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Ahluwalia MS, Ozair A, Drappatz J, Ye X, Peng S, Lee M, Rath S, Dhruv H, Hao Y, Berens ME, Walbert T, Holdhoff M, Lesser GJ, Cloughesy TF, Sloan AE, Takebe N, Couce M, Peereboom DM, Nabors B, Wen PY, Grossman SA, Rogers LR. Evaluating the Base Excision Repair Inhibitor TRC102 and Temozolomide for Patients with Recurrent Glioblastoma in the Phase 2 Adult Brain Tumor Consortium Trial BERT. Clin Cancer Res 2024; 30:3167-3178. [PMID: 38836759 PMCID: PMC11293959 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-23-4098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Patients with glioblastoma (GBM) have a dismal prognosis. Although the DNA alkylating agent temozolomide (TMZ) is the mainstay of chemotherapy, therapeutic resistance rapidly develops in patients. Base excision repair inhibitor TRC102 (methoxyamine) reverses TMZ resistance in preclinical glioma models. We aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of oral TRC102+TMZ in recurrent GBM (rGBM). PATIENTS AND METHODS A preregistered (NCT02395692), nonrandomized, multicenter, phase 2 clinical trial (BERT) was planned and conducted through the Adult Brain Tumor Consortium (ABTC-1402). Arm 1 included patients with bevacizumab-naïve GBM at the first recurrence, with the primary endpoint of response rates. If sufficient activity was identified, a second arm was planned for the bevacizumab-refractory patients. The secondary endpoints were overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), PFS at 6 months (PFS6), and toxicity. RESULTS Arm 1 enrolled 19 patients with a median of two treatment cycles. Objective responses were not observed; hence, arm 2 did not open. The median OS was 11.1 months [95% confidence interval (CI), 8.2-17.9]. The median PFS was 1.9 months (95% CI, 1.8-3.7). The PFS6 was 10.5% (95% CI, 1.3%-33.1%). Most toxicities were grades 1 and 2, with two grade 3 lymphopenias and one grade 4 thrombocytopenia. Two patients with PFS ≥ 17 months and OS > 32 months were deemed "extended survivors." RNA sequencing of tumor tissue, obtained at diagnosis, demonstrated significantly enriched signatures of DNA damage response (DDR), chromosomal instability (CIN70, CIN25), and cellular proliferation (PCNA25) in "extended survivors." CONCLUSIONS These findings confirm the safety and feasibility of TRC102+TMZ in patients with rGBM. They also warrant further evaluation of combination therapy in biomarker-enriched trials enrolling GBM patients with baseline hyperactivated DDR pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manmeet S. Ahluwalia
- Rose and Ella Burkhardt Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL, USA
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ahmad Ozair
- Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL, USA
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jan Drappatz
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Xiaobu Ye
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sen Peng
- Brain Tumor Unit, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Matthew Lee
- Brain Tumor Unit, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Sanhita Rath
- Brain Tumor Unit, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Harshil Dhruv
- Brain Tumor Unit, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Yue Hao
- Brain Tumor Unit, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Michael E. Berens
- Brain Tumor Unit, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Tobias Walbert
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Matthias Holdhoff
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Glenn J. Lesser
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Wake Forest Medical Center, Winston, NC, USA
| | | | - Andrew E. Sloan
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Piedmont Healthcare, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Naoko Takebe
- Developmental Therapeutics Clinic, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Marta Couce
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - David M. Peereboom
- Rose and Ella Burkhardt Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Burt Nabors
- Department of Neurology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Patrick Y. Wen
- Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stuart A. Grossman
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Lisa R. Rogers
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, USA
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2
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Ahluwalia MS, Ozair A, Rudek M, Ye X, Holdhoff M, Lieberman FS, Piotrowski AF, Nabors B, Desai A, Lesser G, Huang RC, Glenn S, Khosla AA, Peereboom DM, Wen PY, Grossman SA. A multicenter, phase 1, Adult Brain Tumor Consortium trial of oral terameprocol for patients with recurrent high-grade glioma (GATOR). Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101630. [PMID: 38955178 PMCID: PMC11293336 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Recurrent high-grade gliomas (rHGGs) have a dismal prognosis, where the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of IV terameprocol (5 days/month), a transcriptional inhibitor of specificity protein 1 (Sp1)-regulated proteins, is 1,700 mg/day with median area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) of 31.3 μg∗h/mL. Given potentially increased efficacy with sustained systemic exposure and challenging logistics of daily IV therapy, here we investigate oral terameprocol for rHGGs in a multicenter, phase 1 trial (GATOR). Using a 3 + 3 dose-escalation design, we enroll 20 patients, with median age 60 years (range 31-80), 70% male, and median one relapse (range 1-3). Fasting patients tolerate 1,200 mg/day (n = 3), 2,400 mg/day (n = 6), 3,600 mg/day (n = 3), and 6,000 mg/day (n = 2) oral doses without major toxicities. However, increased dosage does not lead to increased systemic exposure, including in fed state (6,000 mg/day, n = 4), with maximal AUC <5 μg∗h/mL. These findings warrant trials investigating approaches that provide sustained systemic levels of transcription inhibitors to exploit their therapeutic potential. This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02575794).
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Affiliation(s)
- Manmeet S Ahluwalia
- Rose and Ella Burkhardt Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA; Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Ahmad Ozair
- Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL, USA; Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michelle Rudek
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xiaobu Ye
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Matthias Holdhoff
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Frank S Lieberman
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Anna F Piotrowski
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Burt Nabors
- Department of Neurology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Arati Desai
- Department of Neurology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Glenn Lesser
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Wake Forest Medical Center, Winston, NC, USA
| | - Ru Chih Huang
- Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Steve Glenn
- Independent Consultant to Erimos Pharmaceuticals, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Atulya A Khosla
- Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL, USA
| | - David M Peereboom
- Rose and Ella Burkhardt Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Patrick Y Wen
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stuart A Grossman
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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3
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Zhang Z, Cao W, Xing H, Guo S, Huang L, Wang L, Sui X, Lu K, Luo Y, Wang Y, Yang J. A mix & act liposomes of phospholipase A2-phosphatidylserine for acute brain detoxification by blood‒brain barrier selective-opening. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:1827-1844. [PMID: 38572103 PMCID: PMC10985032 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
In the treatment of central nervous system disease, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a major obstruction to drug delivery that must be overcome. In this study, we propose a brain-targeted delivery strategy based on selective opening of the BBB. This strategy allows some simple bare nanoparticles to enter the brain when mixed with special opening material; however, the BBB still maintains the ability to completely block molecules from passing through. Based on the screening of BBB opening and matrix delivery materials, we determined that phospholipase A2-catalyzed 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoserine liposomes can efficiently carry drugs into the brain immediately. At an effective dose, this delivery system is safe, especially with its effect on the BBB being reversible. This mix & act delivery system has a simple structure and rapid preparation, making it a strong potential candidate for drug delivery across the BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zinan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institutes of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Wenbin Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institutes of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Huanchun Xing
- Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300222, China
| | - Shuai Guo
- Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Lijuan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institutes of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Lin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institutes of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Xin Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institutes of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Kui Lu
- Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300222, China
| | - Yuan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institutes of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Yongan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institutes of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Jun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institutes of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
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4
