLUSION A large number of miRNA genes were modified by methylation in BC. Identification of changes in the expression of these miRNAs provides a great deal of important information for BC diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Gao
- Central Laboratory, Haikou People’s Hospital, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou570208, Hainan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenwen Zheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou510655, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lili Ye
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jilin Provincial Tumor Hospital, Changchun130012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Wen
- Central Laboratory, Haikou People’s Hospital, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou570208, Hainan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shunlan Wang
- Central Laboratory, Haikou People’s Hospital, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou570208, Hainan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Cao
- Central Laboratory, Haikou People’s Hospital, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou570208, Hainan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xi Liu
- Central Laboratory, Haikou People’s Hospital, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou570208, Hainan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Denggao Huang
- Central Laboratory, Haikou People’s Hospital, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou570208, Hainan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Urology, People’s Hospital of Hainan Province, Haikou570311, Hainan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shufang Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Haikou People’s Hospital, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou570208, Hainan, People’s Republic of China
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Qian C, Wang B, Zou Y, Zhang Y, Hu X, Sun W, Xiao H, Liu H, Shi L. MicroRNA 145 enhances chemosensitivity of glioblastoma stem cells to demethoxycurcumin. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:6829-6840. [PMID: 31440081 PMCID: PMC6664422 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s210076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The presence of glioma stem cells (GSCs) is thought to be a key factor responsible for development of the incurable glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). GSCs are often displayed during chemotherapy resistance, except for demethoxycurcumin (DMC), a component of curcumin, which has been previously confirmed to inhibit GSCs proliferation and induce apoptosis. Purpose: The objective of this study was to identify the main mechanism underlying anti-GSCs resistance by DMC. Patients and methods: qRT-PCR was used to determine the expression of miR-145 in glioma patients and GSCs, and GSCs were transfected with miR-145 overexpressed vectors. Then, functional analyses (in vitro and in vivo) were performed to confirm the role of miR-145 and DMC in GSCs. Finally, related proteins were tested by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Results: miR-145 was atypically low-expressed miRNA in GSCs, and could enhance GSC chemosensitivity to DMC both in vitro and in vivo. Upregulation of miR-145 in GSCs resulted in increased cell growth inhibition and apoptosis to DMC. Further research on the mechanism demonstrated that the combined effects of miR-145 and DMC were involved in the miR-145/SOX2-Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Overexpression of SOX2 reduced GSC resistance to growth inhibition by miR-145+ DMC treatment. Conclusion: Our data strongly support an important role for miR-145 in enhancing GSC chemosensitivity to DMC by targeting the SOX2-Wnt/β-catenin axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunfa Qian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Suzhou 215300, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanjie Zou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yansong Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinhua Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbo Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Xiao
- Department of Neuro-Psychiatric Institute, Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyi Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Suzhou 215300, People's Republic of China
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Jia J, Wang J, Yin M, Liu Y. microRNA-605 directly targets SOX9 to alleviate the aggressive phenotypes of glioblastoma multiforme cell lines by deactivating the PI3K/Akt pathway. