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Lu SL, Pei Y, Liu WW, Han K, Cheng JCH, Li PC. Evaluating ECM stiffness and liver cancer radiation response via shear-wave elasticity in 3D culture models. Radiat Oncol 2024; 19:128. [PMID: 39334323 PMCID: PMC11430210 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-024-02513-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The stiffness of the tumor microenvironment (TME) directly influences cellular behaviors. Radiotherapy (RT) is a common treatment for solid tumors, but the TME can impact its efficacy. In the case of liver cancer, clinical observations have shown that tumors within a cirrhotic, stiffer background respond less to RT, suggesting that the extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness plays a critical role in the development of radioresistance. METHODS This study explored the effects of ECM stiffness and the inhibition of lysyl oxidase (LOX) isoenzymes on the radiation response of liver cancer in a millimeter-sized three-dimensional (3D) culture. We constructed a cube-shaped ECM-based millimeter-sized hydrogel containing Huh7 human liver cancer cells. By modulating the collagen concentration, we produced two groups of samples with different ECM stiffnesses to mimic the clinical scenarios of normal and cirrhotic livers. We used a single-transducer system for shear-wave-based elasticity measurement, to derive Young's modulus of the 3D cell culture to investigate how the ECM stiffness affects radiosensitivity. This is the first demonstration of a workflow for assessing radiation-induced response in a millimeter-sized 3D culture. RESULTS Increased ECM stiffness was associated with a decreased radiation response. Moreover, sonoporation-assisted LOX inhibition with BAPN (β-aminopropionitrile monofumarate) significantly decreased the initial ECM stiffness and increased RT-induced cell death. Inhibition of LOX was particularly effective in reducing ECM stiffness in stiffer matrices. Combining LOX inhibition with RT markedly increased radiation-induced DNA damage in cirrhotic liver cancer cells, enhancing their response to radiation. Furthermore, LOX inhibition can be combined with sonoporation to overcome stiffness-related radioresistance, potentially leading to better treatment outcomes for patients with liver cancer. CONCLUSIONS The findings underscore the significant influence of ECM stiffness on liver cancer's response to radiation. Sonoporation-aided LOX inhibition emerges as a promising strategy to mitigate stiffness-related resistance, offering potential improvements in liver cancer treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Lun Lu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Oncology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu Pei
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Wen Liu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate of Institute of Oral Biology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kun Han
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jason Chia-Hsien Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Oncology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Radiation Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pai-Chi Li
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Lee VK, Tejero R, Silvia N, Sattiraju A, Ramakrishnan A, Shen L, Wojcinski A, Kesari S, Friedel RH, Zou H, Dai G. 3D Brain Vascular Niche Model Captures Invasive Behavior and Gene Signatures of Glioblastoma. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.09.601756. [PMID: 39026692 PMCID: PMC11257506 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.09.601756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a lethal brain cancer with no effective treatment; understanding how GBM cells respond to tumor microenvironment remains challenging as conventional cell cultures lack proper cytoarchitecture while in vivo animal models present complexity all at once. Developing a culture system to bridge the gap is thus crucial. Here, we employed a multicellular approach using human glia and vascular cells to optimize a 3-dimensional (3D) brain vascular niche model that enabled not only long-term culture of patient derived GBM cells but also recapitulation of key features of GBM heterogeneity, in particular invasion behavior and vascular association. Comparative transcriptomics of identical patient derived GBM cells in 3D and in vivo xenotransplants models revealed that glia-vascular contact induced genes concerning neural/glia development, synaptic regulation, as well as immune suppression. This gene signature displayed region specific enrichment in the leading edge and microvascular proliferation zones in human GBM and predicted poor prognosis. Gene variance analysis also uncovered histone demethylation and xylosyltransferase activity as main themes for gene adaption of GBM cells in vivo . Furthermore, our 3D model also demonstrated the capacity to provide a quiescence and a protective niche against chemotherapy. In summary, an advanced 3D brain vascular model can bridge the gap between 2D cultures and in vivo models in capturing key features of GBM heterogeneity and unveil previously unrecognized influence of glia-vascular contact for transcriptional adaption in GBM cells featuring neural/synaptic interaction and immunosuppression.
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Vishnoi M, Dereli Z, Yin Z, Kong EK, Kinali M, Thapa K, Babur O, Yun K, Abdelfattah N, Li X, Bozorgui B, Farach-Carson MC, Rostomily RC, Korkut A. A prognostic matrix gene expression signature defines functional glioblastoma phenotypes and niches. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4541464. [PMID: 38947019 PMCID: PMC11213219 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4541464/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Background Interactions among tumor, immune, and vascular niches play major roles in driving glioblastoma (GBM) malignancy and treatment responses. The composition, heterogeneity, and localization of extracellular core matrix proteins (CMPs) that mediate such interactions, however, are not well understood. Methods Here, through computational genomics and proteomics approaches, we analyzed the functional and clinical relevance of CMP expression in GBM at bulk, single cell, and spatial anatomical resolution. Results We identified genes encoding CMPs whose expression levels categorize GBM tumors into CMP expression-high (M-H) and CMP expression-low (M-L) groups. CMP enrichment is associated with worse patient survival, specific driver oncogenic alterations, mesenchymal state, infiltration of pro-tumor immune cells, and immune checkpoint gene expression. Anatomical and single-cell transcriptome analyses indicate that matrisome gene expression is enriched in vascular and leading edge/infiltrative niches that are known to harbor glioma stem cells driving GBM progression. Finally, we identified a 17-gene CMP expression signature, termed Matrisome 17 (M17) signature that further refines the prognostic value of CMP genes. The M17 signature is a significantly stronger prognostic factor compared to MGMT promoter methylation status as well as canonical subtypes, and importantly, potentially predicts responses to PD1 blockade. Conclusion The matrisome gene expression signature provides a robust stratification of GBM patients by survival and potential biomarkers of functionally relevant GBM niches that can mediate mesenchymal-immune cross talk. Patient stratification based on matrisome profiles can contribute to selection and optimization of treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Vishnoi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030 USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Weill Cornell Medical School, New York NY, 10065
| | - Zeynep Dereli
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zheng Yin
- Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, Houston Methodist Neal Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030 USA
| | - Elisabeth K. Kong
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Statistics, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Meric Kinali
- Computer Science, College of Science and Mathematics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, 02125
| | - Kisan Thapa
- Computer Science, College of Science and Mathematics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, 02125
| | - Ozgun Babur
- Computer Science, College of Science and Mathematics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, 02125
| | - Kyuson Yun
- Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030 USA
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medical School, New York NY, 10065
| | - Nourhan Abdelfattah
- Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030 USA
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medical School, New York NY, 10065
| | - Xubin Li
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Behnaz Bozorgui
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mary C. Farach-Carson
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
- Departments of BioSciences and Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Robert C. Rostomily
- Department of Neurosurgery, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030 USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle WA, 98195
- Department of Neurosurgery, Weill Cornell Medical School, New York NY, 10065
| | - Anil Korkut
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Mei J, Liu X, Tian H, Chen Y, Cao Y, Zeng J, Liu Y, Chen Y, Gao Y, Yin J, Wang P. Tumour organoids and assembloids: Patient-derived cancer avatars for immunotherapy. Clin Transl Med 2024; 14:e1656. [PMID: 38664597 PMCID: PMC11045561 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Organoid technology is an emerging and rapidly growing field that shows promise in studying organ development and screening therapeutic regimens. Although organoids have been proposed for a decade, concerns exist, including batch-to-batch variations, lack of the native microenvironment and clinical applicability. MAIN BODY The concept of organoids has derived patient-derived tumour organoids (PDTOs) for personalized drug screening and new drug discovery, mitigating the risks of medication misuse. The greater the similarity between the PDTOs and the primary tumours, the more influential the model will be. Recently, 'tumour assembloids' inspired by cell-coculture technology have attracted attention to complement the current PDTO technology. High-quality PDTOs must reassemble critical components, including multiple cell types, tumour matrix, paracrine factors, angiogenesis and microorganisms. This review begins with a brief overview of the history of organoids and PDTOs, followed by the current approaches for generating PDTOs and tumour assembloids. Personalized drug screening has been practised; however, it remains unclear whether PDTOs can predict immunotherapies, including immune drugs (e.g. immune checkpoint inhibitors) and immune cells (e.g. tumour-infiltrating lymphocyte, T cell receptor-engineered T cell and chimeric antigen receptor-T cell). PDTOs, as cancer avatars of the patients, can be expanded and stored to form a biobank. CONCLUSION Fundamental research and clinical trials are ongoing, and the intention is to use these models to replace animals. Pre-clinical immunotherapy screening using PDTOs will be beneficial to cancer patients. KEY POINTS The current PDTO models have not yet constructed key cellular and non-cellular components. PDTOs should be expandable and editable. PDTOs are promising preclinical models for immunotherapy unless mature PDTOs can be established. PDTO biobanks with consensual standards are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Mei
- Oujiang Laboratory; Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Institute of AgingWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouPeople's Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaPeople's Republic of China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of PharmacogeneticsCentral South UniversityChangshaPeople's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of PharmacogenomicsMinistry of EducationChangshaPeople's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaPeople's Republic of China
| | - Xingjian Liu
- Oujiang Laboratory; Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Institute of AgingWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Hui‐Xiang Tian
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaPeople's Republic of China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of PharmacogeneticsCentral South UniversityChangshaPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yixuan Chen
- Oujiang Laboratory; Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Institute of AgingWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yang Cao
- Oujiang Laboratory; Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Institute of AgingWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zeng
- Oujiang Laboratory; Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Institute of AgingWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouPeople's Republic of China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yung‐Chiang Liu
- Oujiang Laboratory; Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Institute of AgingWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yaping Chen
- Oujiang Laboratory; Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Institute of AgingWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yang Gao
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaPeople's Republic of China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaPeople's Republic of China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Pulmonary Nodules Precise Diagnosis and Treatment, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaPeople's Republic of China
- Xiangya Lung Cancer Center, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaPeople's Republic of China
| | - Ji‐Ye Yin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaPeople's Republic of China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of PharmacogeneticsCentral South UniversityChangshaPeople's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of PharmacogenomicsMinistry of EducationChangshaPeople's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaPeople's Republic of China
| | - Peng‐Yuan Wang
- Oujiang Laboratory; Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Institute of AgingWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouPeople's Republic of China
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Vanderlinden A, Jones CG, Myers KN, Rominiyi O, Collis SJ. DNA damage response inhibitors enhance tumour treating fields (TTFields) potency in glioma stem-like cells. Br J Cancer 2023; 129:1829-1840. [PMID: 37777579 PMCID: PMC10667536 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02454-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-grade gliomas are primary brain cancers with unacceptably low and persistent survival rates of 10-16 months for WHO grade 4 gliomas over the last 40 years, despite surgical resection and DNA-damaging chemo-radiotherapy. More recently, tumour-treating fields therapy (TTFields) has demonstrated modest survival benefit and been clinically approved in several countries. TTFields is thought to mediate anti-cancer activity by primarily disrupting mitosis. However, recent data suggest that TTFields may also attenuate DNA damage repair and replication fork dynamics, providing a potential platform for therapeutic combinations incorporating standard-of-care treatments and targeted DNA damage response inhibitors (DDRi). METHODS We have used patient-derived, typically resistant, glioma stem-like cells (GSCs) in combination with the previously validated preclinical Inovitro™ TTFields system together with a number of therapeutic DDRi. RESULTS We show that TTFields robustly activates PARP- and ATR-mediated DNA repair (including PARylation and CHK1 phosphorylation, respectively), whilst combining TTFields with PARP1 or ATR inhibitor treatment leads to significantly reduced clonogenic survival. The potency of each of these strategies is further enhanced by radiation treatment, leading to increased amounts of DNA damage with profound delay in DNA damage resolution. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, our findings represent the first report of TTFields applied with clinically approved or in-trial DDRi in GSC models and provides a basis for translational studies toward multimodal DDRi/TTFields-based therapeutic strategies for patients with these currently incurable tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelie Vanderlinden
- Division of Clinical Medicine, The University of Sheffield, School of Medicine and Population Health, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
| | - Callum G Jones
- Division of Clinical Medicine, The University of Sheffield, School of Medicine and Population Health, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
| | - Katie N Myers
- Division of Clinical Medicine, The University of Sheffield, School of Medicine and Population Health, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
| | - Ola Rominiyi
- Division of Clinical Medicine, The University of Sheffield, School of Medicine and Population Health, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK.
- Division of Neuroscience, The University of Sheffield, School of Medicine and Population Health, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, S10 2JF, UK.
| | - Spencer J Collis
- Division of Clinical Medicine, The University of Sheffield, School of Medicine and Population Health, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK.
