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Ene CI, Abi Faraj C, Beckham TH, Weinberg JS, Andersen CR, Haider AS, Rao G, Ferguson SD, Alvarez-Brenkenridge CA, Kim BYS, Heimberger AB, McCutcheon IE, Prabhu SS, Wang CM, Ghia AJ, McGovern SL, Chung C, McAleer MF, Tom MC, Perni S, Swanson TA, Yeboa DN, Briere TM, Huse JT, Fuller GN, Lang FF, Li J, Suki D, Sawaya RE. Response of treatment-naive brain metastases to stereotactic radiosurgery. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3728. [PMID: 38697991 PMCID: PMC11066027 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47998-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
With improvements in survival for patients with metastatic cancer, long-term local control of brain metastases has become an increasingly important clinical priority. While consensus guidelines recommend surgery followed by stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for lesions >3 cm, smaller lesions (≤3 cm) treated with SRS alone elicit variable responses. To determine factors influencing this variable response to SRS, we analyzed outcomes of brain metastases ≤3 cm diameter in patients with no prior systemic therapy treated with frame-based single-fraction SRS. Following SRS, 259 out of 1733 (15%) treated lesions demonstrated MRI findings concerning for local treatment failure (LTF), of which 202 /1733 (12%) demonstrated LTF and 54/1733 (3%) had an adverse radiation effect. Multivariate analysis demonstrated tumor size (>1.5 cm) and melanoma histology were associated with higher LTF rates. Our results demonstrate that brain metastases ≤3 cm are not uniformly responsive to SRS and suggest that prospective studies to evaluate the effect of SRS alone or in combination with surgery on brain metastases ≤3 cm matched by tumor size and histology are warranted. These studies will help establish multi-disciplinary treatment guidelines that improve local control while minimizing radiation necrosis during treatment of brain metastasis ≤3 cm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chibawanye I Ene
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas M D Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Christina Abi Faraj
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas M D Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Thomas H Beckham
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas M D Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Weinberg
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas M D Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Clark R Andersen
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas M D Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ali S Haider
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas M D Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ganesh Rao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sherise D Ferguson
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas M D Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Betty Y S Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas M D Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Amy B Heimberger
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ian E McCutcheon
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas M D Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sujit S Prabhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas M D Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chenyang Michael Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas M D Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Amol J Ghia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas M D Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Susan L McGovern
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas M D Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Caroline Chung
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas M D Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mary Frances McAleer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas M D Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Martin C Tom
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas M D Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Subha Perni
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas M D Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Todd A Swanson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas M D Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Debra N Yeboa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas M D Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tina M Briere
- Department of Radiation Physics, Division of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas M D Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jason T Huse
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas M D Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gregory N Fuller
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas M D Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Frederick F Lang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas M D Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas M D Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dima Suki
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas M D Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Raymond E Sawaya
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Affairs, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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Gutierrez-Valencia E, Kalyvas A, Jamora K, Yang K, Lau R, Khan B, Millar BA, Laperriere N, Conrad T, Berlin A, Weiss J, Li X, Zadeh G, Bernstein M, Kongkham P, Shultz DB. Rate of pachymeningeal failure following adjuvant WBRT vs SRS in patients with brain metastases. Clin Transl Radiat Oncol 2024; 45:100723. [PMID: 38282910 PMCID: PMC10821534 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctro.2023.100723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) has supplanted whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) as standard-of-care adjuvant treatment following surgery for brain metastasis (BrM). Concomitant with the adoption of adjuvant SRS, a new pattern of failure termed "Pachymeningeal failure" (PMF) has emerged. Methods We reviewed a prospective registry of 264 BrM patients; 145 and 119 were treated adjuvantly with WBRT and SRS, respectively. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to identify variables correlating to outcomes. Outcomes were calculated using the cumulative incidence (CI) method. Univariate (UVA) and multivariate analyses (MVA) were done to identify factors associated with PMF. Results CI of PMF was 2 % and 18 % at 12 months, and 2 % and 23 % at 24 months for WRBT and SRS, respectively (p < 0.001). The CI of classic leptomeningeal disease (LMD) was 3 % and 4 % at 12 months, and 6 % and 6 % at 24 months for WBRT and SRS, respectively (P = 0.67). On UVA, adjuvant SRS [HR 9.75 (3.43-27.68) (P < 0.001)]; preoperative dural contact (PDC) [HR 6.78 (1.64-28.10) (P = 0.008)]; GPA score [HR 1.64 (1.11-2.42) (P = 0.012)]; and lung EGFR/ALK status [HR 3.11 (1.02-9.45) (P = 0.045)]; were associated with PMF risk. On MVA, adjuvant SRS [HR 8.15 (2.69-24.7) (P < 0.001)]; and PDC [HR 6.28 (1.51-26.1) (P = 0.012)] remained associated with PMF. Conclusions Preoperative dural contact and adjuvant SRS instead of adjuvant WBRT were associated with an increased risk of PMF. Strategies to improve pachymeningeal radiation coverage to sterilize at risk pachymeninges should be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Gutierrez-Valencia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Aristotelis Kalyvas
- Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital - University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kurl Jamora
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kaiyun Yang
- Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital - University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ruth Lau
- Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital - University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Benazir Khan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Barbara-Ann Millar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Normand Laperriere
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tatiana Conrad
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alejandro Berlin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jessica Weiss
- Department of Biostatistics, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Xuan Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gelareh Zadeh
- Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital - University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mark Bernstein
- Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital - University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Paul Kongkham
- Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital - University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David B. Shultz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
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3
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Hinoto R, Tsukamoto N, Eriguchi T, Kumada H, Sakae T. Robust and optimal dose distribution for brain metastases with robotic radiosurgery system: recipe for an inflection point. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2024; 10:025038. [PMID: 38359444 DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/ad29a6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Purpose.This study aims to establish a robust dose prescription methodology in stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) and stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) for brain metastases, considering geometrical uncertainty and minimising dose exposure to the surrounding normal brain tissue.Methods and Materials.Treatment plans employing 40%-90% isodose lines (IDL) at 10% IDL intervals were created for variously sized brain metastases. The plans were constructed to deliver 21 Gy in SRS. Robustness of each plan was analysed using parameters such as the near minimum dose to the tumour, the near maximum dose to the normal brain, and the volume of normal brain irradiated above 14 Gy.Results.Plans prescribed at 60% IDL demonstrated the least variation in the near minimum dose to the tumour and the near maximum dose to the normal brain under conditions of minimal geometrical uncertainty relative to tumour radius. When the IDL-percentage prescription was below 60%, geometrical uncertainties led to increases in these doses. Conversely, they decreased with IDL-percentage prescriptions above 60%. The volume of normal brain irradiated above 14 Gy was lowest at 60% IDL, regardless of geometrical uncertainty.Conclusions.To enhance robustness against geometrical uncertainty and to better spare healthy brain tissue, a 60% IDL prescription is recommended in SRS and SRT for brain metastases using a robotic radiosurgery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoichi Hinoto
