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Liu X, Fu Y, Zhang L, Bi Y, Cui Y, Zhao G. Cosmogenic radionuclide Beryllium-7 and Beryllium-10 characteristics and influencing factors in different natural climate regions, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 945:174146. [PMID: 38909813 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
The cosmogenic radionuclide 7Be (T1/2: 53.29 days) and 10Be (T1/2: 1.39 My), as unique tracers, play an excellent indicative role in atmospheric environmental changes and Earth surface processes. Currently, their different characteristics and influencing factors in various natural climate environments are still vague. Here, we used a state-of-the-art accelerator mass spectrometry to synchronously measure the ultra-trace 7Be and 10Be in aerosols, obtaining the spatial and temporal variability of daily-resolution atmospheric 7Be and 10Be in different natural climate regions (n = 11) of China. The survey results show that the 10Be and 7Be concentrations in the central/southern regions of China (22-38°N, 85-119°E) in 2020/21 are (0.5-18.7)·104 and (0.4-6.1)·104 atoms·m-3, respectively, with 10Be/7Be ratios of 0.7-3.3. Except for the Tibetan Plateau, there are differences in the concentration thresholds of 10Be and 7Be in various regions, especially in 10Be concentration. These 10Be/7Be thresholds are consistent in areas with an altitude range of 4-3420 m a.s.l and reach their highest values throughout the spring of the year. The analysis results indicate that both 7Be and 10Be are influenced by local meteorological conditions such as rainfall and boundary layer disturbances, while also exhibiting different distribution states. This distribution states is due to the re-suspended soil dust 10Be interference caused by soil wind erosion to varying degrees in different regions, with an average contribution to aerosol 10Be of 5.0 ± 2.6 %-24.2 % ± 13.3 %, and is controlled by local annual rainfall (r = 0.8, p < 0.01). Furthermore, unlike the characteristics of 10Be and 7Be concentrations influenced by local meteorological conditions, the daily variation of corrected 10Be/7Be exhibits independence from meteorological processes other than stratosphere troposphere transport, and its significant seasonal oscillations indicate changes in atmospheric circulation in the East Asian monsoon region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuke Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IEECAS), Xi'an 710061, China; Xi'an Institute for Innovative Earth Environment Research, Xi'an, 710061, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Technology and Application, Xi'an AMS Center of IEECAS, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yunchong Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IEECAS), Xi'an 710061, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Technology and Application, Xi'an AMS Center of IEECAS, Xi'an 710061, China; Institute of Global Environmental Change, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IEECAS), Xi'an 710061, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Technology and Application, Xi'an AMS Center of IEECAS, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yanting Bi
- Xi'an Institute for Innovative Earth Environment Research, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Yuda Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IEECAS), Xi'an 710061, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Technology and Application, Xi'an AMS Center of IEECAS, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Guoqing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IEECAS), Xi'an 710061, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Technology and Application, Xi'an AMS Center of IEECAS, Xi'an 710061, China
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Sharma BR, Kuttippurath J, Patel VK, Gopikrishnan GS. Regional sources of NH 3, SO 2 and CO in the Third Pole. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 248:118317. [PMID: 38301761 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
The Third Pole (TP) is a high mountain region in the world, and is well-known for its pristine environment, but recent development activities in the region have degraded its air quality. Here, we investigate the spatial and temporal changes of the air pollutants ammonia (NH₃), sulphur dioxide (SO₂) and carbon monoxide (CO) in TP, and reveal their sources using satellite measurements and emission inventory. We observe a clear seasonal cycle of NH3 in TP, with high values in summer and low values in winter. The intense agriculture activities in the southern TP are the cause of high NH₃ (6-8 × 1016 molec./cm2) there. Similarly, CO shows a distinct seasonal cycle with high values in spring in the southeast TP due to biomass burning. In addition, the eastern boundary of TP in the Sichuan and Qinghai provinces also show high values of CO (about 1.5 × 1018 mol/cm2), primarily owing to the industrial activities. There is no seasonal cycle found for SO₂ distribution in TP, but relatively high values (8-10 mg/m2) are observed in its eastern boundary. The high-altitude pristine regions of inner TP are also getting polluted because of increased human activities in and around TP, as we estimate positive trends in CO (0.5-1.5 × 1016 mol/cm2/yr) there. In addition, positive trends are also found in NH₃ (0.025 × 1016 molec./cm2/yr) during 2008-2020 in most regions of TP and SO₂ (about 0.25-0.75 mg/m2/yr) in the Sichuan and Qinghai region during 2000-2020. As revealed by the emission inventory, there are high anthropogenic emissions of NH3, SO2 and CO within TP. There are emissions of pollutants from energy sectors, oil and refinery, agriculture waste burning and manure management within TP. These anthropogenic activities accelerate the ongoing development in TP, but severely erode its environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- B R Sharma
- CORAL, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - J Kuttippurath
- CORAL, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India.