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Ellingson BM, Levin VA, Cloughesy TF. Radiographic Response Assessment Strategies for Early-Phase Brain Trials in Complex Tumor Types and Drug Combinations: from Digital "Flipbooks" to Control Systems Theory. Neurotherapeutics 2022; 19:1855-1868. [PMID: 35451676 PMCID: PMC9723080 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-022-01241-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need for drug development in brain tumors. While current radiographic response assessment provides instructions for identifying large treatment effects in simple high- and low-grade gliomas, there remains a void of strategies to evaluate complex or difficult to measure tumors or tumors of mixed grade with enhancing and non-enhancing components. Furthermore, most patients exhibit some period of alteration in tumor growth after starting a new therapy, but simple response categorization (e.g., stable disease, progressive disease) fails to provide any meaningful insight into the depth or degree of potential "subclinical" therapeutic response. We propose a creative solution to these issues based on a tiered strategy meant to increase confidence in identifying therapeutic effects even in the most challenging tumor types, while also providing a framework for complex evaluation of combination and sequential treatment schemes. Specifically, we demonstrate the utility of digital "flipbooks" to quickly identify subtle changes in complex tumors. We show how a modified Levin criteria can be used to quantify the degree of visual changes, while establishing estimates of the association between tumor volume and visual inspection. Lastly, we introduce the concept of quantifying therapeutic response using control systems theory. We propose measuring changes in volume (proportional), the area under the volume vs. time curve (integral) and changes in growth rates (derivative) to utilize a "PID" controller model of single or combination therapeutic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M Ellingson
- UCLA Brain Tumor Imaging Laboratory, Center for Computer Vision and Imaging Biomarkers, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Radiologic Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA Brain Tumor Program, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Victor A Levin
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, UCSF Medical School, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Timothy F Cloughesy
- David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA Brain Tumor Program, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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5
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Vézina A, Manglani M, Morris D, Foster B, McCord M, Song H, Zhang M, Davis D, Zhang W, Bills J, Nagashima K, Shankarappa P, Kindrick J, Walbridge S, Peer CJ, Figg WD, Gilbert MR, McGavern DB, Muldoon LL, Jackson S. Adenosine A2A Receptor Activation Enhances Blood-Tumor Barrier Permeability in a Rodent Glioma Model. Mol Cancer Res 2021; 19:2081-2095. [PMID: 34521765 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-19-0995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The blood-tumor barrier (BTB) limits the entry of effective chemotherapeutic agents into the brain for treatment of malignant tumors like glioblastoma. Poor drug entry across the BTB allows infiltrative glioma stem cells to evade therapy and develop treatment resistance. Regadenoson, an FDA-approved adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) agonist, has been shown to increase drug delivery across the blood-brain barrier in non-tumor-bearing rodents without a defined mechanism of enhancing BTB permeability. Here, we characterize the time-dependent impact of regadenoson on brain endothelial cell interactions and paracellular transport, using mouse and rat brain endothelial cells and tumor models. In vitro, A2AR activation leads to disorganization of cytoskeletal actin filaments by 30 minutes, downregulation of junctional protein expression by 4 hours, and reestablishment of endothelial cell integrity by 8 hours. In rats bearing intracranial gliomas, regadenoson treatment results in increase of intratumoral temozolomide concentrations, yet no increased survival noted with combined temozolomide therapy. These findings demonstrate regadenoson's ability to induce brain endothelial structural changes among glioma to increase BTB permeability. The use of vasoactive mediators, like regadenoson, which transiently influences paracellular transport, should further be explored to evaluate their potential to enhance central nervous system treatment delivery to aggressive brain tumors. IMPLICATIONS: This study provides insight on the use of a vasoactive agent to increase exposure of the BTB to chemotherapy with intention to improve glioma treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Vézina
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland.,Electron Microscope Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Monica Manglani
- Viral Immunology and Intravital Imaging Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - DreeAnna Morris
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Brandon Foster
- Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Hua Song
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Meili Zhang
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Dionne Davis
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Wei Zhang
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jessica Bills
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Kunio Nagashima
- Electron Microscope Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Priya Shankarappa
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Molecular Pharmacology Section, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jessica Kindrick
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Molecular Pharmacology Section, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Stuart Walbridge
- Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Cody J Peer
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Molecular Pharmacology Section, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - William D Figg
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Molecular Pharmacology Section, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Dorian B McGavern
- Viral Immunology and Intravital Imaging Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Leslie L Muldoon
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Sadhana Jackson
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland. .,Electron Microscope Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
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6
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Park JH, de Lomana ALG, Marzese DM, Juarez T, Feroze A, Hothi P, Cobbs C, Patel AP, Kesari S, Huang S, Baliga NS. A Systems Approach to Brain Tumor Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3152. [PMID: 34202449 PMCID: PMC8269017 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain tumors are among the most lethal tumors. Glioblastoma, the most frequent primary brain tumor in adults, has a median survival time of approximately 15 months after diagnosis or a five-year survival rate of 10%; the recurrence rate is nearly 90%. Unfortunately, this prognosis has not improved for several decades. The lack of progress in the treatment of brain tumors has been attributed to their high rate of primary therapy resistance. Challenges such as pronounced inter-patient variability, intratumoral heterogeneity, and drug delivery across the blood-brain barrier hinder progress. A comprehensive, multiscale understanding of the disease, from the molecular to the whole tumor level, is needed to address the intratumor heterogeneity resulting from the coexistence of a diversity of neoplastic and non-neoplastic cell types in the tumor tissue. By contrast, inter-patient variability must be addressed by subtyping brain tumors to stratify patients and identify the best-matched drug(s) and therapies for a particular patient or cohort of patients. Accomplishing these diverse tasks will require a new framework, one involving a systems perspective in assessing the immense complexity of brain tumors. This would in turn entail a shift in how clinical medicine interfaces with the rapidly advancing high-throughput (HTP) technologies that have enabled the omics-scale profiling of molecular features of brain tumors from the single-cell to the tissue level. However, several gaps must be closed before such a framework can fulfill the promise of precision and personalized medicine for brain tumors. Ultimately, the goal is to integrate seamlessly multiscale systems analyses of patient tumors and clinical medicine. Accomplishing this goal would facilitate the rational design of therapeutic strategies matched to the characteristics of patients and their tumors. Here, we discuss some of the technologies, methodologies, and computational tools that will facilitate the realization of this vision to practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- James H. Park
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; (J.H.P.); (S.H.)
| | | | - Diego M. Marzese
- Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa), 07010 Palma, Spain;
| | - Tiffany Juarez
- St. John’s Cancer Institute, Santa Monica, CA 90401, USA; (T.J.); (S.K.)
| | - Abdullah Feroze
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; (A.F.); (A.P.P.)
| | - Parvinder Hothi
- Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Seattle, WA 98122, USA; (P.H.); (C.C.)
- Ben and Catherine Ivy Center for Advanced Brain Tumor Treatment, Seattle, WA 98122, USA
| | - Charles Cobbs
- Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Seattle, WA 98122, USA; (P.H.); (C.C.)
- Ben and Catherine Ivy Center for Advanced Brain Tumor Treatment, Seattle, WA 98122, USA
| | - Anoop P. Patel
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; (A.F.); (A.P.P.)
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Brotman-Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Santosh Kesari
- St. John’s Cancer Institute, Santa Monica, CA 90401, USA; (T.J.); (S.K.)
| | - Sui Huang
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; (J.H.P.); (S.H.)
| | - Nitin S. Baliga
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; (J.H.P.); (S.H.)