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Saitama Red Cross Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Tsukamoto
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Saitama Red Cross Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takahisa Eriguchi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Saitama Red Cross Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kumada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takeji Sakae
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Jablonska PA, Muniz T, Ribeiro M, Liu ZA, Ye XY, Devaraja K, Laperriere N, Millar BA, Conrad T, Kongkham P, Butler M, Shultz DB. Toxicity and outcomes of melanoma brain metastases treated with stereotactic radiosurgery: the risk of subsequent symptomatic intralesional hemorrhage exceeds that of radiation necrosis. J Neurooncol 2023; 164:199-209. [PMID: 37552363 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-023-04404-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to assess the outcomes and patterns of toxicity in patients with melanoma brain metastases (MBM) treated with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) with or without immunotherapy (IO). METHODS From a prospective registry, we reviewed MBM patients treated with single fraction Gamma Knife SRS between 2008 and 2021 at our center. We recorded all systemic therapies (chemotherapy, targeted therapy, or immunotherapy) administered before, during, or after SRS. Patients with prior brain surgery were excluded. We captured adverse events following SRS, including intralesional hemorrhage (IH), radiation necrosis (RN) and local failure (LF), as well as extracranial disease status. Distant brain failure (DBF), extracranial progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were determined using a cumulative Incidence function and the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS Our analysis included 165 patients with 570 SRS-treated MBM. Median OS for patients who received IO was 1.41 years versus 0.79 years in patients who did not (p = 0.04). Ipilimumab monotherapy was the most frequent IO regimen (30%). In the absence of IO, the cumulative incidence of symptomatic (grade 2 +) RN was 3% at 24 months and remained unchanged with respect to the type or timing of IO. The incidence of post-SRS g2 + IH in patients who did not receive systemic therapy was 19% at 1- and 2 years compared to 7% at 1- and 2 years among patients who did (HR: 0.33, 95% CI 0.11-0.98; p = 0.046). Overall, neither timing nor type of IO correlated to rates of DBF, OS, or LF. Among patients treated with IO, the median time to extracranial PFS was 5.4 months (95% IC 3.2 - 9.1). CONCLUSION The risk of g2 + IH exceeds that of g2 + RN in MBM patients undergoing SRS, with or without IO. IH should be considered a critical adverse event following MBM treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola A Jablonska
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Thiago Muniz
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mauricio Ribeiro
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Zhihui Amy Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Xiang Y Ye
- Department of Biostatistics, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Kaviya Devaraja
- Department of Medical Science, University of Toronto Institute and Princess Margaret Cancer Research Tower, Toronto, Canada
| | - Normand Laperriere
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Barbara-Ann Millar
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Tatiana Conrad
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Paul Kongkham
- Department of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Marcus Butler
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - David B Shultz
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.
- , 700 University Avenue, 7Th Floor (Room 7-401), Toronto, ON, M5G 1Z5, Canada.
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Foster RD, Moeller BJ, Robinson M, Bright M, Ruiz JL, Hampton CJ, Heinzerling JH. Dosimetric Analysis of Intra-Fraction Motion Detected by Surface-Guided Radiation Therapy During Linac Stereotactic Radiosurgery. Adv Radiat Oncol 2022; 8:101151. [PMID: 36691448 PMCID: PMC9860342 DOI: 10.1016/j.adro.2022.101151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) immobilization with an open face mask is more comfortable and less invasive than frame based, but concerns about intrafraction motion must be addressed. Surface-guided radiation therapy (SGRT) is an attractive option for intrafraction patient monitoring because it is continuous, has submillimeter accuracy, and uses no ionizing radiation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the dosimetric consequences of uncorrected intrafraction patient motion detected during frameless linac-based SRS. Methods and Materials Fifty-five SRS patients were monitored during treatment using SGRT between January 1, 2017, and September 30, 2020. If SGRT detected motion >1 mm, imaging was repeated and the necessary shifts were made before continuing treatment. For the 25 patients with intrafraction 3-dimensional vector shifts of ≥1 mm, we moved the isocenter in the planning system using the translational shifts from the repeat imaging and recalculated the plans to determine the dosimetric effect of the shifts. Planning target volume (PTV) coverage, minimum gross tumor volume (GTV) dose (relative and absolute), and normal brain V12 were evaluated. Wilcoxon signed rank tests were used to compare planned and simulated dosimetric parameters and median 2 sample tests were used to investigate these differences between cone and multileaf collimator (MLC) plans. Results For simulated plans, V12 increased by a median of 0.01 cc (P = .006) and relative GTV minimum dose and PTV coverage decreased by a median of 15.8% (P < .001) and 10.2 % (P < .001), respectively. Absolute minimum GTV dose was found to be significantly lower in the simulated plans (P < .001). PTV coverage decreased more for simulated cone plans than for simulated MLC plans (11.6% vs 4.7%, P = .011) but median V12 differences were found to be significantly larger for MLC plans (-0.34 cc vs -0.01 cc, P = .011). Differences in GTV minimum dose between cone and MLC plans were not statistically significant. Conclusions SGRT detected clinically meaningful intrafraction motion during frameless SRS, which could lead to large underdoses and increased normal brain dose if uncorrected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan D. Foster
- Levine Cancer Institute, Atrium Health, Concord, North Carolina,Corresponding author: Ryan Foster, PhD
| | - Benjamin J. Moeller
- Levine Cancer Institute, Atrium Health and Southeast Radiation Oncology Group, Charlotte, North Carolina
| | - Myra Robinson
- Levine Cancer Institute, Atrium Health, Charlotte, North Carolina
| | - Megan Bright
- Levine Cancer Institute, Atrium Health, Concord, North Carolina
| | - Justin L. Ruiz
- Levine Cancer Institute, Atrium Health, Concord, North Carolina
| | | | - John H. Heinzerling
- Levine Cancer Institute, Atrium Health and Southeast Radiation Oncology Group, Charlotte, North Carolina
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Yan M, Holden L, Wang M, Soliman H, Myrehaug S, Tseng CL, Detsky J, Ruschin M, Tjong M, Atenafu EG, Das S, Lipsman N, Heyn C, Sahgal A, Husain Z. Gamma knife icon based hypofractionated stereotactic radiosurgery (GKI-HSRS) for brain metastases: impact of dose and volume. J Neurooncol 2022; 159:705-712. [PMID: 35999435 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-022-04115-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gamma Knife Icon-based hypofractionated stereotactic radiosurgery (GKI-HSRS) is a novel technical paradigm in the treatment of brain metastases that allows for both the dosimetric benefits of the GKI stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) platform as well as the biologic benefits of fractionation. We report mature local control and adverse radiation effect (ARE) outcomes following 5 fraction GKI-HSRS for intact brain metastases. METHODS Patients with intact brain metastases treated with 5-fraction GKI-HSRS were retrospectively reviewed. Survival, local control, and adverse radiation effect rates were determined. Univariable and multivariable regression (MVA) were performed on potential predictive factors. RESULTS Two hundred and ninety-nine metastases in 146 patients were identified. The median clinical follow-up was 10.7 months (range 0.5-47.6). The median total dose and prescription isodose was 27.5 Gy (range, 20-27.5) in 5 daily fractions and 52% (range, 45-93), respectively. The median overall survival (OS) was 12.7 months, and the 1-year local failure rate was 15.2%. MVA identified a total dose of 27.5 Gy vs. ≤ 25 Gy (hazard ratio [HR] 0.59, p = 0.042), and prior chemotherapy exposure (HR 1.99, p = 0.015), as significant predictors of LC. The 1-year ARE rate was 10.8% and the symptomatic ARE rate was 1.8%. MVA identified a gross tumor volume of ≥ 4.5 cc (HR 7.29, p < 0.001) as a significant predictor of symptomatic ARE. CONCLUSION Moderate total doses in 5 daily fractions of GKI-HSRS were associated with high rates of LC and a low incidence of symptomatic ARE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Yan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Odette Cancer Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Lori Holden
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Odette Cancer Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Michael Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Odette Cancer Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Hany Soliman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Odette Cancer Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sten Myrehaug
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Odette Cancer Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Chia-Lin Tseng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Odette Cancer Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jay Detsky
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Odette Cancer Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mark Ruschin
- Department of Medical Physics, Odette Cancer Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Michael Tjong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Odette Cancer Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Eshetu G Atenafu
- Department of Biostatistics, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sunit Das
- Department of Neurosurgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Nir Lipsman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Chinthaka Heyn
- Department of Radiology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Arjun Sahgal
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Odette Cancer Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Zain Husain
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Odette Cancer Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. .,Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada.
