1
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Tan S, Hu H, Xin X, Wu D. A clinical and biologic review of congenital melanocytic nevi. J Dermatol 2024; 51:12-22. [PMID: 37955315 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.17025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Congenital melanocytic nevi (CMN) are the result of aberrations in the mitogen-activated protein kinase signal transduction pathway caused by postzygotic somatic mutations. The estimated incidence of newborns with CMN is 1%-2%. The main complications of CMN include proliferative nodules, melanomas, and neurocutaneous melanosis, and the latter two are the most troublesome issues to address. Treatments are primarily taken into account for aesthetic purposes and the reduction of melanoma risk. Due to the much lower incidence of malignant transformation observed in recent studies than in previous data, clinical management paradigms for CMN patients have gradually shifted towards conservative observation and close monitoring. Surgery and lasers are still the main treatments, and targeted therapy may be a promising strategy to help manage complications. With the increase in awareness of mental health, increasing focus has been placed on the quality of life (QoL) and psychological issues of both CMN patients and their parents. Recent studies have revealed that families coping with CMN might endure intense pressure, a major loss in QoL, and psychological problems after diagnosis and during treatment. Here, we sought to present an overview of genetic basis, complications, treatments, and psychological issues related to CMN and hope to provide better management for patients with CMN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songtao Tan
- Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Haoyue Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Xin
- Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Di Wu
- Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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2
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Yu Q, Aimaier R, Chung MH, Cui X, Li Y, Wang Z, Li Q. Establishment and characterization of an immortalized human giant congenital melanocytic nevi cell line. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2022; 35:356-368. [PMID: 35218152 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.13033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Treatments for giant congenital melanocytic nevi (GCMN) are extremely limited. Thus, there is an urgent need for development of relevant targeted therapies. However, current lack of preclinical cell models restricts progress in GCMN research. In this study, we aimed to establish and characterize an immortalized GCMN cell line. GCMN cells were successfully immortalized by means of lentivirus-mediated simian virus 40 large T transfection. The immortalized GNC cell line (ImGNC) showed lower proliferation rate and higher melanin content than primary melanocytes. Expression levels of the differentiation gene MITF and stemness genes TWIST1, SNAI1, and FOXD3 were elevated in ImGNCs; however, the established ImGNC cell line was immortalized but not transformed. Sanger sequencing detected the heterozygous NRASQ61K mutation in ImGNCs, but not the BRAFV600E mutation. Despite carrying the NRASQ61K allele, ImGNCs demonstrated suppressed MAPK activation and elevated PI3K/Akt activation, as compared with primary melanocytes. Drug sensitivity analysis showed that ImGNCs are more sensitive to PI3K/Akt and Bcl-2 inhibitors than to MEK or ERK inhibitors. Unlike the proliferation-inhibiting effect of PI3K/Akt inhibitors, the Bcl-2 inhibitor navitoclax promptly promoted apoptosis in ImGNCs. Considering the low proliferation characteristics of GCMN in vivo, Bcl-2 may be a potential therapeutic target that warrants further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxiong Yu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Rehanguli Aimaier
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Man-Hon Chung
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiwei Cui
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuehua Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhichao Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingfeng Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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3
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Hanft KM, Hamed E, Kaiser M, Würtemberger J, Schneider M, Pietsch T, Feige U, Meiss F, Krengel S, Niemeyer C, Hettmer S. Combinatorial effects of azacitidine and trametinib on NRAS-mutated melanoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2022; 69:e29468. [PMID: 34866327 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.29468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Congenital melanocytic nevus (CMN) syndrome represents a mosaic RASopathy, typically caused by postzygotic NRAS codon 61 mutations, which originate in ectodermal precursor cells and result in melanocyte deposits in the skin and central nervous system (CNS). Affected patients are prone to develop uniformly fatal melanomas in the skin and CNS. Here, we report the case of a 2.7-year-old male with CMN syndrome, diffuse leptomeningeal melanosis and CNS melanoma, who underwent experimental therapy with the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor azacitidine in combination with the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK) inhibitor trametinib with exceptional clinical and radiological response. Response to combination therapy appeared to be more durable than the treatment response observed in several other severely affected patients treated with trametinib for late-stage disease. Correspondingly, concomitant exposure to trametinib and azacitidine prevented development of trametinib resistance in NRAS-mutated human melanoma cells in vitro. Also, azacitidine was shown to inhibit growth and mitogen-activated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation of melanoma cells and act synergistically with trametinib to inhibit the growth of trametinib-resistant melanoma cells. These observations suggest that azacitidine enhances trametinib monotherapy and may represent a promising candidate drug for combination therapies to enhance the efficacy of MEK inhibitors in RAS-driven diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klara-Maria Hanft
- Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ebrahem Hamed
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Max Kaiser
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Julia Würtemberger
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michaela Schneider
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Torsten Pietsch
- Department of Neuropathology, DGNN Brain Tumor Reference Center, University of Bonn Medical Centre, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ursula Feige
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Frank Meiss
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Charlotte Niemeyer
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Centre Freiburg (CCCF), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Simone Hettmer
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Centre Freiburg (CCCF), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), Freiburg, Germany
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4
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Basu D, Salgado CM, Bauer B, Hoehl RM, Moscinski CN, Schmitt L, Reyes-Múgica M. Histone deacetylase inhibitor Vorinostat (SAHA) suppresses micropthalmia transcription factor expression and induces cell death in nevocytes from large/giant congenital melanocytic nevi. Melanoma Res 2021; 31:319-327. [PMID: 34054057 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Large/giant congenital nevi (L/GCMN) are benign neoplasms of the melanocytic neural crest lineage covering extensive areas of skin presenting risk for melanoma. Surgical resection often leads to scarring and trauma. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (iHDACs) as topical therapeutic agents may prove beneficial as an alternative/adjunct to surgery in this disease. Here we describe the effect of in vitro treatment of iHDACs drugs on primary nevocytes isolated from L/GCMN patients. Micropthalmia transcription factor (MITF) expression in L/GCMN patients' lesions was detected by immunohistochemistry, in cultured nevocytes by immunofluorescence, immunoblot and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Cellular senescence was detected by SA-ß galactosidase activity. Markers for melanocytic differentiation were evaluated by immunoblot analysis and extracted melanin content was estimated spectrophotometrically. Cell death was measured by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay and necrosis confirmed by polymerase (PARP) cleavage and acridine orange staining of the nuclei. MITF was expressed ubiquitously in nevocytes and melanocytes in patients' lesions. In culture, iHDAC treatment suppressed MITF protein and mRNA expression resulting in a senescent-like phenotype with positive ß-galactosidase staining, progressing to necrotic cell death as evidenced by increased LDH activity, appearance of cleaved PARP and necrotic nuclei. This is the first report showing evidence of iHDACs-induced MITF suppression in congenital nevocytes in vitro leading to a morphologic change with positive ß-galactosidase staining, followed by necrotic cell death in nevocytes, indicating that iHDAC drugs could be valuable therapeutic agents for treatment of L/GCMN lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipanjan Basu
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Cláudia M Salgado
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Bruce Bauer
- Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ryan M Hoehl
- Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Catherine N Moscinski
- Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lori Schmitt
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Miguel Reyes-Múgica
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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5
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Abdulmajid L, Bosisio FM, Brems H, De Vlieger G, Garmyn M, Segers H, Demaerel P, Segers K, Jansen K, Lagae L, Verheecke M. An update on congenital melanocytic nevus syndrome: A case report and literature review. J Cutan Pathol 2021; 48:1497-1503. [PMID: 34255877 DOI: 10.1111/cup.14097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Congenital melanocytic nevus syndrome (CMNS) is a rare condition characterized by pigmented skin lesions that are usually present at birth and are associated with an increased risk of neurological abnormalities and malignant melanoma. It mostly results from a post-zygotic NRAS mutation of neural-derived crest cells, leading to uncontrolled cell growth. Because of the increased knowledge of the genetics underlying CMNS, targeted therapy becomes a promising treatment option. We present a case of CMNS in a newborn. Physical examination at birth showed a giant congenital melanocytic nevus, extending from the occipital to the lower lumbar region. A magnetic resonance imaging scan revealed multiple cerebral and cerebellar parenchymal lesions. Genetic analysis of the cutaneous lesions showed the presence of an NRAS Q61R mutation. The patient was treated with dermabrasion to reduce the color intensity of the nevus. However, this was complicated by recurrent wound infections and laborious wound healing. At the age of 1 year, the patient had an age-appropriate psychomotor development, without neurological deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilaf Abdulmajid
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | | | - Hilde Brems
- Department of Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, UZ/KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Greet De Vlieger
- Clinical Division and Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marjan Garmyn
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Heidi Segers
- Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Philippe Demaerel
- Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katarina Segers
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katrien Jansen
- Department of Development and Regeneration, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lieven Lagae
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Section Pediatric Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Magali Verheecke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, AZ Turnhout, Turnhout, Belgium
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6
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Farabi B, Akay BN, Goldust M, Wollina U, Atak MF, Rao B. Congenital melanocytic naevi: An up-to-date overview. Australas J Dermatol 2021; 62:e178-e191. [PMID: 33591589 DOI: 10.1111/ajd.13535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Congenital melanocytic naevi are hamartomas of the neuroectoderm caused by genetic mosaicism. Congenital melanocytic naevi are seen in 1-6% of all live births and commonly classified based on the projected size in adults. Congenital melanocytic naevi appear in different colours, shapes, and sizes, and occasionally present with complications. In this review, we sought to evaluate congenital melanocytic naevi, their clinical, dermatoscopic, and reflectance confocal microscopic features, behavioural pattern over time, new trends in classification, underlying genetic factors and their influence on clinical manifestations and management, associated risks, complications, magnetic resonance imaging findings and their management in the light of recent literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banu Farabi
- Dermatology and Venerology Department, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Dermatology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical Centre, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Bengu Nisa Akay
- Dermatology and Venerology Department, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mohamad Goldust
- Department of Dermatology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Uwe Wollina
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Städtisches Klinikum Dresden, Academic Teaching Hospital, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mehmet Fatih Atak
- Dermatology and Venerology Department, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Babar Rao
- Department of Dermatology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical Centre, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
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7
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Rouillé T, Aractingi S, Kadlub N, Fraitag S, How-Kit A, Daunay A, Hivelin M, Moguelet P, Picard A, Fontaine RH, Guégan S. Local Inhibition of MEK/Akt Prevents Cellular Growth in Human Congenital Melanocytic Nevi. J Invest Dermatol 2019; 139:2004-2015.e13. [PMID: 31059696 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.03.1156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The management of large congenital melanocytic nevi (lCMN) is based exclusively on iterative surgical procedures in the absence of validated medical therapy. The aim of our study was to develop an intra-lesional medical treatment for lCMN. Seventeen patients harboring NRAS-mutated lCMN were included. Nevocytes obtained from lCMN displayed an overactivation of mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (Akt) pathways. Mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK) and Akt inhibitors reduced the nevosphere diameter in sphere-forming assays, as well as cell viability and proliferation in in vitro assays. Standardized lCMN explants were then cultured ex vivo with the same inhibitors, which induced a decrease in MelanA+ and Sox10+ cells in both epidermis and dermis. Finally, intradermal injections of these inhibitors were administered within standardized lCMN xenografts in Rag2-/- mice. They induced a dramatic decrease in nevocytes in treated xenografts, which persisted 30 days after the end of treatment. Using original nevus explant and xenograft preclinical models, we demonstrated that intradermal MEK/Akt inhibition might serve as neoadjuvant therapy for the treatment of NRAS-mutated congenital melanocytic nevi to avoid iterative surgeries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Rouillé
- Saint-Antoine Research Center, INSERM UMRS_938, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Selim Aractingi
- Saint-Antoine Research Center, INSERM UMRS_938, Paris, France; Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France; AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, Department of Dermatology, Paris, France
| | - Natacha Kadlub
- Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France; AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants-Malades, Department of Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Fraitag
- AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants-Malades, Department of Pathology, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre How-Kit
- Laboratory for Functional Genomics, Fondation Jean Dausset-CEPH, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Daunay
- Laboratory for Functional Genomics, Fondation Jean Dausset-CEPH, Paris, France
| | - Mikael Hivelin
- Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France; AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Department of Plastic Surgery, Paris, France
| | | | - Arnaud Picard
- Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France; AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants-Malades, Department of Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery, Paris, France
| | - Romain H Fontaine
- Saint-Antoine Research Center, INSERM UMRS_938, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Sarah Guégan
- Saint-Antoine Research Center, INSERM UMRS_938, Paris, France; Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France; AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, Department of Dermatology, Paris, France.