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:5437-5448. [PMID: 31360068 PMCID: PMC6625606 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s213026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aberrant microRNA (miRNA) expression has been widely reported to play a crucial role in the progression and development of glioblastoma (GBM). miR-605 has been identified as a tumor-suppressing miRNA in several types of human cancers. Nevertheless, the expression profile and detailed roles of miR-605 in GBM remain unclear and need to be further elucidated. Materials and methods RT-qPCR analysis was utilized for the determination of miR-605 expression in GBM tissues and cell lines. In addition, CCK-8 assay, transwell migration and invasion assays, as well as sub-cutaneous xenograft mouse models were utilized to evaluate the effects of miR-605 upregulation in GBM cells. Notably, the potential mechanisms underlying the activity of miR-605 in the malignant phenotypes of GBM were explored. Results We observed that expression of miR-605 was reduced in GBM tissues and cell lines. Decreased miR-605 expression exhibited significant correlation with KPS score. The overall survival rate in GBM patients with low miR-605 expression was lower than that of patients with high miR-605 expression. Increased miR-605 expression suppressed the proliferation, migration, and invasion of U251 and T98 cells. In addition, miR-605 upregulation impaired tumor growth in vivo. Furthermore, SRY-Box 9 (SOX9) was identified as a direct target gene of miR-605 in U251 and T98 cells. SOX9 expression was shown to exhibit an inverse correlation with miR-605 expression in GBM tissues. Moreover, silencing of SOX9 expression mimicked the tumor-suppressing roles of miR-605 in U251 and T98 cells, while SOX9 restoration rescued the suppressive effects of miR-605 overexpression in the same. Notably, miR-605 suppressed the PI3K/Akt pathway in GBM in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion These results demonstrated that miR-605 acts as a tumor suppressor in the development of GBM by directly targeting SOX9 and inhibiting the activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway, suggesting its potential role as a therapeutic target for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwu Jia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, Shandong 262500, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, Shandong 262500, People's Republic of China
| | - Meifeng Yin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, Shandong 262500, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongdong Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261041, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
While only a small part of the human genome encodes for proteins, biological functions for the so-called junk genome are increasingly being recognized through high-throughput technologies and mechanistic experimental studies. Indeed, novel mechanisms of gene regulation are being discovered that require coordinated interaction between DNA, RNA, and proteins. Therefore, interdisciplinary efforts are still needed to decipher these complex transcriptional networks. In this review, we discuss how non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are epigenetically regulated in cancer and metastases and consequently how ncRNAs participate in the sculpting of the epigenetic profile of a cancer cell, thus modulating the expression of other RNA molecules. In the latter case, ncRNAs not only affect the DNA methylation status of certain genomic loci but also interact with histone-modifying complexes, changing the structure of the chromatin itself. We present several examples of epigenetic changes causing aberrant expression of ncRNAs in the context of tumor progression. Interestingly, there are also important epigenetic changes and transcriptional regulatory effects derived from their aberrant expression. As ncRNAs can also be used as biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis or explored as potential targets, we present insights into the use of ncRNAs for targeted cancer therapy.
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38
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The role of SOX family members in solid tumours and metastasis. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 67:122-153. [PMID: 30914279 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a heavy burden for humans across the world with high morbidity and mortality. Transcription factors including sex determining region Y (SRY)-related high-mobility group (HMG) box (SOX) proteins are thought to be involved in the regulation of specific biological processes. The deregulation of gene expression programs can lead to cancer development. Here, we review the role of the SOX family in breast cancer, prostate cancer, renal cell carcinoma, thyroid cancer, brain tumours, gastrointestinal and lung tumours as well as the entailing therapeutic implications. The SOX family consists of more than 20 members that mediate DNA binding by the HMG domain and have regulatory functions in development, cell-fate decision, and differentiation. SOX2, SOX4, SOX5, SOX8, SOX9, and SOX18 are up-regulated in different cancer types and have been found to be associated with poor prognosis, while the up-regulation of SOX11 and SOX30 appears to be favourable for the outcome in other cancer types. SOX2, SOX4, SOX5 and other SOX members are involved in tumorigenesis, e.g. SOX2 is markedly up-regulated in chemotherapy resistant cells. The SoxF family (SOX7, SOX17, SOX18) plays an important role in angio- and lymphangiogenesis, with SOX18 seemingly being an attractive target for anti-angiogenic therapy and the treatment of metastatic disease in cancer. In summary, SOX transcription factors play an important role in cancer progression, including tumorigenesis, changes in the tumour microenvironment, and metastasis. Certain SOX proteins are potential molecular markers for cancer prognosis and putative potential therapeutic targets, but further investigations are required to understand their physiological functions.