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7
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Yan M, Zalay O, Kennedy T, Owen TE, Purzner J, Taslimi S, Purzner T, Alkins R, Moideen N, Fung AS, Moraes FY. Outcomes of Hypofractionated Stereotactic Radiotherapy for Small and Moderate-Sized Brain Metastases: A Single-Institution Analysis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:869572. [PMID: 35444935 PMCID: PMC9014302 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.869572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is the standard treatment for limited intracranial metastases. With the advent of frameless treatment delivery, fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (FSRT) has become more commonly implemented given superior control and toxicity rates for larger lesions. We reviewed our institutional experience of FSRT to brain metastases without size restriction. Methods We performed a retrospective review of our institutional database of patients treated with FSRT for brain metastases. Clinical and dosimetric details were abstracted. All patients were treated in 3 or 5 fractions using LINAC-based FSRT, did not receive prior cranial radiotherapy, and had at least 6 months of MRI follow-up. Overall survival was estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method. Local failure and radionecrosis cumulative incidence rates were estimated using a competing risks model with death as the competing risk. Univariable and multivariable analyses using Fine and Gray’s proportional subdistribution hazards regression model were performed to determine covariates predictive of local failure and radionecrosis. Results We identified 60 patients and 133 brain metastases treated at our institution from 2016 to 2020. The most common histologies were lung (53%) and melanoma (25%). Most lesions were >1 cm in diameter (84.2%) and did not have previous surgical resection (88%). The median duration of imaging follow-up was 9.8 months. The median survival for the whole cohort was 20.5 months. The local failure at 12 months was 17.8% for all lesions, 22.1% for lesions >1 cm, and 13.7% for lesions ≤1 cm (p = 0.36). The risk of radionecrosis at 12 months was 7.1% for all lesions, 13.2% for lesions >1 cm, and 3.2% for lesions ≤1 cm (p = 0.15). Conclusions FSRT is safe and effective in the treatment of brain metastases of any size with excellent local control and toxicity outcomes. Prospective evaluation against single-fraction SRS is warranted for all lesion sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Yan
- Department of Oncology, Division of Radiation Oncology, Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Osbert Zalay
- Department of Oncology, Division of Radiation Oncology, Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Thomas Kennedy
- Department of Oncology, Division of Radiation Oncology, Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Timothy E Owen
- Department of Oncology, Division of Radiation Oncology, Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - James Purzner
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Shervin Taslimi
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Teresa Purzner
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Ryan Alkins
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Nikitha Moideen
- Department of Oncology, Division of Radiation Oncology, Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Andrea S Fung
- Department of Oncology, Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Fabio Y Moraes
- Department of Oncology, Division of Radiation Oncology, Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
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8
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Ganz JC. Cerebral metastases. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2022; 268:229-258. [PMID: 35074082 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2021.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Brain metastases are common and deadly. Over the last 25 years GKNS has been established as an invaluable treatment. It may be used as a primary treatment or after either surgery or WBRT. Patients are assessed using one of a number of available scales. GKNS may be repeated for new metastases and for unresponsive tumors. Prescription doses are usually between 18 and 20Gy. The use of advanced MR techniques to highlight sensitive structures like the hippocampi have extended the efficacy of the treatment. More recently GKNS has been used with different target therapies with improved results. More recently frameless treatments have become more popular in this group of very sick patients. GKNS controls tumors in between 80% and over 95% of cases and may even be used for brainstem tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy C Ganz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
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Jiang Z, Wang B, Han X, Zhao P, Gao M, Zhang Y, Wei P, Lan C, Liu Y, Li D. Multimodality MRI-based radiomics approach to predict the posttreatment response of lung cancer brain metastases to gamma knife radiosurgery. Eur Radiol 2022; 32:2266-2276. [PMID: 34978579 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-021-08368-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To develop and validate a multimodality MRI-based radiomics approach to predicting the posttreatment response of lung cancer brain metastases (LCBM) to gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS). METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 213 lesions from 137 patients with LCBM who received GKRS between January 2017 and November 2020. The data were divided into a primary cohort (102 patients with 173 lesions) and an independent validation cohort (35 patients with 40 lesions) according to the time of treatment. Benefit result was defined using pretreatment and 3-month follow-up MRI images based on the Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology Brain Metastases criteria. Valuable radiomics features were extracted from pretreatment multimodality MRI images using random forests. Prediction performance among the radiomics features of tumor core (RFTC) and radiomics features of peritumoral edema (RFPE) together was evaluated separately. Then, the random forest radiomics score and nomogram were developed through the primary cohort and evaluated through an independent validation cohort. Prediction performance was evaluated by ROC curve, calibration curve, and decision curve. RESULTS Gender (p = 0.018), histological subtype (p = 0.009), epidermal growth factor receptor mutation (p = 0.034), and targeted drug treatment (p = 0.021) were significantly associated with posttreatment response. Adding RFPE to RFTC showed improved prediction performance than RFTC alone in primary cohort (AUC = 0.848 versus AUC = 0.750; p < 0.001). Finally, the radiomics nomogram had an AUC of 0.930, a C-index of 0.930 (specificity of 83.1%, sensitivity of 87.3%) in primary cohort, and an AUC of 0.852, a C-index of 0.848 (specificity of 84.2%, sensitivity of 76.2%) in validation cohort. CONCLUSIONS Multimodality MRI-based radiomics models can predict the posttreatment response of LCBM to GKRS. KEY POINTS • Among the selected radiomics features, texture features basically contributed the dominant force in prediction tasks (80%), especially gray-level co-occurrence matrix features (40%). • Adding RFPE to RFTC showed improved prediction performance than RFTC alone in primary cohort (AUC = 0.848 versus AUC = 0.750; p < 0.001). • The multimodality MRI-based radiomics nomogram showed high accuracy for distinguishing the posttreatment response of LCBM to GKRS (AUC = 0.930, in primary cohort; AUC = 0.852, in validation cohort).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zekun Jiang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Image Processing, Shandong Institute of Industrial Technology for Health Sciences and Precision Medicine, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, East Wenhua Road 88, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Bao Wang
- Department of Radiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao Han
- Department of Experiment, Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jingwu Road 324, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Meng Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jingwu Road 324, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ping Wei
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chuanjin Lan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jingwu Road 324, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Yingchao Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jingwu Road 324, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
| | - Dengwang Li
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Image Processing, Shandong Institute of Industrial Technology for Health Sciences and Precision Medicine, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, East Wenhua Road 88, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China.