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8
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Basu D, Salgado CM, Patel JR, Zabec J, Hoehl RM, Bauer B, Reyes-Múgica M. Pluripotency markers are differentially induced by IGF1 and bFGF in cells from patients' lesions of large/giant congenital melanocytic nevi. Biomark Res 2019; 7:2. [PMID: 30675361 PMCID: PMC6332894 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-018-0152-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Factors regulating transcription of pluripotency genes in congenital nevo-melanocytes are not known. Nevo-melanocytes belong somewhere in-between the ends of a spectrum where the normal epidermal melanocyte represents one end and a melanoma cell with multiple genetic abnormalities represents the other. Cells from large/giant congenital nevi (L/GCMN), unlike normal melanocytes, grow colonies on soft agar and express pluripotency markers, similar to melanoma cells. In this study normal melanocytes, SKMEL28 melanoma cells and nevo-melanocytes isolated from three L/GCMN patients were exposed to niche factors bFGF and IGF1 in vitro at physiological doses, and expression of a panel of pluripotency markers was determined by RT-PCR. While normal melanocytes did not show any significant transcriptional change in the genes studied, bFGF induced transcription of Sox2 and Bmi1 in melanoma cells. Patients' cells showed differential expression, with Sox10 being common to C76N and PD1N, while only Sox2 and Bmi1 were upregulated in C139N. IGF1 on the other hand induced unique sets of genes in each individual sample. We conclude that expression of pluripotency genes in L/GCMN cells is affected by niche factors bFGF and IGF1; however, each individual growth factor induced a unique set of genes in a patient's cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipanjan Basu
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224 USA
| | - Cláudia M Salgado
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224 USA
| | - Janki R Patel
- 2Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Joie Zabec
- 2Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Ryan M Hoehl
- 2Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Bruce Bauer
- 3Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, North Shore University Health System, Northbrook, IL USA
| | - Miguel Reyes-Múgica
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224 USA
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9
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Basu D, Salgado CM, Bauer B, Khakoo Y, Patel JR, Hoehl RM, Bertolini DM, Zabec J, Brzozowski MR, Reyes-Múgica M. The Dual PI3K/mToR Inhibitor Omipalisib/GSK2126458 Inhibits Clonogenic Growth in Oncogenically-transformed Cells from Neurocutaneous Melanocytosis. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2018; 15:239-248. [PMID: 29976629 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Omipalisib has been found to affect the viability of cancer cells. However, its effect on clonogenicity - a feature of cancer stem cells, is not clear. Cells isolated from neurocutaneous melanocytosis (NCM) patients' lesions grow clonogenically. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of omipalisib treatment on clonogenic growth of NCM cells in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS Clonogenic growth efficiency was evaluated by colony formation assays with or without specific growth factors. Activation of MEK and Akt was determined by immunoblots. Colony formation and cell viability were assessed upon pharmacological inhibition of MEK, Akt and mToR. RESULTS Clonogenicity appeared to depend on bFGF and IGF1signaling through ERK and Akt. Omipalisib treatment prevented colony formation and induced autophagic cell death. CONCLUSION Signaling through Akt is important for survival of clonogenic cells in NCM, and omipalisib treatment as a monotherapy or in combination with MEK162 could be an effective therapeutic strategy to inhibit clonogenic growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipanjan Basu
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A
| | - Cláudia M Salgado
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A
| | - Bruce Bauer
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, North Shore University Health System, Northbrook, IL, U.S.A
| | - Yasmin Khakoo
- Department of Pediatrics and Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, U.S.A.,Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, U.S.A
| | - Janki R Patel
- Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A
| | - Ryan M Hoehl
- Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A
| | - Dominique M Bertolini
- Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A
| | - Joie Zabec
- Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A
| | - Morgan R Brzozowski
- Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A
| | - Miguel Reyes-Múgica
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A
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10