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Vishnoi M, Dereli Z, Yin Z, Kong EK, Kinali M, Thapa K, Babur O, Yun K, Abdelfattah N, Li X, Bozorgui B, Rostomily RC, Korkut A. A prognostic matrix code defines functional glioblastoma phenotypes and niches. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3285842. [PMID: 37790408 PMCID: PMC10543369 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3285842/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Interactions among tumor, immune and vascular niches play major roles in driving glioblastoma (GBM) malignancy and treatment responses. The composition, heterogeneity, and localization of extracellular core matrix proteins (CMPs) that mediate such interactions, however, are not well understood. Here, we characterize functional and clinical relevance of genes encoding CMPs in GBM at bulk, single cell, and spatial anatomical resolution. We identify a "matrix code" for genes encoding CMPs whose expression levels categorize GBM tumors into matrisome-high and matrisome-low groups that correlate with worse and better patient survival, respectively. The matrisome enrichment is associated with specific driver oncogenic alterations, mesenchymal state, infiltration of pro-tumor immune cells and immune checkpoint gene expression. Anatomical and single cell transcriptome analyses indicate that matrisome gene expression is enriched in vascular and leading edge/infiltrative anatomic structures that are known to harbor glioma stem cells driving GBM progression. Finally, we identified a 17-gene matrisome signature that retains and further refines the prognostic value of genes encoding CMPs and, importantly, potentially predicts responses to PD1 blockade in clinical trials for GBM. The matrisome gene expression profiles provide potential biomarkers of functionally relevant GBM niches that contribute to mesenchymal-immune cross talk and patient stratification which could be applied to optimize treatment responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Vishnoi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030 USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle WA, 98195
| | - Zeynep Dereli
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zheng Yin
- Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, Houston Methodist Neal Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030 USA
| | - Elisabeth K. Kong
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Statistics, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Meric Kinali
- Computer Science, College of Science and Mathematics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, 02125
| | - Kisan Thapa
- Computer Science, College of Science and Mathematics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, 02125
| | - Ozgun Babur
- Computer Science, College of Science and Mathematics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, 02125
| | - Kyuson Yun
- Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030 USA
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medical School, New York NY, 10065
| | - Nourhan Abdelfattah
- Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030 USA
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medical School, New York NY, 10065
| | - Xubin Li
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Behnaz Bozorgui
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Robert C. Rostomily
- Department of Neurosurgery, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030 USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle WA, 98195
- Department of Neurosurgery, Weill Cornell Medical School, New York NY, 10065
| | - Anil Korkut
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Wang X, Sun Y, Zhang DY, Ming GL, Song H. Glioblastoma modeling with 3D organoids: progress and challenges. OXFORD OPEN NEUROSCIENCE 2023; 2:kvad008. [PMID: 38596241 PMCID: PMC10913843 DOI: 10.1093/oons/kvad008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive adult primary brain tumor with nearly universal treatment resistance and recurrence. The mainstay of therapy remains maximal safe surgical resection followed by concurrent radiation therapy and temozolomide chemotherapy. Despite intensive investigation, alternative treatment options, such as immunotherapy or targeted molecular therapy, have yielded limited success to achieve long-term remission. This difficulty is partly due to the lack of pre-clinical models that fully recapitulate the intratumoral and intertumoral heterogeneity of GBM and the complex tumor microenvironment. Recently, GBM 3D organoids originating from resected patient tumors, genetic manipulation of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived brain organoids and bio-printing or fusion with non-malignant tissues have emerged as novel culture systems to portray the biology of GBM. Here, we highlight several methodologies for generating GBM organoids and discuss insights gained using such organoid models compared to classic modeling approaches using cell lines and xenografts. We also outline limitations of current GBM 3D organoids, most notably the difficulty retaining the tumor microenvironment, and discuss current efforts for improvements. Finally, we propose potential applications of organoid models for a deeper mechanistic understanding of GBM and therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yusha Sun
- Neuroscience Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Daniel Y Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Guo-li Ming
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hongjun Song
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- The Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- GBM Translational Center of Excellence, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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8
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Ahmed T. Biomaterial-based in vitro 3D modeling of glioblastoma multiforme. CANCER PATHOGENESIS AND THERAPY 2023; 1:177-194. [PMID: 38327839 PMCID: PMC10846340 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpt.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Adult-onset brain cancers, such as glioblastomas, are particularly lethal. People with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) do not anticipate living for more than 15 months if there is no cure. The results of conventional treatments over the past 20 years have been underwhelming. Tumor aggressiveness, location, and lack of systemic therapies that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier are all contributing factors. For GBM treatments that appear promising in preclinical studies, there is a considerable rate of failure in phase I and II clinical trials. Unfortunately, access becomes impossible due to the intricate architecture of tumors. In vitro, bioengineered cancer models are currently being used by researchers to study disease development, test novel therapies, and advance specialized medications. Many different techniques for creating in vitro systems have arisen over the past few decades due to developments in cellular and tissue engineering. Later-stage research may yield better results if in vitro models that resemble brain tissue and the blood-brain barrier are used. With the use of 3D preclinical models made available by biomaterials, researchers have discovered that it is possible to overcome these limitations. Innovative in vitro models for the treatment of GBM are possible using biomaterials and novel drug carriers. This review discusses the benefits and drawbacks of 3D in vitro glioblastoma modeling systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanvir Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
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9
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Vishnoi M, Dereli Z, Yin Z, Kong EK, Kinali M, Thapa K, Babur O, Yun K, Abdelfattah N, Li X, Bozorgui B, Rostomily RC, Korkut A. A prognostic matrix code defines functional glioblastoma phenotypes and niches. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.06.543903. [PMID: 37333072 PMCID: PMC10274725 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.06.543903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Interactions among tumor, immune and vascular niches play major roles in driving glioblastoma (GBM) malignancy and treatment responses. The composition, heterogeneity, and localization of extracellular core matrix proteins (CMPs) that mediate such interactions, however, are not well understood. Here, we characterize functional and clinical relevance of genes encoding CMPs in GBM at bulk, single cell, and spatial anatomical resolution. We identify a "matrix code" for genes encoding CMPs whose expression levels categorize GBM tumors into matrisome-high and matrisome-low groups that correlate with worse and better survival, respectively, of patients. The matrisome enrichment is associated with specific driver oncogenic alterations, mesenchymal state, infiltration of pro-tumor immune cells and immune checkpoint gene expression. Anatomical and single cell transcriptome analyses indicate that matrisome gene expression is enriched in vascular and leading edge/infiltrative anatomic structures that are known to harbor glioma stem cells driving GBM progression. Finally, we identified a 17-gene matrisome signature that retains and further refines the prognostic value of genes encoding CMPs and, importantly, potentially predicts responses to PD1 blockade in clinical trials for GBM. The matrisome gene expression profiles may provide biomarkers of functionally relevant GBM niches that contribute to mesenchymal-immune cross talk and patient stratification to optimize treatment responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Vishnoi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030 USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle WA, 98195
| | - Zeynep Dereli
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zheng Yin
- Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, Houston Methodist Neal Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030 USA
| | - Elisabeth K. Kong
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Statistics, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Meric Kinali
- Computer Science, College of Science and Mathematics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, 02125
| | - Kisan Thapa
- Computer Science, College of Science and Mathematics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, 02125
| | - Ozgun Babur
- Computer Science, College of Science and Mathematics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, 02125
| | - Kyuson Yun
- Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030 USA
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medical School, New York NY, 10065
| | - Nourhan Abdelfattah
- Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030 USA
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medical School, New York NY, 10065
| | - Xubin Li
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Behnaz Bozorgui
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Robert C. Rostomily
- Department of Neurosurgery, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030 USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle WA, 98195
- Department of Neurosurgery, Weill Cornell Medical School, New York NY, 10065
| | - Anil Korkut
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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10
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Keeratichamroen S, Sornprachum T, Ngiwsara L, Ornnork N, Svasti J. p‑STAT3 influences doxorubicin and etoposide resistance of A549 cells grown in an in vitro 3D culture model. Oncol Rep 2023; 49:71. [PMID: 36825601 PMCID: PMC9996681 DOI: 10.3892/or.2023.8508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor microenvironment undoubtedly has a significant impact on therapeutic responses. Abundant evidence suggests that the 3D in vitro culture holds great promise for drug discovery and development by bridging the gap between conventional 2D culture and animal models. The present study described 3D basement membrane culture of A549 cells, which mimics the complex 3D arrangement of tumors in vivo and elucidates the underlying mechanisms of microenvironmental influences on cellular functions and therapeutic efficacy. A549 cells cultured in 3D undergo G0/G1 phase arrest and decreased migratory and invasive capacity, indicating dormant cell characteristics. Hypoxia, apoptosis and stemness were demonstrated in the A549 cells in 3D architecture compared with the 2D‑cultured counterparts. More importantly, cells in the 3D environment exhibited increased resistance to different classes of anticancer agents. Western blotting revealed changes in the levels of key cancer‑associated pathways, phosphorylated (p)‑STAT3, p‑ERK, and p‑Akt, in response to 3D culture compared with 2D monolayer culture. Notably, mechanistic analysis using specific inhibitors showed that the STAT3 inhibitor overcomes the 3D culture‑induced doxorubicin and etoposide resistance. These results implicated an important role of p‑STAT3 in conferring chemoresistance in 3D‑cultured A549 cells, as well as the use of STAT3 inhibitor as a potential chemosensitizer to improve drug sensitivity. Thus, 3D culture systems, that more closely resemble in vivo tumor biology, may be more effective models in searching for novel chemotherapeutic agents and therapeutic targets for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thiwaree Sornprachum
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Lukana Ngiwsara
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Narittira Ornnork
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Jisnuson Svasti
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
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11
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Song T, Zhang H, Luo Z, Shang L, Zhao Y. Primary Human Pancreatic Cancer Cells Cultivation in Microfluidic Hydrogel Microcapsules for Drug Evaluation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2206004. [PMID: 36808707 PMCID: PMC10131826 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202206004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy is an essential postoperative treatment for pancreatic cancer, while due to the lack of effective drug evaluation platforms, the therapeutic outcomes are hampered by tumor heterogeneity among individuals. Here, a novel microfluidic encapsulated and integrated primary pancreatic cancer cells platform is proposed for biomimetic tumor 3D cultivation and clinical drug evaluation. These primary cells are encapsulated into hydrogel microcapsules of carboxymethyl cellulose cores and alginate shells based on a microfluidic electrospray technique. Benefiting from the good monodispersity, stability, and precise dimensional controllability of the technology, the encapsulated cells can proliferate rapidly and spontaneously form 3D tumor spheroids with highly uniform size and good cell viability. By integrating these encapsulated tumor spheroids into a microfluidic chip with concentration gradient channels and culture chambers, dynamic and high-throughput drug evaluation of different chemotherapy regimens could be realized. It is demonstrated that different patient-derived tumor spheroids show different drug sensitivity on-chip, which is significantly consistent with the clinical follow-up study after the operation. The results demonstrate that the microfluidic encapsulated and integrated tumor spheroids platform has great application potential in clinical drug evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiyu Song
- Department of Rheumatology and ImmunologyInstitute of Translational MedicineThe Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjing210002China
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of BioelectronicsSchool of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China
| | - Zhiqiang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of BioelectronicsSchool of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China
| | - Luoran Shang
- Department of Rheumatology and ImmunologyInstitute of Translational MedicineThe Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjing210002China
- Zhongshan‐Xuhui Hospital and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics the International Colaboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology)Institutes of Biomedical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
| | - Yuanjin Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and ImmunologyInstitute of Translational MedicineThe Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjing210002China
- State Key Laboratory of BioelectronicsSchool of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China
- Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation CenterNanjing UniversityNanjing210023China
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12
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Sevinyan L, Gupta P, Velliou E, Madhuri TK. The Development of a Three-Dimensional Platform for Patient-Derived Ovarian Cancer Tissue Models: A Systematic Literature Review. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5628. [PMID: 36428724 PMCID: PMC9688222 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an unmet biomedical need for ex vivo tumour models that would predict drug responses and in turn help determine treatment regimens and potentially predict resistance before clinical studies. Research has shown that three dimensional models of ovarian cancer (OvCa) are more realistic than two dimensional in vitro systems as they are able to capture patient in vivo conditions in more accurate manner. The vast majority of studies aiming to recapitulate the ovarian tumour morphology, behaviors, and study chemotherapy responses have been using ovarian cancer cell lines. However, despite the advantages of utilising cancer cell lines to set up a platform, they are not as informative as systems applying patient derived cells, as cell lines are not able to recapitulate differences between each individual patient characteristics. In this review we discussed the most recent advances in the creation of 3D ovarian cancer models that have used patient derived material, the challenges to overcome and future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lusine Sevinyan