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Zhang H, Zhang Z, Gao L, Qiao Z, Yu M, Yu B, Yang T. miR-1-3p suppresses proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma through targeting SOX9. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:2149-2157. [PMID: 30962696 PMCID: PMC6434909 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s197326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Liver cancer was the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death in 2015. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of liver cancer. miR-1-3p plays important roles in cancer, including prostate, bladder, lung cancer, and colorectal carcinoma. The function of miR-1-3p in HCC remains poorly understood. Methods qRT-PCR was performed to detect the miR-1-3p expression in HCC cell lines (HCCLM3, Hep3B, Bel-7404, SMMC-7721) and the normal human hepatic cell line (LO2). HCCLM3 and Bel-7404 cells were transfected with miR-1-3p mimic or scramble control followed by water-soluble tetrazolium salt (WST-1) assay. Western bolt analysis was performed to determine the protein levels. TargetScan7.1 (http://www.targetscan.org/vert_71/) was used to predict the potential targets of miR-1-3p. SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 9 (SOX9), which has been previously shown to play an important role in HCC, was found to be a target of miR-1-3p. Luciferase reporter assay was used to explore the targeting of miR-1-3p on SOX9. For in vivo tumorigenesis assay, HCCLM3 cells with stable overexpression of miR-1-3p or control plasmid were injected subcutaneously into the flank of the SCID mice and animals were monitored for tumor growth. Results miR-1-3p was significantly downregulated in HCC cell lines (HCCLM3, Hep3B, Bel-7404, and SMMC-7721) compared to normal human hepatic cell line (LO2). Overexpression of miR-1-3p significantly inhibited the proliferation and induced apoptosis in HCCLM3 and Bel-7474 cells. SOX9 was a direct target of miR-1-3p in HCC cells. Inhibition of SOX9 significantly inhibited the proliferation of HCCLM3 and Bel-7474 cells. In vivo, overexpression of miR-1-3p decreased tumor volume in a xenograft model. Conclusion These results highlight the role of miR-1-3p in HCC. Overexpression of miR-1-3P inhibited the proliferation of HCC at least partly due to the regulation of SOX9. miR-1-3p may be a promising therapeutic candidate for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, People's Republic of China, ,
| | - Zhenya Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Hebei Medical University Fourth Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050011, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Gao
- Center for Medical Research and Innovation, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, People's Republic of China,
| | - Zhengdong Qiao
- Center for Medical Research and Innovation, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, People's Republic of China,
| | - Minghua Yu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, People's Republic of China, , .,Center for Medical Research and Innovation, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, People's Republic of China,
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, People's Republic of China, ,
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Melling GE, Flannery SE, Abidin SA, Clemmens H, Prajapati P, Hinsley EE, Hunt S, Catto JWF, Coletta RD, Mellone M, Thomas GJ, Parkinson EK, Prime SS, Paterson IC, Buttle DJ, Lambert DW. A miRNA-145/TGF-β1 negative feedback loop regulates the cancer-associated fibroblast phenotype. Carcinogenesis 2019; 39:798-807. [PMID: 29506142 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgy032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The dissemination of cancer cells to local and distant sites depends on a complex and poorly understood interplay between malignant cells and the cellular and non-cellular components surrounding them, collectively termed the tumour microenvironment. One of the most abundant cell types of the tumour microenvironment is the fibroblast, which becomes corrupted by locally derived cues such as TGF-β1 and acquires an altered, heterogeneous phenotype (cancer-associated fibroblasts, CAF) supportive of tumour cell invasion and metastasis. Efforts to develop new treatments targeting the tumour mesenchyme are hampered by a poor understanding of the mechanisms underlying the development of CAF. Here, we examine the contribution of microRNA to the development of experimentally-derived CAF and correlate this with changes observed in CAF derived from tumours. Exposure of primary normal human fibroblasts to TGF-β1 resulted in the acquisition of a myofibroblastic CAF-like phenotype. This was associated with increased expression of miR-145, a miRNA predicted in silico to target multiple components of the TGF-β signalling pathway. miR-145 was also overexpressed in CAF derived from oral cancers. Overexpression of miR-145 blocked TGF-β1-induced myofibroblastic differentiation and reverted CAF towards a normal fibroblast phenotype. We conclude that miR-145 is a key regulator of the CAF phenotype, acting in a negative feedback loop to dampen acquisition of myofibroblastic traits, a key feature of CAF associated with poor disease outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah E Flannery