- Departments of Microbiology, Biology, and Molecular Engineering Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
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7
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Grossman SA, Romo CG, Rudek MA, Supko J, Fisher J, Nabors LB, Wen PY, Peereboom DM, Ellingson BM, Elmquist W, Barker FG, Kamson D, Sarkaria JN, Timmer W, Bindra RS, Ye X. Baseline requirements for novel agents being considered for phase II/III brain cancer efficacy trials: conclusions from the Adult Brain Tumor Consortium's first workshop on CNS drug delivery. Neuro Oncol 2021; 22:1422-1424. [PMID: 32506123 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noaa142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jeffrey Supko
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Joy Fisher
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - L Burt Nabors
- University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | | | | | | | | | - Fred G Barker
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | | | - Xiaobu Ye
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
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8
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Janjua TI, Rewatkar P, Ahmed-Cox A, Saeed I, Mansfeld FM, Kulshreshtha R, Kumeria T, Ziegler DS, Kavallaris M, Mazzieri R, Popat A. Frontiers in the treatment of glioblastoma: Past, present and emerging. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 171:108-138. [PMID: 33486006 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most aggressive cancers of the brain. Despite extensive research over the last several decades, the survival rates for GBM have not improved and prognosis remains poor. To date, only a few therapies are approved for the treatment of GBM with the main reasons being: 1) significant tumour heterogeneity which promotes the selection of resistant subpopulations 2) GBM induced immunosuppression and 3) fortified location of the tumour in the brain which hinders the delivery of therapeutics. Existing therapies for GBM such as radiotherapy, surgery and chemotherapy have been unable to reach the clinical efficacy necessary to prolong patient survival more than a few months. This comprehensive review evaluates the current and emerging therapies including those in clinical trials that may potentially improve both targeted delivery of therapeutics directly to the tumour site and the development of agents that may specifically target GBM. Particular focus has also been given to emerging delivery technologies such as focused ultrasound, cellular delivery systems nanomedicines and immunotherapy. Finally, we discuss the importance of developing novel materials for improved delivery efficacy of nanoparticles and therapeutics to reduce the suffering of GBM patients.
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9
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Chen X, Li Y, Yao T, Jia R. Benefits of Zebrafish Xenograft Models in Cancer Research. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:616551. [PMID: 33644052 PMCID: PMC7905065 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.616551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
As a promising in vivo tool for cancer research, zebrafish have been widely applied in various tumor studies. The zebrafish xenograft model is a low-cost, high-throughput tool for cancer research that can be established quickly and requires only a small sample size, which makes it favorite among researchers. Zebrafish patient-derived xenograft (zPDX) models provide promising evidence for short-term clinical treatment. In this review, we discuss the characteristics and advantages of zebrafish, such as their transparent and translucent features, the use of vascular fluorescence imaging, the establishment of metastatic and intracranial orthotopic models, individual pharmacokinetics measurements, and tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, we introduce how these characteristics and advantages are applied other in tumor studies. Finally, we discuss the future direction of the use of zebrafish in tumor studies and provide new ideas for the application of it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongyun Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Tengteng Yao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Renbing Jia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
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10
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Nagaraja TN, Lee IY. Cerebral microcirculation in glioblastoma: A major determinant of diagnosis, resection, and drug delivery. Microcirculation 2021; 28:e12679. [PMID: 33474805 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary brain tumor with a dismal prognosis. Current standard of treatment is safe maximal tumor resection followed by chemotherapy and radiation. Altered cerebral microcirculation and elevated blood-tumor barrier (BTB) permeability in tumor periphery due to glioma-induced vascular dysregulation allow T1 contrast-enhanced visualization of resectable tumor boundaries. Newer tracers that label the tumor and its vasculature are being increasingly used for intraoperative delineation of glioma boundaries for even more precise resection. Fluorescent 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) and indocyanine green (ICG) are examples of such intraoperative tracers. Recently, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based MR thermometry is being employed for laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) for glioma debulking. However, aggressive, fatal recurrence always occurs. Postsurgical chemotherapy is hampered by the inability of most drugs to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Understanding postsurgical changes in brain microcirculation and permeability is crucial to improve chemotherapy delivery. It is important to understand whether any microcirculatory indices can differentiate between true recurrence and radiation necrosis. LITT leads to peri-ablation BBB opening that persists for several weeks. Whether it can be a conduit for chemotherapy delivery is yet to be explored. This review will address the role of cerebral microcirculation in such emerging ideas in GBM diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ian Y Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
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11
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Nagaraja TN, deCarvalho AC, Brown SL, Griffith B, Farmer K, Irtenkauf S, Hasselbach L, Mukherjee A, Bartlett S, Valadie OG, Cabral G, Knight RA, Lee IY, Divine GW, Ewing JR. The impact of initial tumor microenvironment on imaging phenotype. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2021; 27:100315. [PMID: 33571801 PMCID: PMC8127413 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2021.100315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Models of human cancer, to be useful, must replicate human disease with high fidelity. Our focus in this study is rat xenograft brain tumors as a model of human embedded cerebral tumors. A distinguishing signature of such tumors in humans, that of contrast-enhancement on imaging, is often not present when the human cells grow in rodents, despite the xenografts having nearly identical DNA signatures to the original tumor specimen. Although contrast enhancement was uniformly evident in all the human tumors from which the xenografts’ cells were derived, we show that long-term contrast enhancement in the model tumors may be determined conditionally by the tumor microenvironment at the time of cell implantation. We demonstrate this phenomenon in one of two patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) models using cancer stem-like cell (CSC)-enriched neurospheres from human tumor resection specimens, transplanted to groups of immune-compromised rats in the presence or absence of a collagen/fibrin scaffolding matrix, Matrigel. The rats were imaged by dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) and their brains were examined by histopathology. Targeted proteomics of the PDOX tumor specimens grown from CSC implanted with and without Matrigel showed that while the levels of the majority of proteins and post-translational modifications were comparable between contrast-enhancing and non-enhancing tumors, phosphorylation of Fox038 showed a differential expression. The results suggest key proteins determine contrast enhancement and suggest a path toward the development of better animal models of human glioma. Future work is needed to elucidate fully the molecular determinants of contrast-enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stephen L Brown
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States; Department of Public Health, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Brent Griffith
- Department of Radiology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Katelynn Farmer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Susan Irtenkauf
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI
| | | | - Abir Mukherjee
- Department of Pathology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Seamus Bartlett
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI; School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - O Grahm Valadie
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Glauber Cabral
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Robert A Knight
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States; Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, United States
| | - Ian Y Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI
| | - George W Divine
- Department of Public Health, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - James R Ewing
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI; Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States; Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, United States; Department of Neurology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
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12
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Karmur BS, Philteos J, Abbasian A, Zacharia BE, Lipsman N, Levin V, Grossman S, Mansouri A. Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption in Neuro-Oncology: Strategies, Failures, and Challenges to Overcome. Front Oncol 2020; 10:563840. [PMID: 33072591 PMCID: PMC7531249 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.563840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) presents a formidable challenge in the development of effective therapeutics in neuro-oncology. This has fueled several decades of efforts to develop strategies for disrupting the BBB, but progress has not been satisfactory. As such, numerous drug- and device-based methods are currently being investigated in humans. Through a focused assessment of completed, active, and pending clinical trials, our first aim in this review is to outline the scientific foundation, successes, and limitations of the BBBD strategies developed to date. Among 35 registered trials relevant to BBBD in neuro-oncology in the ClinicalTrials.gov database, mannitol was the most common drug-based method, followed by RMP-7 and regadenoson. MR-guided focused ultrasound was the most common device-based method, followed by MR-guided laser ablation, ultrasound, and transcranial magnetic stimulation. While most early-phase studies focusing on safety and tolerability have met stated objectives, advanced-phase studies focusing on survival differences and objective tumor response have been limited by heterogeneous populations and tumors, along with a lack of control arms. Based on shared challenges among all methods, our second objective is to discuss strategies for confirmation of BBBD, choice of systemic agent and drug design, alignment of BBBD method with real-world clinical workflow, and consideration of inadvertent toxicity associated with disrupting an evolutionarily-refined barrier. Finally, we conclude with a strategic proposal to approach future studies assessing BBBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brij S Karmur