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Royal Surrey NHS Foundation Trust, Guildford GU2 7XX, UK
- Cancer Research, School of Applied Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4HQ, UK
| | - Priyanka Gupta
- Centre for 3D Models of Health and Disease, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Bioprocess and Biochemical Engineering Group (BioProChem), Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Eirini Velliou
- Centre for 3D Models of Health and Disease, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Bioprocess and Biochemical Engineering Group (BioProChem), Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Thumuluru Kavitha Madhuri
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Royal Surrey NHS Foundation Trust, Guildford GU2 7XX, UK
- Cancer Research, School of Applied Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4HQ, UK
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13
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Faisal SM, Comba A, Varela ML, Argento AE, Brumley E, Abel C, Castro MG, Lowenstein PR. The complex interactions between the cellular and non-cellular components of the brain tumor microenvironmental landscape and their therapeutic implications. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1005069. [PMID: 36276147 PMCID: PMC9583158 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1005069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM), an aggressive high-grade glial tumor, is resistant to therapy and has a poor prognosis due to its universal recurrence rate. GBM cells interact with the non-cellular components in the tumor microenvironment (TME), facilitating their rapid growth, evolution, and invasion into the normal brain. Herein we discuss the complexity of the interactions between the cellular and non-cellular components of the TME and advances in the field as a whole. While the stroma of non-central nervous system (CNS) tissues is abundant in fibrillary collagens, laminins, and fibronectin, the normal brain extracellular matrix (ECM) predominantly includes proteoglycans, glycoproteins, and glycosaminoglycans, with fibrillary components typically found only in association with the vasculature. However, recent studies have found that in GBMs, the microenvironment evolves into a more complex array of components, with upregulated collagen gene expression and aligned fibrillary ECM networks. The interactions of glioma cells with the ECM and the degradation of matrix barriers are crucial for both single-cell and collective invasion into neighboring brain tissue. ECM-regulated mechanisms also contribute to immune exclusion, resulting in a major challenge to immunotherapy delivery and efficacy. Glioma cells chemically and physically control the function of their environment, co-opting complex signaling networks for their own benefit, resulting in radio- and chemo-resistance, tumor recurrence, and cancer progression. Targeting these interactions is an attractive strategy for overcoming therapy resistance, and we will discuss recent advances in preclinical studies, current clinical trials, and potential future clinical applications. In this review, we also provide a comprehensive discussion of the complexities of the interconnected cellular and non-cellular components of the microenvironmental landscape of brain tumors to guide the development of safe and effective therapeutic strategies against brain cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed M. Faisal
- Dept. of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Dept. of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Andrea Comba
- Dept. of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Dept. of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Maria L. Varela
- Dept. of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Dept. of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Anna E. Argento
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Emily Brumley
- Dept. of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Dept. of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Clifford Abel
- Dept. of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Dept. of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Maria G. Castro
- Dept. of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Dept. of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Pedro R. Lowenstein
- Dept. of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Dept. of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- *Correspondence: Pedro R. Lowenstein,
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An Orthotopic Model of Glioblastoma Is Resistant to Radiodynamic Therapy with 5-AminoLevulinic Acid. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14174244. [PMID: 36077783 PMCID: PMC9454704 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Radiosensitization of glioblastoma is a major ambition to increase the survival of this incurable cancer. Before surgery, oral administration of 5-aminolevulinic acid leads to the accumulation of fluorescent protoporphyrin IX, preferentially in the cancer cells rather than in the normal brain. This property is used to optimize the resection of the tumor under fluorescent light. Protoporphyrin IX may also carry radiosensitization activity. To test this hypothesis, we designed a robust murine preclinical model of glioblastoma with tumors implanted into the brain of mice treated by fractionated radiotherapy, as for humans. Despite the specific accumulation of porphyrins in glioblastoma, there was no radiosensitization. We confirmed these results in in vitro 3D patient-derived spheroids. Radiosensitization by molecules such as porphyrins needs more exploration for application in glioblastoma treatment. Abstract Radiosensitization of glioblastoma is a major ambition to increase the survival of this incurable cancer. The 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is metabolized by the heme biosynthesis pathway. 5-ALA overload leads to the accumulation of the intermediate fluorescent metabolite protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) with a radiosensitization potential, never tested in a relevant model of glioblastoma. We used a patient-derived tumor cell line grafted orthotopically to create a brain tumor model. We evaluated tumor growth and tumor burden after different regimens of encephalic multifractionated radiation therapy with or without 5-ALA. A fractionation scheme of 5 × 2 Gy three times a week resulted in intermediate survival [48–62 days] compared to 0 Gy (15–24 days), 3 × 2 Gy (41–47 days) and, 5 × 3 Gy (73–83 days). Survival was correlated to tumor growth. Tumor growth and survival were similar after 5 × 2 Gy irradiations, regardless of 5-ALA treatment (RT group (53–67 days), RT+5-ALA group (40–74 days), HR = 1.57, p = 0.24). Spheroid growth and survival were diminished by radiotherapy in vitro, unchanged by 5-ALA pre-treatment, confirming the in vivo results. The analysis of two additional stem-like patient-derived cell lines confirmed the absence of radiosensitization by 5-ALA. Our study shows for the first time that in a preclinical tumor model relevant to human glioblastoma, treated as in clinical routine, 5-ALA administration, although leading to important accumulation of PpIX, does not potentiate radiotherapy.
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15
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Morphometrical, Morphological, and Immunocytochemical Characterization of a Tool for Cytotoxicity Research: 3D Cultures of Breast Cell Lines Grown in Ultra-Low Attachment Plates. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10080415. [PMID: 35893848 PMCID: PMC9394479 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10080415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional cell cultures may better mimic avascular tumors. Yet, they still lack characterization and standardization. Therefore, this study aimed to (a) generate multicellular aggregates (MCAs) of four breast cell lines: MCF7, MDA-MB-231, and SKBR3 (tumoral) and MCF12A (non-tumoral) using ultra-low attachment (ULA) plates, (b) detail the methodology used for their formation and analysis, providing technical tips, and (c) characterize the MCAs using morphometry, qualitative cytology (at light and electron microscopy), and quantitative immunocytochemistry (ICC) analysis. Each cell line generated uniform MCAs with structural differences among cell lines: MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 MCAs showed an ellipsoid/discoid shape and compact structure, while MCF12A and SKBR3 MCAs were loose, more flattened, and presented bigger areas. MCF7 MCAs revealed glandular breast differentiation features. ICC showed a random distribution of the proliferating and apoptotic cells throughout the MCAs, not fitting in the traditional spheroid model. ICC for cytokeratin, vimentin, and E-cadherin showed different results according to the cell lines. Estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR) receptors were positive only in MCF7 and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) in SKBR3. The presented characterization of the MCAs in non-exposed conditions provided a good baseline to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of potential anticancer compounds.
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16
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Liang J, Sohrabi A, Epperson M, Rad LM, Tamura K, Sathialingam M, Skandakumar T, Lue P, Huang J, Popoli J, Yackly A, Bick M, Wang ZZ, Chen CC, Varuzhanyan G, Damoiseaux R, Seidlits SK. Hydrogel Arrays Enable Increased Throughput for Screening Effects of Matrix Components and Therapeutics in 3D Tumor Models. J Vis Exp 2022:10.3791/63791. [PMID: 35781280 PMCID: PMC9969841 DOI: 10.3791/63791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-matrix interactions mediate complex physiological processes through biochemical, mechanical, and geometrical cues, influencing pathological changes and therapeutic responses. Accounting for matrix effects earlier in the drug development pipeline is expected to increase the likelihood of clinical success of novel therapeutics. Biomaterial-based strategies recapitulating specific tissue microenvironments in 3D cell culture exist but integrating these with the 2D culture methods primarily used for drug screening has been challenging. Thus, the protocol presented here details the development of methods for 3D culture within miniaturized biomaterial matrices in a multi-well plate format to facilitate integration with existing drug screening pipelines and conventional assays for cell viability. Since the matrix features critical for preserving clinically relevant phenotypes in cultured cells are expected to be highly tissue- and disease-specific, combinatorial screening of matrix parameters will be necessary to identify appropriate conditions for specific applications. The methods described here use a miniaturized culture format to assess cancer cell responses to orthogonal variation of matrix mechanics and ligand presentation. Specifically, this study demonstrates the use of this platform to investigate the effects of matrix parameters on the responses of patient-derived glioblastoma (GBM) cells to chemotherapy.
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17
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Akolawala Q, Rovituso M, Versteeg HH, Rondon AMR, Accardo A. Evaluation of Proton-Induced DNA Damage in 3D-Engineered Glioblastoma Microenvironments. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:20778-20789. [PMID: 35442634 PMCID: PMC9100514 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c03706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a devastating cancer of the brain with an extremely poor prognosis. For this reason, besides clinical and preclinical studies, novel in vitro models for the assessment of cancer response to drugs and radiation are being developed. In such context, three-dimensional (3D)-engineered cellular microenvironments, compared to unrealistic two-dimensional (2D) monolayer cell culture, provide a model closer to the in vivo configuration. Concerning cancer treatment, while X-ray radiotherapy and chemotherapy remain the current standard, proton beam therapy is an appealing alternative as protons can be efficiently targeted to destroy cancer cells while sparing the surrounding healthy tissue. However, despite the treatment's compelling biological and medical rationale, little is known about the effects of protons on GBM at the cellular level. In this work, we designed novel 3D-engineered scaffolds inspired by the geometry of brain blood vessels, which cover a vital role in the colonization mechanisms of GBM cells. The architectures were fabricated by two-photon polymerization (2PP), cultured with U-251 GBM cells and integrated for the first time in the context of proton radiation experiments to assess their response to treatment. We employed Gamma H2A.X as a fluorescent biomarker to identify the DNA damage induced in the cells by proton beams. The results show a higher DNA double-strand breakage in 2D cell monolayers as compared to cells cultured in 3D. The discrepancy in terms of proton radiation response could indicate a difference in the radioresistance of the GBM cells or in the rate of repair kinetics between 2D cell monolayers and 3D cell networks. Thus, these biomimetic-engineered 3D scaffolds pave the way for the realization of a benchmark tool that can be used to routinely assess the effects of proton therapy on 3D GBM cell networks and other types of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qais Akolawala
- Department
of Precision and Microsystems Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628
CD Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Marta Rovituso
- Holland
Proton Therapy Center (HollandPTC), Huismansingel 4, 2629 JH Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Henri H. Versteeg
- Einthoven
Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Division of Thrombosis
and Hemostasis, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Araci M. R. Rondon
- Einthoven
Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Division of Thrombosis
and Hemostasis, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Angelo Accardo
- Department
of Precision and Microsystems Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628
CD Delft, The Netherlands
- . Tel: +31 (0)15 27 81610
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18
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Chaudhary P, Gwynne DC, Odlozilik B, McMurray A, Milluzzo G, Maiorino C, Doria D, Ahmed H, Romagnani L, Alejo A, Padda H, Green J, Carroll D, Booth N, McKenna P, Kar S, Petringa G, Catalano R, Cammarata FP, Cirrone GAP, McMahon SJ, Prise KM, Borghesi M. Development of a portable hypoxia chamber for ultra-high dose rate laser-driven proton radiobiology applications. Radiat Oncol 2022; 17:77. [PMID: 35428301 PMCID: PMC9013042 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-022-02024-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is currently significant interest in assessing the role of oxygen in the radiobiological effects at ultra-high dose rates. Oxygen modulation is postulated to play a role in the enhanced sparing effect observed in FLASH radiotherapy, where particles are delivered at 40–1000 Gy/s. Furthermore, the development of laser-driven accelerators now enables radiobiology experiments in extreme regimes where dose rates can exceed 109 Gy/s, and predicted oxygen depletion effects on cellular response can be tested. Access to appropriate experimental enviroments, allowing measurements under controlled oxygenation conditions, is a key requirement for these studies. We report on the development and application of a bespoke portable hypoxia chamber specifically designed for experiments employing laser-driven sources, but also suitable for comparator studies under FLASH and conventional irradiation conditions. Materials and methods We used oxygen concentration measurements to test the induction of hypoxia and the maintenance capacity of the chambers. Cellular hypoxia induction was verified using hypoxia inducible factor-1α immunostaining. Calibrated radiochromic films and GEANT-4 simulations verified the dosimetry variations inside and outside the chambers. We irradiated hypoxic human skin fibroblasts (AG01522B) cells with laser-driven protons, conventional protons and reference 225 kVp X-rays to quantify DNA DSB damage and repair under hypoxia. We further measured the oxygen enhancement ratio for cell survival after X-ray exposure in normal fibroblast and radioresistant patient- derived GBM stem cells. Results Oxygen measurements showed that our chambers maintained a radiobiological hypoxic environment for at least 45 min and pathological hypoxia for up to 24 h after disconnecting the chambers from the gas supply. We observed a significant reduction in the 53BP1 foci induced by laser-driven protons, conventional protons and X-rays in the hypoxic cells compared to normoxic cells at 30 min post-irradiation. Under hypoxic irradiations, the Laser-driven protons induced significant residual DNA DSB damage in hypoxic AG01522B cells compared to the conventional dose rate protons suggesting an important impact of these extremely high dose-rate exposures. We obtained an oxygen enhancement ratio (OER) of 2.1 ± 0.1 and 2.5 ± 0.1 respectively for the AG01522B and patient-derived GBM stem cells for X-ray irradiation using our hypoxia chambers. Conclusion We demonstrated the design and application of portable hypoxia chambers for studying cellular radiobiological endpoints after exposure to laser-driven protons at ultra-high dose, conventional protons and X-rays. Suitable levels of reduced oxygen concentration could be maintained in the absence of external gassing to quantify hypoxic effects. The data obtained provided indication of an enhanced residual DNA DSB damage under hypoxic conditions at ultra-high dose rate compared to the conventional protons or X-rays. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13014-022-02024-3.