- Integrated Biosciences, School of Clinical Dentistry, Sheffield, UK
| | - Siti A Abidin
- Integrated Biosciences, School of Clinical Dentistry, Sheffield, UK
| | - Hannah Clemmens
- Integrated Biosciences, School of Clinical Dentistry, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Emma E Hinsley
- Integrated Biosciences, School of Clinical Dentistry, Sheffield, UK
| | - Stuart Hunt
- Integrated Biosciences, School of Clinical Dentistry, Sheffield, UK
| | - James W F Catto
- Unit of Academic Urology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Ricardo Della Coletta
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry, University of Campinas, Piracicaba-SP, Brazil
| | - Massimiliano Mellone
- Faculty of Medicine Cancer Sciences Unit, Southampton University, Somers Building, Southampton, UK
| | - Gareth J Thomas
- Faculty of Medicine Cancer Sciences Unit, Southampton University, Somers Building, Southampton, UK
| | - E Ken Parkinson
- Centre for Clinical & Diagnostic Oral Sciences, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Stephen S Prime
- Centre for Clinical & Diagnostic Oral Sciences, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Ian C Paterson
- Department of Oral Biology and Biomedical Sciences and Oral Cancer Research and Coordinating Centre, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - David J Buttle
- Department of Infection and Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Daniel W Lambert
- Integrated Biosciences, School of Clinical Dentistry, Sheffield, UK
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Rynkeviciene R, Simiene J, Strainiene E, Stankevicius V, Usinskiene J, Miseikyte Kaubriene E, Meskinyte I, Cicenas J, Suziedelis K. Non-Coding RNAs in Glioma. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 11:cancers11010017. [PMID: 30583549 PMCID: PMC6356972 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma is the most aggressive brain tumor of the central nervous system. The ability of glioma cells to migrate, rapidly diffuse and invade normal adjacent tissue, their sustained proliferation, and heterogeneity contribute to an overall survival of approximately 15 months for most patients with high grade glioma. Numerous studies indicate that non-coding RNA species have critical functions across biological processes that regulate glioma initiation and progression. Recently, new data emerged, which shows that the cross-regulation between long non-coding RNAs and small non-coding RNAs contribute to phenotypic diversity of glioblastoma subclasses. In this paper, we review data of long non-coding RNA expression, which was evaluated in human glioma tissue samples during a five-year period. Thus, this review summarizes the following: (I) the role of non-coding RNAs in glioblastoma pathogenesis, (II) the potential application of non-coding RNA species in glioma-grading, (III) crosstalk between lncRNAs and miRNAs (IV) future perspectives of non-coding RNAs as biomarkers for glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryte Rynkeviciene
- Nacional Cancer Institute, Santariskiu str. 1, LT-08660 Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Julija Simiene
- Nacional Cancer Institute, Santariskiu str. 1, LT-08660 Vilnius, Lithuania.
- Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio ave. 7, LT-08412 Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Egle Strainiene
- Nacional Cancer Institute, Santariskiu str. 1, LT-08660 Vilnius, Lithuania.
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Sauletekio ave. 11, LT-10122 Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Vaidotas Stankevicius
- Nacional Cancer Institute, Santariskiu str. 1, LT-08660 Vilnius, Lithuania.
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Jurgita Usinskiene
- Nacional Cancer Institute, Santariskiu str. 1, LT-08660 Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Edita Miseikyte Kaubriene
- Nacional Cancer Institute, Santariskiu str. 1, LT-08660 Vilnius, Lithuania.
- Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, M.K. Cˇiurlionio 21, LT-03101 Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Ingrida Meskinyte
- Proteomics Center, Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius University Life Sciences Center, Sauletekio al. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania.
- MAP Kinase Resource, Bioinformatics, Melchiorstrasse 9, 3027 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Jonas Cicenas
- Proteomics Center, Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius University Life Sciences Center, Sauletekio al. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania.
- MAP Kinase Resource, Bioinformatics, Melchiorstrasse 9, 3027 Bern, Switzerland.
- Energy and Biotechnology Engineering Institute, Aleksandro Stulginskio University, Studentų g. 11, LT-53361 Akademija, Lithuania.
| | - Kestutis Suziedelis
- Nacional Cancer Institute, Santariskiu str. 1, LT-08660 Vilnius, Lithuania.
- Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio ave. 7, LT-08412 Vilnius, Lithuania.