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Reimer A, He Y, Has C. Update on Genetic Conditions Affecting the Skin and the Kidneys. Front Pediatr 2018; 6:43. [PMID: 29552546 PMCID: PMC5840143 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2018.00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic conditions affecting the skin and kidney are clinically and genetically heterogeneous, and target molecular components present in both organs. The molecular pathology involves defects of cell-matrix adhesion, metabolic or signaling pathways, as well as tumor suppressor genes. This article gives a clinically oriented overview of this group of disorders, highlighting entities which have been recently described, as well as the progress made in understanding well-known entities. The genetic bases as well as molecular cell biological mechanisms are described, with therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Reimer
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Berta-Ottenstein-Programme, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Yinghong He
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Cristina Has
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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11
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Guégan S, Kadlub N, Picard A, Rouillé T, Charbel C, Coulomb-L'Hermine A, How-Kit A, Fraitag S, Aractingi S, Fontaine RH. Varying proliferative and clonogenic potential inNRAS-mutated congenital melanocytic nevi according to size. Exp Dermatol 2016; 25:789-96. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.13073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Guégan
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U938; Saint-Antoine Research Center; Paris France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris VI; Paris France
- Department of Dermatology; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Tenon; Paris France
| | - Natacha Kadlub
- Université René Descartes-Paris V; Paris France
- Department of Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker-Enfants-Malades; Paris France
| | - Arnaud Picard
- Université René Descartes-Paris V; Paris France
- Department of Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker-Enfants-Malades; Paris France
| | - Thomas Rouillé
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U938; Saint-Antoine Research Center; Paris France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris VI; Paris France
| | - Christelle Charbel
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U938; Saint-Antoine Research Center; Paris France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris VI; Paris France
| | - Aurore Coulomb-L'Hermine
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris VI; Paris France
- Department of Pathology; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Trousseau; Paris France
| | - Alexandre How-Kit
- Laboratory for Functional Genomics; Fondation Jean Dausset - CEPH; Paris France
| | - Sylvie Fraitag
- Department of Pathology; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker-Enfants-Malades; Paris France
| | - Selim Aractingi
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U938; Saint-Antoine Research Center; Paris France
- Université René Descartes-Paris V; Paris France
- Department of Dermatology; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin; Paris France
| | - Romain H. Fontaine
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U938; Saint-Antoine Research Center; Paris France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris VI; Paris France
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The article intends to review recent updates in the management of congenital melanocytic nevi (CMN) and the evolving genomic landscape that has begun to shed light on the nature of nevogenesis, malignant potential, and possible therapeutic targets for those with melanoma and neurologic involvement. RECENT FINDINGS CMN are the result of postzygotic somatic mutations involving key proteins in the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, primarily NRAS and BRAF. Complications include a spectrum of neurologic findings and development of melanoma. Patients with extracutaneous involvement may be better termed as having 'CMN syndrome'. MRI findings in high risk patients with multiple CMN may best predict clinical outcome. SUMMARY The management of patients with CMN is complex. Neurologic involvement and melanoma remain the two most devastating complications. New, genetically targeted therapies for patients with complications may be of value, and research for potential therapies is ongoing.
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Patel J, Salgado CM, Múgica MR, Basu D. Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor signaling via Akt: a general therapeutic target in neurocutaneous melanocytosis? Neuro Oncol 2015; 18:142-3. [PMID: 26667139 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nov271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Janki Patel
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC and Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Cláudia M Salgado
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC and Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Miguel Reyes Múgica
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC and Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Dipanjan Basu
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC and Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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