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19
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Pavlova GV, Golbin DA, Kubyshkina VE, Galkin MV, Pronin IN, Karandashov IV. [Cell cultures of human CNS tumors as in vitro model for individualized therapeutic approach]. ZHURNAL VOPROSY NEIROKHIRURGII IMENI N. N. BURDENKO 2022; 86:84-90. [PMID: 36534628 DOI: 10.17116/neiro20228606184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Tumor cell lines and cultures are widely used in biomedical research. They are excellent model systems for analysis of oncological mechanisms and understanding the biology of tumor cells. Cell cultures are used to develop and test new anticancer drugs, radiosensitizers and radiotherapy methods. Clinical application of tumor cell cultures is directly related to development of personalized medicine. Using tumor cell culture in a particular patient, physicians can select treatment considering molecular genetic characteristics of patient and tumor. In addition, it is possible to choose the optimal drug or radiotherapy regimen with obvious effectiveness in certain cell culture. This review describes the advantages of such an approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- G V Pavlova
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Moscow, Russia
- Burdenko Neurosurgical Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - D A Golbin
- Burdenko Neurosurgical Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - V E Kubyshkina
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - M V Galkin
- Burdenko Neurosurgical Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - I N Pronin
- Burdenko Neurosurgical Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - I V Karandashov
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Moscow, Russia
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20
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Aldaz P, Arozarena I. Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Adult Glioblastoma: An (Un)Closed Chapter? Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5799. [PMID: 34830952 PMCID: PMC8616487 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and lethal form of malignant brain tumor. GBM patients normally undergo surgery plus adjuvant radiotherapy followed by chemotherapy. Numerous studies into the molecular events driving GBM highlight the central role played by the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR), as well as the Platelet-derived Growth Factor Receptors PDGFRA and PDGFRB in tumor initiation and progression. Despite strong preclinical evidence for the therapeutic potential of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) that target EGFR, PDGFRs, and other tyrosine kinases, clinical trials performed during the last 20 years have not led to the desired therapeutic breakthrough for GBM patients. While clinical trials are still ongoing, in the medical community there is the perception of TKIs as a lost opportunity in the fight against GBM. In this article, we review the scientific rationale for the use of TKIs targeting glioma drivers. We critically analyze the potential causes for the failure of TKIs in the treatment of GBM, and we propose alternative approaches to the clinical evaluation of TKIs in GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Aldaz
- Cancer Signaling Unit, Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Navarre (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Imanol Arozarena
- Cancer Signaling Unit, Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Navarre (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
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21
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Xu X, Li L, Luo L, Shu L, Si X, Chen Z, Xia W, Huang J, Liu Y, Shao A, Ke Y. Opportunities and challenges of glioma organoids. Cell Commun Signal 2021; 19:102. [PMID: 34635112 PMCID: PMC8504127 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-021-00777-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma is the most common primary brain tumor and its prognosis is poor. Despite surgical removal, glioma is still prone to recurrence because it grows rapidly in the brain, is resistant to chemotherapy, and is highly aggressive. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a platform to study the cell dynamics of gliomas in order to discover the characteristics of the disease and develop more effective treatments. Although 2D cell models and animal models in previous studies have provided great help for our research, they also have many defects. Recently, scientific researchers have constructed a 3D structure called Organoids, which is similar to the structure of human tissues and organs. Organoids can perfectly compensate for the shortcomings of previous glioma models and are currently the most suitable research platform for glioma research. Therefore, we review the three methods currently used to establish glioma organoids. And introduced how they play a role in the diagnosis and treatment of glioma. Finally, we also summarized the current bottlenecks and difficulties encountered by glioma organoids, and the current efforts to solve these difficulties. Video Abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangdong Xu
- The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory On Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingfei Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Linting Luo
- Department of Neurology, Liwan Central Hospital of GuangZhou, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingling Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.,Department of Hematological Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Si
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenzhen Chen
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenqing Xia
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinyu Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory On Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, People's Republic of China.
| | - Anwen Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yiquan Ke
- The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory On Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, People's Republic of China.
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22
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Abou-Mrad Z, Bou Gharios J, Moubarak MM, Chalhoub A, Moussalem C, Bahmad HF, Abou-Kheir W. Central nervous system tumors and three-dimensional cell biology: Current and future perspectives in modeling. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:1112-1126. [PMID: 34567429 PMCID: PMC8422930 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i8.1112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) tumors are a variety of distinct neoplasms that present multiple challenges in terms of treatment and prognosis. Glioblastoma, the most common primary tumor in adults, is associated with poor survival and remains one of the least treatable neoplasms. These tumors are highly heterogenous and complex in their nature. Due to this complexity, traditional cell culturing techniques and methods do not provide an ideal recapitulating model for the study of these tumors’ behavior in vivo. Two-dimensional models lack the spatial arrangement, the heterogeneity in cell types, and the microenvironment that play a large role in tumor cell behavior and response to treatment. Recently, scientists have turned towards three-dimensional culturing methods, namely spheroids and organoids, as they have been shown to recapitulate tumors in a more faithful manner to their in vivo counterparts. Moreover, tumor-on-a-chip systems have lately been employed in CNS tumor modeling and have shown great potential in both studying the pathophysiology and therapeutic testing. In this review, we will discuss the current available literature on in vitro three-dimensional culturing models in CNS tumors, in addition to presenting their advantages and current limitations. We will also elaborate on the future implications of these models and their benefit in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaki Abou-Mrad
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Jolie Bou Gharios
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Maya M Moubarak
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Ahmad Chalhoub
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Charbel Moussalem
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Hisham F Bahmad
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
- Arkadi M. Rywlin M.D. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL 33140, United States
| | - Wassim Abou-Kheir
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
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23
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Stefanek E, Samiei E, Kavoosi M, Esmaeillou M, Roustai Geraylow K, Emami A, Ashrafizadeh M, Perrin D, Gordon JW, Akbari M, Ghavami S. A bioengineering method for modeling alveolar Rhabdomyosarcoma and assessing chemotherapy responses. MethodsX 2021; 8:101473. [PMID: 34430344 PMCID: PMC8374652 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2021.101473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common pediatric soft-tissue malignant tumor. Treatment of RMS usually includes primary tumor resection along with systemic chemotherapy. Two-dimensional (2D) cell culture systems and animal models have been extensively used for investigating the potential efficacy of new RMS treatments. However, RMS cells behave differently in 2D culture than in vivo, which has recently inspired the adoption of three-dimensional (3D) culture environments. In the current paper, we will describe the detailed methodology we have developed for fabricating a 3D engineered model to study alveolar RMS (ARMS) in vitro. This model consists of a thermally cross-linked collagen disk laden with RMS cells that mimics the structural and bio-chemical aspects of the tumor extracellular matrix (ECM). This process is highly reproducible and produces a 3D engineered model that can be used to analyze the cytotoxicity and autophagy induction of drugs on ARMS cells. The most improtant bullet points are as following:We fabricated 3D model of ARMS. The current ARMS 3D model can be used for screening of chemotherapy drugs. We developed methods to detect apoptosis and autophagy in ARMS 3D model to detect the mechansims of chemotherapy agents.
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Key Words
- 2D, Two-dimensional
- 3D, Three-dimensional
- AKT, Protein Kinase B
- Apoptosis
- Autophagy
- BSA, Bovine serum albumin
- Biofabrication
- Cell death
- DAPI, 4’,6-Diami- dino-2-Phenylindole, Dihydrochloride
- DFS, Disease-free survival
- DMEM, Dulbecco's phosphate buffered saline
- DNA, Deoxyribonucleic acid
- ECM, Extracellular matrix
- EDTA, Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
- EM, Engineered model
- EthD-1, Ethidium homodimer-1
- FBS, Fetal bovine serum
- FOXO1, Forkhead box protein O1
- HEPES, (4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid)
- ICC, Immunocytochemistry
- IgG, Immunoglobulin G
- LC3, Microtubule associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3
- MEK, Mitogen-activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase
- MYOD1, Myogenic muscle differentiation transcription factor 1
- PAX, Paired box gene
- PDMS, Polydimethylsiloxane
- PNIPAAm, Poly-N-isopropylacrylamide
- RGD, Arginylglycylaspartic acid
- RMS, Rhabdomyosarcoma
- RPMI, Roswell Park Memorial Institute
- RT, Room temperature
- Rhabdomyosarcoma
- TMZ, Temozolomide
- dECM, Decellularized extracellular matrix
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Stefanek
- Laboratory for Innovations in Micro Engineering (LiME), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada.,Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technologies (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Ehsan Samiei
- Laboratory for Innovations in Micro Engineering (LiME), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | - Mahboubeh Kavoosi
- Department of Biology, School of Basic Sciences, Research and Science Branch of Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran
| | | | | | - Arya Emami
- Faculty of Psychology, Department of Health, York University, ON, Canada.,Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orta Mahalle, Üniversite Caddesi No. 27, Orhanlı, Tuzla, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | - David Perrin
- Department of Surgery, Section of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg MB R3A 1R9, Canada
| | - Joseph W Gordon
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,The Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme of the Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Canada
| | - Mohsen Akbari
- Laboratory for Innovations in Micro Engineering (LiME), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada.,Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technologies (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada.,Biotechnology Center, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 2A, Gliwice 44-100, Poland
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Research Institute of Oncology and Hematology, Cancer Care Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg MBR3E 0V9, Canada.,Autophagy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7134845794, Iran.,Faculty of Medicine, Katowice School of Technology, Katowice, Poland
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24
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Dragoj M, Stojkovska J, Stanković T, Dinić J, Podolski-Renić A, Obradović B, Pešić M. Development and Validation of a Long-Term 3D Glioblastoma Cell Culture in Alginate Microfibers as a Novel Bio-Mimicking Model System for Preclinical Drug Testing. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11081025. [PMID: 34439644 PMCID: PMC8391761 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11081025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Various three-dimensional (3D) glioblastoma cell culture models have a limited duration of viability. Our aim was to develop a long-term 3D glioblastoma model, which is necessary for reliable drug response studies. Methods: Human U87 glioblastoma cells were cultured in alginate microfibers for 28 days. Cell growth, viability, morphology, and aggregation in 3D culture were monitored by fluorescent and confocal microscopy upon calcein-AM/propidium iodide (CAM/PI) staining every seven days. The glioblastoma 3D model was validated using temozolomide (TMZ) treatments 3 days in a row with a recovery period. Cell viability by MTT and resistance-related gene expression (MGMT and ABCB1) by qPCR were assessed after 28 days. The same TMZ treatment schedule was applied in 2D U87 cell culture for comparison purposes. Results: Within a long-term 3D model system in alginate fibers, U87 cells remained viable for up to 28 days. On day 7, cells formed visible aggregates oriented to the microfiber periphery. TMZ treatment reduced cell growth but increased drug resistance-related gene expression. The latter effect was more pronounced in 3D compared to 2D cell culture. Conclusion: Herein, we described a long-term glioblastoma 3D model system that could be particularly helpful for drug testing and treatment optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miodrag Dragoj
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.D.); (T.S.); (J.D.); (A.P.-R.)
| | - Jasmina Stojkovska
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (J.S.); (B.O.)
- Innovation Center of the Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tijana Stanković
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.D.); (T.S.); (J.D.); (A.P.-R.)
| | - Jelena Dinić
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.D.); (T.S.); (J.D.); (A.P.-R.)
| | - Ana Podolski-Renić
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.D.); (T.S.); (J.D.); (A.P.-R.)
| | - Bojana Obradović
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (J.S.); (B.O.)
| | - Milica Pešić
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.D.); (T.S.); (J.D.); (A.P.-R.)
- Correspondence:
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25
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Rausch M, Blanc L, De Souza Silva O, Dormond O, Griffioen AW, Nowak-Sliwinska P. Characterization of Renal Cell Carcinoma Heterotypic 3D Co-Cultures with Immune Cell Subsets. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2551. [PMID: 34067456 PMCID: PMC8197009 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Two-dimensional cell culture-based platforms are easy and reproducible, however, they do not resemble the heterotypic cell-cell interactions or the complex tumor microenvironment. These parameters influence the treatment response and the cancer cell fate. Platforms to study the efficacy of anti-cancer treatments and their impact on the tumor microenvironment are currently being developed. In this study, we established robust, reproducible, and easy-to-use short-term spheroid cultures to mimic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). These 3D co-cultures included human endothelial cells, fibroblasts, immune cell subsets, and ccRCC cell lines, both parental and sunitinib-resistant. During spheroid formation, cells induce the production and secretion of the extracellular matrix. We monitored immune cell infiltration, surface protein expression, and the response to a treatment showing that the immune cells infiltrated the spheroid co-cultures within 6 h. Treatment with an optimized drug combination or the small molecule-based targeted drug sunitinib increased immune cell infiltration significantly. Assessing the therapeutic potential of this drug combination in this platform, we revealed that the expression of PD-L1 increased in 3D co-cultures. The cost- and time-effective establishment of our 3D co-culture model and its application as a pre-clinical drug screening platform can facilitate the treatment validation and clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Rausch
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (M.R.); (L.B.)
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Translational Research Center in Oncohaematology, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Léa Blanc
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (M.R.); (L.B.)
| | - Olga De Souza Silva
- Department of Visceral Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (O.D.S.S.); (O.D.)
| | - Olivier Dormond
- Department of Visceral Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (O.D.S.S.); (O.D.)
| | - Arjan W. Griffioen
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Patrycja Nowak-Sliwinska
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (M.R.); (L.B.)