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10
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Gutiérrez-Valencia E, Kalyvas A, Villafuerte CJ, Millar BA, Laperriere N, Conrad T, Berlin A, Weiss J, Zadeh G, Bernstein M, Kongkham P, Shultz DB. OUP accepted manuscript. Neuro Oncol 2022; 24:1925-1934. [PMID: 35474015 PMCID: PMC9629433 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noac106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We sought to identify variates correlating with overall survival (OS) in patients treated with surgery (S) plus adjuvant stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) versus definitive SRS for large (>4 cc) brain metastases (BrM). METHODS We used univariate (UVA) and multivariate analyses (MVA) to identify survival correlates among eligible patients identified from a prospective registry and compared definitive SRS to S+ adjuvant SRS cohorts using propensity score-matched analysis (PSMA). Secondary outcomes were measured using the cumulative incidence (CI) method. RESULTS We identified 364 patients; 127 and 237 were treated with S+SRS and definitive SRS, respectively. On UVA, SRS alone [HR1.73 (1.35,2.22) P < .001), BrM quantity [HR 1.13 (1.06-1.22) (P < .001)]; performance status (PS) [HR 2.78 (1.73-4.46) (P < .001)]; extracranial disease (ECD) [HR 1.82 (1.37,2.40) (P < .001)]; and receipt of systemic treatment after BrM therapy, [HR 0.58 (0.46-073) (P < .001)] correlated with OS. On MVA, SRS alone [HR 1.81 (1.19,2.74) (P < .0054)], SRS target volume [HR 1.03 (1.01,1.06) (P < .0042)], and receipt of systemic treatment [HR 0.68 (0.50,0.93) (P < .015)] correlated with OS. When PSMA was used to balance ECD, BrM quantity, PS, and SRS target volume, SRS alone remained correlated with worsened OS [HR 1.62 (1.20-2.19) (P = 0.0015)]. CI of local failure requiring resection at 12 months was 3% versus 7% for S+SRS and SRS cohorts, respectively [(HR 2.04 (0.89-4.69) (P = .091)]. CI of pachymeningeal failure at 12 months was 16% versus 0% for S+SRS and SRS. CONCLUSION SRS target volume, receipt of systemic therapies, and treatment with S+SRS instead of definitive SRS correlated with improved survival in patients with large BrM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Conrad J Villafuerte
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Barbara-Ann Millar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Normand Laperriere
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tatiana Conrad
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alejandro Berlin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jessica Weiss
- Department of Biostatistics, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gelareh Zadeh
- Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital - University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mark Bernstein
- Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital - University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - David B Shultz
- Corresponding Author: David B. Shultz, MD, PhD, FRCPC, Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, 7th Floor of Ontario Power Generation (OPG) Building, Room 7–401, 700 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada ()
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11
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Mitchell D, Kwon HJ, Kubica PA, Huff WX, O’Regan R, Dey M. Brain metastases: An update on the multi-disciplinary approach of clinical management. Neurochirurgie 2022; 68:69-85. [PMID: 33864773 PMCID: PMC8514593 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuchi.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Brain metastasis (BM) is the most common malignant intracranial neoplasm in adults with over 100,000 new cases annually in the United States and outnumbering primary brain tumors 10:1. OBSERVATIONS The incidence of BM in adult cancer patients ranges from 10-40%, and is increasing with improved surveillance, effective systemic therapy, and an aging population. The overall prognosis of cancer patients is largely dependent on the presence or absence of brain metastasis, and therefore, a timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for improving long-term outcomes, especially in the current era of significantly improved systemic therapy for many common cancers. BM should be suspected in any cancer patient who develops new neurological deficits or behavioral abnormalities. Gadolinium enhanced MRI is the preferred imaging technique and BM must be distinguished from other pathologies. Large, symptomatic lesion(s) in patients with good functional status are best treated with surgery and stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). Due to neurocognitive side effects and improved overall survival of cancer patients, whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) is reserved as salvage therapy for patients with multiple lesions or as palliation. Newer approaches including multi-lesion stereotactic surgery, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy are also being investigated to improve outcomes while preserving quality of life. CONCLUSION With the significant advancements in the systemic treatment for cancer patients, addressing BM effectively is critical for overall survival. In addition to patient's performance status, therapeutic approach should be based on the type of primary tumor and associated molecular profile as well as the size, number, and location of metastatic lesion(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- D Mitchell
- Department of Neurosurgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - HJ Kwon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - PA Kubica
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health, UW Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - WX Huff
- Department of Neurosurgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - R O’Regan
- Department of Medicine/Hematology Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health, UW Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - M Dey
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health, UW Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, USA,Correspondence Should Be Addressed To: Mahua Dey, MD, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53792; Tel: 317-274-2601;
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12
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Outcomes in Patients With 4 to 10 Brain Metastases Treated With Dose-Adapted Single-Isocenter Multitarget Stereotactic Radiosurgery: A Prospective Study. Adv Radiat Oncol 2021; 6:100760. [PMID: 34934856 PMCID: PMC8655418 DOI: 10.1016/j.adro.2021.100760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To examine the effectiveness and safety of single-isocenter multitarget stereotactic radiosurgery using a volume-adapted dosing strategy in patients with 4 to 10 brain metastases. Methods and Materials Adult patients with 4 to 10 brain metastases were eligible for this prospective trial. The primary endpoint was overall survival. Secondary endpoints were local recurrence, distant brain failure, neurologic death, and rate of adverse events. Exploratory objectives were neurocognition, quality of life, dosimetric data, salvage rate, and radionecrosis. Dose was prescribed in a single fraction per RTOG 90-05 or as 5 Gy × 5 fractions for lesions ≥3 cm diameter, lesions involving critical structures, or single-fraction brain V12Gy >20 mL. Results Forty patients were treated with median age of 61 years, Karnofsky performance status 90, and 6 brain metastases. Twenty-two patients survived longer than expected from the time of protocol SRS, with 1 living patient who has not reached that milestone. Median overall survival was 8.1 months with a 1-year overall survival of 35.7%. The 1-year local recurrence rate was 5% (10 of 204 of evaluable lesions) in 12.5% (4 of 32) of the patients. Distant brain failure was observed in 19 of 32 patients with a 1-year rate of 35.8%. Grade 1-2 headache was the most common complaint, with no grade 3-5 treatment-related adverse events. Radionecrosis was observed in only 5 lesions, with a 1-year rate of 1.5%. Rate of neurologic death was 20%. Neurocognition and quality of life did not significantly change 3 months after SRS compared with pretreatment. Conclusions These results suggest that volume-adapted dosing single-isocenter multitarget stereotactic radiosurgery is an effective and safe treatment for patients with 4 to 10 brain metastases.