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Aram Abbasian
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Brad E Zacharia
- Penn State Health Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Penn State University, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Nir Lipsman
- Division of Neurosurgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Victor Levin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical School, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Stuart Grossman
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Alireza Mansouri
- Penn State Health Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Penn State University, Hershey, PA, United States
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13
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Miller JJ, Loebel F, Juratli TA, Tummala SS, Williams EA, Batchelor TT, Arrillaga-Romany I, Cahill DP. Accelerated progression of IDH mutant glioma after first recurrence. Neuro Oncol 2020; 21:669-677. [PMID: 30668823 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noz016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutant gliomas are a distinct subtype, reflected in the World Health Organization (WHO) 2016 revised diagnostic criteria. To inform IDH-targeting trial design, we sought to characterize outcomes exclusively within IDH mutant gliomas. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 275 IDH mutant glioma patients treated at our institution. Progression was determined using low-grade glioma criteria from Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology. We calculated survival statistics with the Kaplan-Meier method, and survival proportions were correlated with molecular, histologic, and clinical factors. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 6.4 years, 44 deaths (7.6%) and 149 first progression (PFS1) events (54.1%) were observed. Median PFS1 was 5.7 years (95% CI: 4.7-6.4) and OS was 18.7 years (95% CI: 12.2 y-not reached). Consistent with prior studies, we observed an association of grade, molecular diagnosis, and treatment with PFS1. Following the first progressive episode, 79 second progression events occurred during a median follow-up period of 4.1 years. Median PFS following an initial progressive event (PFS2) was accelerated at 3.1 years (95% CI: 2.1-4.1). PFS2 was a surrogate prognostic marker, identifying patients with poorer overall survival. CONCLUSION We report outcomes in a large cohort of IDH mutant glioma, providing a well-characterized historical control population for future clinical trial design. Notably, the interval between first and second recurrence (PFS2, 3.0 y) is shorter than time from diagnosis to first recurrence (PFS1, 5.7 y), evidence that these tumors clinically degenerate from an indolent course to an accelerated malignant phase. Thus, PFS2 represents a relevant outcome for trials investigating drug efficacy at recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie J Miller
- Stephen E. and Catherine Pappas Center for Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Translational Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Franziska Loebel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité University Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tareq A Juratli
- Translational Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shilpa S Tummala
- Translational Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Erik A Williams
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tracy T Batchelor
- Stephen E. and Catherine Pappas Center for Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Isabel Arrillaga-Romany
- Stephen E. and Catherine Pappas Center for Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel P Cahill
- Translational Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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14
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Brighi C, Reid L, Genovesi LA, Kojic M, Millar A, Bruce Z, White AL, Day BW, Rose S, Whittaker AK, Puttick S. Comparative study of preclinical mouse models of high-grade glioma for nanomedicine research: the importance of reproducing blood-brain barrier heterogeneity. Theranostics 2020; 10:6361-6371. [PMID: 32483457 PMCID: PMC7255036 DOI: 10.7150/thno.46468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical translation of new nanoparticle-based therapies for high-grade glioma (HGG) remains extremely poor. This has partly been due to the lack of suitable preclinical mouse models capable of replicating the complex characteristics of recurrent HGG (rHGG), namely the heterogeneous structural and functional characteristics of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The goal of this study is to compare the characteristics of the tumor BBB of rHGG with two different mouse models of HGG, the ubiquitously used U87 cell line xenograft model and a patient-derived cell line WK1 xenograft model, in order to assess their suitability for nanomedicine research. Method: Structural MRI was used to assess the extent of BBB opening in mouse models with a fully developed tumor, and dynamic contrast enhanced MRI was used to obtain values of BBB permeability in contrast enhancing tumor. H&E and immunofluorescence staining were used to validate results obtained from the in vivo imaging studies. Results: The extent of BBB disruption and permeability in the contrast enhancing tumor was significantly higher in the U87 model than in rHGG. These values in the WK1 model are similar to those of rHGG. The U87 model is not infiltrative, has an entirely abnormal and leaky vasculature and it is not of glial origin. The WK1 model infiltrates into the non-neoplastic brain parenchyma, it has both regions with intact BBB and regions with leaky BBB and remains of glial origin. Conclusion: The WK1 mouse model more accurately reproduces the extent of BBB disruption, the level of BBB permeability and the histopathological characteristics found in rHGG patients than the U87 mouse model, and is therefore a more clinically relevant model for preclinical evaluations of emerging nanoparticle-based therapies for HGG.
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15
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Arvanitis CD, Ferraro GB, Jain RK. The blood-brain barrier and blood-tumour barrier in brain tumours and metastases. Nat Rev Cancer 2020; 20:26-41. [PMID: 31601988 PMCID: PMC8246629 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-019-0205-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 856] [Impact Index Per Article: 214.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
For a blood-borne cancer therapeutic agent to be effective, it must cross the blood vessel wall to reach cancer cells in adequate quantities, and it must overcome the resistance conferred by the local microenvironment around cancer cells. The brain microenvironment can thwart the effectiveness of drugs against primary brain tumours as well as brain metastases. In this Review, we highlight the cellular and molecular components of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), a specialized neurovascular unit evolved to maintain brain homeostasis. Tumours are known to compromise the integrity of the BBB, resulting in a vasculature known as the blood-tumour barrier (BTB), which is highly heterogeneous and characterized by numerous distinct features, including non-uniform permeability and active efflux of molecules. We discuss the challenges posed by the BBB and BTB for drug delivery, how multiple cell types dictate BBB function and the role of the BTB in disease progression and treatment. Finally, we highlight emerging molecular, cellular and physical strategies to improve drug delivery across the BBB and BTB and discuss their impact on improving conventional as well as emerging treatments, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors and engineered T cells. A deeper understanding of the BBB and BTB through the application of single-cell sequencing and imaging techniques, and the development of biomarkers of BBB integrity along with systems biology approaches, should enable new personalized treatment strategies for primary brain malignancies and brain metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costas D Arvanitis
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Gino B Ferraro
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rakesh K Jain
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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16
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Tanzawa S, Ishihara M, Haruyama T, Ochiai R, Sakamoto T, Honda T, Ota S, Ichikawa Y, Watanabe K, Seki N. Which is better, EGFR-TKI mono or combination for non-small cell lung cancer with mutated EGFR? Transl Cancer Res 2019; 8:2223-2229. [PMID: 35116975 PMCID: PMC8799066 DOI: 10.21037/tcr.2019.08.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shigeru Tanzawa
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masashi Ishihara
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Terunobu Haruyama
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Ochiai
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiko Sakamoto
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Honda
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuji Ota
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuko Ichikawa
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Watanabe
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Seki
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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17
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Jackson S, Meeks C, Vézina A, Robey RW, Tanner K, Gottesman MM. Model systems for studying the blood-brain barrier: Applications and challenges. Biomaterials 2019; 214:119217. [PMID: 31146177 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) poses a serious impediment to the delivery of effective therapies to the central nervous system (CNS). Over time, various model systems have been crafted and used to evaluate the complexities of the BBB, which includes an impermeable physical barrier and a series of energy-dependent efflux pumps. Models of the BBB have mainly sought to assess changes in endothelial cell permeability, the role of ATP-dependent efflux transporters in drug disposition, and alterations in communication between BBB cells and the microenvironment. In the context of disease, various animal models have been utilized to examine real time BBB drug permeability, CNS dynamic changes, and overall treatment response. In this review, we outline the use of these in vitro and in vivo blood-brain barrier model systems to study normal physiology and diseased states. These current models each have their own advantages and disadvantages for studying the response of biologic processes to physiological and pathological conditions. Additional models are needed to mimic more closely the dynamic quality of the BBB, with the goal focused on potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadhana Jackson
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States.