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Translational Research Center in Oncohaematology, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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26
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Paolillo M, Comincini S, Schinelli S. In Vitro Glioblastoma Models: A Journey into the Third Dimension. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13102449. [PMID: 34070023 PMCID: PMC8157833 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13102449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In this review, the thorny issue of glioblastoma models is addressed, with a focus on 3D in vitro models. In the first part of the manuscript, glioblastoma features and classification are recapitulated, in order to highlight the major critical aspects that should be taken into account when choosing a glioblastoma 3D model. In the second part of the review, the 3D models described in the literature are critically discussed, considering the advantages, disadvantages, and feasibility for each experimental model, in the light of the potential issues that researchers want to address. Abstract Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most lethal primary brain tumor in adults, with an average survival time of about one year from initial diagnosis. In the attempt to overcome the complexity and drawbacks associated with in vivo GBM models, together with the need of developing systems dedicated to screen new potential drugs, considerable efforts have been devoted to the implementation of reliable and affordable in vitro GBM models. Recent findings on GBM molecular features, revealing a high heterogeneity between GBM cells and also between other non-tumor cells belonging to the tumoral niche, have stressed the limitations of the classical 2D cell culture systems. Recently, several novel and innovative 3D cell cultures models for GBM have been proposed and implemented. In this review, we first describe the different populations and their functional role of GBM and niche non-tumor cells that could be used in 3D models. An overview of the current available 3D in vitro systems for modeling GBM, together with their major weaknesses and strengths, is presented. Lastly, we discuss the impact of groundbreaking technologies, such as bioprinting and multi-omics single cell analysis, on the future implementation of 3D in vitro GBM models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayra Paolillo
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Sergio Comincini
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Sergio Schinelli
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
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27
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Lange F, Hörnschemeyer J, Kirschstein T. Glutamatergic Mechanisms in Glioblastoma and Tumor-Associated Epilepsy. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051226. [PMID: 34067762 PMCID: PMC8156732 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The progression of glioblastomas is associated with a variety of neurological impairments, such as tumor-related epileptic seizures. Seizures are not only a common comorbidity of glioblastoma but often an initial clinical symptom of this cancer entity. Both, glioblastoma and tumor-associated epilepsy are closely linked to one another through several pathophysiological mechanisms, with the neurotransmitter glutamate playing a key role. Glutamate interacts with its ionotropic and metabotropic receptors to promote both tumor progression and excitotoxicity. In this review, based on its physiological functions, our current understanding of glutamate receptors and glutamatergic signaling will be discussed in detail. Furthermore, preclinical models to study glutamatergic interactions between glioma cells and the tumor-surrounding microenvironment will be presented. Finally, current studies addressing glutamate receptors in glioma and tumor-related epilepsy will be highlighted and future approaches to interfere with the glutamatergic network are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falko Lange
- Oscar-Langendorff-Institute of Physiology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany;
- Center for Transdisciplinary Neurosciences Rostock, University of Rostock, 18147 Rostock, Germany
- Correspondence: (F.L.); (T.K.)
| | - Julia Hörnschemeyer
- Oscar-Langendorff-Institute of Physiology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany;
| | - Timo Kirschstein
- Oscar-Langendorff-Institute of Physiology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany;
- Center for Transdisciplinary Neurosciences Rostock, University of Rostock, 18147 Rostock, Germany
- Correspondence: (F.L.); (T.K.)
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28
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Wishart G, Gupta P, Schettino G, Nisbet A, Velliou E. 3d tissue models as tools for radiotherapy screening for pancreatic cancer. Br J Radiol 2021; 94:20201397. [PMID: 33684308 PMCID: PMC8010544 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20201397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficiency of radiotherapy treatment regimes varies from tumour to tumour and from patient to patient but it is generally highly influenced by the tumour microenvironment (TME). The TME can be described as a heterogeneous composition of biological, biophysical, biomechanical and biochemical milieus that influence the tumour survival and its' response to treatment. Preclinical research faces challenges in the replication of these in vivo milieus for predictable treatment response studies. 2D cell culture is a traditional, simplistic and cost-effective approach to culture cells in vitro, however, the nature of the system fails to recapitulate important features of the TME such as structure, cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. At the same time, the traditional use of animals (Xenografts) in cancer research allows realistic in vivo architecture, however foreign physiology, limited heterogeneity and reduced tumour mutation rates impairs relevance to humans. Furthermore, animal research is very time consuming and costly. Tissue engineering is advancing as a promising biomimetic approach, producing 3D models that capture structural, biophysical, biochemical and biomechanical features, therefore, facilitating more realistic treatment response studies for further clinical application. However, currently, the application of 3D models for radiation response studies is an understudied area of research, especially for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), a cancer with a notoriously complex microenvironment. At the same time, specific novel and/or more enhanced radiotherapy tumour-targeting techniques such as MRI-guided radiotherapy and proton therapy are emerging to more effectively target pancreatic cancer cells. However, these emerging technologies may have different biological effectiveness as compared to established photon-based radiotherapy. For example, for MRI-guided radiotherapy, the novel use of static magnetic fields (SMF) during radiation delivery is understudied and not fully understood. Thus, reliable biomimetic platforms to test new radiation delivery strategies are required to more accurately predict in vivo responses. Here, we aim to collate current 3D models for radiation response studies of PDAC, identifying the state of the art and outlines knowledge gaps. Overall, this review paper highlights the need for further research on the use of 3D models for pre-clinical radiotherapy screening including (i) 3D (re)-modeling of the PDAC hypoxic TME to allow for late effects of ionising radiation (ii) the screening of novel radiotherapy approaches and their combinations as well as (iii) a universally accepted 3D-model image quantification method for evaluating TME components in situ that would facilitate accurate post-treatment(s) quantitative comparisons.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Priyanka Gupta
- Bioprocess and Biochemical Engineering Group (BioProChem), Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
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29
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Maury P, Porcel E, Mau A, Lux F, Tillement O, Mahou P, Schanne-Klein MC, Lacombe S. Rapid Evaluation of Novel Therapeutic Strategies Using a 3D Collagen-Based Tissue-Like Model. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:574035. [PMID: 33681152 PMCID: PMC7929985 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.574035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
2D cell cultures are commonly used to rapidly evaluate the therapeutic potential of various treatments on living cells. However, the effects of the extracellular matrix (ECM) including the 3D arrangement of cells and the complex physiology of native environment are missing, which makes these models far from in vivo conditions. 3D cell models have emerged in preclinical studies to simulate the impact of the ECM and partially bridge the gap between monolayer cultures and in vivo tissues. To date, the difficulty to handle the existing 3D models, the cost of their production and their poor reproducibility have hindered their use. Here, we present a reproducible and commercially available "3D cell collagen-based model" (3D-CCM) that allows to study the influence of the matrix on nanoagent uptake and radiation effects. The cell density in these samples is homogeneous. The oxygen concentration in the 3D-CCM is tunable, which opens the opportunity to investigate hypoxic effects. In addition, thanks to the intrinsic properties of the collagen, the second harmonic imaging microscopy may be used to probe the whole volume and visualize living cells in real-time. Thus, the architecture and composition of 3D-CCMs as well as the impact of various therapeutic strategies on cells embedded in the ECM is observed directly. Moreover, the disaggregation of the collagen matrix allows recovering of cells without damaging them. It is a major advantage that makes possible single cell analysis and quantification of treatment effects using clonogenic assay. In this work, 3D-CCMs were used to evaluate the correlative efficacies of nanodrug exposure and medical radiation on cells contained in a tumor like sample. A comparison with monolayer cell cultures was performed showing the advantageous outcome and the higher potential of 3D-CCMs. This cheap and easy to handle approach is more ethical than in vivo experiments, thus, giving a fast evaluation of cellular responses to various treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Maury
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d’Orsay, Orsay, France
| | - Erika Porcel
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d’Orsay, Orsay, France
| | - Adrien Mau
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d’Orsay, Orsay, France
| | - François Lux
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Institut Lumière Matière, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR 5306 CNRS-UCBL, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Olivier Tillement
- Institut Lumière Matière, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR 5306 CNRS-UCBL, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Pierre Mahou
- Laboratoire d’Optique et Biosciences, Ecole Polytechnique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France
| | - Marie-Claire Schanne-Klein
- Laboratoire d’Optique et Biosciences, Ecole Polytechnique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France
| | - Sandrine Lacombe
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d’Orsay, Orsay, France
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30
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Tang M, Rich JN, Chen S. Biomaterials and 3D Bioprinting Strategies to Model Glioblastoma and the Blood-Brain Barrier. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2004776. [PMID: 33326131 PMCID: PMC7854518 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202004776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most prevalent and lethal adult primary central nervous system cancer. An immunosuppresive and highly heterogeneous tumor microenvironment, restricted delivery of chemotherapy or immunotherapy through the blood-brain barrier (BBB), together with the brain's unique biochemical and anatomical features result in its universal recurrence and poor prognosis. As conventional models fail to predict therapeutic efficacy in GBM, in vitro 3D models of GBM and BBB leveraging patient- or healthy-individual-derived cells and biomaterials through 3D bioprinting technologies potentially mimic essential physiological and pathological features of GBM and BBB. 3D-bioprinted constructs enable investigation of cellular and cell-extracellular matrix interactions in a species-matched, high-throughput, and reproducible manner, serving as screening or drug delivery platforms. Here, an overview of current 3D-bioprinted GBM and BBB models is provided, elaborating on the microenvironmental compositions of GBM and BBB, relevant biomaterials to mimic the native tissues, and bioprinting strategies to implement the model fabrication. Collectively, 3D-bioprinted GBM and BBB models are promising systems and biomimetic alternatives to traditional models for more reliable mechanistic studies and preclinical drug screenings that may eventually accelerate the drug development process for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Tang
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Jeremy N. Rich
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Shaochen Chen
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Materials Science and Engineering Program, Chemical Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
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31
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Gómez-Oliva R, Domínguez-García S, Carrascal L, Abalos-Martínez J, Pardillo-Díaz R, Verástegui C, Castro C, Nunez-Abades P, Geribaldi-Doldán N. Evolution of Experimental Models in the Study of Glioblastoma: Toward Finding Efficient Treatments. Front Oncol 2021; 10:614295. [PMID: 33585240 PMCID: PMC7878535 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.614295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common form of brain tumor characterized by its resistance to conventional therapies, including temozolomide, the most widely used chemotherapeutic agent in the treatment of GBM. Within the tumor, the presence of glioma stem cells (GSC) seems to be the reason for drug resistance. The discovery of GSC has boosted the search for new experimental models to study GBM, which allow the development of new GBM treatments targeting these cells. In here, we describe different strategies currently in use to study GBM. Initial GBM investigations were focused in the development of xenograft assays. Thereafter, techniques advanced to dissociate tumor cells into single-cell suspensions, which generate aggregates referred to as neurospheres, thus facilitating their selective expansion. Concomitantly, the finding of genes involved in the initiation and progression of GBM tumors, led to the generation of mice models for the GBM. The latest advances have been the use of GBM organoids or 3D-bioprinted mini-brains. 3D bio-printing mimics tissue cytoarchitecture by combining different types of cells interacting with each other and with extracellular matrix components. These in vivo models faithfully replicate human diseases in which the effect of new drugs can easily be tested. Based on recent data from human glioblastoma, this review critically evaluates the different experimental models used in the study of GB, including cell cultures, mouse models, brain organoids, and 3D bioprinting focusing in the advantages and disadvantages of each approach to understand the mechanisms involved in the progression and treatment response of this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Gómez-Oliva
- Área de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INIBICA), Cádiz, Spain
| | - Samuel Domínguez-García
- Área de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INIBICA), Cádiz, Spain
| | - Livia Carrascal
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INIBICA), Cádiz, Spain.,Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Ricardo Pardillo-Díaz
- Área de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INIBICA), Cádiz, Spain
| | - Cristina Verástegui
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INIBICA), Cádiz, Spain.,Departamento de Anatomía y Embriología Humanas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Carmen Castro
- Área de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INIBICA), Cádiz, Spain
| | - Pedro Nunez-Abades
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INIBICA), Cádiz, Spain.,Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Noelia Geribaldi-Doldán
- Departamento de Anatomía y Embriología Humanas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INIBICA), Cádiz, Spain
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32
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Klein E, Hau AC, Oudin A, Golebiewska A, Niclou SP. Glioblastoma Organoids: Pre-Clinical Applications and Challenges in the Context of Immunotherapy. Front Oncol 2020; 10:604121. [PMID: 33364198 PMCID: PMC7753120 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.604121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant brain tumors remain uniformly fatal, even with the best-to-date treatment. For Glioblastoma (GBM), the most severe form of brain cancer in adults, the median overall survival is roughly over a year. New therapeutic options are urgently needed, yet recent clinical trials in the field have been largely disappointing. This is partially due to inappropriate preclinical model systems, which do not reflect the complexity of patient tumors. Furthermore, clinically relevant patient-derived models recapitulating the immune compartment are lacking, which represents a bottleneck for adequate immunotherapy testing. Emerging 3D organoid cultures offer innovative possibilities for cancer modeling. Here, we review available GBM organoid models amenable to a large variety of pre-clinical applications including functional bioassays such as proliferation and invasion, drug screening, and the generation of patient-derived orthotopic xenografts (PDOX) for validation of biological responses in vivo. We emphasize advantages and technical challenges in establishing immunocompetent ex vivo models based on co-cultures of GBM organoids and human immune cells. The latter can be isolated either from the tumor or from patient or donor blood as peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). We also discuss the challenges to generate GBM PDOXs based on humanized mouse models to validate efficacy of immunotherapies in vivo. A detailed characterization of such models at the cellular and molecular level is needed to understand the potential and limitations for various immune activating strategies. Increasing the availability of immunocompetent GBM models will improve research on emerging immune therapeutic approaches against aggressive brain cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliane Klein
- NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Ann-Christin Hau
- NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Anaïs Oudin
- NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Anna Golebiewska
- NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Simone P. Niclou
- NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Nikolakopoulou P, Rauti R, Voulgaris D, Shlomy I, Maoz BM, Herland A. Recent progress in translational engineered in vitro models of the central nervous system. Brain 2020; 143:3181-3213. [PMID: 33020798 PMCID: PMC7719033 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The complexity of the human brain poses a substantial challenge for the development of models of the CNS. Current animal models lack many essential human characteristics (in addition to raising operational challenges and ethical concerns), and conventional in vitro models, in turn, are limited in their capacity to provide information regarding many functional and systemic responses. Indeed, these challenges may underlie the notoriously low success rates of CNS drug development efforts. During the past 5 years, there has been a leap in the complexity and functionality of in vitro systems of the CNS, which have the potential to overcome many of the limitations of traditional model systems. The availability of human-derived induced pluripotent stem cell technology has further increased the translational potential of these systems. Yet, the adoption of state-of-the-art in vitro platforms within the CNS research community is limited. This may be attributable to the high costs or the immaturity of the systems. Nevertheless, the costs of fabrication have decreased, and there are tremendous ongoing efforts to improve the quality of cell differentiation. Herein, we aim to raise awareness of the capabilities and accessibility of advanced in vitro CNS technologies. We provide an overview of some of the main recent developments (since 2015) in in vitro CNS models. In particular, we focus on engineered in vitro models based on cell culture systems combined with microfluidic platforms (e.g. 'organ-on-a-chip' systems). We delve into the fundamental principles underlying these systems and review several applications of these platforms for the study of the CNS in health and disease. Our discussion further addresses the challenges that hinder the implementation of advanced in vitro platforms in personalized medicine or in large-scale industrial settings, and outlines the existing differentiation protocols and industrial cell sources. We conclude by providing practical guidelines for laboratories that are considering adopting organ-on-a-chip technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polyxeni Nikolakopoulou
- AIMES, Center for the Advancement of Integrated Medical and Engineering Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rossana Rauti
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dimitrios Voulgaris
- Division of Micro and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Iftach Shlomy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ben M Maoz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Anna Herland
- AIMES, Center for the Advancement of Integrated Medical and Engineering Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Micro and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
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34
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Ingram SP, Henthorn NT, Warmenhoven JW, Kirkby NF, Mackay RI, Kirkby KJ, Merchant MJ. Hi-C implementation of genome structure for in silico models of radiation-induced DNA damage. PLoS Comput Biol 2020; 16:e1008476. [PMID: 33326415 PMCID: PMC7773326 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Developments in the genome organisation field has resulted in the recent methodology to infer spatial conformations of the genome directly from experimentally measured genome contacts (Hi-C data). This provides a detailed description of both intra- and inter-chromosomal arrangements. Chromosomal intermingling is an important driver for radiation-induced DNA mis-repair. Which is a key biological endpoint of relevance to the fields of cancer therapy (radiotherapy), public health (biodosimetry) and space travel. For the first time, we leverage these methods of inferring genome organisation and couple them to nano-dosimetric radiation track structure modelling to predict quantities and distribution of DNA damage within cell-type specific geometries. These nano-dosimetric simulations are highly dependent on geometry and are benefited from the inclusion of experimentally driven chromosome conformations. We show how the changes in Hi-C contract maps impact the inferred geometries resulting in significant differences in chromosomal intermingling. We demonstrate how these differences propagate through to significant changes in the distribution of DNA damage throughout the cell nucleus, suggesting implications for DNA repair fidelity and subsequent cell fate. We suggest that differences in the geometric clustering for the chromosomes between the cell-types are a plausible factor leading to changes in cellular radiosensitivity. Furthermore, we investigate changes in cell shape, such as flattening, and show that this greatly impacts the distribution of DNA damage. This should be considered when comparing in vitro results to in vivo systems. The effect may be especially important when attempting to translate radiosensitivity measurements at the experimental in vitro level to the patient or human level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel P. Ingram
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, United Kingdom
- Christie Medical Physics and Engineering, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas T. Henthorn
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, United Kingdom
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - John W. Warmenhoven
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, United Kingdom
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Norman F. Kirkby
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, United Kingdom
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ranald I. Mackay
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, United Kingdom
- Christie Medical Physics and Engineering, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Karen J. Kirkby
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, United Kingdom
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J. Merchant
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, United Kingdom
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
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35
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Kartini DA, Sokol O, Wiedemann J, Tinganelli W, Witt M, Camazzola G, Krämer M, Talabnin C, Kobdaj C, Fuss MC. Validation of a pseudo-3D phantom for radiobiological treatment plan verifications. Phys Med Biol 2020; 65:225039. [PMID: 32937608 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/abb92d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Performing realistic and reliable in vitro biological dose verification with good resolution for a complex treatment plan remains a challenge in particle beam therapy. Here, a new 3D bio-phantom consisting of 96-well plates containing cells embedded into Matrigel matrix was investigated as an alternative tool for biological dose verification. Feasibility tests include cell growth in the Matrigel as well as film dosimetric experiments that rule out the appearance of field inhomogeneities due to the presence of the well plate irregular structure. The response of CHO-K1 cells in Matrigel to radiation was studied by obtaining survival curves following x-ray and monoenergetic 12C ion irradiation, which showed increased radioresistance of 3D cell cultures in Matrigel as compared to a monolayer. Finally, as a proof of concept, a 12C treatment plan was optimized using in-house treatment planning system TRiP98 for uniform cell survival in a rectangular volume and employed to irradiate the 3D phantom. Cell survival distribution in the Matrigel-based phantom was analyzed and compared to cell survival in a reference setup using cell monolayers. Results of both methods were in good agreement and followed the TRiP98 calculation. Therefore, we conclude that this 3D bio-phantom can be a suitable, accurate alternative tool for verifying the biological effect calculated by treatment planning systems, which could be applied to test novel treatment planning approaches involving multiple fields, multiple ion modalities, complex geometries, or unconventional optimization strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Kartini
- School of Physics, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue, Muang, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand. Thailand Center of Excellence in Physics, Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation, 328 Si Ayutthaya Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstrasse 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
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36
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Consales C, Butera A, Merla C, Pasquali E, Lopresto V, Pinto R, Pierdomenico M, Mancuso M, Marino C, Benassi B. Exposure of the SH-SY5Y Human Neuroblastoma Cells to 50-Hz Magnetic Field: Comparison Between Two-Dimensional (2D) and Three-Dimensional (3D) In Vitro Cultures. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 58:1634-1649. [PMID: 33230715 PMCID: PMC7932966 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02192-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We here characterize the response to the extremely low-frequency (ELF) magnetic field (MF, 50 Hz, 1 mT) of SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells, cultured in a three-dimensional (3D) Alvetex® scaffold compared to conventional two-dimensional (2D) monolayers. We proved that the growing phenotype of proliferating SH-SY5Y cells is not affected by the culturing conditions, as morphology, cell cycle distribution, proliferation/differentiation gene expression of 3D-cultures overlap what reported in 2D plates. In response to 72-h exposure to 50-Hz MF, we demonstrated that no proliferation change and apoptosis activation occur in both 2D and 3D cultures. Consistently, no modulation of Ki67, MYCN, CCDN1, and Nestin, of invasiveness and neo-angiogenesis-controlling genes (HIF-1α, VEGF, and PDGF) and of microRNA epigenetic signature (miR-21-5p, miR-222-3p and miR-133b) is driven by ELF exposure. Conversely, intracellular glutathione content and SOD1 expression are exclusively impaired in 3D-culture cells in response to the MF, whereas no change of such redox modulators is observed in SH-SY5Y cells if grown on 2D monolayers. Moreover, ELF-MF synergizes with the differentiating agents to stimulate neuroblastoma differentiation into a dopaminergic (DA) phenotype in the 3D-scaffold culture only, as growth arrest and induction of p21, TH, DAT, and GAP43 are reported in ELF-exposed SH-SY5Y cells exclusively if grown on 3D scaffolds. As overall, our findings prove that 3D culture is a more reliable experimental model for studying SH-SY5Y response to ELF-MF if compared to 2D conventional monolayer, and put the bases for promoting 3D systems in future studies addressing the interaction between electromagnetic fields and biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Consales
- Division of Health Protection Technologies, ENEA-Casaccia Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessio Butera
- Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina Merla
- Division of Health Protection Technologies, ENEA-Casaccia Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuela Pasquali
- Division of Health Protection Technologies, ENEA-Casaccia Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123, Rome, Italy
| | - Vanni Lopresto
- Division of Health Protection Technologies, ENEA-Casaccia Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosanna Pinto
- Division of Health Protection Technologies, ENEA-Casaccia Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Pierdomenico
- Division of Health Protection Technologies, ENEA-Casaccia Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123, Rome, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Mancuso
- Division of Health Protection Technologies, ENEA-Casaccia Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123, Rome, Italy
| | - Carmela Marino
- Division of Health Protection Technologies, ENEA-Casaccia Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123, Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Benassi
- Division of Health Protection Technologies, ENEA-Casaccia Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123, Rome, Italy.
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37
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Lovett ML, Nieland TJ, Dingle YTL, Kaplan DL. Innovations in 3-Dimensional Tissue Models of Human Brain Physiology and Diseases. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2020; 30:1909146. [PMID: 34211358 PMCID: PMC8240470 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201909146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
3-dimensional (3D) laboratory tissue cultures have emerged as an alternative to traditional 2-dimensional (2D) culture systems that do not recapitulate native cell behavior. The discrepancy between in vivo and in vitro tissue-cell-molecular responses impedes understanding of human physiology in general and creates roadblocks for the discovery of therapeutic solutions. Two parallel approaches have emerged for the design of 3D culture systems. The first is biomedical engineering methodology, including bioengineered materials, bioprinting, microfluidics and bioreactors, used alone or in combination, to mimic the microenvironments of native tissues. The second approach is organoid technology, in which stem cells are exposed to chemical and/or biological cues to activate differentiation programs that are reminiscent of human (prenatal) development. This review article describes recent technological advances in engineering 3D cultures that more closely resemble the human brain. The contributions of in vitro 3D tissue culture systems to new insights in neurophysiology, neurological diseases and regenerative medicine are highlighted. Perspectives on designing improved tissue models of the human brain are offered, focusing on an integrative approach merging biomedical engineering tools with organoid biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L. Lovett
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA 02155
| | - Thomas J.F. Nieland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA 02155
| | - Yu-Ting L. Dingle
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA 02155
| | - David L. Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA 02155
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38
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Ruiz-Garcia H, Alvarado-Estrada K, Schiapparelli P, Quinones-Hinojosa A, Trifiletti DM. Engineering Three-Dimensional Tumor Models to Study Glioma Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Microenvironment. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:558381. [PMID: 33177991 PMCID: PMC7596188 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.558381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and devastating primary brain tumor, leading to a uniform fatality after diagnosis. A major difficulty in eradicating GBM is the presence of microscopic residual infiltrating disease remaining after multimodality treatment. Glioma cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been pinpointed as the treatment-resistant tumor component that seeds ultimate tumor progression. Despite the key role of CSCs, the ideal preclinical model to study the genetic and epigenetic landmarks driving their malignant behavior while simulating an accurate interaction with the tumor microenvironment (TME) is still missing. The introduction of three-dimensional (3D) tumor platforms, such as organoids and 3D bioprinting, has allowed for a better representation of the pathophysiologic interactions between glioma CSCs and the TME. Thus, these technologies have enabled a more detailed study of glioma biology, tumor angiogenesis, treatment resistance, and even performing high-throughput screening assays of drug susceptibility. First, we will review the foundation of glioma biology and biomechanics of the TME, and then the most up-to-date insights about the applicability of these new tools in malignant glioma research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Ruiz-Garcia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | | | - Paula Schiapparelli
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | | | - Daniel M Trifiletti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
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39
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Aggarwal V, Miranda O, Johnston PA, Sant S. Three dimensional engineered models to study hypoxia biology in breast cancer. Cancer Lett 2020; 490:124-142. [PMID: 32569616 PMCID: PMC7442747 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the second leading cause of mortality among women worldwide. Despite the available therapeutic regimes, variable treatment response is reported among different breast cancer subtypes. Recently, the effects of the tumor microenvironment on tumor progression as well as treatment responses have been widely recognized. Hypoxia and hypoxia inducible factors in the tumor microenvironment have long been known as major players in tumor progression and survival. However, the majority of our understanding of hypoxia biology has been derived from two dimensional (2D) models. Although many hypoxia-targeted therapies have elicited promising results in vitro and in vivo, these results have not been successfully translated into clinical trials. These limitations of 2D models underscore the need to develop and integrate three dimensional (3D) models that recapitulate the complex tumor-stroma interactions in vivo. This review summarizes role of hypoxia in various hallmarks of cancer progression. We then compare traditional 2D experimental systems with novel 3D tissue-engineered models giving accounts of different bioengineering platforms available to develop 3D models and how these 3D models are being exploited to understand the role of hypoxia in breast cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishali Aggarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Oshin Miranda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Paul A Johnston
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA; UPMC-Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Shilpa Sant
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA; UPMC-Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
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40
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Pustchi SE, Avci NG, Akay YM, Akay M. Astrocytes Decreased the Sensitivity of Glioblastoma Cells to Temozolomide and Bay 11-7082. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7154. [PMID: 32998285 PMCID: PMC7583902 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common malignant type of astrocytic tumors. GBM patients have a poor prognosis with a median survival of approximately 15 months despite the "Stupp" Regimen and high tumor recurrence due to the tumor resistance to chemotherapy. In this study, we co-cultured GBM cells with human astrocytes in three-dimensional (3D) poly(ethylene glycol) dimethyl acrylate (PEGDA) microwells to mimic the tumor microenvironment. We treated 3D co- and mono-cultured cells with Temozolomide (TMZ) and the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) inhibitor Bay 11-7082 and investigated the combined effect of the drugs. We assessed the expressions of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and vimentin that play a role in the tumor malignancy and activation of the astrocytes as well as Notch-1 and survivin that play a role in GBM malignancy after the drug treatment to understand how astrocytes induced GBM drug response. Our results showed that in the co-culture, astrocytes increased GBM survival and resistance after combined drug treatment compared to mono-cultures. These data restated the importance of 3D cell culture to mimic the tumor microenvironment for drug screening.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating/pharmacology
- Astrocytes/cytology
- Astrocytes/drug effects
- Astrocytes/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Cell Survival/genetics
- Coculture Techniques/methods
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein/genetics
- Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein/metabolism
- Humans
- Models, Biological
- Neuroglia/drug effects
- Neuroglia/metabolism
- Neuroglia/pathology
- Nitriles/pharmacology
- Primary Cell Culture
- Receptor, Notch1/genetics
- Receptor, Notch1/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Spheroids, Cellular/drug effects
- Spheroids, Cellular/metabolism
- Spheroids, Cellular/pathology
- Sulfones/pharmacology
- Survivin/genetics
- Survivin/metabolism
- Temozolomide/pharmacology
- Tumor Microenvironment/drug effects
- Tumor Microenvironment/genetics
- Vimentin/genetics
- Vimentin/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Metin Akay
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA; (S.E.P.); (N.G.A.); (Y.M.A.)