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13
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Vogelbaum MA, Brown PD, Messersmith H, Brastianos PK, Burri S, Cahill D, Dunn IF, Gaspar LE, Gatson NTN, Gondi V, Jordan JT, Lassman AB, Maues J, Mohile N, Redjal N, Stevens G, Sulman E, van den Bent M, Wallace HJ, Weinberg JS, Zadeh G, Schiff D. Treatment for Brain Metastases: ASCO-SNO-ASTRO Guideline. J Clin Oncol 2021; 40:492-516. [PMID: 34932393 DOI: 10.1200/jco.21.02314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 87.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To provide guidance to clinicians regarding therapy for patients with brain metastases from solid tumors. METHODS ASCO convened an Expert Panel and conducted a systematic review of the literature. RESULTS Thirty-two randomized trials published in 2008 or later met eligibility criteria and form the primary evidentiary base. RECOMMENDATIONS Surgery is a reasonable option for patients with brain metastases. Patients with large tumors with mass effect are more likely to benefit than those with multiple brain metastases and/or uncontrolled systemic disease. Patients with symptomatic brain metastases should receive local therapy regardless of the systemic therapy used. For patients with asymptomatic brain metastases, local therapy should not be deferred unless deferral is specifically recommended in this guideline. The decision to defer local therapy should be based on a multidisciplinary discussion of the potential benefits and harms that the patient may experience. Several regimens were recommended for non-small-cell lung cancer, breast cancer, and melanoma. For patients with asymptomatic brain metastases and no systemic therapy options, stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) alone should be offered to patients with one to four unresected brain metastases, excluding small-cell lung carcinoma. SRS alone to the surgical cavity should be offered to patients with one to two resected brain metastases. SRS, whole brain radiation therapy, or their combination are reasonable options for other patients. Memantine and hippocampal avoidance should be offered to patients who receive whole brain radiation therapy and have no hippocampal lesions and 4 months or more expected survival. Patients with asymptomatic brain metastases with either Karnofsky Performance Status ≤ 50 or Karnofsky Performance Status < 70 with no systemic therapy options do not derive benefit from radiation therapy.Additional information is available at www.asco.org/neurooncology-guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Stuart Burri
- Levine Cancer Institute at Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC
| | - Dan Cahill
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Ian F Dunn
- Stephenson Cancer Center at the University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Laurie E Gaspar
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO.,University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO
| | - Na Tosha N Gatson
- Banner MD Anderson Cancer Center, Phoenix, AZ.,Geisinger Neuroscience Institute. Danville, PA
| | - Vinai Gondi
- Northwestern Medicine Cancer Center Warrenville and Proton Center, Warrenville, IL
| | | | | | - Julia Maues
- Georgetown Breast Cancer Advocates, Washington, DC
| | - Nimish Mohile
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
| | - Navid Redjal
- Capital Health Medical Center - Hopewell Campus, Princeton, NJ
| | | | | | - Martin van den Bent
- Brain Tumor Center at Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - David Schiff
- University of Virginia Medical Center, Charlottesville, VA
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14
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Chen X, Parekh VS, Peng L, Chan MD, Redmond KJ, Soike M, McTyre E, Lin D, Jacobs MA, Kleinberg LR. Multiparametric radiomic tissue signature and machine learning for distinguishing radiation necrosis from tumor progression after stereotactic radiosurgery. Neurooncol Adv 2021; 3:vdab150. [PMID: 34901857 PMCID: PMC8661085 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdab150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) may cause radiation necrosis (RN) that is difficult to distinguish from tumor progression (TP) by conventional MRI. We hypothesize that MRI-based multiparametric radiomics (mpRad) and machine learning (ML) can differentiate TP from RN in a multi-institutional cohort. Methods Patients with growing brain metastases after SRS at 2 institutions underwent surgery, and RN or TP were confirmed by histopathology. A radiomic tissue signature (RTS) was selected from mpRad, as well as single T1 post-contrast (T1c) and T2 fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (T2-FLAIR) radiomic features. Feature selection and supervised ML were performed in a randomly selected training cohort (N = 95) and validated in the remaining cases (N = 40) using surgical pathology as the gold standard. Results One hundred and thirty-five discrete lesions (37 RN, 98 TP) from 109 patients were included. Radiographic diagnoses by an experienced neuroradiologist were concordant with histopathology in 67% of cases (sensitivity 69%, specificity 59% for TP). Radiomic analysis indicated institutional origin as a significant confounding factor for diagnosis. A random forest model incorporating 1 mpRad, 4 T1c, and 4 T2-FLAIR features had an AUC of 0.77 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.66–0.88), sensitivity of 67% and specificity of 86% in the training cohort, and AUC of 0.71 (95% CI: 0.51–0.91), sensitivity of 52% and specificity of 90% in the validation cohort. Conclusions MRI-based mpRad and ML can distinguish TP from RN with high specificity, which may facilitate the triage of patients with growing brain metastases after SRS for repeat radiation versus surgical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuguang Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Vishwa S Parekh
- Department of Computer Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Luke Peng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael D Chan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kristin J Redmond
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael Soike
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama , Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Emory McTyre
- Prisma Cancer Institute, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Doris Lin
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael A Jacobs
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, IRAT Core, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Lawrence R Kleinberg
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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15
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Aras Y, Dölen D, İribas Çelik A, Kılıç G, Kebudi R, Ünverengil G, Sabancı PA, İzgi AN. Effects of different molecular subtypes and tumor biology on the prognosis of medulloblastoma. Childs Nerv Syst 2021; 37:3733-3742. [PMID: 34550414 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-021-05350-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Medulloblastoma is one of the most common malignant brain tumors in the pediatric population. Recent studies identified four distinct medulloblastoma subgroups with different molecular alterations and pathways, and natural courses and outcomes. To evaluate the results of surgical and medical treatments of patients with medulloblastoma and compare them among the medulloblastoma subgroups. METHODS The clinical and radiological features, medical and surgical management and treatment outcomes and their correlation with molecular subgroups of 58 patients treated for medulloblastoma in the last 20 years were evaluated. RESULTS Fifty-eight patients, of whom 35 were male and 23 were female, were evaluated. The median age was 6 years (range, 1-19 years). The most common symptoms were nausea and vomiting (60%). Forty-three percent of the patients