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Ma Q, Long W, Xing C, Chu J, Luo M, Wang HY, Liu Q, Wang RF. Cancer Stem Cells and Immunosuppressive Microenvironment in Glioma. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2924. [PMID: 30619286 PMCID: PMC6308128 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma is one of the most common malignant tumors of the central nervous system and is characterized by extensive infiltrative growth, neovascularization, and resistance to various combined therapies. In addition to heterogenous populations of tumor cells, the glioma stem cells (GSCs) and other nontumor cells present in the glioma microenvironment serve as critical regulators of tumor progression and recurrence. In this review, we discuss the role of several resident or peripheral factors with distinct tumor-promoting features and their dynamic interactions in the development of glioma. Localized antitumor factors could be silenced or even converted to suppressive phenotypes, due to stemness-related cell reprogramming and immunosuppressive mediators in glioma-derived microenvironment. Furthermore, we summarize the latest knowledge on GSCs and key microenvironment components, and discuss the emerging immunotherapeutic strategies to cure this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianquan Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery in Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Center for Inflammation and Epigenetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Wenyong Long
- Department of Neurosurgery in Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Changsheng Xing
- Center for Inflammation and Epigenetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Junjun Chu
- Center for Inflammation and Epigenetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Mei Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery in Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Center for Inflammation and Epigenetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Helen Y Wang
- Center for Inflammation and Epigenetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery in Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Rong-Fu Wang
- Center for Inflammation and Epigenetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States.,Institute of Biosciences and Technology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States
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43
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Shang Y, Kang Y, Sun J, Wei P, Yang J, Zhang H. MiR-145-modulated SOX9-mediated hypospadias through acting on mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:10397-10410. [PMID: 30565690 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
This study primarily explored how miR-145, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling and a downstream transcription factor (i.e., SOX9) mediated development of hypospadias. The hypospadias tissues and preputial tissues were isolated from pediatric inpatients postoperatively. Simultaneously, the rat models of hypospadias were established, and spermatogonial stem cells were separated. The expressions of proteins that symbolized cell apoptosis and oxidative stress were quantified via western blot analysis. Furthermore, the apoptosis, proliferation, and viability of cells were evaluated by means of flow cytometry, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and colony formation assays. The results of microarray indicated miR-145 as a differentially expressed biomarker between hypospadias tissues and normal tissues (p < 0.05). Moreover, rat models of hypospadias were observed with markedly lower vitamins A and E levels, reduced expressions of proteins relevant to oxidative stress (i.e., Nrf2, HO-1, Gpx, and SOD-1), as well as enhanced Bax and cleaved caspase-3 expressions ( p < 0.05). Furthermore, SOX9 was found to be targeted by miR-145, and it was also modified by phosphorylated extracellular-regulated kinase (p-ERK), a portion of MAPK signaling ( p < 0.05). The p-ERK was significantly regulated after altering the expression of miR-145 ( p < 0.05). Moreover, activation of p-ERK and transfection of pcDNA-SOX9 could cause higher expression of apoptins and larger apoptotic proportion of cells ( p < 0.05), yet transfection of miR-145 mimic led to improved cell apoptosis and depressed cell viability ( p < 0.05). In conclusion, SOX9, which was regulated by both miR-145 and miR-145/MAPK signaling, could be involved in the pathogenesis of hypospadias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafeng Shang
- Department of Urology, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, China
| | - Yanjie Kang
- Department of Urology, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, China
| | - Jiantao Sun
- Department of Urology, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, China
| | - Pengtao Wei