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41
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Koessinger AL, Koessinger D, Stevenson K, Cloix C, Mitchell L, Nixon C, Gomez-Roman N, Chalmers AJ, Norman JC, Tait SWG. Quantitative in vivo bioluminescence imaging of orthotopic patient-derived glioblastoma xenografts. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15361. [PMID: 32958777 PMCID: PMC7506024 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72322-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive research, little progress has been made in glioblastoma therapy, owing in part to a lack of adequate preclinical in vivo models to study this disease. To mitigate this, primary patient-derived cell lines, which maintain their specific stem-like phenotypes, have replaced established glioblastoma cell lines. However, due to heterogenous tumour growth inherent in glioblastoma, the use of primary cells for orthotopic in vivo studies often requires large experimental group sizes. Therefore, when using intracranial patient-derived xenograft (PDX) approaches, it is advantageous to deploy imaging techniques to monitor tumour growth and allow stratification of mice. Here we show that stable expression of near-infrared fluorescent protein (iRFP) in patient-derived glioblastoma cells enables rapid, direct non-invasive monitoring of tumour development without compromising tumour stemness or tumorigenicity. Moreover, as this approach does not depend on the use of agents like luciferin, which can cause variability due to changing bioavailability, it can be used for quantitative longitudinal monitoring of tumour growth. Notably, we show that this technique also allows quantitative assessment of tumour burden in highly invasive models spreading throughout the brain. Thus, iRFP transduction of primary patient-derived glioblastoma cells is a reliable, cost- and time-effective way to monitor heterogenous orthotopic PDX growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna L Koessinger
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Dominik Koessinger
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Katrina Stevenson
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Catherine Cloix
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Louise Mitchell
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Colin Nixon
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Natividad Gomez-Roman
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Anthony J Chalmers
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Jim C Norman
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK.
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK.
| | - Stephen W G Tait
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK.
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK.
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42
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Chen Q, Wang Y. The application of three-dimensional cell culture in clinical medicine. Biotechnol Lett 2020; 42:2071-2082. [PMID: 32935182 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-020-03003-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional cell culture technology is a novel cell culture technology, which can simulate the growth state of cells in vivo by scaffolds or special devices. Cells can form tissues or organs in vitro. It combines some advantages of traditional cell experiments and animal model experiments. Because of its advantages, it is widely used in clinical medical research, including research on stem cell differentiation, research on cell behavior, migration and invasion, study on microenvironment, study on drug sensitivity and radio-sensitivity of tumor cells, etc. In this paper, the evolution and classification of three-dimensional cell culture are reviewed, also the advantages and shortages are compared. The application of three-dimensional cell culture in clinical medicine are summarized to provide an insight into translational medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Chen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Shuaifuyuan No 1, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Youbin Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Shuaifuyuan No 1, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China.
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43
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Xia H, Avci NG, Akay Y, Esquenazi Y, Schmitt LH, Tandon N, Zhu JJ, Akay M. Temozolomide in Combination With NF-κB Inhibitor Significantly Disrupts the Glioblastoma Multiforme Spheroid Formation. IEEE OPEN JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1:9-16. [PMID: 35402955 PMCID: PMC8983150 DOI: 10.1109/ojemb.2019.2962801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common malignant primary brain tumor, accounting for 50% of all cases. GBM patients have a five-year survival rate of merely 5.6% and a median overall survival of 14.6 months with the "Stupp" regimen, 20.9 months with tumor treatment fields (TTF, OptuneR) in patients who participated in clinical trials, and 11 months for all GBM patients prior to TTF use. Objective: Our group recently developed a brain cancer chip which generates tumor spheroids, and provides large-scale assessments on the response of tumor cells to various concentrations and combinations of drugs. This platform could optimize the use of tumor samples derived from GBM patients to provide valuable insight on the tumor growth and responses to drug therapies. To minimize any sample loss in vitro, we improved our brain cancer chip system by adding an additional laminar flow distribution layer, which reduces sample loss during cell seeding and prevents spheroids from escaping from the microwells. Methods: In this study, we cultured 3D spheroids from GBM cell lines and patient-derived GBM cells in vitro, and investigated the effect of the combination of Temozolomide and nuclear factor-κB inhibitor on tumor growth. Results: Our study revealed that these drugs have synergistic effects in inhibiting spheroid formation when used in combination. Conclusions: These results suggest that the brain cancer chip enables large-scale, inexpensive and sample-effective drug screening to 3D cancer tumors in vitro, and could be applied to related tissue engineering drug screening studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xia
- Biomedical Engineering DepartmentUniversity of HoustonHoustonTX77204USA
| | - Naze G. Avci
- Biomedical Engineering DepartmentUniversity of HoustonHoustonTX77204USA
| | - Yasemin Akay
- Biomedical Engineering DepartmentUniversity of HoustonHoustonTX77204USA
| | - Yoshua Esquenazi
- Mischer Neuroscience Associates and the Vivian L. Smith Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity of Texas Health Science Center in Houston, UTHealth and Memorial HermannHoustonTX77030USA
| | - Lisa H. Schmitt
- Mischer Neuroscience Associates and the Vivian L. Smith Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity of Texas Health Science Center in Houston, UTHealth and Memorial HermannHoustonTX77030USA
| | - Nitin Tandon
- Mischer Neuroscience Associates and the Vivian L. Smith Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity of Texas Health Science Center in Houston, UTHealth and Memorial HermannHoustonTX77030USA
| | - Jay-Jiguang Zhu
- Mischer Neuroscience Associates and the Vivian L. Smith Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity of Texas Health Science Center in Houston, UTHealth and Memorial HermannHoustonTX77030USA
| | - Metin Akay
- Biomedical Engineering DepartmentUniversity of HoustonHoustonTX77204USA
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Chaicharoenaudomrung N, Kunhorm P, Noisa P. Three-dimensional cell culture systems as an in vitro platform for cancer and stem cell modeling. World J Stem Cells 2019; 11:1065-1083. [PMID: 31875869 PMCID: PMC6904866 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v11.i12.1065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) culture systems are becoming increasingly popular due to their ability to mimic tissue-like structures more effectively than the monolayer cultures. In cancer and stem cell research, the natural cell characteristics and architectures are closely mimicked by the 3D cell models. Thus, the 3D cell cultures are promising and suitable systems for various proposes, ranging from disease modeling to drug target identification as well as potential therapeutic substances that may transform our lives. This review provides a comprehensive compendium of recent advancements in culturing cells, in particular cancer and stem cells, using 3D culture techniques. The major approaches highlighted here include cell spheroids, hydrogel embedding, bioreactors, scaffolds, and bioprinting. In addition, the progress of employing 3D cell culture systems as a platform for cancer and stem cell research was addressed, and the prominent studies of 3D cell culture systems were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nipha Chaicharoenaudomrung
- Laboratory of Cell-Based Assays and Innovations, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Phongsakorn Kunhorm
- Laboratory of Cell-Based Assays and Innovations, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Parinya Noisa
- Laboratory of Cell-Based Assays and Innovations, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
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45
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Venkatesh VS, Lou E. Tunneling nanotubes: A bridge for heterogeneity in glioblastoma and a new therapeutic target? Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2019; 2:e1185. [PMID: 32729189 PMCID: PMC7941610 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The concept of tumour heterogeneity is not novel but is fast becoming a paradigm by which to explain part of the highly recalcitrant nature of aggressive malignant tumours. Glioblastoma is a prime example of such difficult-to-treat, invasive, and incurable malignancies. With the advent of the post-genomic age and increased access to next-generation sequencing technologies, numerous publications have described the presence and extent of intratumoural and intertumoural heterogeneity present in glioblastoma. Moreover, there have been numerous reports more directly correlating the heterogeneity of glioblastoma to its refractory, reoccurring, and inevitably terminal nature. It is therefore prudent to consider the different forms of heterogeneity seen in glioblastoma and how to harness this understanding to better strategize novel therapeutic approaches. One of the most central questions of tumour heterogeneity is how these numerous different cell types (both tumour and non-tumour) in the tumour mass communicate. RECENT FINDINGS This chapter provides a brief review on the variable heterogeneity of glioblastoma, with a focus on cellular heterogeneity and on modalities of communication that can induce further molecular diversity within the complex and ever-evolving tumour microenvironment. We provide particular emphasis on the emerging role of actin-based cellular conduits called tunnelling nanotubes (TNTs) and tumour microtubes (TMs) and outline the perceived current problems in the field that need to be resolved before pharmacological targeting of TNTs can become a reality. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that TNTs and TMs provide a new and exciting avenue for the therapeutic targeting of glioblastoma and that numerous inroads have already made into TNT and TM biology. However, to target TMs and TNTs, several advances must be made before this aim can become a reality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emil Lou
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and TransplantationUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesota
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46
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Blandin AF, Durand A, Litzler M, Tripp A, Guérin É, Ruhland E, Obrecht A, Keime C, Fuchs Q, Reita D, Lhermitte B, Coca A, Jones C, Lelong Rebel I, Villa P, Namer IJ, Dontenwill M, Guenot D, Entz-Werle N. Hypoxic Environment and Paired Hierarchical 3D and 2D Models of Pediatric H3.3-Mutated Gliomas Recreate the Patient Tumor Complexity. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1875. [PMID: 31779235 PMCID: PMC6966513 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11121875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pediatric high-grade gliomas (pHGGs) are facing a very dismal prognosis and representative pre-clinical models are needed for new treatment strategies. Here, we examined the relevance of collecting functional, genomic, and metabolomics data to validate patient-derived models in a hypoxic microenvironment. METHODS From our biobank of pediatric brain tumor-derived models, we selected 11 pHGGs driven by the histone H3.3K28M mutation. We compared the features of four patient tumors to their paired cell lines and mouse xenografts using NGS (next generation sequencing), aCGH (array comparative genomic hybridization), RNA sequencing, WES (whole exome sequencing), immunocytochemistry, and HRMAS (high resolution magic angle spinning) spectroscopy. We developed a multicellular in vitro model of cell migration to mimic the brain hypoxic microenvironment. The live cell technology Incucyte© was used to assess drug responsiveness in variable oxygen conditions. RESULTS The concurrent 2D and 3D cultures generated from the same tumor sample exhibited divergent but complementary features, recreating the patient intra-tumor complexity. Genomic and metabolomic data described the metabolic changes during pHGG progression and supported hypoxia as an important key to preserve the tumor metabolism in vitro and cell dissemination present in patients. The neurosphere features preserved tumor development and sensitivity to treatment. CONCLUSION We proposed a novel multistep work for the development and validation of patient-derived models, considering the immature and differentiated content and the tumor microenvironment of pHGGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Florence Blandin
- Laboratory EA3430. Progression tumorale et microenvironnement, Approches Translationnelles et Epidémiologie, University of Strasbourg, 3 avenue Molière, 67000 Strasbourg, France; (A.D.); (M.L.); (A.T.); (E.G.); (D.R.)