had headache and 40% had ataxia. Previous pathology reports revealed that 43 (74%), eight (14%), five (8%), and two (3%) had classic, desmoplastic, desmoplastic/nodular, and anaplastic morphologies, respectively. After the subgroup analyses, five patients (12%) were attributed to the wingless subgroup (WNT) group; 14 (32.5%), to the sonic hedgehog subgroup (SHH) group; and 24 (56%), to the non-WNT non-SHH group. On the basis of immunohistochemical analysis results, 15 patients could not be attributed to any subgroups. The clinical risk groups (average vs high-risk) and age at diagnosis (≥ 3 years vs < 3 years of age) were significant for 5-year event free survival (86% vs 43%, p:0.011 and 59% vs 36%, p:0.039). There was no significant difference in survival or event free survival according to molecular subtypes in this cohort. CONCLUSION In corporation of molecular features to the clinicopathologic classification leads to risk-adapted treatment. Although the molecular subgroups did not affect outcome significantly in this study, more studies with larger numbers of patients are needed to understand the tumor pathophysiology of medulloblastoma and design the future medical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yavuz Aras
- Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Neurosurgery Department, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Duygu Dölen
- Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Neurosurgery Department, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Ayca İribas Çelik
- Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Radiation Oncology Department, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gozde Kılıç
- Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Pathology Department, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Rejin Kebudi
- Institute of Oncology, Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Department, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gökçen Ünverengil
- Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Pathology Department, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Pulat Akın Sabancı
- Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Neurosurgery Department, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Nail İzgi
- Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Neurosurgery Department, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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16
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Myrehaug S, Hudson J, Soliman H, Ruschin M, Tseng CL, Detsky J, Husain Z, Keith J, Atenafu EG, Maralani P, Heyn C, Das S, Lipsman N, Sahgal A. Hypofractionated Stereotactic Radiation Therapy for Intact Brain Metastases in 5 Daily Fractions: Effect of Dose on Treatment Response. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2021; 112:342-350. [PMID: 34537313 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Multileaf collimator (MLC) linear accelerator (Linac)-based hypofractionated stereotactic radiation therapy (HSRT) is increasingly used not only for large brain metastases or those adjacent to critical structures but also for those metastases that would otherwise be considered for single-fraction radiosurgery (SRS). However, data on outcomes in general are limited, and there is a lack of understanding regarding optimal dosing. Our aim was to report mature image-based outcomes for MLC-Linac HSRT with a focus on clinical and dosimetric factors associated with local failure (LF). METHODS AND MATERIALS A total of 220 patients with 334 brain metastases treated with HSRT were identified. All patients were treated using a 5-fraction daily regimen and were followed with clinical evaluation and volumetric magnetic resonance imaging every 2 to 3 months. Overall survival and progression-free survival were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method, with LF determined using Fine and Gray's competing risk method. Predictive factors were identified using Cox regression multivariate analysis. RESULTS Median follow-up was 10.8 months. Median size of treated metastasis was 1.9 cm; 60% of metastases were <2 cm in size. The median total dose was 30 Gy in 5 fractions; 36% of the cohort received <30 Gy. The median time to LF and 12-month cumulative incidence of LF was 8.5 months and 23.8%, respectively. Median time to death and 12-month overall survival rates were 11.8 months and 48.2%, respectively. Fifty-two metastases (15.6%) had an adverse radiation effect, of which 32 (9.5%) were symptomatic necrosis. Multivariable analysis identified worse LF in patients who received a total dose of <30 Gy (hazard ratio, 1.62; P = .03), with LF at 6 and 12 months of 13% and 33% for patients treated with <30 Gy versus 5% and 19% for patients treated with >30 Gy. Exploratory analysis demonstrated a dose-response effect observed in all histologic types, including among breast cancer subtypes. CONCLUSION Optimal local control is achieved with HSRT of ≥30 Gy in 5 daily fractions, independent of tumor volume and histology, with an acceptable risk of radiation necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sten Myrehaug
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Ontario, Canada.
| | - John Hudson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hany Soliman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark Ruschin
- Department of Medical Physics, Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chia-Lin Tseng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jay Detsky
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zain Husain
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julia Keith
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eshetu G Atenafu
- Department of Biostatistics, University Health Network, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pejman Maralani
- Department of Medical Imaging, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chris Heyn
- Department of Medical Imaging, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sunit Das
- Department of Neurosurgery, St. Michaels Hospital, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nir Lipsman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Ontario, Canada
| | - Arjun Sahgal
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Ontario, Canada
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17
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Spyropoulou D, Tsiganos P, Dimitrakopoulos FI, Tolia M, Koutras A, Velissaris D, Lagadinou M, Papathanasiou N, Gkantaifi A, Kalofonos H, Kardamakis D. Radiotherapy and Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Continuing Saga. In Vivo 2021; 35:1365-1377. [PMID: 33910814 PMCID: PMC8193295 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the most aggressive malignancies of the genito-urinary tract, having a poor prognosis especially in patients with metastasis. Surgical resection remains the gold standard for localized renal cancer disease, with radiotherapy (RT) receiving much skepticism during the last decades. However, many studies have evaluated the role of RT, and although renal cancer is traditionally considered radio-resistant, technological advances in the RT field with regards to modern linear accelerators, as well as advanced RT techniques have resulted in breakthrough therapeutic outcomes. Additionally, the combination of RT with immune checkpoint inhibitors and targeted agents may maximize the clinical benefit. This review article focuses on the role of RT in the therapeutic management of renal cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Despoina Spyropoulou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece;
| | - Panagiotis Tsiganos
- Clinical Radiology Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Foteinos-Ioannis Dimitrakopoulos
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece
- Clinical and Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Maria Tolia
- Radiotherapy Department, University Hospital Heraklion, University of Crete Medical School, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Angelos Koutras