- Department of Urology, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, China
| | - Jinhui Yang
- Department of Urology, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Department of Urology, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, China
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Xiao S, Li Y, Pan Q, Ye M, He S, Tian Q, Xue M. MiR-34c/SOX9 axis regulates the chemoresistance of ovarian cancer cell to cisplatin-based chemotherapy. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:2940-2953. [PMID: 30537410 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cisplatin (DDP)-based chemotherapy is a standard strategy for ovarian cancer (OC), while chemoresistance remains a major therapeutic challenge. Transcription factor SOX9 has been reported to be associated with tumor cell proliferation, metastasis, and chemoresistance. In the current study, we observed a higher SOX9 expression in OC cell lines; SOX9 overexpression might aggravate the chemoresistance of the OC cell to DDP, whereas its knockdown enhanced the chemoresistance. We screened for candidate microRNAs (miRNAs) which might target SOX9 using online tools and further verified the effect of miR-34c, one of the candidate miRNA that significantly inhibited SOX9 expression, in the regulation of OC cell proliferation and chemoresistance to DDP. Further, we verified the interaction between SOX9 and miR-34c, as well as the involvement of β-catenin signaling in this process. Through the analysis of the correlation between miR-34c expression and the clinical features of patients with OC, we revealed that miR-34c might inhibit OC cell proliferation and chemoresistance to improve the prognosis of patients with OC. Further, the expression of SOX9, β-catenin, and c-Myc in OC tissues was upregulated and inversely correlated with miR-34c expression, indicating that rescuing miR-34c expression, thus to inhibit SOX9, β-catenin, and c-Myc expression presents a promising strategy of reducing the chemoresistance of the OC cell to DDP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songshu Xiao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yueran Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiong Pan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mingzhu Ye
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Sili He
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qi Tian
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Min Xue
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Khan M, Muzumdar D, Shiras A. Attenuation of Tumor Suppressive Function of FBXO16 Ubiquitin Ligase Activates Wnt Signaling In Glioblastoma. Neoplasia 2018; 21:106-116. [PMID: 30530053 PMCID: PMC6288984 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most aggressive and lethal types of brain tumor. Despite the advancements in conventional or targeted therapies, median survival of GBM patients is less than 12 months. Amongst various signaling pathways aberrantly activated in glioma, active Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is one of the crucial oncogenic players. β-catenin, an important mediator of Wnt signaling pathway, gets phosphorylated by GSK3β complex. Phosphorylated β-catenin is specifically recognized by β-Trcp1, a F-box/WD40-repeat protein and with the help of Skp1 it plays a central role in recruiting phosphorylated β-catenin for degradation. In GBM, expression of β-TrCP1 and its affinity for β catenin is reported to be very low. Hence, we investigated whether any other members of the E3 ubiquitin ligase family could be involved in degradation of nuclear β-catenin. We here report that FBXO16, a component of SCF E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, is an interacting protein partner for β-catenin and mediates its degradation. Next, we show that FBXO16 functions as a tumor suppressor in GBM. Under normal growth conditions, FBXO16 proteasomally degrades β-catenin in a GSK-3β independent manner. Specifically, the C-terminal region of FBXO16 targets the nuclear β-catenin for degradation and inhibits TCF4/LEF1 dependent Wnt signaling pathway. The nuclear fraction of β-catenin undergoes K-48 linked poly-ubiquitination in presence of FBXO16. In summary, we show that due to low expression of FBXO16, the β-catenin is not targeted in glioma cells leading to its nuclear accumulation resulting in active Wnt signaling. Activated Wnt signaling potentiates the glioma cells toward a highly proliferative and malignant state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsina Khan
- National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), SP Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Dattatraya Muzumdar
- Department of Neurosurgery, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Parel, Mumbai 400 012. India
| | - Anjali Shiras
- National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), SP Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411007, India.