| | - Caitlin Meeks
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Amélie Vézina
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Robert W Robey
- Multidrug Resistance Section, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, United States
| | - Kandice Tanner
- Tissue Morphodynamics Unit, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, United States
| | - Michael M Gottesman
- Multidrug Resistance Section, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, United States
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor A Levin
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77005, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery & Neuroscience, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Redwood City, CA, 94063, USA
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19
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Abstract
This paper explicates the impact of tumor capillary permeability for glioma World Health Organization (WHO) grades II to IV on brain-penetrant drug entry and distribution within the tumor and the brain adjacent to tumor (leading edge). In addition, we consider the distribution of non-brain penetrant drugs and how, in some cases, large-molecular-weight drugs might achieve good distribution into tumor and brain adjacent to tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor A Levin
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Department of Neurosurgery, UCSF Medical School, San Francisco, California
| | - Benjamin M Ellingson
- UCLA Brain Tumor Imaging Laboratory, Center for Computer Vision and Imaging Biomarkers, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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20
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He Q, Xiao H, Li J, Liu Y, Jia M, Wang F, Zhang Y, Wang W, Wang S. Fingerprint analysis and pharmacological evaluation of Ailanthus altissima. Int J Mol Med 2018; 41:3024-3032. [PMID: 29484427 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Ailanthus altissima (AA) has been used in various anticancer prescriptions and showed excellent therapeutic effect. However, there is no report on the method of quality control and the anti-glioblastoma activity. In this study, we used a combinative method approach consisting of chromatographic fingerprinting and quantitative methods to analyze quality of different samples. The anti-glioblastoma activity and the possible mechanisms were studied by pharmacological methods. The samples were separated on a Kromasil 100-5 C18 column and the flow rate was 0.8 ml/min at 25˚C. The mobile phase was composed of 1% formic acid and 1% methanol-water at a flow rate of 0.8 ml/min. The method was validated and applied to the quantification of different samples. Ten batches of AA from different provinces in China were detected, and we found that the contents of Ailanthone (AT) ranged from 0.21-1.78 mg/g and the relative retention times were similar in different origins. Ten batches of AA were analyzed by the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fingerprinting method and 19 common peaks were detected. The similarity of 10 batches is <1.5%. The peak areas in different samples were significantly different (0.682-0.954). We also found that AA induced oxidative stress first in U87 cells, then induced ER stress, finally activated the caspases which caused cell apoptosis. In conclusion, a method combining chromatographic fingerprinting and quantitative analysis can be used to control the quality of AA. AA could be used as a medicine or a constituent part of herb prescription to treat glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoyan He
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Huimin Xiao
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712000, P.R. China
| | - Min Jia
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Ya Zhang
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Wen Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xijing Hospital of The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Siwang Wang
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
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21
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Abstract
The development of therapies for the treatment of neurological cancer faces a number of major challenges including the synthesis of small molecule agents that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Given the likelihood that in many cases drug exposure will be lower in the CNS than in systemic circulation, it follows that strategies should be employed that can sustain target engagement at low drug concentration. Time dependent target occupancy is a function of both the drug and target concentration as well as the thermodynamic and kinetic parameters that describe the binding reaction coordinate, and sustained target occupancy can be achieved through structural modifications that increase target (re)binding and/or that decrease the rate of drug dissociation. The discovery and deployment of compounds with optimized kinetic effects requires information on the structure-kinetic relationships that modulate the kinetics of binding, and the molecular factors that control the translation of drug-target kinetics to time-dependent drug activity in the disease state. This Review first introduces the potential benefits of drug-target kinetics, such as the ability to delineate both thermodynamic and kinetic selectivity, and then describes factors, such as target vulnerability, that impact the utility of kinetic selectivity. The Review concludes with a description of a mechanistic PK/PD model that integrates drug-target kinetics into predictions of drug activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J. Tonge
- Institute for Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Departments of Chemistry and Radiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States
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22
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Barrette AM, Bouhaddou M, Birtwistle MR. Integrating Transcriptomic Data with Mechanistic Systems Pharmacology Models for Virtual Drug Combination Trials. ACS Chem Neurosci 2018; 9:118-129. [PMID: 28950062 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Monotherapy clinical trials with mutation-targeted kinase inhibitors, despite some success in other cancers, have yet to impact glioblastoma (GBM). Besides insufficient blood-brain barrier penetration, combinations are key to overcoming obstacles such as intratumoral heterogeneity, adaptive resistance, and the epistatic nature of tumor genomics that cause mutation-targeted therapies to fail. With now hundreds of potential drugs, exploring the combination space clinically and preclinically is daunting. We are building a simulation-based approach that integrates patient-specific data with a mechanistic computational model of pan-cancer driver pathways (receptor tyrosine kinases, RAS/RAF/ERK, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, cell cycle, apoptosis, and DNA damage) to prioritize drug combinations by their simulated effects on tumor cell proliferation and death. Here we illustrate a first step, tailoring the model to 14 GBM patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas defined by an mRNA-seq transcriptome, and then simulating responses to three promiscuous FDA-approved kinase inhibitors (bosutinib, ibrutinib, and cabozantinib) with evidence for blood-brain barrier penetration. The model captures binding of the drug to primary targets and off-targets based on published affinity data and simulates responses of 100 heterogeneous tumor cells within a patient. Single drugs are marginally effective or even counterproductive. Common copy number alterations (PTEN loss, EGFR amplification, and NF1 loss) have a negligible correlation with single-drug or combination efficacy, reinforcing the importance of postgenetic approaches that account for kinase inhibitor promiscuity to match drugs to patients. Drug combinations tend to be either cytostatic or cytotoxic, but seldom both, highlighting the need for considering targeted and nontargeted therapy. Although we focus on GBM, the approach is generally applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Marie Barrette
- Department
of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New
York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Mehdi Bouhaddou
- Department
of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New
York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Marc R. Birtwistle
- Department
of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New
York, New York 10029, United States
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29631, United States
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23
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Analysis of copy number loss of the ErbB4 receptor tyrosine kinase in glioblastoma. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190664. [PMID: 29342193 PMCID: PMC5771580 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Current treatments for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM)-an aggressive form of brain cancer-are minimally effective and yield a median survival of 14.6 months and a two-year survival rate of 30%. Given the severity of GBM and the limitations of its treatment, there is a need for the discovery of novel drug targets for GBM and more personalized treatment approaches based on the characteristics of an individual's tumor. Most receptor tyrosine kinases-such as EGFR-act as oncogenes, but publicly available data from the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE) indicates copy number loss in the ERBB4 RTK gene across dozens of GBM cell lines, suggesting a potential tumor suppressor role. This loss is mutually exclusive with loss of its cognate ligand NRG1 in CCLE as well, more strongly suggesting a functional role. The availability of higher resolution copy number data from clinical GBM patients in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) revealed that a region in Intron 1 of the ERBB4 gene was deleted in 69.1% of tumor samples harboring ERBB4 copy number loss; however, it was also found to be deleted in the matched normal tissue samples from these GBM patients (n = 81). Using the DECIPHER Genome Browser, we also discovered that this mutation occurs at approximately the same frequency in the general population as it does in the disease population. We conclude from these results that this loss in Intron 1 of the ERBB4 gene is neither a de novo driver mutation nor a predisposing factor to GBM, despite the indications from CCLE. A biological role of this significantly occurring genetic alteration is still unknown. While this is a negative result, the broader conclusion is that while copy number data from large cell line-based data repositories may yield compelling hypotheses, careful follow up with higher resolution copy number assays, patient data, and general population analyses are essential to codify initial hypotheses prior to investing experimental resources.