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Dimitris Velissaris
- Emergency Department and Internal Medicine Department, University Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Maria Lagadinou
- Emergency Department University Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | | | - Areti Gkantaifi
- Radiotherapy Department, Interbalkan Medical Center, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Haralabos Kalofonos
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Kardamakis
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece
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18
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Redmond KJ, De Salles AAF, Fariselli L, Levivier M, Ma L, Paddick I, Pollock BE, Regis J, Sheehan J, Suh J, Yomo S, Sahgal A. Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Postoperative Metastatic Surgical Cavities: A Critical Review and International Stereotactic Radiosurgery Society (ISRS) Practice Guidelines. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2021; 111:68-80. [PMID: 33891979 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this critical review is to summarize the literature specific to single-fraction stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) and multiple-fraction stereotactic radiation therapy (SRT) for postoperative brain metastases resection cavities and to present practice recommendations on behalf of the ISRS. METHODS AND MATERIALS The Medline and Embase databases were used to apply the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses approach to search for manuscripts reporting SRS/SRT outcomes for postoperative brain metastases tumor bed resection cavities with a search end date of July 20, 2018. Prospective studies, consensus guidelines, and retrospective series that included exclusively postoperative brain metastases and had at minimum 100 patients were considered eligible. RESULTS The Embase search revealed 157 manuscripts, of which 77 were selected for full-text screening. PubMed yielded 55 manuscripts, of which 23 were selected for full text screening. We deemed 8 retrospective series, 1 phase 2 prospective study, 3 randomized controlled trials, and 1 consensus contouring paper appropriate for inclusion. The data suggest that SRS/SRT to surgical cavities with prescription doses of 30 to 50 Gy equivalent effective dose (EQD) 210, 50 to 70 Gy EQD25, and 70 to 90 EQD22 are associated with rates of local control ranging from 60.5% to 91% (median, 80.5%). Randomized data suggest improved local control with single-fraction SRS compared with observation and improved cognitive outcomes compared with whole-brain radiation therapy (WBRT). The toxicity of SRS/SRT in the postoperative setting was limited and is reviewed herein. CONCLUSIONS Although randomized data raise concern for poorer local control after resection cavity SRS than WBRT, these findings may be driven by factors such as conservative prescription doses used in the SRS arm. Retrospective studies suggest high rates of local control after single-fraction SRS and hypofractionated SRT for postoperative brain metastases. With a superior neurocognitive profile and no survival disadvantage to withholding WBRT, the ISRS recommends SRS as first-line treatment for eligible postoperative patients. Emerging data suggest that fractionated SRT may provide superior local control compared with single-fraction SRS, in particular, for large tumor cavity volumes/diameters and potentially for patients with a preoperative diameter greater than 2.5 cm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin J Redmond
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
| | | | - Laura Fariselli
- Department of Neurosurgery, Unit of Radiotherapy, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C Besta, Milano, Italy
| | - Marc Levivier
- Neurosurgery Service and Gamma Knife Center Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; Faculty of Biology and Medicine (FBM), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lijun Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Ian Paddick
- Medical Physics Ltd, Queen Square Radiosurgery Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bruce E Pollock
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Jean Regis
- Aix-Marseille University, INSERM, UMR 1106, Timone University Hospital, Functional Neurosurgery and Radiosurgery Department, Marseille, France
| | - Jason Sheehan
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - John Suh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taussing Cancer Institute Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Shoji Yomo
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Aizawa Comprehensive Cancer Center, Aizawa Hospital, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Arjun Sahgal
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Canada
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19
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Mendel JT, Schroeder S, Plitt A, Patel A, Joo M, Stojadinovic S, Dan T, Timmerman R, Patel TR, Wardak Z. Expanded Radiosurgery Capabilities Utilizing Gamma Knife Icon™. Cureus 2021; 13:e13998. [PMID: 33758727 PMCID: PMC7978152 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.13998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The indications and techniques for the treatment of intracranial lesions continue to evolve with the advent of novel technologies. The Gamma Knife Icon™ (GK Icon™) is the most recent model available from Elekta, providing a frameless solution for stereotactic radiosurgery. At our institution, 382 patients with 3,213 separate intracranial lesions have been treated with frameless stereotactic radiotherapy using the GK Icon. The wide range of diagnoses include brain metastases, meningiomas, arteriovenous malformations, acoustic neuromas, pituitary adenomas, and several other histologies. The ability to perform both frame and frameless treatments on the GK Icon has significantly increased our daily volume by almost 50% on a single machine. Although the frameless approach allows one to take advantage of the precision in radiosurgery, the intricacies regarding treatment with this frameless system are not well established. Our initial experience will help to serve as a guide to those wishing to implement this novel technology in their practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aaron Plitt
- Neurological Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
| | - Ankur Patel
- Neurosurgery, Baylor Scott & White Health, Dallas, USA
| | - Mindy Joo
- Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
| | | | - Tu Dan
- Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
| | - Robert Timmerman
- Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
| | - Toral R Patel
- Neurosurgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
| | - Zabi Wardak
- Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
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20
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Abstract
Brain metastases (BM) are the most common intracranial neoplasm and represent a major clinical challenge across many medical disciplines. The incidence of BM is increasing, largely due to improvements in primary disease therapeutics conferring greater systemic control, and advancements in neuroimaging techniques and availability leading to earlier diagnosis. In recent years, the landscape of BM treatment has changed significantly with the advent of personalized targeted chemotherapies and immunotherapy, the adoption of focal radiotherapy (RT) for higher intracranial disease burden, and the implementation of new surgical strategies. The increasing permutations of options available for the treatment of patients diagnosed with BM necessitate coordinated care by a multidisciplinary team. This review discusses the current treatment regimens for BM as well as examines the salient features of a modern multidisciplinary approach.
