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Autry AW, Vaziri S, Gordon JW, Chen HY, Kim Y, Dang D, LaFontaine M, Noeske R, Bok R, Villanueva-Meyer JE, Clarke JL, Oberheim Bush NA, Chang SM, Xu D, Lupo JM, Larson PEZ, Vigneron DB, Li Y. Advanced Hyperpolarized 13C Metabolic Imaging Protocol for Patients with Gliomas: A Comprehensive Multimodal MRI Approach. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:354. [PMID: 38254844 PMCID: PMC10814348 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16020354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to implement a multimodal 1H/HP-13C imaging protocol to augment the serial monitoring of patients with glioma, while simultaneously pursuing methods for improving the robustness of HP-13C metabolic data. A total of 100 1H/HP [1-13C]-pyruvate MR examinations (104 HP-13C datasets) were acquired from 42 patients according to the comprehensive multimodal glioma imaging protocol. Serial data coverage, accuracy of frequency reference, and acquisition delay were evaluated using a mixed-effects model to account for multiple exams per patient. Serial atlas-based HP-13C MRI demonstrated consistency in volumetric coverage measured by inter-exam dice coefficients (0.977 ± 0.008, mean ± SD; four patients/11 exams). The atlas-derived prescription provided significantly improved data quality compared to manually prescribed acquisitions (n = 26/78; p = 0.04). The water-based method for referencing [1-13C]-pyruvate center frequency significantly reduced off-resonance excitation relative to the coil-embedded [13C]-urea phantom (4.1 ± 3.7 Hz vs. 9.9 ± 10.7 Hz; p = 0.0007). Significantly improved capture of tracer inflow was achieved with the 2-s versus 5-s HP-13C MRI acquisition delay (p = 0.007). This study demonstrated the implementation of a comprehensive multimodal 1H/HP-13C MR protocol emphasizing the monitoring of steady-state/dynamic metabolism in patients with glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam W. Autry
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Sana Vaziri
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jeremy W. Gordon
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Hsin-Yu Chen
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Yaewon Kim
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Duy Dang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Marisa LaFontaine
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | | | - Robert Bok
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Javier E. Villanueva-Meyer
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jennifer L. Clarke
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Nancy Ann Oberheim Bush
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Susan M. Chang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Duan Xu
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Janine M. Lupo
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Peder E. Z. Larson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Daniel B. Vigneron
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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Tomanelli M, Florio T, Vargas GC, Pagano A, Modesto P. Domestic Animal Models of Central Nervous System Tumors: Focus on Meningiomas. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2284. [PMID: 38137885 PMCID: PMC10744527 DOI: 10.3390/life13122284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracranial primary tumors (IPTs) are aggressive forms of malignancies that cause high mortality in both humans and domestic animals. Meningiomas are frequent adult IPTs in humans, dogs, and cats, and both benign and malignant forms cause a decrease in life quality and survival. Surgery is the primary therapeutic approach to treat meningiomas, but, in many cases, it is not resolutive. The chemotherapy and targeted therapy used to treat meningiomas also display low efficacy and many side effects. Therefore, it is essential to find novel pharmacological approaches to increase the spectrum of therapeutic options for meningiomas. This review analyzes the similarities between human and domestic animal (dogs and cats) meningiomas by evaluating the molecular and histological characteristics, diagnosis criteria, and treatment options and highlighting possible research areas to identify novel targets and pharmacological approaches, which are useful for the diagnosis and therapy of this neoplasia to be used in human and veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Tomanelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy; (G.C.V.); (A.P.)
| | - Tullio Florio
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Internal Medicine (DIMI), University of Genova, 16126 Genova, Italy;
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Gabriela Coronel Vargas
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy; (G.C.V.); (A.P.)
| | - Aldo Pagano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy; (G.C.V.); (A.P.)