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Greish K, Jasim A, Parayath N, Abdelghany S, Alkhateeb A, Taurin S, Nehoff H. Micellar formulations of Crizotinib and Dasatinib in the management of glioblastoma multiforme. J Drug Target 2017; 26:692-708. [PMID: 29251531 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2017.1419357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) defies the currently practiced management of radiotherapy, chemotherapy and surgery and hence, it is associated with a high fatality rate with a median survival of 14.6 months. In our previous work investigating different tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), we established that a combination of Crizotinib and Dasatinib exerted the most potent effect on different GBM cell lines. In this work, to improve targeted therapy at the site of the tumour and avoid systemic toxicity, we exploited the enhanced permeability and retention effect by designing micellar formulations of these two TKIs. Crizotinib and Dasatinib were successfully encapsulated in poly(styrene-co-maleic acid) (SMA) micelles which were then evaluated for their physicochemical characteristics, anti-proliferative effect, mode of cell death, efficacy in spheroid models, effect on cell signalling, antiangiogenic potential and in vivo anticancer activity. Our results showed that this combination had induced a potent anti-proliferative effect in four GBM cell lines grown as a monolayer and as a spheroid. The combination was also efficacious in in vitro models of angiogenesis and vascular mimicry. In vivo data showed the enhanced activity of the micellar TKIs compared to free drugs. In conclusion, we proved that micellar formulations of Crizotinib and Dasatinib carry promising in vitro and in vivo efficacy that warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Greish
- a College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Department of Molecular Medicine, and Nanomedicine Unit , Princess Al-Jawhara Center for Molecular Medicine, Arabian Gulf University , Manama , Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Anfal Jasim
- a College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Department of Molecular Medicine, and Nanomedicine Unit , Princess Al-Jawhara Center for Molecular Medicine, Arabian Gulf University , Manama , Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Neha Parayath
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Northeastern University , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Sara Abdelghany
- a College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Department of Molecular Medicine, and Nanomedicine Unit , Princess Al-Jawhara Center for Molecular Medicine, Arabian Gulf University , Manama , Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Ali Alkhateeb
- a College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Department of Molecular Medicine, and Nanomedicine Unit , Princess Al-Jawhara Center for Molecular Medicine, Arabian Gulf University , Manama , Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Sebastien Taurin
- c Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT , USA
| | - Hayley Nehoff
- d Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , University of Otago , Dunedin , New Zealand
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25
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da Silva PBG, Teixeira Dos Santos MC, Rodini CO, Kaid C, Pereira MCL, Furukawa G, da Cruz DSG, Goldfeder MB, Rocha CRR, Rosenberg C, Okamoto OK. High OCT4A levels drive tumorigenicity and metastatic potential of medulloblastoma cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:19192-19204. [PMID: 28186969 PMCID: PMC5386677 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastoma is a highly aggressive pediatric brain tumor, in which sporadic expression of the pluripotency factor OCT4 has been recently correlated with poor patient survival. However the contribution of specific OCT4 isoforms to tumor aggressiveness is still poorly understood. Here, we report that medulloblastoma cells stably overexpressing the OCT4A isoform displayed enhanced clonogenic, tumorsphere generation, and invasion capabilities. Moreover, in an orthotopic metastatic model of medulloblastoma, OCT4A overexpressing cells generated more developed, aggressive and infiltrative tumors, with tumor-bearing mice attaining advanced metastatic disease and shorter survival rates. Pro-oncogenic OCT4A effects were expression-level dependent and accompanied by distinct chromosomal aberrations. OCT4A overexpression in medulloblastoma cells also induced a marked differential expression of non-coding RNAs, including poorly characterized long non-coding RNAs and small nucleolar RNAs. Altogether, our findings support the relevance of pluripotency-related factors in the aggravation of medulloblastoma traits classically associated with poor clinical outcome, and underscore the prognostic and therapeutic value of OCT4A in this challenging type of pediatric brain cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Benites Gonçalves da Silva
- Centro de Pesquisa sobre o Genoma Humano e Células-Tronco, Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Márcia Cristina Teixeira Dos Santos
- Centro de Pesquisa sobre o Genoma Humano e Células-Tronco, Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carolina Oliveira Rodini
- Centro de Pesquisa sobre o Genoma Humano e Células-Tronco, Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carolini Kaid
- Centro de Pesquisa sobre o Genoma Humano e Células-Tronco, Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Márcia Cristina Leite Pereira
- Centro de Pesquisa sobre o Genoma Humano e Células-Tronco, Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Furukawa
- Centro de Pesquisa sobre o Genoma Humano e Células-Tronco, Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniel Sanzio Gimenes da Cruz
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Clarissa Ribeiro Reily Rocha
- Departmento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carla Rosenberg
- Centro de Pesquisa sobre o Genoma Humano e Células-Tronco, Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Oswaldo Keith Okamoto
- Centro de Pesquisa sobre o Genoma Humano e Células-Tronco, Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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26
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Wang J, Liu K, Wang XF, Sun DJ. Juglone reduces growth and migration of U251 glioblastoma cells and disrupts angiogenesis. Oncol Rep 2017; 38:1959-1966. [PMID: 28791366 PMCID: PMC5652942 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating data show that prolylisomerase (Pin1) is overexpressed in human glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) specimens. Therefore, Pin1 inhibitors should be investigated as a new chemotherapeutic drug that may enhance the clinical management of human gliomas. Recently, juglone, a Pin1 inhibitor, was shown to exhibit potent anticancer activity in various tumor cells, but its role in human glioma cells remains unknown. In the present study, we determined if juglone exerts antitumor effects in the U251 human glioma cell line and investigated its potential underlying molecular mechanisms. Cell survival, apoptosis, migration, angiogenesis and molecular targets were identified with multiple detection techniques including the MTT cell proliferation assay, dual acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining, electron microscopy, Transwell migration assay, chick chorioallantoic membrane assay, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunoblotting. The results showed that 5–20 µM juglone markedly suppressed cell proliferation, induced apoptosis, and enhanced caspase-3 activity in U251 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Moreover, juglone inhibited cell migration and the formation of new blood vessels. At the molecular level, juglone markedly suppressed Pin1 levels in a time-dependent manner. TGF-β1/Smad signaling, a critical upstream regulator of miR-21, was also suppressed by juglone. Moreover, the transient overexpression of Pin1 reversed its antitumor effects in U251 cells and inhibited juglone-mediated changes to the TGF-β1/miR-21 signaling pathway. These findings suggest that juglone inhibits cell growth by causing apoptosis, thereby inhibiting the migration of U251 glioma cells and disrupting angiogenesis; and that Pin1 is a critical target for juglones antitumor activity. The present study provides evidence that juglone has in vitro efficacy against glioma. Therefore, additional studies are warranted to examine the clinical potential of juglone in human gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
| | - Ke Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Feng Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
| | - Dian-Jun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province and Ministry of Health, Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
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27
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Levin VA, Abrey LE, Heffron TP, Tonge PJ, Dar AC, Weiss WA, Gallo JM. CNS Anticancer Drug Discovery and Development: 2016 conference insights. CNS Oncol 2017; 6:167-177. [PMID: 28718326 PMCID: PMC6009211 DOI: 10.2217/cns-2017-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
CNS Anticancer Drug Discovery and Development, 16-17 November 2016, Scottsdale, AZ, USA The 2016 second CNS Anticancer Drug Discovery and Development Conference addressed diverse viewpoints about why new drug discovery/development focused on CNS cancers has been sorely lacking. Despite more than 70,000 individuals in the USA being diagnosed with a primary brain malignancy and 151,669-286,486 suffering from metastatic CNS cancer, in 1999, temozolomide was the last drug approved by the US FDA as an anticancer agent for high-grade gliomas. Among the topics discussed were economic factors and pharmaceutical risk assessments, regulatory constraints and perceptions and the need for improved imaging surrogates of drug activity. Included were modeling tumor growth and drug effects in a medical environment in which direct tumor sampling for biological effects can be problematic, potential new drugs under investigation and targets for drug discovery and development. The long trajectory and diverse impediments to novel drug discovery, and expectation that more than one drug will be needed to adequately inhibit critical intracellular tumor pathways were viewed as major disincentives for most pharmaceutical/biotechnology companies. While there were a few unanimities, one consensus is the need for continued and focused discussion among academic and industry scientists and clinicians to address tumor targets, new drug chemistry, and more time- and cost-efficient clinical trials based on surrogate end points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor A Levin
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | | | - Peter J Tonge
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Arvin C Dar
- Oncological & Pharmacological Sciences, Mount Sinai Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - William A Weiss
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 949143, USA (W.A.W.), CA, USA
| | - James M Gallo
- Albany College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, Albany, NY 12208, USA (J.M.G.)