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Lv J, Li S, Wan T, Yang Y, Cheng Y, Xue R. Inhibition of microRNA-30d attenuates the apoptosis and extracellular matrix degradation of degenerative human nucleus pulposus cells by up-regulating SOX9. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 296:89-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Zang L, Kondengaden SM, Che F, Wang L, Heng X. Potential Epigenetic-Based Therapeutic Targets for Glioma. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:408. [PMID: 30498431 PMCID: PMC6249994 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma is characterized by a high recurrence rate, short survival times, high rates of mortality and treatment difficulties. Surgery, chemotherapy and radiation (RT) are the standard treatments, but outcomes rarely improve even after treatment. With the advancement of molecular pathology, recent studies have found that the development of glioma is closely related to various epigenetic phenomena, including DNA methylation, abnormal microRNA (miRNA), chromatin remodeling and histone modifications. Owing to the reversibility of epigenetic modifications, the proteins and genes that regulate these changes have become new targets in the treatment of glioma. In this review, we present a summary of the potential therapeutic targets of glioma and related effective treating drugs from the four aspects mentioned above. We further illustrate how epigenetic mechanisms dynamically regulate the pathogenesis and discuss the challenges of glioma treatment. Currently, among the epigenetic treatments, DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitors and histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs) can be used for the treatment of tumors, either individually or in combination. In the treatment of glioma, only HDACIs remain a good option and they provide new directions for the treatment. Due to the complicated pathogenesis of glioma, epigenetic applications to glioma clinical treatment are still limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanlan Zang
- Central Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Linyi People's Hospital, Shandong University, Linyi, China.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shukkoor Muhammed Kondengaden
- Chemistry Department and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Fengyuan Che
- Central Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Linyi People's Hospital, Shandong University, Linyi, China.,Department of Neurology, Linyi People's Hospital, Shandong University, Linyi, China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Central Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Linyi People's Hospital, Shandong University, Linyi, China
| | - Xueyuan Heng
- Department of Neurology, Linyi People's Hospital, Shandong University, Linyi, China
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Regulatory mechanisms of miR-145 expression and the importance of its function in cancer metastasis. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 109:195-207. [PMID: 30396077 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are post-transcriptional mediators of gene expression and regulation, which play influential roles in tumorigenesis and cancer metastasis. The expression of tumor suppressor miR-145 is reduced in various cancer cell lines, containing both solid tumors and blood malignancies. However, the responsible mechanisms of its down-regulation are a complicated network. miR-145 is potentially able to inhbit tumor cell metastasis by targeting of multiple oncogenes, including MUC1, FSCN1, Vimentin, Cadherin, Fibronectin, Metadherin, GOLM1, ARF6, SMAD3, MMP11, Snail1, ZEB1/2, HIF-1α and Rock-1. This distinctive role of miR-145 in the regulation of metastasis-related gene expression may introduce miR-145 as an ideal candidate for controlling of cancer metastasis by miRNA replacement therapy. The present review aims to discuss the current understanding of the different aspects of molecular mechanisms of miR-145 regulation as well as its role in r metastasis regulation.
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Wu J, Du M, Zhang Q, Zhang W, Fan Y, Yin L, Fei Q, Jiang X, Chen W, Zhu H, Yan P, He X, Bian X. Long noncoding RNA UCA1 promotes the proliferation, invasion, and migration of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells via modulation of miR-145. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:7483-7492. [PMID: 30498361 PMCID: PMC6207254 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s182290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a common malignant tumor characterized by highly malignant local invasion and distant metastasis. Recently, increasing attention has been paid to long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), which play significant roles in tumorigenesis and progression. However, little is known about the potential role of the lncRNA urothelial carcinoma-associated 1 (UCA1) in NPC cell invasion and migration. METHODS Real-time quantitative PCR was used to analyze the expression of lncRNA UCA1 in NPC cell lines and NP69. lncRNA UCA1 knock-down nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line models were established through siRNA. Cell viability was evaluated by Cell counting kit-8 and Colony forming assay. The migration and invasion capacities were evaluated by wound healing and transwell migration and invasion assays. Western blot analysis were used to examine protein changes followed by UCA1 knock-down. RESULTS Our study confirmed that UCA1 was upregulated in NPC cell lines and involved in NPC tumorigenesis according to our established UCA1-associated competing endogenous RNA network. Moreover, functional analyses indicated that the downregulation of UCA1 exerted inhibitory effects on cell proliferation, invasion, and migration. Mechanistic analyses revealed that UCA1 was the target of miR-145 and functioned as a sponge to repress miR-145 expression. Rescue experiments suggested that lncRNA UCA1 reversed the miR-145-mediated inhibition on oncogene ADAM17 expression, thus promoting the proliferation, invasion, and migration of NPC cells. CONCLUSION LncRNA UCA1 functions as a tumor promoter in NPC. UCA1 promotes the proliferation and invasion of NPC cells by sponging miR-145, functionally altering ADAM17 expression targeted by miR-145. Our exploration of the underlying mechanism of UCA1 in NPC may provide novel therapeutic targets for NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China, ;