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Paola Modesto
- National Reference Center for Veterinary and Comparative Oncology, Veterinary Medical Research Institute for Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Torino, Italy
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3
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Vidali S, Feichtinger RG, Emberger M, Brunner SM, Gaisbauer S, Blatt T, Smiles WJ, Kreutzer C, Weise JM, Kofler B. Ageing is associated with a reduction in markers of mitochondrial energy metabolism in the human epidermis. Exp Dermatol 2023. [PMID: 36851889 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
The decline of mitochondrial function throughout the lifespan is directly linked to the development of ageing phenotypes of the skin. Here, we assessed alterations in markers of epidermal mitochondrial energy metabolism as a function of skin age. Human skin samples from distinct anatomical regions were obtained during routine dermatological surgery from 21 young (27.6 ± 1.71 year) and 22 old (76.2 ± 1.73 year) donors. Sections of skin samples were analysed by immunohistochemistry for mitochondrial subunits of each electron transport chain complex (I-V)/oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), as well as proteins serving as a marker of mitochondrial mass (VDAC1) and the regulation of DNA transcription (TFAM). Staining intensities of ATP5F1A (comprising complex V) and TFAM in the epidermis of older subjects were significantly decreased compared with younger donors. Moreover, these effects were independent of UV exposure of the stained skin section. Overall, we demonstrate that ageing is associated with reduced protein levels of complex V of the mitochondrial respiratory chain and TFAM. These alterations may impair essential mitochondrial functions, exacerbating the cutaneous ageing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Vidali
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - René G Feichtinger
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | | | - Susanne Maria Brunner
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Stefanie Gaisbauer
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Thomas Blatt
- Research & Development, Beiersdorf AG, Hamburg, Germany
| | - William J Smiles
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Christina Kreutzer
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Institute of Experimental Neuroregeneration, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Julia M Weise
- Research & Development, Beiersdorf AG, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Barbara Kofler
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
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Katsuzawa T, Kujirai K, Kamisuki S, Shinoda Y. Avenaciolide Induces Apoptosis in Human Malignant Meningioma Cells through the Production of Reactive Oxygen Species. Biol Pharm Bull 2022; 45:517-521. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b21-01039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Katsuzawa
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences
| | - Kohei Kujirai
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences
| | - Shinji Kamisuki
- Laboratory of Chemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University
| | - Yo Shinoda
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences
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Metabolic Tumor Microenvironment Characterization of Contrast Enhancing Brain Tumors Using Physiologic MRI. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11100668. [PMID: 34677383 PMCID: PMC8537028 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11100668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is a critical regulator of cancer development and progression as well as treatment response and resistance in brain neoplasms. The available techniques for investigation, however, are not well suited for noninvasive in vivo characterization in humans. A total of 120 patients (59 females; 61 males) with newly diagnosed contrast-enhancing brain tumors (64 glioblastoma, 20 brain metastases, 15 primary central nervous system (CNS) lymphomas (PCNSLs), and 21 meningiomas) were examined with a previously established physiological MRI protocol including quantitative blood-oxygen-level-dependent imaging and vascular architecture mapping. Six MRI biomarker maps for oxygen metabolism and neovascularization were fused for classification of five different tumor microenvironments: glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos), hypoxia with/without neovascularization, and necrosis. Glioblastoma showed the highest metabolic heterogeneity followed by brain metastasis with a glycolysis-to-OxPhos ratio of approximately 2:1 in both tumor entities. In addition, glioblastoma revealed a significant higher percentage of hypoxia (24%) compared to all three other brain tumor entities: brain metastasis (7%; p < 0.001), PCNSL (8%; p = 0.001), and meningioma (8%; p = 0.003). A more aggressive biological brain tumor behavior was associated with a higher percentage of hypoxia and necrosis and a lower percentage of remaining vital tumor tissue and aerobic glycolysis. The proportion of oxidative phosphorylation, however, was rather similar (17–26%) for all four brain tumor entities. Tumor microenvironment (TME) mapping provides insights into neurobiological differences of contrast-enhancing brain tumors and deserves further clinical cancer research attention. Although there is a long roadmap ahead, TME mapping may become useful in order to develop new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