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28
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Penas-Prado M. Practice-Changing Abstracts From the 2016 Society for Neuro-Oncology Annual Scientific Meeting. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2017; 37:187-191. [PMID: 28561706 DOI: 10.1200/edbk_175563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The most relevant practice-changing presentations at the 2016 Society for Neuro-Oncology (SNO) Annual Scientific Meeting revolved around the topic of the new 2016 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of central nervous system (CNS) tumors. The most notable change in this new classification is the introduction of molecular markers into the morphologic classification of diffuse gliomas (isocitrate dehydrogenase [IDH] mutation, 1p19q codeletion, and H3K27M mutation), ependymomas (RELA fusion), medulloblastomas (WNT- and sonic hedgehog-activated), and other embryonal tumors (C19MC amplification), thus allowing for more precise diagnosis of these entities compared with the use of morphologic features alone. Among the clinical trials presented, only one phase III trial evaluating a device therapy for treatment of newly diagnosed glioblastoma (EF14; tumor-treating fields) met prespecified statistical criteria for success, showing a modest benefit in progression-free survival and overall survival in patients without progression after radiation and concurrent temozolomide. Other topics of interest included the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of primary brain tumors and the prevalence of burnout among neuro-oncologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Penas-Prado
- From the Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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29
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Lasorella A, Sanson M, Iavarone A. FGFR-TACC gene fusions in human glioma. Neuro Oncol 2017; 19:475-483. [PMID: 27852792 PMCID: PMC5464372 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/now240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal translocations joining in-frame members of the fibroblast growth factor receptor-transforming acidic coiled-coil gene families (the FGFR-TACC gene fusions) were first discovered in human glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and later in many other cancer types. Here, we review this rapidly expanding field of research and discuss the unique biological and clinical features conferred to isocitrate dehydrogenase wild-type glioma cells by FGFR-TACC fusions. FGFR-TACC fusions generate powerful oncogenes that combine growth-promoting effects with aneuploidy through the activation of as yet unclear intracellular signaling mechanisms. FGFR-TACC fusions appear to be clonal tumor-initiating events that confer strong sensitivity to FGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Screening assays have recently been reported for the accurate identification of FGFR-TACC fusion variants in human cancer, and early clinical data have shown promising effects in cancer patients harboring FGFR-TACC fusions and treated with FGFR inhibitors. Thus, FGFR-TACC gene fusions provide a "low-hanging fruit" model for the validation of precision medicine paradigms in human GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lasorella
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Department of Pediatrics and Pathology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Marc Sanson
- Sorbonne Universités UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM CNRS, U1127, UMR 7225, ICM, F-75013,Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neurologie 2, Paris, France
| | - Antonio Iavarone
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Department of Neurology and Pathology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
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30
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Salphati L, Alicke B, Heffron TP, Shahidi-Latham S, Nishimura M, Cao T, Carano RA, Cheong J, Greve J, Koeppen H, Lau S, Lee LB, Nannini-Pepe M, Pang J, Plise EG, Quiason C, Rangell L, Zhang X, Gould SE, Phillips HS, Olivero AG. Brain Distribution and Efficacy of the Brain Penetrant PI3K Inhibitor GDC-0084 in Orthotopic Mouse Models of Human Glioblastoma. Drug Metab Dispos 2016; 44:1881-1889. [PMID: 27638506 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.116.071423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common primary brain tumor in adults. Limited treatment options have only marginally impacted patient survival over the past decades. The phophatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway, frequently altered in GBM, represents a potential target for the treatment of this glioma. 5-(6,6-Dimethyl-4-morpholino-8,9-dihydro-6H-[1,4]oxazino[4,3-e]purin-2-yl)pyrimidin-2-amine (GDC-0084) is a PI3K inhibitor that was specifically optimized to cross the blood-brain barrier. The goals of our studies were to characterize the brain distribution, pharmacodynamic (PD) effect, and efficacy of GDC-0084 in orthotopic xenograft models of GBM. GDC-0084 was tested in vitro to assess its sensitivity to the efflux transporters P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) and in vivo in mice to evaluate its effects on the PI3K pathway in intact brain. Mice bearing U87 or GS2 intracranial tumors were treated with GDC-0084 to assess its brain distribution by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) imaging and measure its PD effects and efficacy in GBM orthotopic models. Studies in transfected cells indicated that GDC-0084 was not a substrate of P-gp or BCRP. GDC-0084 markedly inhibited the PI3K pathway in mouse brain, causing up to 90% suppression of the pAkt signal. MALDI imaging showed GDC-0084 distributed evenly in brain and intracranial U87 and GS2 tumors. GDC-0084 achieved significant tumor growth inhibition of 70% and 40% against the U87 and GS2 orthotopic models, respectively. GDC-0084 distribution throughout the brain and intracranial tumors led to potent inhibition of the PI3K pathway. Its efficacy in orthotopic models of GBM suggests that it could be effective in the treatment of GBM. GDC-0084 is currently in phase I clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Salphati
- Departments of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (L.S., S.S.-L., J.C., J.P., E.G.P., C.Q., X.Z.), Discovery Chemistry (T.P.H., A.G.O.), Cancer Signaling and Translational Oncology (B.A., M.N., M.N.-P., L.B.L., S.E.G., H.S.P.), Biomedical Imaging (T.C., R.A.C., J.G.), and Pathology (H.K., S.L., L.R.), Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Bruno Alicke
- Departments of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (L.S., S.S.-L., J.C., J.P., E.G.P., C.Q., X.Z.), Discovery Chemistry (T.P.H., A.G.O.), Cancer Signaling and Translational Oncology (B.A., M.N., M.N.-P., L.B.L., S.E.G., H.S.P.), Biomedical Imaging (T.C., R.A.C., J.G.), and Pathology (H.K., S.L., L.R.), Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Timothy P Heffron
- Departments of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (L.S., S.S.-L., J.C., J.P., E.G.P., C.Q., X.Z.), Discovery Chemistry (T.P.H., A.G.O.), Cancer Signaling and Translational Oncology (B.A., M.N., M.N.-P., L.B.L., S.E.G., H.S.P.), Biomedical Imaging (T.C., R.A.C., J.G.), and Pathology (H.K., S.L., L.R.), Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Sheerin Shahidi-Latham
- Departments of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (L.S., S.S.-L., J.C., J.P., E.G.P., C.Q., X.Z.), Discovery Chemistry (T.P.H., A.G.O.), Cancer Signaling and Translational Oncology (B.A., M.N., M.N.-P., L.B.L., S.E.G., H.S.P.), Biomedical Imaging (T.C., R.A.C., J.G.), and Pathology (H.K., S.L., L.R.), Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Merry Nishimura
- Departments of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (L.S., S.S.-L., J.C., J.P., E.G.P., C.Q., X.Z.), Discovery Chemistry (T.P.H., A.G.O.), Cancer Signaling and Translational Oncology (B.A., M.N., M.N.-P., L.B.L., S.E.G., H.S.P.), Biomedical Imaging (T.C., R.A.C., J.G.), and Pathology (H.K., S.L., L.R.), Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Tim Cao
