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Pellerino A, Bruno F, Soffietti R, Rudà R. Antiangiogenic Therapy for Malignant Brain Tumors: Does It Still Matter? Curr Oncol Rep 2023; 25:777-785. [PMID: 37071295 PMCID: PMC10256654 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-023-01417-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To summarize the mechanisms of tumor angiogenesis and resistance to antiangiogenic therapy, and the influence on tumor microenvironment. RECENT FINDINGS Several clinical trials have investigated the activity of anti-VEGF monoclonal antibodies and tyrosine kinase inhibitors in glioblastoma, shedding the light on their limitations in terms of disease control and survival. We have outlined the mechanisms of resistance to antiangiogenic therapy, including vessel co-option, hypoxic signaling in response to vessel destruction, modulation of glioma stem cells, and trafficking of tumor-associated macrophages in tumor microenvironment. Moreover, novel generation of antiangiogenic compounds for glioblastoma, including small interfering RNAs and nanoparticles, as a delivery vehicle, could enhance selectivity and reduce side effects of treatments. There is still a rationale for the use of antiangiogenic therapy, but a better understanding of vascular co-option, vascular mimicry, and dynamic relationships between immunosuppressive microenvironment and blood vessel destruction is crucial to develop next-generation antiangiogenic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Pellerino
- Division of Neuro‑Oncology, Department of Neuroscience “Rita Levi Montalcini”, University and City of Health and Science Hospital, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Francesco Bruno
- Division of Neuro‑Oncology, Department of Neuroscience “Rita Levi Montalcini”, University and City of Health and Science Hospital, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Riccardo Soffietti
- Division of Neuro‑Oncology, Department of Neuroscience “Rita Levi Montalcini”, University and City of Health and Science Hospital, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Roberta Rudà
- Division of Neuro‑Oncology, Department of Neuroscience “Rita Levi Montalcini”, University and City of Health and Science Hospital, 10126 Turin, Italy
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2
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Rivera-Caraballo KA, Nair M, Lee TJ, Kaur B, Yoo JY. The complex relationship between integrins and oncolytic herpes Simplex Virus 1 in high-grade glioma therapeutics. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2022; 26:63-75. [PMID: 35795093 PMCID: PMC9233184 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2022.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
High-grade gliomas (HGGs) are lethal central nervous system tumors that spread quickly through the brain, making treatment challenging. Integrins are transmembrane receptors that mediate cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions, cellular adhesion, migration, growth, and survival. Their upregulation and inverse correlation in HGG malignancy make targeting integrins a viable therapeutic option. Integrins also play a role in herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) entry. Oncolytic HSV-1 (oHSV) is the most clinically advanced oncolytic virotherapy, showing a superior safety and efficacy profile over standard cancer treatment of solid cancers, including HGG. With the FDA-approval of oHSV for melanoma and the recent conditional approval of oHSV for malignant glioma in Japan, usage of oHSV for HGG has become of great interest. In this review, we provide a systematic overview of the role of integrins in relation to oHSV, with a special focus on its therapeutic potential against HGG. We discuss the pros and cons of targeting integrins during oHSV therapy: while integrins play a pro-therapeutic role by acting as a gateway for oHSV entry, they also mediate the innate antiviral immune responses that hinder oHSV therapeutic efficacy. We further discuss alternative strategies to regulate the dual functionality of integrins in the context of oHSV therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Ann Rivera-Caraballo
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mitra Nair
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Tae Jin Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Balveen Kaur
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ji Young Yoo
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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3
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Jiguet-Jiglaire C, Boissonneau S, Denicolai E, Hein V, Lasseur R, Garcia J, Romain S, Appay R, Graillon T, Mason W, Carpentier AF, Brandes AA, Ouafik L, Wick W, Baaziz A, Gigan JP, Argüello RJ, Figarella-Branger D, Chinot O, Tabouret E. Plasmatic MMP9 released from tumor-infiltrating neutrophils is predictive for bevacizumab efficacy in glioblastoma patients: an AVAglio ancillary study. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2022; 10:1. [PMID: 34980260 PMCID: PMC8722051 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-021-01305-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously identified matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) and MMP9 plasma levels as candidate biomarkers of bevacizumab activity in patients with recurrent glioblastoma. The aim of this study was to assess the predictive value of MMP2 and MMP9 in a randomized phase III trial in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma and to explore their tumor source. In this post hoc analysis of the AVAglio trial (AVAGlio/NCT00943826), plasma samples from 577 patients (bevacizumab, n = 283; placebo, n = 294) were analyzed for plasma MMP9 and MMP2 levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A prospective local cohort of 38 patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma was developed for analysis of tumor characteristics by magnetic resonance imaging and measurement of plasma