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Kušíková K, Feichtinger RG, Csillag B, Kalev OK, Weis S, Duba HC, Mayr JA, Weis D. Case Report and Review of the Literature: A New and a Recurrent Variant in the VARS2 Gene Are Associated With Isolated Lethal Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy, Hyperlactatemia, and Pulmonary Hypertension in Early Infancy. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:660076. [PMID: 33937156 PMCID: PMC8085550 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.660076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondriopathies represent a wide spectrum of miscellaneous disorders with multisystem involvement, which are caused by various genetic changes. The establishment of the diagnosis of mitochondriopathy is often challenging. Recently, several mutations of the VARS2 gene encoding the mitochondrial valyl-tRNA synthetase were associated with early onset encephalomyopathies or encephalocardiomyopathies with major clinical features such as hypotonia, developmental delay, brain MRI changes, epilepsy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and plasma lactate elevation. However, the correlation between genotype and phenotype still remains unclear. In this paper we present a male Caucasian patient with a recurrent c.1168G>A (p.Ala390Thr) and a new missense biallelic variant c.2758T>C (p.Tyr920His) in the VARS2 gene which were detected by whole exome sequencing (WES). VARS2 protein was reduced in the patient's muscle. A resulting defect of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) was proven by enzymatic assay, western blotting and immunohistochemistry from a homogenate of skeletal muscle tissue. Clinical signs of our patient included hyperlactatemia, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and pulmonary hypertension, which led to early death at the age of 47 days without any other known accompanying signs. The finding of novel variants in the VARS2 gene expands the spectrum of known mutations and phenotype presentation. Based on our findings we recommend to consider possible mitochondriopathy and to include the analysis of the VARS2 gene in the genetic diagnostic algorithm in cases with early manifesting and rapidly progressing HCM with hyperlactatemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarína Kušíková
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Medical School, Comenius University and National Institute of Children's Diseases, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - René Günther Feichtinger
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Bernhard Csillag
- Department of Neonatology, Kepler University Hospital Med Campus IV, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Ognian Kostadinov Kalev
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, Kepler University Hospital Neuromed Campus, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Serge Weis
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, Kepler University Hospital Neuromed Campus, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Hans-Christoph Duba
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kepler University Hospital Med Campus IV, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Johannes Adalbert Mayr
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Denisa Weis
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kepler University Hospital Med Campus IV, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
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Esparza-Moltó PB, Cuezva JM. Reprogramming Oxidative Phosphorylation in Cancer: A Role for RNA-Binding Proteins. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 33:927-945. [PMID: 31910046 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Cancer is a major disease imposing high personal and economic burden draining large part of National Health Care and Research budgets worldwide. In the last decade, research in cancer has underscored the reprogramming of metabolism to an enhanced aerobic glycolysis as a major trait of the cancer phenotype with great potential for targeted therapy. Recent Advances: Mitochondria are essential organelles in metabolic reprogramming for controlling the production of biological energy through oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and the supply of metabolic precursors that sustain proliferation. In addition, mitochondria are critical hubs that integrate different signaling pathways that control cellular metabolism and cell fate. The mitochondrial ATP synthase plays a fundamental role in OXPHOS and cellular signaling. Critical Issues: This review overviews mitochondrial metabolism and OXPHOS, and the major changes reported in the expression and function of mitochondrial proteins of OXPHOS in oncogenesis and in cellular differentiation. We summarize the prominent role that RNA-binding proteins (RNABPs) play in the sorting and localized translation of nuclear-encoded mRNAs that help define the mitochondrial cell-type-specific phenotype. Moreover, we emphasize the mechanisms that contribute to restrain the activity and expression of the mitochondrial ATP synthase in carcinomas, and illustrate that the dysregulation of proteins that control energy metabolism correlates with patients' survival. Future Directions: Future research should elucidate the mechanisms and RNABPs that promote the specific alterations of the mitochondrial phenotype in carcinomas arising from different tissues with the final aim of developing new therapeutic strategies to treat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pau B Esparza-Moltó
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - José M Cuezva
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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8
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Metabolic reprogramming and disease progression in cancer patients. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165721. [PMID: 32057942 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Genomics has contributed to the treatment of a fraction of cancer patients. However, there is a need to profile the proteins that define the phenotype of cancer and its pathogenesis. The reprogramming of metabolism is a major trait of the cancer phenotype with great potential for prognosis and targeted therapy. This review overviews the major changes reported in the steady-state levels of proteins of metabolism in primary carcinomas, paying attention to those enzymes that correlate with patients' survival. The upregulation of enzymes of glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway, lipogenesis, glutaminolysis and the antioxidant defense is concurrent with the downregulation of mitochondrial proteins involved in oxidative phosphorylation, emphasizing the potential of mitochondrial metabolism as a promising therapeutic target in cancer. We stress that high-throughput quantitative expression profiling of differentially expressed proteins in large cohorts of carcinomas paired with normal tissues will accelerate translation of metabolism to a successful personalized medicine in cancer.