| | - V K Patel
- CORAL, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - G S Gopikrishnan
- CORAL, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
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Dubé K, Randel W, Bourassa A, Degenstein D. Tropopause-Level NO x in the Asian Summer Monsoon. GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS 2022; 49:e2022GL099848. [PMID: 36246737 PMCID: PMC9539711 DOI: 10.1029/2022gl099848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Deep convection within the Asian summer monsoon (ASM) transports surface level air into the upper troposphere-lower stratosphere (UTLS). This work aims to understand the distribution of NO2, NO, and NOx in the UTLS ASM anticyclone from satellite measurements. Observations of NO2 from the Optical Spectrograph and InfraRed Imager System, the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment - Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS), and the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment III on the International Space Station are considered. The PRATMO photochemical box model is used to quantify the NOx photochemistry, and to derive the NOx concentration using OSIRIS NO2 and O3 observations. The satellite data show a relative minimum in NO2 over the ASM in the summer months, while the corresponding NO and NOx anomalies are elevated, mainly due to low O3 and cold temperatures within the ASM. The observations within the ASM show reasonable agreement to simulations from the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberlee Dubé
- Institute of Space and Atmospheric StudiesUniversity of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSKCanada
| | | | - Adam Bourassa
- Institute of Space and Atmospheric StudiesUniversity of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSKCanada
| | - Doug Degenstein
- Institute of Space and Atmospheric StudiesUniversity of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSKCanada
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A Study of the Vertical Distribution and Sub-Peaks of Ozone below 12 km over Wuyishan Region Based on Ozone Sounding in Winter. ATMOSPHERE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos13060979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
An understanding of the vertical distribution of ozone is critical to assessing the ozone variabilities both in the stratosphere and the troposphere. We collected the profiles of atmospheric ozone partial pressure and ozone volume mixing ratio (VMR) by a sounding system at the Wuyi Mountain National Meteorological Observation Station (Shaowu sounding station 58725) from November 2021 to February 2022. In this study, the vertical distribution and sub-peak phenomenon of tropospheric ozone below 12 km are investigated using mathematical statistics and synthetic analysis. The results show that the ozone partial pressure decreased from the ground to the tropopause, which is consistent with the temperature profile. However, 66.7% of cases first showed an increasing trend from the ground to about 3 km, while there were one or more temperature inversions in the corresponding temperature profiles and the atmosphere was stable and the relative humidity was high; then, in the stratosphere, the ozone partial pressure began to increase significantly, The ozone partial pressure reaches its maximum at an average height of 24.9 km, and the maximum value was 14 mPa. The ozone VMR in troposphere is the fluctuating increase from the ground to the tropopause, and 83.3% of the cases begin to rise rapidly at about 2–5 km away from the tropopause, and the ozone surge height is 2.9 km lower than the tropopause on average. Some of these tropopause ozone VMR have shown the characteristics of stratospheric ozone. The sub-peaks of tropospheric ozone below 12 km has four cases. All the sub-peaks occur between 6.7 km and 11.5 km vertically, and peak ozone VMR is 1.6–1.9 times larger than that of the average state at the same height. The maximum stratospheric ozone VMR is 8649 ppb on average, occurring at an average height of 31.3 km, and this average height of the maximum stratospheric ozone VMR is 6.4 km higher than that for the ozone partial pressure. The total ozone in the boundary layer (0–1.5 km) is 4.3 DU on average, accounting for 1.5% in total ozone column. The total ozone in the troposphere is 39.5 DU, accounting for 13.1% in total ozone column, and the total ozone in the stratosphere is 262.4 DU, accounting for 86.9% in total ozone column.