and tumor levels of MMP9 and MMP2. In this AVAglio study, MMP9, but not MMP2, was correlated with bevacizumab efficacy. Patients with low MMP9 derived a significant 5.2-month overall survival (OS) benefit with bevacizumab (HR 0.51, 95% CI 0.34-0.76, p = 0.0009; median 13.6 vs. 18.8 months). In multivariate analysis, a significant interaction was seen between treatment and MMP9 (p = 0.03) for OS. In the local cohort, we showed that preoperative MMP9 plasma levels decreased after tumor resection and were correlated with tumor levels of MMP9 mRNA (p = 0.03). However, plasma MMP9 was not correlated with tumor size, invasive pattern, or angiogenesis. Using immunohistochemistry, we showed that MMP9 was expressed by inflammatory cells but not by tumor cells. After cell sorting, we showed that MMP9 was expressed by CD45+ immune cells. Finally, using flow cytometry, we showed that MMP9 was expressed by tumor-infiltrating neutrophils. In conclusion, circulating MMP9 is predictive of bevacizumab efficacy and is released by tumor-infiltrating neutrophils.
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Wirsching HG, Roth P, Weller M. A vasculature-centric approach to developing novel treatment options for glioblastoma. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2021; 25:87-100. [PMID: 33482697 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2021.1881062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Glioblastoma is invariably deadly and is characterized by extensive vascularization and macrophage-dominant immunosuppression; nevertheless, anti-angiogenesis has so far failed to prolong overall survival of patients. Regardless of the problems in clinical development, the rationale for the application of anti-angiogenics in glioblastoma remains.Areas covered: Resistance to anti-angiogenics is discussed, including vessel co-option and amplification of hypoxic signaling in response to vessel destruction. The modulation of GSC and tumor-associated macrophages by dysfunctional tumor vessels and by hypoxia are outlined. Pharmacologic approaches to sensitizing glioblastomas to anti-angiogenics and evidence for the cooperation of anti-angiogenics with immunotherapies are summarized. Database search: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov prior to December 12, 2020.Expert opinion: Despite drawbacks in the clinical development of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF)-targeted agents, there is still rationale for the use of anti-angiogenics. The better understanding of vascular co-option and adverse effects of blood vessel destruction guides to improve strategies for vascular targeting. The pivotal role of the vasculature and of angiogenic factors such as VEGF for the induction and maintenance of immunosuppression in glioblastoma supports the use of anti-angiogenics in combination with immunotherapy. Proinflammatory repolarization of perivascular and perinecrotic tumor-associated macrophages is probably paramount for overcoming treatment resistance to virtually any treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Georg Wirsching
- Department of Neurology University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Roth
- Department of Neurology University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Weller
- Department of Neurology University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Kanvinde PP, Malla AP, Connolly NP, Szulzewsky F, Anastasiadis P, Ames HM, Kim AJ, Winkles JA, Holland EC, Woodworth GF. Leveraging the replication-competent avian-like sarcoma virus/tumor virus receptor-A system for modeling human gliomas. Glia 2021; 69:2059-2076. [PMID: 33638562 PMCID: PMC8591561 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Gliomas are the most common primary intrinsic brain tumors occurring in adults. Of all malignant gliomas, glioblastoma (GBM) is considered the deadliest tumor type due to diffuse brain invasion, immune evasion, cellular, and molecular heterogeneity, and resistance to treatments resulting in high rates of recurrence. An extensive understanding of the genomic and microenvironmental landscape of gliomas gathered over the past decade has renewed interest in pursuing novel therapeutics, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, glioma-associated macrophage/microglia (GAMs) modulators, and others. In light of this, predictive animal models that closely recreate the conditions and findings found in human gliomas will serve an increasingly important role in identifying new, effective therapeutic strategies. Although numerous syngeneic, xenograft, and transgenic rodent models have been developed, few include the full complement of pathobiological features found in human tumors, and therefore few accurately predict bench-to-bedside success. This review provides an update on how genetically engineered rodent models based on the replication-competent avian-like sarcoma (RCAS) virus/tumor virus receptor-A (tv-a) system have been used to recapitulate key elements of human gliomas in an immunologically intact host microenvironment and highlights new approaches using this model system as a predictive tool for advancing translational glioma research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranjali P Kanvinde
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Adarsha P Malla
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Nina P Connolly
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Frank Szulzewsky
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Pavlos Anastasiadis
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Heather M Ames
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Anthony J Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Winkles
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Eric C Holland
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Seattle Tumor Translational Research Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Graeme F Woodworth