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Pestoni JC, Klingeman Plati S, Valdivia Camacho OD, Fuse MA, Onatunde M, Sparrow NA, Karajannis MA, Fernández-Valle C, Franco MC. Peroxynitrite supports a metabolic reprogramming in merlin-deficient Schwann cells and promotes cell survival. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:11354-11368. [PMID: 31171721 PMCID: PMC6663865 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.007152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) is an autosomal-dominant disorder characterized by the development of bilateral vestibular schwannomas. The NF2 gene encodes the tumor suppressor merlin, and loss of merlin activity promotes tumorigenesis and causes NF2. Cellular redox signaling has been implicated in different stages of tumor development. Among reactive nitrogen species, peroxynitrite is the most powerful oxidant produced by cells. We recently showed that peroxynitrite-mediated tyrosine nitration down-regulates mitochondrial metabolism in tumor cells. However, whether peroxynitrite supports a metabolic shift that could be exploited for therapeutic development is unknown. Here, we show that vestibular schwannomas from NF2 patients and human, merlin-deficient (MD) Schwann cells have high levels of endogenous tyrosine nitration, indicating production of peroxynitrite. Furthermore, scavenging or inhibiting peroxynitrite formation significantly and selectively decreased survival of human and mouse MD-Schwann cells. Using multiple complementary methods, we also found that merlin deficiency leads to a reprogramming of energy metabolism characterized by a peroxynitrite-dependent decrease of oxidative phosphorylation and increased glycolysis and glutaminolysis. In MD-Schwann cells, scavenging of peroxynitrite increased mitochondrial oxygen consumption and membrane potential, mediated by the up-regulation of the levels and activity of mitochondrial complex IV. This increase in mitochondrial activity correlated with a decrease in the glycolytic rate and glutamine dependence. This is the first demonstration of a peroxynitrite-dependent reprogramming of energy metabolism in tumor cells. Oxidized proteins constitute a novel target for therapeutic development not only for the treatment of NF2 schwannomas but also other tumors in which peroxynitrite plays a regulatory role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanine C Pestoni
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, College of Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331
| | - Stephani Klingeman Plati
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32827
| | - Oliver D Valdivia Camacho
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, College of Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331
| | - Marisa A Fuse
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32827
| | - Maria Onatunde
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32827
| | - Nicklaus A Sparrow
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32827
| | - Matthias A Karajannis
- Department of Pediatrics and Otolaryngology, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York 10016
| | - Cristina Fernández-Valle
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32827
| | - Maria Clara Franco
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, College of Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331
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Reduced Levels of ATP Synthase Subunit ATP5F1A Correlate with Earlier-Onset Prostate Cancer. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:1347174. [PMID: 30538797 PMCID: PMC6261400 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1347174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Switching of cellular energy production from oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) to aerobic glycolysis occurs in many types of tumors. However, the significance of energy metabolism for the development of prostate carcinoma is poorly understood. We investigated the expression of OXPHOS complexes in 94 human prostate carcinomas and paired benign tissue using immunohistochemistry. Overall mitochondrial mass was upregulated in carcinomas compared to benign prostate tissue in all Gleason grades. A significant direct correlation between the expression of OXPHOS complexes I, II, and V and the Gleason score was observed. However, 17% of prostate carcinomas and 18% of benign prostate tissues showed isolated or combined deficiency of OXPHOS complexes (one deficiency in 12% of the tumors, combined deficiencies in 5%). Complex I was absent in 9% of the samples, with only parts of the tumor affected. ATP5F1A, a complex V protein, was the most frequently affected subunit, in 10% of tumors and 11% of benign prostate tissues (but not both tissues in any single patient). A possible role of complex V in prostate cancer development is suggested by the significant positive correlation of ATP5F1A levels with earlier-onset prostate cancer (age at diagnosis and at prostatectomy) and free PSA percentage. The relatively high percentage (17%) of prostate carcinomas with regional foci of partial OXPHOS complex deficiencies could have important therapeutic implications.