| | - Mingyu Du
- Department of Radiotherapy, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China, ;
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China, ;
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanxin Fan
- Department of Radiotherapy, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China, ;
| | - Li Yin
- Department of Radiotherapy, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China, ;
| | - Qian Fei
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuesong Jiang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China, ;
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Radiotherapy, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China, ;
| | - Huanfeng Zhu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China, ;
| | - Pengwei Yan
- Department of Radiotherapy, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China, ;
| | - Xia He
- Department of Radiotherapy, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China, ;
| | - Xiuhua Bian
- Department of Radiotherapy, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China, ;
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Panda S, Setia M, Kaur N, Shepal V, Arora V, Singh DK, Mondal A, Teli A, Tathode M, Gajula R, Padhy LC, Shiras A. Noncoding RNA Ginir functions as an oncogene by associating with centrosomal proteins. PLoS Biol 2018; 16:e2004204. [PMID: 30296263 PMCID: PMC6193740 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2004204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs constitute a major fraction of the eukaryotic transcriptome, and together with proteins, they intricately fine-tune various growth regulatory signals to control cellular homeostasis. Here, we describe the functional characterisation of a novel pair of long intergenic noncoding RNAs (lincRNAs) comprised of complementary, fully overlapping sense and antisense transcripts Genomic Instability Inducing RNA (Ginir) and antisense RNA of Ginir (Giniras), respectively, from mouse cells. This transcript pair is expressed in a spatiotemporal manner during embryonic development. The individual levels of the sense and antisense transcripts are finely balanced during embryonic growth and in adult tissues. Functional studies of the individual transcripts performed using overexpression and knock-down strategies in mouse cells has led to the discovery that Ginir RNA is a regulator of cellular proliferation and can act as an oncogene having a preeminent role in malignant transformation. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that the oncogenic function of Ginir is mediated by its interaction with centrosomal protein 112 (Cep112). Additionally, we establish here a specific interaction between Cep112 with breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein (Brca1), another centrosome-associated protein. Next, we prove that the mutual interaction between Cep112 with Brca1 is significant for mitotic regulation and maintenance of genomic stability. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the Cep112 protein interaction with Brca1 protein is impaired when an elevated level of Ginir RNA is present in the cells, resulting in severe deregulation and abnormality in mitosis, leading to malignant transformation. Inhibiting the Ginir RNA function in transformed cells attenuates transformation and restores genomic stability. Together, these findings unravel, to our knowledge, a hitherto-unknown mechanism of oncogenesis mediated by a long noncoding RNA and establishes a unique role of Cep112–Brca1 interaction being modulated by Ginir RNA in maintaining mitotic fidelity. The growth of multicellular organisms is tightly regulated by cellular homeostasis mediated by cell division. This is achieved with the help of various proteins acting in a highly coordinated manner via intricately woven intercellular signalling pathways, which regulate cell division. Here, we identify a long noncoding RNA pair, which we named Genomic Instability Inducing RNA (Ginir)/antisense RNA of Ginir (Giniras), and explore its function in cellular homeostasis. We show that this RNA pair is expressed in a spatiotemporally regulated manner during development and is enriched in the brain. We find that Ginir acts as a dominant oncogene when Ginir transcript levels are overexpressed in mouse fibroblasts and that centrosomal protein 112 (Cep112) is its interacting protein partner. We also report that Cep112 interacts with breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein (Brca1), a protein well known for its role in genome surveillance. Our data reveal that interactions between these two proteins are perturbed in the presence of excessive levels of Ginir RNA, which results in aberrant mitosis and drives the cells towards neoplastic transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchismita Panda
- National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Pune, India
| | - Meenakshi Setia
- National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Pune, India
| | - Navjot Kaur
- National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Pune, India
| | - Varsha Shepal
- National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Pune, India
| | - Vivek Arora
- National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Pune, India
| | - Divya Kumari Singh
- National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Pune, India
| | - Abir Mondal
- National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Pune, India
| | - Abhishek Teli
- National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Pune, India
| | | | - Rajendra Gajula
- National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Pune, India
| | - L. C. Padhy
- Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, (KIIT), Bhubaneswar, India
- * E-mail: (LCP); (AS)
| | - Anjali Shiras
- National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Pune, India
- * E-mail: (LCP); (AS)
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