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Thunderstorm Activity over the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau Indicated by the Combined Data of the FY-2E Geostationary Satellite and WWLLN. REMOTE SENSING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/rs14122855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Thunderstorm activity over the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP) has important climatic effects and disaster impacts. Using the thunderstorm feature dataset (TFD) established based on the black body temperature (TBB) and cloud classification (CLC) products of the Fengyun-2E (FY-2E) geostationary satellite, as well as the lightning data of the World Wide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN), the temporal and spatial distributions and some cloud properties of the thunderstorms over the QTP were analyzed. Approximately 93.9% and 82.7% of thunderstorms over the QTP occur from May to September and from 12 to 21 o’clock local time, and the corresponding peaks are in August and at 14:00, respectively. There are three centers featuring frequent thunderstorms in the southeast, south-central, and southwest regions of the QTP. The average thunderstorm cloud area (the region with TBB ≤ −32 °C) is 1.8 × 104 km2. Approximately 32.9% of thunderstorms have strong convective cells (SCCs) composed of areas with TBB ≤ −52 °C. The average number and area ratio of SCCs are 3.6 and 25.4%, respectively, and their spatial distribution is given. The average cloud area and the number and area ratio of SCCs of extreme-lightning thunderstorms (thunderstorms with the top 10% of lightning numbers) are approximately 30.0, 3.9, and 1.5 times those of normal thunderstorms. The spatial distribution of the thunderstorm activity is quite different from that of lightning activity given by the Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS) and Optical Transient Detector (OTD) over the northeastern and southwestern QTP, which may mean that the convection intensity, cloud structure, and charge structure of the thunderstorms over the QTP are different between different regions and seasons.
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Yan J, Wang G, Yang P, Li D, Bian J. Influence of NO X, Cl, and Br on the upper core of the ozone valley over the Tibetan Plateau during summer: Simulations with a box model. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 817:152776. [PMID: 34990678 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The ozone valley (OV) in the upper troposphere-lower stratosphere (UTLS) over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) has been identified since the 1990s during boreal summer. Recent studies have shown that another upper core of the OV appeared in the middle and upper stratosphere (10-2 hPa); however, the formation mechanism of the OV in the upper stratosphere remains unclear. In this paper, Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) data from the Aura satellite and the stratospheric heterogeneous chemical reaction box model are used to investigate the impact of chemical substances, including NO, NO2, Cl and Br, on the ozone valley in the middle and upper stratosphere over the TP. The results show that the formation mechanism of the diurnal and nighttime variation in the upper core of the OV over the TP in the summer may be related to the different daytime and nighttime distributions of NO2 and the difference in daytime and nighttime average temperatures between the TP and the same latitude regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; Lvliang Meteorological Bureau, Lvliang, Shanxi 033000, China
| | - Geli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Peicai Yang
- Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Dan Li
- Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jianchun Bian
- Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 73000, China
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Zhang Y, Li J, Li J, Pan X, Wang W, Zhu L, Wang Z, Chen X, Yang W, Wang Z. An intercomparison of ozone taken from the Copernicus atmosphere monitoring service and the second Modern-Era retrospective analysis for research and applications over China during 2018 and 2019. J Environ Sci (China) 2022; 114:514-525. [PMID: 35459513 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Spatiotemporal variations of ozone (O3) taken from the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) and the second Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA-2) were intercompared and evaluated with ground and ozone-sonde observations over China in 2018 and 2019. Intercomparison of the surface ozone from CAMS and MERRA-2 reanalysis showed significant negative bias (CAMS minus MERRA-2, same below) at Tibetan Plateau of up to 80 µg/m3, and the average R2 was about 0.6 across China. Evaluated with the ground observations from China National Environmental Monitoring Center (CNEMC), we found that CAMS and MERRA-2 reanalysis were capable of capturing the key patterns of monthly and diurnal variations of surface ozone over China except for the western region, and MERRA-2 overestimated the observations compared to CAMS. Vertically, the CAMS profiles overestimated the ozone-sonde from the World Ozone and Ultraviolet Radiation Data Center (WOUDC) above 200 hPa with the magnitude reaching up to 150 µg/m3, while little bias was found between the reanalysis and observations below 200 hPa. Intercomparison drawn from the vertical distribution between CAMS and MERRA-2 reanalysis showed that the negative bias appeared throughout the troposphere over China, while the positive bias emerged in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) with high order of magnitude exceeding 100 µg/m3, indicating large uncertainties at higher altitudes. In summary, we concluded that CAMS reanalysis showed better agreement with the observations in contrast to MERRA-2, and the large discrepancy especially at higher altitudes between these two reanalysis datasets could not be ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jie Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Jianjun Li
- China National Environmental Monitoring Center, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xiaole Pan
- The State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Wang
- China National Environmental Monitoring Center, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Lili Zhu
- China National Environmental Monitoring Center, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Zixi Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xueshun Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Wenyi Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Zifa Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