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21
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Xu Q, Kubicek G, Mulvihill D, Eastwick G, Goldman H, Turtz AR, Fan J, Luo D. Tuning-Target-Guided Inverse Planning of Brain Tumors With Abutting Organs at Risk During Gamma Knife Stereotactic Radiosurgery. Cureus 2020; 12:e9585. [PMID: 32923191 PMCID: PMC7480783 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.9585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose We proposed a planning strategy that utilized tuning targets to guide GammaKnife (GK) Inverse Planning (IP) to deliver higher dose to the tumor, while keeping acceptable dose to the abutting organ at risk (OAR). Methods Ten patients with a large portion of brain tumor abutting the OAR previously treated with GK stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) were selected. For each patient, multiple tuning targets were created by cropping the target contour from three-dimensional (3D) expansions of the OAR. The number of the tuning targets depended on the complexity of the planning process. To demonstrate dose sparing effect, an IP plan was generated for each tuning target after one round of optimization without shot fine-tuning. In the dose enhancement study, a more aggressive target dose was prescribed to the tuning target with a larger margin and one to two shots were filled in the region with missing dose. The resulting plans were compared to the previously approved clinical plans. Results For all 10 patients, a dose sparing effect was observed, i.e. both target coverage and dose to the OARs decreased when the margins of 3D expansion increased. For one patient, a margin of 6 mm was needed to decrease the maximum dose to the optical chiasm and optical nerve by 44.3% and 28.4%, respectively. For the other nine patients, the mean dropping rate of V12Gyto brain stem were 28.2% and 59.5% for tuning targets of 1 and 2 mm margins, respectively. In the dose enhancement study, the tuning-target-guided plans were hotter than the approved treatment plans, while keeping similar dose to the OARs. The mean of the treatment and enhancement dose was 15.6 ± 2.2 Gy and 18.5 ± 3.2 Gy, respectively. The mean coverage of the target by prescription dose was slightly higher in the enhancement plans (96.9 ± 2.6% vs 96.3 ± 3.6%), whereas the mean coverage of the enhancement dose was 20.1% higher in the enhancement plans (89.6 ± 9.0% vs 74.6 ± 19.9%). Conclusions We demonstrated that an inverse planning strategy could facilitate target dose enhancement for challenging GK cases while keeping acceptable OAR dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyi Xu
- Radiation Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center at Cooper, Mount Laurel, USA
| | | | | | - Gary Eastwick
- Radiation Oncology, Cooper University Hospital, Camden, USA
| | | | - Alan R Turtz
- Neurosurgery, Cooper University Hospital, Camden, USA
| | - Jiajin Fan
- Radiation Oncology, Inova Health System, Fairfax, USA
| | - Dershan Luo
- Radiation Physics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
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22
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Raman S, Mou B, Hsu F, Valev B, Cheung A, Vallières I, Ma R, McKenzie M, Beaton L, Rackley T, Gondara L, Nichol A. Whole Brain Radiotherapy Versus Stereotactic Radiosurgery in Poor-Prognosis Patients with One to 10 Brain Metastases: A Randomised Feasibility Study. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2020; 32:442-451. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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23
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Moraes FY, Chen X, Yan M, Spratt DE, Redmond K, Jackson WC, Yamada YJ. Evolving Role of Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy in the Management of Spine Metastases: Defining Dose and Dose Constraints. Neurosurg Clin N Am 2020; 31:167-189. [PMID: 32147009 DOI: 10.1016/j.nec.2019.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
When treating solid tumor spine metastases, stereotactic high-dose-per-fraction radiation, given in a single fraction or in a hypofractionated approach, has proved to be a highly effective and safe therapeutic option for any tumor histology, in the setting of de novo therapy, as salvage treatment of local progression after previous radiation, and in the postoperative setting. There are variations in practice based on the clinical presentation, goals of therapy, as well as institutional preferences. As a biologically potent therapy, a thoughtful and careful attention to detail with patient selection, treatment planning, and delivery is crucial for treatment success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Y Moraes
- Department of Oncology, Division of Radiation Oncology, Queen's University, Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xuguang Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael Yan
- Department of Oncology, Division of Radiation Oncology, Queen's University, Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel E Spratt
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kristen Redmond
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - William C Jackson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yoshiya Josh Yamada
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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Scharl S, Kirstein A, Kessel KA, Diehl C, Oechsner M, Straube C, Meyer B, Zimmer C, Combs SE. Stereotactic irradiation of the resection cavity after surgical resection of brain metastases - when is the right timing? Acta Oncol 2019; 58:1714-1719. [PMID: 31368403 DOI: 10.1080/0284186x.2019.1643917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate whether an early beginning of the adjuvant stereotactic radiotherapy after macroscopic complete resection of 1-3 brain metastases is essential or whether longer intervals between surgery and radiotherapy are feasible.Material and methods: Sixty-six patients with 69 resection cavities treated with HFSRT after macroscopic complete resection of 1-3 brain metastases between 2009 and 2016 in our institution were included in this study. Overall survival, local recurrence and locoregional recurrence were evaluated depending on the time interval from surgery to the start of radiation therapy.Results: Patients that started radiotherapy within 21 days from surgery had a significantly decreased OS compared to patients treated after a longer interval from surgery (p < .01). There was no significant difference between patients treated ≥ 34 and 22-33 days from surgery (p = .210). In the univariate analysis, local control was superior for patients starting treatment 22-33 days from surgery compared to a later start (p = .049). This effect did not prevail in a multivariate model. There was no significant difference between patients treated within 21 days and patients treated more than 33 days after surgery (p = .203). Locoregional control was not influenced by RT timing (p = .508).Conclusion: A short delay in the start of radiotherapy does not seem to negatively impact the outcome in patients with resected brain metastases. We even observed an unexpected reduction in OS in patients treated within 21 days from surgery. Further studies are needed to define the optimal timing of postoperative radiotherapy to the resection cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Scharl
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Anna Kirstein
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany
- Institute of Radiation Medicine (IRM), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Kerstin A. Kessel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany
- Institute of Radiation Medicine (IRM), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Oberschleißheim, Germany
- Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung (DKTK), Partner Site, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Diehl
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Oechsner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph Straube
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany
- Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung (DKTK), Partner Site, Munich, Germany
| | - Bernhard Meyer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Claus Zimmer
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Stephanie E. Combs
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany
- Institute of Radiation Medicine (IRM), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Oberschleißheim, Germany
- Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung (DKTK), Partner Site, Munich, Germany
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25
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First experience and clinical results using a new non-coplanar mono-isocenter technique (HyperArc™) for Linac-based VMAT radiosurgery in brain metastases. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2018; 145:193-200. [PMID: 30382369 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-018-2781-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Radiosurgery (SRS) or stereotactic fractionated radiotherapy (SFRT) is increasing in the treatment of brain metastases (BMs). Aim of the present study was to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of SRS/SFRT for BMs, using a new mono-isocenter non-coplanar solution (HyperArc™ Varian Medical System). METHODS BMs patients with a diameter inferior to 3 cm, a life expectancy of more than 3 months and a good performance status, were eligible for Linac-based volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) SFRT/SRS with HyperArc™. A retrospective analysis of patients and BMs was performed. RESULTS From August 2017 to May 2018, 381 BMs in 64 patients were treated and 246 BMs (43 patients, median number of BMs: 5) of them were suitable for analysis. With a median FU time of 6 months, 244 out 246 (99%) BMs were controlled (18% complete response; 41% partial response, 40% stable disease), 2 BMs showed a progression, at the first control. No acute or late toxicities were reported. Median overall survival (OS) has not yet been achieved, while median time to progression was 5 months. In univariate analysis, statistically negative prognostic factors for OS were histology of primary tumor (p = 0.009): lung/breast cancer had better survival rates as compared to others. Cumulative intracranial volume disease ≥ 15 cc and systemic progression disease were independent prognostic factors for OS at univariate (p = 0.04; p = 0.005) and multivariate (p = 0.04; p = 0.009) analysis, respectively. CONCLUSION The present first clinical data show that SFRT/SRS with HyperArc™ is safe and effective for BMs patients. The utilization of SFRT/SRS for BMs is promising and should be further explored in randomized trials.
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