| | - Aurélie Durand
- Laboratory EA3430. Progression tumorale et microenvironnement, Approches Translationnelles et Epidémiologie, University of Strasbourg, 3 avenue Molière, 67000 Strasbourg, France; (A.D.); (M.L.); (A.T.); (E.G.); (D.R.)
| | - Marie Litzler
- Laboratory EA3430. Progression tumorale et microenvironnement, Approches Translationnelles et Epidémiologie, University of Strasbourg, 3 avenue Molière, 67000 Strasbourg, France; (A.D.); (M.L.); (A.T.); (E.G.); (D.R.)
| | - Aurélien Tripp
- Laboratory EA3430. Progression tumorale et microenvironnement, Approches Translationnelles et Epidémiologie, University of Strasbourg, 3 avenue Molière, 67000 Strasbourg, France; (A.D.); (M.L.); (A.T.); (E.G.); (D.R.)
| | - Éric Guérin
- Laboratory EA3430. Progression tumorale et microenvironnement, Approches Translationnelles et Epidémiologie, University of Strasbourg, 3 avenue Molière, 67000 Strasbourg, France; (A.D.); (M.L.); (A.T.); (E.G.); (D.R.)
| | - Elisa Ruhland
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Strasbourg, 1 avenue Molière, 67098 Strasbourg, France;
| | - Adeline Obrecht
- PCBIS Plate-forme de chimie biologique intégrative de Strasbourg, UMS 3286, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Labex Medalis, 300 boulevard Sebastien Brant, F-67000 Strasbourg, France; (A.O.); (P.V.); (I.J.N.)
| | - Céline Keime
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS UMR 7104, Inserm U964, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67400 Illkirch, France;
| | - Quentin Fuchs
- UMR CNRS 7021, Laboratory Bioimaging and Pathologies, Tumoral Signaling and Therapeutic Targets, Faculty of Pharmacy, 74 route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch, France; (Q.F.); (B.L.); (I.L.R.); (M.D.)
| | - Damien Reita
- Laboratory EA3430. Progression tumorale et microenvironnement, Approches Translationnelles et Epidémiologie, University of Strasbourg, 3 avenue Molière, 67000 Strasbourg, France; (A.D.); (M.L.); (A.T.); (E.G.); (D.R.)
- UMR CNRS 7021, Laboratory Bioimaging and Pathologies, Tumoral Signaling and Therapeutic Targets, Faculty of Pharmacy, 74 route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch, France; (Q.F.); (B.L.); (I.L.R.); (M.D.)
| | - Benoit Lhermitte
- UMR CNRS 7021, Laboratory Bioimaging and Pathologies, Tumoral Signaling and Therapeutic Targets, Faculty of Pharmacy, 74 route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch, France; (Q.F.); (B.L.); (I.L.R.); (M.D.)
- Pathology Department, University Hospital of Strasbourg, 1 avenue Molière, 67098 Strasbourg, France
- Centre de Ressources Biologiques, CRB, University Hospital of Strasbourg, 1 avenue Molière, 67098 Strasbourg, France
| | - Andres Coca
- Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Strasbourg, 1 avenue Molière, 67098 Strasbourg, France;
| | - Chris Jones
- The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey SW7 3RP, UK;
| | - Isabelle Lelong Rebel
- UMR CNRS 7021, Laboratory Bioimaging and Pathologies, Tumoral Signaling and Therapeutic Targets, Faculty of Pharmacy, 74 route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch, France; (Q.F.); (B.L.); (I.L.R.); (M.D.)
| | - Pascal Villa
- PCBIS Plate-forme de chimie biologique intégrative de Strasbourg, UMS 3286, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Labex Medalis, 300 boulevard Sebastien Brant, F-67000 Strasbourg, France; (A.O.); (P.V.); (I.J.N.)
| | - Izzie Jacques Namer
- PCBIS Plate-forme de chimie biologique intégrative de Strasbourg, UMS 3286, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Labex Medalis, 300 boulevard Sebastien Brant, F-67000 Strasbourg, France; (A.O.); (P.V.); (I.J.N.)
| | - Monique Dontenwill
- UMR CNRS 7021, Laboratory Bioimaging and Pathologies, Tumoral Signaling and Therapeutic Targets, Faculty of Pharmacy, 74 route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch, France; (Q.F.); (B.L.); (I.L.R.); (M.D.)
| | - Dominique Guenot
- Laboratory EA3430. Progression tumorale et microenvironnement, Approches Translationnelles et Epidémiologie, University of Strasbourg, 3 avenue Molière, 67000 Strasbourg, France; (A.D.); (M.L.); (A.T.); (E.G.); (D.R.)
| | - Natacha Entz-Werle
- UMR CNRS 7021, Laboratory Bioimaging and Pathologies, Tumoral Signaling and Therapeutic Targets, Faculty of Pharmacy, 74 route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch, France; (Q.F.); (B.L.); (I.L.R.); (M.D.)
- Pediatric Onco-Hematology Department, Pediatrics, University hospital of Strasbourg, 1 avenue Molière, 67098 Strasbourg, France
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Saleh A, Marhuenda E, Fabre C, Hassani Z, Weille JD, Boukhaddaoui H, Guelfi S, Maldonado IL, Hugnot JP, Duffau H, Bauchet L, Cornu D, Bakalara N. A novel 3D nanofibre scaffold conserves the plasticity of glioblastoma stem cell invasion by regulating galectin-3 and integrin-β1 expression. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14612. [PMID: 31601895 PMCID: PMC6787018 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51108-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) invasiveness renders complete surgical resection impossible and highly invasive Glioblastoma Initiating Cells (GICs) are responsible for tumour recurrence. Their dissemination occurs along pre-existing fibrillary brain structures comprising the aligned myelinated fibres of the corpus callosum (CC) and the laminin (LN)-rich basal lamina of blood vessels. The extracellular matrix (ECM) of these environments regulates GIC migration, but the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. In order to recapitulate the composition and the topographic properties of the cerebral ECM in the migration of GICs, we have set up a new aligned polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-derived nanofiber (NF) scaffold. This system is suitable for drug screening as well as discrimination of the migration potential of different glioblastoma stem cells. Functionalisation with LN increases the spatial anisotropy of migration and modulates its mode from collective to single cell migration. Mechanistically, equally similar to what has been observed for mesenchymal migration of GBM in vivo, is the upregulation of galectin-3 and integrin-β1 in Gli4 cells migrating on our NF scaffold. Downregulation of Calpain-2 in GICs migrating in vivo along the CC and in vitro on LN-coated NF underlines a difference in the turnover of focal adhesion (FA) molecules between single-cell and collective types of migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Saleh
- Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, INM, U-1051, Univ. Montpellier, CHU de Montpellier, ENSCM, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Emilie Marhuenda
- Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, INM, U-1051, Univ. Montpellier, CHU de Montpellier, ENSCM, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Christine Fabre
- Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, INM, U-1051, Univ. Montpellier, CHU de Montpellier, ENSCM, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Zahra Hassani
- Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, INM, U-1051, Univ. Montpellier, CHU de Montpellier, ENSCM, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Jan de Weille
- Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, INM, U-1051, Univ. Montpellier, CHU de Montpellier, ENSCM, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Hassan Boukhaddaoui
- Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, INM, U-1051, Univ. Montpellier, CHU de Montpellier, ENSCM, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Sophie Guelfi
- Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, INM, U-1051, Univ. Montpellier, CHU de Montpellier, ENSCM, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Igor Lima Maldonado
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Univ. Tours, Inserm, Tours, CHRU de Tours, Le Studium Loire Valley Institute for Advanced Studies, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean- Philippe Hugnot
- Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, INM, U-1051, Univ. Montpellier, CHU de Montpellier, ENSCM, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Hugues Duffau
- Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, INM, U-1051, Univ. Montpellier, CHU de Montpellier, ENSCM, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Luc Bauchet
- Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, INM, U-1051, Univ. Montpellier, CHU de Montpellier, ENSCM, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - David Cornu
- Institut Européen des Membranes, IEM, UMR-5635, Univ. Montpellier, ENSCM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Norbert Bakalara
- Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, INM, U-1051, Univ. Montpellier, CHU de Montpellier, ENSCM, INSERM, Montpellier, France.
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Kolter M, Wittmann M, Köll-Weber M, Süss R. The suitability of liposomes for the delivery of hydrophobic drugs – A case study with curcumin. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2019; 140:20-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2019.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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49
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A novel ex vivo tumor system identifies Src-mediated invasion and metastasis in mesenchymal tumor cells in non-small cell lung cancer. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4819. [PMID: 30894630 PMCID: PMC6427036 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41301-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the foremost cause of cancer related deaths in the U.S. It is a heterogeneous disease composed of genetically and phenotypically distinct tumor cells surrounded by heterotypic cells and extracellular matrix dynamically interacting with the tumor cells. Research in lung cancer is often restricted to patient-derived tumor specimens, in vitro cell cultures and limited animal models, which fail to capture the cellular or microenvironment heterogeneity of the tumor. Therefore, our knowledge is primarily focused on cancer-cell autonomous aberrations. For a fundamental understanding of lung cancer progression and an exploration of therapeutic options, we focused our efforts to develop an Ex Vivo Tumor platform to culture tumors in 3D matrices, which retains tumor cell heterogeneity arising due to in vivo selection pressure and environmental influences and recapitulate responses of tumor cells to external manipulations. To establish this model, implanted syngeneic murine tumors from a mutant KRAS/p53 model were harvested to yield multicellular tumor aggregates followed by culture in 3D extracellular matrices. Using this system, we identified Src signaling as an important driver of invasion and metastasis in lung cancer and demonstrate that EVTs are a robust experimental tool bridging the gap between conventional in vitro and in vivo models.
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Matossian MD, Burks HE, Elliott S, Hoang VT, Bowles AC, Sabol RA, Wahba B, Anbalagan M, Rowan B, Abazeed ME, Bunnell BA, Moroz K, Miele L, Rhodes LV, Jones SD, Martin EC, Collins-Burow BM, Burow ME. Drug resistance profiling of a new triple negative breast cancer patient-derived xenograft model. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:205. [PMID: 30845999 PMCID: PMC6407287 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5401-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) represents an aggressive subtype with limited therapeutic options. Experimental preclinical models that recapitulate their tumors of origin can accelerate target identification, thereby potentially improving therapeutic efficacy. Patient-derived xenografts (PDXs), due to their genomic and transcriptomic fidelity to the tumors from which they are derived, are poised to improve the preclinical testing of drug-target combinations in translational models. Despite the previous development of breast and TNBC PDX models, those derived from patients with demonstrated health-disparities are lacking. Methods We use an aggressive TNBC PDX model propagated in SCID/Beige mice that was established from an African-American woman, TU-BcX-2 K1, and assess its metastatic potential and drug sensitivities under distinct in vitro conditions. Cellular derivatives of the primary tumor or the PDX were grown in 2D culture conditions or grown in mammospheres 3D culture. Flow cytometry and fluorescence staining was used to quantify cancer stem cell-like populations. qRT-PCR was used to describe the mesenchymal gene signature of the tumor. The sensitivity of TU-BcX-2 K1-derived cells to anti-neoplastic oncology drugs was compared in adherent cells and mammospheres. Drug response was evaluated using a live/dead staining kit and crystal violet staining. Results TU-BcX-2 K1 has a low propensity for metastasis, reflects a mesenchymal state, and contains a large burden of cancer stem cells. We show that TU-BcX-2 K1 cells have differential responses to cytotoxic and targeted therapies in 2D compared to 3D culture conditions insofar as several drug classes conferred sensitivity in 2D but not in 3D culture, or cells grown as mammospheres. Conclusions Here we introduce a new TNBC PDX model and demonstrate the differences in evaluating drug sensitivity in adherent cells compared to mammosphere, or suspension, culture. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-019-5401-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarite D Matossian
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Hope E Burks
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Steven Elliott
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Van T Hoang
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Annie C Bowles
- Tulane Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Rachel A Sabol
- Tulane Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Bahia Wahba
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | - Brian Rowan
- Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Mohamed E Abazeed
- Cleveland Clinic, Department of Radiation Oncology, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Bruce A Bunnell
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Tulane Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Krzysztof Moroz
- Department of Pathology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Louisiana Cancer Research Center, Biospecimen Core, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Lucio Miele
- Department of Genetics and Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Lyndsay V Rhodes
- Department of Biology, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, FL, USA
| | - Steven D Jones
- Tulane Cancer Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Elizabeth C Martin
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Bridgette M Collins-Burow
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Tulane Cancer Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Matthew E Burow
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA. .,Tulane Cancer Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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