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Wu D, Shi T, Niu X, Chen Z, Cui J, Chen Y, Zhang X, Liu J, Ji M, Wang X, Pu W. Seasonal to sub-seasonal variations of the Asian Tropopause Aerosols Layer affected by the deep convection, surface pollutants and precipitation. J Environ Sci (China) 2022; 114:53-65. [PMID: 35459514 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2021.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The Asian Tropopause Aerosols Layer (ATAL) refers to an accumulation of aerosols in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere during boreal summer over Asia, which has a fundamental impact on the monsoon system and climate change. In this study, we primarily analyze the seasonal to sub-seasonal variations of the ATAL and the factors potentially influencing those variations based on MERRA2 reanalysis. The ability of the reanalysis to reproduce the ATAL is well validated by CALIPSO observations from May to October 2016. The results reveal that the ATAL has a synchronous spatiotemporal pattern with the development and movement of the Asian Summer Monsoon. Significant enhancement of ATAL intensity is found during the prevailing monsoon period of July-August, with two maxima centered over South Asia and the Arabian Peninsula. Owing to the fluctuations of deep convection, the ATAL shows an episodic variation on a timescale of 7-12 days. Attribution analysis indicates that deep convection dominates the variability of the ATAL with a contribution of 62.7%, followed by a contribution of 36.6% from surface pollutants. The impact of precipitation is limited. The ATAL further shows a clear diurnal variation: the peak of ATAL intensity occurs from 17:30 to 23:30 local time (LT), when the deep convection becomes strongest; the minimum ATAL intensity occurs around 8:30 LT owing to the weakened deep convection and photochemical reactions in clouds. The aerosol components of the ATAL show different spatiotemporal patterns and imply that black carbon and organic carbon come mainly from India, whereas sulfate comes mainly from China during the prevailing monsoon period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyou Wu
- College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Tenglong Shi
- College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiaoying Niu
- College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Ziqi Chen
- College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jiecan Cui
- College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yang Chen
- College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xueying Zhang
- Jilin Weather Modification Office, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Jun Liu
- College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Mingxia Ji
- College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wei Pu
- College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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Wang X, Liu K, Zhu L, Li C, Song Z, Li D. Efficient transport of atmospheric microplastics onto the continent via the East Asian summer monsoon. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 414:125477. [PMID: 33647626 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The presence of microplastics (MPs) in the atmosphere is a global concern because of its environmental and health impacts; however, the monsoonal transport of atmospheric MPs has not yet been investigated. To fully understand the effect of the monsoon on atmospheric MP transport, we conducted a study along the southeast coast of China during the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM). We found that the EASM transports atmospheric MPs back onto the continent at a flux of up to 212.977-213.433 kg/EASM/year. The backward trajectory and wind field results indicate that the EASM provides an effective MP transport pathway from Vietnam, the Philippines, and Malaysia to southeastern China. This suggests that only some of the airborne MPs over the ocean enter the marine ecosystem. The average abundance of atmospheric MPs over the sampling area was 0.39 items/100 m3 (0.39 ± 0.43 items/100 m3) during the EASM season, with high variability among the sampling sites. This study improves our understanding of the impact of the EASM on atmospheric MP transport, which can help quantify the contributions of atmospheric MPs to marine or terrestrial ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Kai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Lixin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Changjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Zhangyu Song
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Daoji Li
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China.
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He Y, Sheng Z, Zhang J, He M, Zhou S. Spectrum Analysis of Gravity Waves Based on Sensors Mounted on a New Round-Trip Airborne Flat-Floating Sounding System. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E2123. [PMID: 32283769 PMCID: PMC7180844 DOI: 10.3390/s20072123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, sensors mounted on a new type of round-trip airborne flat-floating sounding system (RTAFSS) were used to obtain the observation data of the three stages of "rising, flat-floating and falling". This new sounding method has a good application prospect. We performed spectrum analysis on the normalized temperature fluctuation, and the vertical wavenumber spectrum from the rising and falling stages and the horizontal wavenumber spectrum from the flat-floating stage were obtained. This is the first time the complete gravity wave spectrum characteristics were obtained from three consecutive stages: rising, flat-floating and falling. The results show that the gravity wave spectrum of the three stages can be well obtained by RTAFSS. For the horizontal wavenumber spectrum, the spectral slope is basically around -2, and the difference in the spectral structure of the horizontal wave number spectrum may be due to the intermittent turbulent activity and the variable intensity of the gravitational wave during its propagation. This study aims to make experimental exploration of the spectrum characteristics of gravity waves by this new type of observation data. It is expected to reveal the spectrum characteristics of horizontal wavenumber in the stratosphere region of China, providing a theoretical basis for spectrum analysis in a wider space-time range after further network observation of RTAFSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang He
- College of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China; (Y.H.); (J.Z.); (M.H.); (S.Z.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Zheng Sheng
- College of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China; (Y.H.); (J.Z.); (M.H.); (S.Z.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- College of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China; (Y.H.); (J.Z.); (M.H.); (S.Z.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Mingyuan He
- College of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China; (Y.H.); (J.Z.); (M.H.); (S.Z.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Shudao Zhou
- College of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China; (Y.H.); (J.Z.); (M.H.); (S.Z.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
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