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The ketogenic diet is not feasible as a therapy in a CD-1 nu/nu mouse model of renal cell carcinoma with features of Stauffer's syndrome. Oncotarget 2017; 8:57201-57215. [PMID: 28915665 PMCID: PMC5593636 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The ketogenic diet (KD), a high-fat low-carbohydrate diet, has shown some efficacy in the treatment of certain types of tumors such as brain tumors and neuroblastoma. These tumors are characterized by the Warburg effect. Because renal cell carcinoma (RCC) presents similar energetic features as neuroblastoma, KD might also be effective in the treatment of RCC. To test this, we established xenografts with RCC 786-O cells in CD-1 nu/nu mice and then randomized them to a control diet or to KDs with different triglyceride contents. Although the KDs tended to reduce tumor growth, mouse survival was dramatically reduced due to massive weight loss. A possible explanation comes from observations of human RCC patients, who often experience secondary non-metastatic hepatic dysfunction due to secretion of high levels of inflammatory cytokines by the RCCs. Measurement of the mRNA levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and interleukin-6 revealed high expression in the RCC xenografts compared to the original 786-O cells. The expression of TNFα, interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein were all increased in the livers of tumor-bearing mice, and KD significantly boosted their expression. KDs did not cause weight loss or liver inflammation in healthy mice, suggesting that KDs are per se safe, but might be contraindicated in the treatment of RCC patients presenting with Stauffer's syndrome, because they potentially worsen the associated hepatic dysfunction.
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12
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Oxidative Phosphorylation System in Gastric Carcinomas and Gastritis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:1320241. [PMID: 28744336 PMCID: PMC5506471 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1320241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Switching of cellular energy production from oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) by mitochondria to aerobic glycolysis occurs in many types of tumors. However, the significance of this switching for the development of gastric carcinoma and what connection it may have to Helicobacter pylori infection of the gut, a primary cause of gastric cancer, are poorly understood. Therefore, we investigated the expression of OXPHOS complexes in two types of human gastric carcinomas ("intestinal" and "diffuse"), bacterial gastritis with and without metaplasia, and chemically induced gastritis by using immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, we analyzed the effect of HP infection on several key mitochondrial proteins. Complex I expression was significantly reduced in intestinal type (but not diffuse) gastric carcinomas compared to adjacent control tissue, and the reduction was independent of HP infection. Significantly, higher complex I and complex II expression was present in large tumors. Furthermore, higher complex II and complex III protein levels were also obvious in grade 3 versus grade 2. No differences of OXPHOS complexes and markers of mitochondrial biogenesis were found between bacterially caused and chemically induced gastritis. Thus, intestinal gastric carcinomas, but not precancerous stages, are frequently characterized by loss of complex I, and this pathophysiology occurs independently of HP infection.
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