- Departments of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (L.S., S.S.-L., J.C., J.P., E.G.P., C.Q., X.Z.), Discovery Chemistry (T.P.H., A.G.O.), Cancer Signaling and Translational Oncology (B.A., M.N., M.N.-P., L.B.L., S.E.G., H.S.P.), Biomedical Imaging (T.C., R.A.C., J.G.), and Pathology (H.K., S.L., L.R.), Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Richard A Carano
- Departments of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (L.S., S.S.-L., J.C., J.P., E.G.P., C.Q., X.Z.), Discovery Chemistry (T.P.H., A.G.O.), Cancer Signaling and Translational Oncology (B.A., M.N., M.N.-P., L.B.L., S.E.G., H.S.P.), Biomedical Imaging (T.C., R.A.C., J.G.), and Pathology (H.K., S.L., L.R.), Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Jonathan Cheong
- Departments of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (L.S., S.S.-L., J.C., J.P., E.G.P., C.Q., X.Z.), Discovery Chemistry (T.P.H., A.G.O.), Cancer Signaling and Translational Oncology (B.A., M.N., M.N.-P., L.B.L., S.E.G., H.S.P.), Biomedical Imaging (T.C., R.A.C., J.G.), and Pathology (H.K., S.L., L.R.), Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Joan Greve
- Departments of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (L.S., S.S.-L., J.C., J.P., E.G.P., C.Q., X.Z.), Discovery Chemistry (T.P.H., A.G.O.), Cancer Signaling and Translational Oncology (B.A., M.N., M.N.-P., L.B.L., S.E.G., H.S.P.), Biomedical Imaging (T.C., R.A.C., J.G.), and Pathology (H.K., S.L., L.R.), Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Hartmut Koeppen
- Departments of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (L.S., S.S.-L., J.C., J.P., E.G.P., C.Q., X.Z.), Discovery Chemistry (T.P.H., A.G.O.), Cancer Signaling and Translational Oncology (B.A., M.N., M.N.-P., L.B.L., S.E.G., H.S.P.), Biomedical Imaging (T.C., R.A.C., J.G.), and Pathology (H.K., S.L., L.R.), Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Shari Lau
- Departments of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (L.S., S.S.-L., J.C., J.P., E.G.P., C.Q., X.Z.), Discovery Chemistry (T.P.H., A.G.O.), Cancer Signaling and Translational Oncology (B.A., M.N., M.N.-P., L.B.L., S.E.G., H.S.P.), Biomedical Imaging (T.C., R.A.C., J.G.), and Pathology (H.K., S.L., L.R.), Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Leslie B Lee
- Departments of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (L.S., S.S.-L., J.C., J.P., E.G.P., C.Q., X.Z.), Discovery Chemistry (T.P.H., A.G.O.), Cancer Signaling and Translational Oncology (B.A., M.N., M.N.-P., L.B.L., S.E.G., H.S.P.), Biomedical Imaging (T.C., R.A.C., J.G.), and Pathology (H.K., S.L., L.R.), Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Michelle Nannini-Pepe
- Departments of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (L.S., S.S.-L., J.C., J.P., E.G.P., C.Q., X.Z.), Discovery Chemistry (T.P.H., A.G.O.), Cancer Signaling and Translational Oncology (B.A., M.N., M.N.-P., L.B.L., S.E.G., H.S.P.), Biomedical Imaging (T.C., R.A.C., J.G.), and Pathology (H.K., S.L., L.R.), Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Jodie Pang
- Departments of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (L.S., S.S.-L., J.C., J.P., E.G.P., C.Q., X.Z.), Discovery Chemistry (T.P.H., A.G.O.), Cancer Signaling and Translational Oncology (B.A., M.N., M.N.-P., L.B.L., S.E.G., H.S.P.), Biomedical Imaging (T.C., R.A.C., J.G.), and Pathology (H.K., S.L., L.R.), Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Emile G Plise
- Departments of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (L.S., S.S.-L., J.C., J.P., E.G.P., C.Q., X.Z.), Discovery Chemistry (T.P.H., A.G.O.), Cancer Signaling and Translational Oncology (B.A., M.N., M.N.-P., L.B.L., S.E.G., H.S.P.), Biomedical Imaging (T.C., R.A.C., J.G.), and Pathology (H.K., S.L., L.R.), Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Cristine Quiason
- Departments of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (L.S., S.S.-L., J.C., J.P., E.G.P., C.Q., X.Z.), Discovery Chemistry (T.P.H., A.G.O.), Cancer Signaling and Translational Oncology (B.A., M.N., M.N.-P., L.B.L., S.E.G., H.S.P.), Biomedical Imaging (T.C., R.A.C., J.G.), and Pathology (H.K., S.L., L.R.), Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Linda Rangell
- Departments of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (L.S., S.S.-L., J.C., J.P., E.G.P., C.Q., X.Z.), Discovery Chemistry (T.P.H., A.G.O.), Cancer Signaling and Translational Oncology (B.A., M.N., M.N.-P., L.B.L., S.E.G., H.S.P.), Biomedical Imaging (T.C., R.A.C., J.G.), and Pathology (H.K., S.L., L.R.), Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Xiaolin Zhang
- Departments of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (L.S., S.S.-L., J.C., J.P., E.G.P., C.Q., X.Z.), Discovery Chemistry (T.P.H., A.G.O.), Cancer Signaling and Translational Oncology (B.A., M.N., M.N.-P., L.B.L., S.E.G., H.S.P.), Biomedical Imaging (T.C., R.A.C., J.G.), and Pathology (H.K., S.L., L.R.), Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Stephen E Gould
- Departments of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (L.S., S.S.-L., J.C., J.P., E.G.P., C.Q., X.Z.), Discovery Chemistry (T.P.H., A.G.O.), Cancer Signaling and Translational Oncology (B.A., M.N., M.N.-P., L.B.L., S.E.G., H.S.P.), Biomedical Imaging (T.C., R.A.C., J.G.), and Pathology (H.K., S.L., L.R.), Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Heidi S Phillips
- Departments of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (L.S., S.S.-L., J.C., J.P., E.G.P., C.Q., X.Z.), Discovery Chemistry (T.P.H., A.G.O.), Cancer Signaling and Translational Oncology (B.A., M.N., M.N.-P., L.B.L., S.E.G., H.S.P.), Biomedical Imaging (T.C., R.A.C., J.G.), and Pathology (H.K., S.L., L.R.), Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Alan G Olivero
- Departments of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (L.S., S.S.-L., J.C., J.P., E.G.P., C.Q., X.Z.), Discovery Chemistry (T.P.H., A.G.O.), Cancer Signaling and Translational Oncology (B.A., M.N., M.N.-P., L.B.L., S.E.G., H.S.P.), Biomedical Imaging (T.C., R.A.C., J.G.), and Pathology (H.K., S.L., L.R.), Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
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Vinorelbine Delivery and Efficacy in the MDA-MB-231BR Preclinical Model of Brain Metastases of Breast Cancer. Pharm Res 2016; 33:2904-2919. [PMID: 27541873 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-016-2012-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate vinorelbine drug exposure and activity in brain metastases of the human MDA-MB-231BR breast cancer model using integrated imaging and analysis. METHODS Brain and systemic metastases were created by administration of cancer cells in female NuNu mice. After metastases developed, animals were administered vinorelbine at the maximal tolerated dose (12 mg/kg), and were evaluated thereafter for total and unbound drug pharmacokinetics, biomarker TUNEL staining, and barrier permeability to Texas red. RESULTS Median brain metastasis drug exposure was 4-fold greater than normal brain, yet only ~8% of non-barrier systemic metastases, which suggests restricted brain exposure. Unbound vinorelbine tissue/plasma partition coefficient, Kp,uu, equaled ~1.0 in systemic metastases, but 0.03-0.22 in brain metastases, documenting restricted equilibration. In select sub-regions of highest drug-uptake brain metastases, Kp,uu approached 1.0, indicating complete focal barrier breakdown. Most vinorelbine-treated brain metastases exhibited little or no positive early apoptosis TUNEL staining in vivo. The in vivo unbound vinorelbine IC50 for TUNEL-positive staining (56 nM) was 4-fold higher than that measured in vitro (14 nM). Consistent with this finding, P-glycoprotein expression was observed to be substantially upregulated in brain metastasis cells in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Vinorelbine exposure at maximum tolerated dose was less than one-tenth that in systemic metastases in >70% of brain metastases, and was associated with negligible biomarker effect. In small subregions of the highest uptake brain metastases, compromise of blood-tumor barrier appeared complete. The results suggest that restricted delivery accounts for 80% of the compromise in drug efficacy for vinorelbine against this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy P. Heffron
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor A Levin
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Kaiser Permanente, Redwood City, CA, USA
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