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Nguyen HM, Saha D. The Current State of Oncolytic Herpes Simplex Virus for Glioblastoma Treatment. Oncolytic Virother 2021; 10:1-27. [PMID: 33659221 PMCID: PMC7917312 DOI: 10.2147/ov.s268426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a lethal primary malignant brain tumor with no current effective treatments. The recent emergence of immuno-virotherapy and FDA approval of T-VEC have generated a great expectation towards oncolytic herpes simplex viruses (oHSVs) as a promising treatment option for GBM. Since the generation and testing of the first genetically engineered oHSV in glioma in the early 1990s, oHSV-based therapies have shown a long way of great progress in terms of anti-GBM efficacy and safety, both preclinically and clinically. Here, we revisit the literature to understand the recent advancement of oHSV in the treatment of GBM. In addition, we discuss current obstacles to oHSV-based therapies and possible strategies to overcome these pitfalls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-My Nguyen
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, School of Pharmacy, Abilene, TX, 79601, USA
| | - Dipongkor Saha
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, School of Pharmacy, Abilene, TX, 79601, USA
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Liu P, Wang Y, Wang Y, Kong Z, Chen W, Li J, Chen W, Tong Y, Ma W, Wang Y. Effects of oncolytic viruses and viral vectors on immunity in glioblastoma. Gene Ther 2020; 29:115-126. [PMID: 33191399 DOI: 10.1038/s41434-020-00207-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is regarded as an incurable disease due to its poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Virotherapies were once utilized on cancers for their oncolytic effects. And they are being revived on GBM treatment, as accumulating evidence presents the immunogenic effects of virotherapies in remodeling immunosuppressive GBM microenvironment. In this review, we focus on the immune responses induced by oncolytic virotherapies and viral vectors in GBM. The current developments of GBM virotherapies are briefly summarized, followed by a detailed depiction of their immune response. Limitations and lessons inferred from earlier experiments and trials are discussed. Moreover, we highlight the importance of engaging the immune responses induced by virotherapies into the multidisciplinary management of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghao Liu
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yaning Wang
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yuekun Wang
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Ziren Kong
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Wanqi Chen
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Jiatong Li
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Wenlin Chen
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yuanren Tong
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Wenbin Ma
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Yu Wang
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
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8
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Sette P, Amankulor N, Li A, Marzulli M, Leronni D, Zhang M, Goins WF, Kaur B, Bolyard C, Cripe TP, Yu J, Chiocca EA, Glorioso JC, Grandi P. GBM-Targeted oHSV Armed with Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 Enhances Anti-tumor Activity and Animal Survival. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2019; 15:214-222. [PMID: 31890868 PMCID: PMC6926261 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2019.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of mutant strains of oncolytic herpes simplex virus (oHSV) in early-phase human clinical trials for the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) has proven safe, but limited efficacy suggests that more potent vector designs are required for effective GBM therapy. Inadequate vector performance may derive from poor intratumoral vector replication and limited spread to uninfected cells. Vector replication may be impaired by mutagenesis strategies to achieve vector safety, and intratumoral virus spread may be hampered by vector entrapment in the tumor-specific extracellular matrix (ECM) that in GBM is composed primarily of type IV collagen. In this report, we armed our previously described epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)vIII-targeted, neuronal microRNA-sensitive oHSV with a matrix metalloproteinase (MMP9) to improve intratumoral vector distribution. We show that vector-expressed MMP9 enhanced therapeutic efficacy and long-term animal survival in a GBM xenograft model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Sette
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nduka Amankulor
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Aofei Li
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Marco Marzulli
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Daniela Leronni
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mingdi Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - William F. Goins
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Balveen Kaur
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Chelsea Bolyard
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Timothy P. Cripe
- Division of Hematology/Oncology/Blood and Marrow Transplant, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jianhua Yu
- Hematologic Malignancies & Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
- Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
- Division of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - E. Antonio Chiocca
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s/Faulkner Hospital and Harvey Cushing Neuro-oncology Laboratories, Harvard Medicine School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Neuro-oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joseph C. Glorioso
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Paola Grandi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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